Environmental Encyclopedia
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Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Fluoridation
Fly ash
Flyway
Food additives
Food and Drug Administration
Food chain/web
Food irradiation
Food policy
Food waste
Food-borne diseases
Foot and mouth disease
Forbes, Stephen A.
Forel, Francois-Alphonse
Foreman, Dave
Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act
(1974)
Forest decline
Forest management
Forest Service
Fossey, Dian
Fossil fuels
Fossil water
Four Corners
Fox hunting
Free riders
Freon
Fresh water ecology
Friends of the Earth
Frogs
Frontier economy
Frost heaving
Fuel cells
Fuel switching
Fugitive emissions
Fumigation
Fund for Animals
Fungi
Fungicide
Furans
Future generations
G
Gaia hypothesis
Gala
´
pagos Islands
Galdikas, Birute
Game animal
Game preserves
Gamma ray
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
Garbage
Garbage Project
Garbology
Gasohol
Gasoline
ix
Gasoline tax
Gastropods
Gene bank
Gene pool
Genetic engineering
Genetic resistance (or genetic tolerance)
Genetically engineered organism
Genetically modified organism
Geodegradable
Geographic information systems
Geological Survey
Georges Bank
Geosphere
Geothermal energy
Giant panda
Giardia
Gibbons
Gibbs, Lois
Gill nets
Glaciation
Gleason, Henry A.
Glen Canyon Dam
Global Environment Monitoring System
Global Forum
Global ReLeaf
Global Tomorrow Coalition
Goiter
Golf courses
Good wood
Goodall, Jane
Gore Jr., Albert
Gorillas
Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument
Grasslands
Grazing on public lands
Great Barrier Reef
Great Lakes
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (1978)
Great Smoky Mountains
Green advertising and marketing
Green belt/greenway
Green Cross
Green packaging
Green plans
Green politics
Green products
Green Seal
Green taxes
Greenhouse effect
Greenhouse gases
Greenpeace
Greens
Grinevald, Jacques
Grizzly bear
Groundwater
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Groundwater monitoring
Groundwater pollution
Growth curve
Growth limiting factors
Guano
Guinea worm eradication
Gulf War syndrome
Gullied land
Gypsy moth
H
Haagen-Smit, Arie Jan
Habitat
Habitat conservation plans
Habitat fragmentation
Haeckel, Ernst
Half-life
Halons
Hanford Nuclear Reservation
Hardin, Garrett
Hawaiian Islands
Hayes, Denis
Hazard Ranking System
Hazardous material
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (1975)
Hazardous Substances Act (1960)
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste site remediation
Hazardous waste siting
Haze
Heat (stress) index
Heavy metals and heavy metal poisoning
Heavy metals precipitation
Heilbroner, Robert L.
Hells Canyon
Henderson, Hazel
Herbicide
Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service
Hetch Hetchy Reservoir
Heterotroph
High-grading (mining, forestry)
High-level radioactive waste
High-solids reactor
Hiroshima, Japan
Holistic approach
Homeostasis
Homestead Act (1862)
Horizon
Horseshoe crabs
Household waste
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
Hudson River
Human ecology
Humane Society of the United States
x
Humanism
Human-powered vehicles
Humus
Hunting and trapping
Hurricane
Hutchinson, George E.
Hybrid vehicles
Hydrocarbons
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
Hydrogen
Hydrogeology
Hydrologic cycle
Hydrology
Hydroponics
Hydrothermal vents
I
Ice age
Ice age refugia
Impervious material
Improvement cutting
Inbreeding
Incineration
Indicator organism
Indigenous peoples
Indonesian forest fires
Indoor air quality
Industrial waste treatment
Infiltration
INFORM
INFOTERRA (U.N. Environment Programme)
Injection well
Inoculate
Integrated pest management
Intergenerational justice
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Internalizing costs
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Cleaner Production Cooperative
International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
(1946)
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
International Institute for Sustainable Development
International Joint Commission
International Primate Protection League
International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals
International Society for Environmental Ethics
International trade in toxic waste
International Voluntary Standards
International Wildlife Coalition
Intrinsic value
Introduced species
Iodine 131
Ion
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Ion exchange
Ionizing radiation
Iron minerals
Irrigation
Island biogeography
ISO 14000: International Environmental Management Stan-
dards
Isotope
Itai-itai disease
IUCN—The World Conservation Union
Ivory-billed woodpecker
Izaak Walton League
J
Jackson, Wes
James Bay hydropower project
Japanese logging
K
Kapirowitz Plateau
Kennedy Jr., Robert
Kepone
Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge
Ketones
Keystone species
Kirtland’s warbler
Krakatoa
Krill
Krutch, Joseph Wood
Kudzu
Kwashiorkor
Kyoto Protocol/Treaty
L
La Nina
La Paz Agreement
Lagoon
Lake Baikal
Lake Erie
Lake Tahoe
Lake Washington
Land ethic
Land Institute
Land reform
Land stewardship
Land Stewardship Project
Land trusts
Land use
Landfill
Landscape ecology
Landslide
Land-use control
Latency
xi
Lawn treatment
LD
50
Leaching
Lead
Lead management
Lead shot
Leafy spurge
League of Conservation Voters
Leakey, Louis
Leakey, Mary
Leakey, Richard E.
Leaking underground storage tank
Leopold, Aldo
Less developed countries
Leukemia
Lichens
Life cycle assessment
Limits to Growth (1972) and Beyond the Limits (1992)
Limnology
Lindeman, Raymond L.
Liquid metal fast breeder reactor
Liquified natural gas
Lithology
Littoral zone
Loading
Logging
Logistic growth
Lomborg, Bjørn
Lopez, Barry
Los Angeles Basin
Love Canal
Lovelock, Sir James Ephraim
Lovins, Amory B.
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
Low-head hydropower
Low-level radioactive waste
Lyell, Charles
Lysimeter
M
MacArthur, Robert
Mad cow disease
Madagascar
Magnetic separation
Malaria
Male contraceptives
Man and the Biosphere Program
Manatees
Mangrove swamp
Marasmus
Mariculture
Marine ecology and biodiversity
Marine Mammals Protection Act (1972)
Marine pollution
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Marine protection areas
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (1972)
Marine provinces
Marsh, George Perkins
Marshall, Robert
Mass burn
Mass extinction
Mass spectrometry
Mass transit
Material Safety Data Sheets
Materials balance approach
Maximum permissible concentration
McHarg, Ian
McKibben, Bill
Measurement and sensing
Medical waste
Mediterranean fruit fly
Mediterranean Sea
Megawatt
Mendes, Chico
Mercury
Metabolism
Metals, as contaminants
Meteorology
Methane
Methane digester
Methanol
Methyl tertiary butyl ether
Methylation
Methylmercury seed dressings
Mexico City, Mexico
Microbes (microorganisms)
Microbial pathogens
Microclimate
Migration
Milankovitch weather cycles
Minamata disease
Mine spoil waste
Mineral Leasing Act (1920)
Mining, undersea
Mirex
Mission to Planet Earth (NASA)
Mixing zones
Modeling (computer applications)
Molina, Mario
Monarch butterfly
Monkey-wrenching
Mono Lake
Monoculture
Monsoon
Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone
Layer (1987)
More developed country
Mortality
Mount Pinatubo
xii
Mount St. Helens
Muir, John
Mulch
Multiple chemical sensitivity
Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act (1960)
Multi-species management
Municipal solid waste
Municipal solid waste composting
Mutagen
Mutation
Mutualism
Mycorrhiza
Mycotoxin
V
OLUME
2 (N-Z): ..........................................931
N
Nader, Ralph
Naess, Arne
Nagasaki, Japan
National Academy of Sciences
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
National Ambient Air Quality Standard
National Audubon Society
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
National Environmental Policy Act (1969)
National Estuary Program
National forest
National Forest Management Act (1976)
National Institute for the Environment
National Institute for Urban Wildlife
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
National lakeshore
National Mining and Minerals Act (1970)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
National park
National Park Service
National Parks and Conservation Association
National pollution discharge elimination system
National Priorities List
National Recycling Coalition
National Research Council
National seashore
National Wildlife Federation
National wildlife refuge
Native landscaping
Natural gas
Natural resources
Natural Resources Defense Council
Nature
Nature Conservancy, The
Nearing, Scott
Nekton
Neoplasm
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Neotropical migrants
Neritic zone
Neurotoxin
Neutron
Nevada Test Site
New Madrid, Missouri
New Source Performance Standard
New York Bight
Niche
Nickel
Nitrates and nitrites
Nitrification
Nitrogen
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen oxides
Nitrogen waste
Nitrous oxide
Noise pollution
Nonattainment area
Noncriteria pollutant
Nondegradable pollutant
Nongame wildlife
Nongovernmental organization
Nonpoint source
Nonrenewable resources
Non-timber forest products
Non-Western environmental ethics
No-observable-adverse-effect-level
North
North American Association for Environmental Education
North American Free Trade Agreement
North American Water And Power Alliance
Northern spotted owl
Not In My Backyard
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear power
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Nuclear test ban
Nuclear weapons
Nuclear winter
Nucleic acid
Nutrient
O
Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Ocean Conservatory, The
Ocean dumping
Ocean Dumping Ban Act (1988)
Ocean farming
Ocean outfalls
xiii
Ocean thermal energy conversion
Octane rating
Ode
´
n, Svante
Odor control
Odum, Eugene P.
Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management
Office of Management and Budget
Office of Surface Mining
Off-road vehicles
Ogallala Aquifer
Oil drilling
Oil embargo
Oil Pollution Act (1990)
Oil shale
Oil spills
Old-growth forest
Oligotrophic
Olmsted Sr., Frederick Law
Open marsh water management
Open system
Opportunistic organism
Orangutan
Order of magnitude
Oregon silverspot butterfly
Organic gardening and farming
Organic waste
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Organochloride
Organophosphate
Orr, David W.
Osborn, Henry Fairfield
Osmosis
Our Common Future(Brundtland Report)
Overburden
Overfishing
Overgrazing
Overhunting
Oxidation reduction reactions
Oxidizing agent
Ozonation
Ozone
Ozone layer depletion
P
Paleoecology/paleolimnology
Parasites
Pareto optimality (Maximum social welfare)
Parrots and parakeets
Particulate
Partnership for Pollution Prevention
Parts per billion
Parts per million
Parts per trillion
Passenger pigeon
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Passive solar design
Passmore, John A.
Pathogen
Patrick, Ruth
Peat soils
Peatlands
Pedology
Pelagic zone
Pentachlorophenol
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Peptides
Percolation
Peregrine falcon
Perfluorooctane sulfonate
Permaculture
Permafrost
Permanent retrievable storage
Permeable
Peroxyacetyl nitrate
Persian Gulf War
Persistent compound
Persistent organic pollutants
Pest
Pesticide
Pesticide Action Network
Pesticide residue
Pet trade
Peterson, Roger Tory
Petrochemical
Petroleum
Pfiesteria
pH
Phosphates
Phosphorus removal
Phosphorus
Photic zone
Photochemical reaction
Photochemical smog
Photodegradable plastic
Photoperiod
Photosynthesis
Photovoltaic cell
Phthalates
Phytoplankton
Phytoremediation
Phytotoxicity
Pinchot, Gifford
Placer mining
Plague
Plankton
Plant pathology
Plasma
Plastics
Plate tectonics
Plow pan
xiv
Plume
Plutonium
Poaching
Point source
Poisoning
Pollination
Pollution
Pollution control costs and benefits
Pollution control
Pollution credits
Pollution Prevention Act (1990)
Polunin, Nicholas
Polybrominated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Polycyclic organic compounds
Polystyrene
Polyvinyl chloride
Population biology
Population Council
Population growth
Population Institute
Porter, Eliot Furness
Positional goods
Postmodernism and environmental ethics
Powell, John Wesley
Power plants
Prairie
Prairie dog
Precision
Precycling
Predator control
Predator-prey interactions
Prescribed burning
President’s Council on Sustainable Development
Price-Anderson Act (1957)
Primary pollutant
Primary productivity (Gross and net)
Primary standards
Prince William Sound
Priority pollutant
Privatization movement
Probability
Project Eco-School
Propellants
Public Health Service
Public interest group
Public land
Public Lands Council
Public trust
Puget Sound/Georgia Basin International Task Force
Pulp and paper mills
Purple loosestrife
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Q
Quaamen, David
R
Rabbits in Australia
Rachel Carson Council
Radiation exposure
Radiation sickness
Radioactive decay
Radioactive fallout
Radioactive pollution
Radioactive waste
Radioactive waste management
Radioactivity
Radiocarbon dating
Radioisotope
Radiological emergency response team
Radionuclides
Radiotracer
Radon
Rails-to-Trails Conservancy
Rain forest
Rain shadow
Rainforest Action Network
Rangelands
Raprenox (nitrogen scrubbing)
Rare species
Rathje, William
Recharge zone
Reclamation
Record of decision
Recreation
Recyclables
Recycling
Red tide
Redwoods
Refuse-derived fuels
Regan, Tom [Thomas Howard]
Regulatory review
Rehabilitation
Reilly, William K.
Relict species
Religion and the environment
Remediation
Renew America
Renewable energy
Renewable Natural Resources Foundation
Reserve Mining Corporation
Reservoir
Residence time
Resilience
Resistance (inertia)
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
xv
Resource recovery
Resources for the Future
Respiration
Respiratory diseases
Restoration ecology
Retention time
Reuse
Rhinoceroses
Ribonucleic acid
Richards, Ellen Henrietta Swallow
Right-to-Act legislation
Right-to-know
Riparian land
Riparian rights
Risk analysis
Risk assessment (public health)
Risk assessors
River basins
River blindness
River dolphins
Rocky Flats nuclear plant
Rocky Mountain Arsenal
Rocky Mountain Institute
Rodale Institute
Rolston, Holmes
Ronsard, Pierre
Roosevelt, Theodore
Roszak, Theodore
Rowland, Frank Sherwood
Rubber
Ruckleshaus, William
Runoff
S
Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)
Sagebrush Rebellion
Sahel
St. Lawrence Seaway
Sale, Kirkpatrick
Saline soil
Salinity
Salinization
Salinization of soils
Salmon
Salt, Henry S.
Salt (road)
Salt water intrusion
Sand dune ecology
Sanitary sewer overflows
Sanitation
Santa Barbara oil spill
Saprophyte (decomposer)
Savanna
Savannah River site
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Save the Whales
Save-the-Redwoods League
Scarcity
Scavenger
Schistosomiasis
Schumacher, Ernst Friedrich
Schweitzer, Albert
Scientists’ Committee on Problems of the Environment
Scientists’ Institute for Public Information
Scotch broom
Scrubbers
Sea level change
Sea otter
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
Sea turtles
Seabed disposal
Seabrook Nuclear Reactor
Seals and sea lions
Sears, Paul B.
Seattle, Noah
Secchi disk
Second World
Secondary recovery technique
Secondary standards
Sediment
Sedimentation
Seed bank
Seepage
Selection cutting
Sense of place
Septic tank
Serengeti National Park
Seveso, Italy
Sewage treatment
Shade-grown coffee and cacao
Shadow pricing
Shanty towns
Sharks
Shepard, Paul
Shifting cultivation
Shoreline armoring
Sick Building Syndrome
Sierra Club
Silt
Siltation
Silver Bay
Singer, Peter
Sinkholes
Site index
Skidding
Slash
Slash and burn agriculture
Sludge
Sludge treatment and disposal
Slurry
xvi
Small Quantity Generator
Smart growth
Smelter
Smith, Robert Angus
Smog
Smoke
Snail darter
Snow leopard
Snyder, Gary
Social ecology
Socially responsible investing
Society for Conservation Biology
Society of American Foresters
Sociobiology
Soil
Soil and Water Conservation Society
Soil compaction
Soil conservation
Soil Conservation Service
Soil consistency
Soil eluviation
Soil illuviation
Soil liner
Soil loss tolerance
Soil organic matter
Soil profile
Soil survey
Soil texture
Solar constant cycle
Solar detoxification
Solar energy
Solar Energy Research, Development and Demonstration
Act (1974)
Solid waste
Solid waste incineration
Solid waste landfilling
Solid waste recycling and recovery
Solid waste volume reduction
Solidification of hazardous materials
Sonic boom
Sorption
Source separation
South
Spaceship Earth
Spawning aggregations
Special use permit
Species
Speciesism
Spoil
Stability
Stack emissions
Stakeholder analysis
Statistics
Steady-state economy
Stegner, Wallace
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Stochastic change
Storage and transport of hazardous material
Storm King Mountain
Storm runoff
Storm sewer
Strategic lawsuits to intimidate public advocates
Strategic minerals
Stratification
Stratosphere
Stream channelization
Stringfellow Acid Pits
Strip-farming
Strip mining
Strontium 90
Student Environmental Action Coalition
Styrene
Submerged aquatic vegetation
Subsidence
Subsoil
Succession
Sudbury, Ontario
Sulfate particles
Sulfur cycle
Sulfur dioxide
Superconductivity
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (1986)
Surface mining
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (1977)
Survivorship
Suspended solid
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable architecture
Sustainable biosphere
Sustainable development
Sustainable forestry
Swimming advisories
Swordfish
Symbiosis
Synergism
Synthetic fuels
Systemic
T
Taiga
Tailings
Tailings pond
Takings
Tall stacks
Talloires Declaration
Tansley, Arthur G.
Tar sands
Target species
Taylor Grazing Act (1934)
Tellico Dam
xvii
Temperate rain forest
Tennessee Valley Authority
Teratogen
Terracing
Territorial sea
Territoriality
Tetrachloroethylene
Tetraethyl lead
The Global 2000 Report
Thermal plume
Thermal pollution
Thermal stratification (water)
Thermocline
Thermodynamics, Laws of
Thermoplastics
Thermosetting polymers
Third World
Third World pollution
Thomas, Lee M.
Thoreau, Henry David
Three Gorges Dam
Three Mile Island Nuclear Reactor
Threshold dose
Tidal power
Tigers
Tilth
Timberline
Times Beach
Tipping fee
Tobacco
Toilets
Tolerance level
Toluene
Topography
Topsoil
Tornado and cyclone
Torrey Canyon
Toxaphene
Toxic substance
Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)
Toxics Release Inventory (EPA)
Toxics use reduction legislation
Toxins
Trace element/micronutrient
Trade in pollution permits
Tragedy of the commons
Trail Smelter arbitration
Train, Russell E.
Trans-Alaska pipeline
Trans-Amazonian highway
Transboundary pollution
Transfer station
Transmission lines
Transpiration
Transportation
Environmental Encyclopedia 3
CONTENTS
Tributyl tin
Trihalomethanes
Trophic level
Tropical rain forest
Tropopause
Troposphere
Tsunamis
Tundra
Turbidity
Turnover time
Turtle excluder device
2,4,5-T
2,4-D
U
Ultraviolet radiation
Uncertainty in science, statistics
Union of Concerned Scientists
United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development
United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
(1972)
United Nations Division for Sustainable Development
United Nations Earth Summit (1992)
United Nations Environment Programme
Upwellings
Uranium
Urban contamination
Urban design and planning
Urban ecology
Urban heat island
Urban runoff
Urban sprawl
U.S. Department of Agriculture
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Public Interest Research Group
Used Oil Recycling
Utilitarianism
V
Vadose zone
Valdez Principles
Vapor recovery system
Vascular plant
Vector (mosquito) control
Vegan
Vegetarianism
Vernadsky, Vladímir
Victims’ compensation
Vinyl chloride
Virus
Visibility
Vogt, William
xviii
Volatile organic compound
Volcano
Vollenweider, Richard
W
War, environmental effects of
Waste exchange
Waste Isolation Pilot Plan
Waste management
Waste reduction
Waste stream
Wastewater
Water allocation
Water conservation
Water diversion projects
Water Environment Federation
Water hyacinth
Water pollution
Water quality
Water quality standards
Water reclamation
Water resources
Water rights
Water table
Water table draw-down
Water treatment
Waterkeeper Alliance
Waterlogging
Watershed
Watershed management
Watt, James Gaius
Wave power
Weather modification
Weathering
Wells
Werbach, Adam
Wet scrubber
Wetlands
Whale strandings
Whales
Whaling
White, Gilbert
White Jr., Lynn Townsend
Whooping crane
Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (1968)
Wild river
Wilderness
Wilderness Act (1964)
Wilderness Society
Wilderness Study Area
Wildfire
Wildlife
Wildlife management
Wildlife refuge