Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH. 259

b^tob

n)ó|t 0]tA]T)T)

leijeAÓ.

<Do

TbACA]|i

fcieo|iA

A-I5

cuirbt)U5A6

o|ic,

'í;uai]i

cor)Ai]tc

(saw)

TST^I'^^^'^-

B' ]oy)\)<\v

Iqce é

A3u|*

cii he]t

lACAjft.

luAcj^in

rr)ófi

Ai|t

2l)A]|te

A5uf

A]ir

C^ic,

a5'4}* a]|i

^t^A^ble.

b] CO

i-'AbA

A]|ti|*

5AI)

le]C|]t

cu]i cu5A|i)i;.

"Civ

cii

Tt)A|i b]

3e<^T^^^^

(Gerald)

^Í^IFFU^

tor)boi)

qn7Cioll

bejc Tt)-bl]A5r)A ^|CC|h

f]V,

"pAO]

aií)5A|i

A^uf

AT)|tó.

At) CAO]

civ

^-e le

3AC u]le

f;eA]t

05,

rrjoft-

|r)C]t)&Ac

(high-minded), cu]3|']oi)ac (intelligent).

ca^I

mifueAc:

buAi>]'eA^*it)Ac

;

z'-xp l^ete

njA]ce |torÍ7.\c

(good

days

are before you). 'C'A]]i

05;

civ|b i)eA|xc

A^uf

lu6 bo

CTjATT) A5Ab;

ci\ib

cjaI a5u|« ]i)cleAcc

A3Ab,

0]beAf

A5U|*

|.'03lArt),

|*ubAilci6

a3u|*

cu]3fe

A3Ab.

be^b

caiU,

T)o Ai;]to

o|ic

tj'joi*

pA^be,

óijt

cuiii]ti)

cH3Ab

'y/w)

lejcifi

fo,

t)ócA

CU13 pui)CA

;

5IAC le)5eAi) cu3Ab

fejo,

o'r)

ca]11

A3ii|' o't;

b|c-bpA5A]l

atjo a

|tAb

cu.

f^ibnt

3ii]t

b' é ai)

Ttub

^eAft]t

cajiIa leAC,

rijejb

X]v

frulAUS.

fO|tU|*

bill

A]|t

A3Al6

A]|t

-pA^|t|t3e

At)

C-f-AOgAll

]*0 3AI)

cot^CA

bojibA

iot)t)|ni]6e. Cu]|viti7

AT)t)C]

fo,

lejciji

cu3Ab

o'l)

n)Ai3i|*CT|t*

A]3

ív]tb-ceAT)T)Ai6 a Loubot)

b-puil

Ai3e

CAibjteAÓ.

'Se

bAftAitJAil,

A3U]'

njo

bAjiArbAil

fe]r)

é,

i)AC b-|ni]l

A13

6i|iioi)t;Ac A5UJ*

n)ó]i-n)ó]t

a]3 Ca-

coiliceAC, TTjAic

Ajji h]t

"pivSA]!

TT)A]i

biió

cóijt

A Sac-

A1)1A

ACC

béAT)]:A]6 AT) ^eA|l

CA]tAbAC

TTJÓJl 1*0,

|tllb

njAjC

bu]c.

flivtj:

cu]|i|b bo

njACAHi

a3ih*

óeAiibfjitjtA

t)5^ÍVÓ

A3ll|*

A TD-beAlJl)

ACC

CU3AC.

jtA^b ctt ]:ao] curbbAC

<l)é,

^^e

5ui6e

<D'

ACAji

Ar)curbAr)Ai3,

SéAjtUt) 2t)AC

SeAbA^g.

EXERCISE

LXIX.

Dear Sir

—

21 Sb^o]

6]l

—

The young man

who will

give

you

this

letter is the son

an honest

farmer on my estate.

TtJAC

^eilTTjAiiae

cr)eA]*CA

civ

a]|i

ido OuccAjO-fe

atj |:eA]t

St)

(initial) after the

preposition and

article

not

aspirated in

the

spoken

language ;

as,

o't)

njAisivciTt

;

tT)eu&.

aspirate it,

however,

conformable

principle, and accords with

the practice observed

in the

written

language by

the

best

Irish

scholars.

260

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

b&A|tpA|*

feujc

A1) le]c]]i ]*o. He is

(judging), from

all I have

heard,

a worthy

man.

"Civ

o'l; ri)é|& fee cua-

Ia]8 Ti;e, 'i;i;a

oupje

f|ui)CAC.

The youth

has gone to

London

to carve

his own

fortune.

<t)o

cuai6

at)

c-ó5íii;ac

Loo&oi)

le i)-A

fo]izm)

5eA]t]iA6 ArtjAC

f:éii).

have learned

(heard)

that he is

person of (in

whom

there

is)

promise (iv|tb-&0)5),

learning

(po5U\it)),

and

virtue

(fc>eA5-

beiifA).

See

you can do

something

for

him.

know

you

possess

(50

b--f:uil

A5Afc>) great influence

(curbACc).

Any

thing

you

do for him

I shall consider (bo

rbeAfpAiO

nje)

having

been done for (5u|t ]t]i;TjeA6

A^jt

]*ot)).

Dear

Sir,

your

very obedient

servant,

i)o

feil^birAlS

1io-úítitAn)A|5,

Seí\5sM;

C'Duibnt.

21 tt)'V)A]\e CoticA)5,

At)

bejcrijAó

ii;]

TijííotAi) Ai)

posrijAiti,

1861.

rOPtTY-SECOND

LESSON.

From

words

of one

syllable, with which

our first

Lesson

commenced,

the

learner has

steadily

advanced in knowledge

of special etymology

be able

now

understand at first sight

the meaning

a polysyllable

or compound

word

any

length.

Along with special etymology,

with which

the art

spelling is so

combined, he must

have

acquired, what

has been

considered

great

difficulty in Gaelic

learning,

knowledge

of spelling with

facility

and

correctness, and

become famihar

with the

idiomatic turns

Keltic

speech.

need

not, therefore,

exclude, as we

have hitherto

done,

words

learned length"

in Gaelic, from our coming Exercises,

should their

use be

re(?ired.

The

grammatical

qualities appertaining to nouns

are gender, number,

cas^

person.

gender we have already treated fully (See Sixteenth

and Seventeenth

Lessons,

pp.

87-98).

learn

how

Irish

nouns

form the

plural,

consult Lessons

Twenty-third

and

Twenty-fourth

—

lóid.

Person,

in grammar,

derives

its order

and relation

from

the

speaker,

and is

Jirst,

when it refers to

the great /

(the

speaker);

secowfZ,

when

to the

being

spoken

to; third,

when

to the name

of that

spoken

of.

Case remains yet to be treated.

define

it, then,

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

261

change

increase

in the final syllable

of nouns signifi-

cative

a relative

change

in meaning.

Gaelic nouns undergo

four such

changes

in their termina-

tions, and

consequently

there must be

four

cases. These

call

Nominative.

Accusative.

2nd. Genitive.

3rd. Dative.

4th. Vocative,

answering

to the nominative

case

address

in English

grammar.

Modern Irish

grammarians, who

have

investigated

this subject, seem

agreed that the

lowest number of cases pecuUar to nouns in our

language is

four.

(See

Irish

Grammar, by Dr. Donovan, and the College

Irish Gammar,

second

edition,

55);

from

which

quote

the following;

—

regard to

the

cases, their

names and

their

number, it may

be well

to propose

here a

few

questions, and to

answer them, for the satisfaction

the learned

and

enlightened student.

Why are

the

nominative and accusative

ranked

one

case

Because

according to the

definition of case, they have only one

or the

same inflection.

Why

then

retain

the term accusative ?

Because it

expresses

idea

different,

either in fact, in

mode,

grammatical relation,

from those

conveyed by

the direct or

nominative case.

Dative alone is a name

given, in this edition, to

the third

case, just

(1)

to lessen the

numbers of cases,

and

(2)

because this

practice

—of calling the

third

case by

the term

dative—has

the sanction

of Greek

grammarians

the

grammars

they have

written

that

ancient

tongue.

Why

the term

possessive, as in English grammar,

not employed instead

of genitive

? Because less

suitable and

less

truthful to

express

the meaning

of the first oblique case.

Let

see

what

the

words

possessive and genitive

mean,

and how

far that meaning is

applicable to this

case.

The term

genitive conveys

the

idea

of generation,

origin, birth, source,

first

cause, and

indirectly, that of

possession,

control,

relation;

as, the

father's son

(generation, birth) ;

this boy

Patrick's son

(birth, possession)

;

that is

George's

gun

(possession)

;

father's land

(possession)

;

James's

arm

(connexion, source,

origin)

;

the ship's side

(same,

analogy).

The term

possessive conveys

only the

secondary

meaning

of the first

obhque case-

namely, possession,

and does not express that

of generation,

origin, birth,

source, while the

term genitive

does fully convey those

ideas

along with

that

of possession. Which

term, then,

is to be preferred

? Certainly that

genitive.

Again,

English there

are two kinds of

possessive

cases

—the real and

the

false, or

the

Anglo-Saxon

and the

Norman

The Real—

Anglo-Saxon.

False—Norman.

Peter's

side.

The

side of

Peter.

The hill's

foot.

The foot of

the

hilL

262

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

canuot say, the

bill's

foot ; because tbe

possessive,

hill's,

would de-

note

possessor, and

hill

cannot possess. The false

possessive

(of)

then

must be

used in those

instances where ro real possession

is implied. The

real

and

the

false

English possessives have only one

real

corresponding case

in Gaelic,

the genitive.

It expresses,

in Latirv and in

Greek, real or analo-

gical

origin, cause, connexion,

procession, possession.

is better

employ

the

term genitive,

which, as in Latin

and Greek, embraces both

kinds.

"The vocative

singular and plural has

in many instances inflections diffe-

rent

from the

nominative, and is

on this account properly called by

another

name than

that

nominative case of

address.'

DECLENSION.

Taking

the definition of

case to be

change or increase

the

final syUable

noun

significative of

correlative

change

meaning, there are

nouns of

certain ending

the

nominative that have a

class of changes

which other

nouns

different ending

in the

nominative or

uninflected

form have

not.

Declension then

is the

formation of case-

endings. In

Gaelic there

are

Jive

classes of case-endings,

point

which

grammarians seem

present

have

agreed.

There are,

therefore, five

declensions.

The key

the

series of

case-endings

noun of

the first

second

declension, is the

final

vowel of

the last

syllable

the undeclined noun.

This

vowel

has

been called

the

characteristic," because

by it the character

c.f the declension

becomes

known.

can, with equal proprietj', be called-

the

key-vowel.

Our

readers

already

know

that the

gender

of a

noun

which

the name

an inanimate

object

regulated by

this

key-vowel. (Nay,

the formation

of the

plural

immense

class of

nouns

—

the

parasyllabic class

—is

directed entirely by

it.)

It is no

wonder

then that Dr.

O'Donovan says:

'•the gender has

influence on the

formation

the cases

than any

ending

the

nominative."

—

Irish

Grammar,

78.

The

key-vowel

our

principal guide

in the

formation

of the

three

first

declensions

;

gender it

necessary

help.

Whenever

noun

ends in a

consonant it is plain that

the vowel imme-

diately

preceding

must be

broad or

slender.

THE

FIRST DECLENSION

embraces

nouns

ending

consonant

which is just pre-

ceded

in the

same

syllable

broad vowel, provided the

noun is

of the

masculine

gender.

W^e

say

provided

the

noun is

the masculine

gender," for

if it

I)e

feminine, it is

then not

the

first

declengion

;

as, cIuav,

an ear

;

cor,

foot;

Uri;,

hand

;

rUc, a

rod;

which are

feminine

(see Part

II.,

93).

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IhlSH.

2G3

All nouns,

therefore,

specified

Rule

I.,

for

knowing

tbe

gender of

those

Irish

nouns which are

names of

inanimate

objects"

{Ibid

p. 93),

are

of the first declension

;

but

all the

exceptions to Rule I.

are of

the

second or

third. Similarly, names

men,

for the

greater part,

which end

in a

couso-

nant preceded

by a

broad vowel,

belong to

this declension.

EXAMPLES.

Bivjtb,

nias.,

poet,

a bard.

Primary,

unaspirated, form

Singular. Plural.

Ace.

P^^^^

^^^1^^^

Gen.

Bivi]tb

B^jtb

Dat. Bc\|it)

Bv\ii&v\ib

Voe.

B^^l|^í5

Bivt^bA-

CvfAH,

fii-,

púth.

Ace.

I^^M'^^'^

Gai-ait)

Gen.

Ca|*a]1)

Catau

Dat.

CAfAu CAi'Ai^Nib

Voe.

CAfA]!)

Ca|\\i;a.

21)aiiCv\c, Í??., a rider.

Nom.

)

„..

r>,.

Ace.

|^^>1*<^^^^

2ljATtcAi5

Gen.

2l)A|tcAi5

2t)AitcAc

Dat.

2t)A|icAC

2l)v\]tcA|5ib

Ace.

2i)v\itcAi3

2't)A|tcACA.

The

changes which

the initial

or first consonant of the word

assumes,

are

regulated

the

rules that

direct

the phonetic use of aspiration

and

echpsis of which we

have

already

treated at considerable length

{see Lessons

18, 19;

and

Lessons

4, 5,

6, 9, 11),

shall

give

an example

or two of

the articulated form.

SECOND

DECLENSION.

The key-vowel

the

second

declension is slender

(j)

;

nouns, therefore,

that

end

consonant preceded

the

same

syllable

by the

vowel

are

of this declension.

And

these

are all

feminine

(see

Rule

94).

Nay,

so far does the

influence

gender

prevail,

that

nouns

having

the

key-vowel broad (which

264

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

the

characteristic

the

first) are, nevertheless,

the

second

declension,

they are feminine.

This declension is distinguished

from the

first

its taking

additional

syllable

(e)

in the genitive case. Nouns belonging

to it are then

the

iwiparasyllabic class.

EXAMPLE.

i)u|l,

/.,

a wish,

desire, an

element.

Singular,

Plural.

Gen.

feu]le

{dooil-e) &u]l

Dat.

bull

biiil]b

Voc.

6ii]l

Óujle

*^*

Ouil,

element, is pronounced

short, nearly like sjl

;

si'iil, a

wish

—

long.

like manner

are declined all

nouns

of this

class which

end

in a

single or double consonant

preceded

]

; as, c]U,

/.,

cliurch;

clivif,

sand-pit,

a hollow;

civju,/!,

reproach,

a fine;

t>]\\\\xx),

f.,

the back; 5ló||i, glory; n^ji;),

/.,

meal;

i;1tt;,/"j

poison;

y>'<s\\',

f,,

passion;

|-|t;\i&,

/.,

street; ]XvAi]t,

/.,

history;

r"!^»/-»

^ye

;

uah^»

hour.

Example

of a noun feminine

which

the

key-vowel

broad

coj*,^', a

foot.

Nom.)

n \ n \

Acc.

]

^^'*

^^'*'^

^^^"^

Gen.

coife

(koshe) coy

Dat.

CO]

(kosh)

co|*Aib

Voc.

co]f

[cliosh)

co|\v

Observe

—In

the

genitive

case singular hove

slender vowel

inserted

before

because"

the

increase

é in the

syllable

is slender. This

caused by

the

principle of

vowel

assimilation—

slender with

slender

and

broad

with

broad, caoI

caoI

Asiir

leAcAi) lo

IcACAp

—so

often

ex-

plained

for

the learner.

The

entire

class

feminine nouns ending in

consonant

preceded by

broad vowel

are declined

the

above

cloc,

f.^

stone,

clo3,

/.,

bell,

cluA]-,

/.,

an ear,

CHOI-,

;;}^

crosa,

lv\rb,

hand,

feob,

jewel,

flAc,^.,

rod,

ffioi},

the nose,

cuA5,y^,

an axe.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

265

And

all feminine nouns in

(diminutives

and deriva-

tives)

;

as,

CIA11Ó5,

chafer; ^ii]]'e6^,

f.,

lark; ^U]r)eó5,

window

;

péACój, a

pea-hen.

THIRD

DECLENSION.

The third declension

comprises those nouns,

well

femi-

nine

masculine,

which end in a

consonant

preceded by

single

broad vowel.

Though

no key-vowel

serves

distinguish

a group the

class that

belongs

this declension

from those of

the first and

second,

yet

nouns of a

certain

termination and

order

are

classified as

belonging

it ; for

example

names

offices

peculiar

to men;

as, njeAllcom,

cfiucuiaceont;

abstract

nouns

(fern.)

acc;

as,

TAorii\^ic,

freedom;

verbal

nouns

that

have a

broad

vowel in the final syllable.

The peculiar feature

this declension,

by which

it is distinguished

from

the

second as well as from

the first, is

that

the genitive singular

takes an

increase not

but

EXABIPLES.

(1)

2l)eAllcói|t,

m.,

deceiver;

(2)

Aijr^fACC,

/.,

love, fond-

ness

;

(3)

bAjft,

/.,

oak.

Singular.

Plural,

t>eAllcói|i

Tt9eAllc5i]t]6

Gen.

Tt)eAllcó|tA

ri^eAllcofii

Dat.

tr)eAllcói|i

n)eAllc5iii]b

Voc.

TbeAlcóijt

TrjeAllcóiii^ó

(2)

Nom.

Acc.

l^^^^T^^^

AWj-ACCA

Gen.

AT;r)fACCA

at)tj|*acc

Dat.

AUUfACC

AIJOfACCAlb

Voc.

AT;r)|'ACC

At^lJfACCA

All derivatives in acc

are declined

after the above form.

(3)

Nom.)

Acc.

[

^^^^

Gen. bAjtA

feAi|i

Dat. b^]|i

bAftAjb

Voc.

6A]|t

6a|ia

are declined

c5i|i,

_/!,

justice

—

gen.

coitA

;

cu]i>,y.,

portion

—

gen.

cobA

;

n)]\,

/.,

honey

—

gen.

Tr)eAlA

;

as, it)]

T)A

idcaIa;

n)U]|t,

f.,

sea

—

gen. ti^AjiA,

of the

sea. 2Lt-\]}i,

father

—

gen. acaji;

idacajiv,

mother

—

gen.

TtjACAjt ;

bjiACAiji,

brother

—

gen.

b|tACA]tj

are

of this

declensionj though they

266

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

form

the gen. case commonly

omitting the

slender

vowel

before

the

final

consonant

; as,

acajx,

n)<\CA]i, b]t<v

CA|i;

C4<t^]]x,f.,

a city, makes

the

gen.

CACA|tAc,

and

con

tractedly,

cacii<\c.

the third

declension belong

—

(I) personal nouns

ending

in 6\]i

;

(2)

abstract

nouns,

in acc

;

(3)

verbal

nouns

that terminate in

U5A6,

a6,

a^I, acc

;

(4)

all

primi-

tive nouns that form

the

genitive

taking an additional

syllable

(a).

This last class

can be

learned only

ex-

perience.

In regard to them,

the

words

of Dr. O'Donovan can be

appropriately and

with truth applied,

the

learner will

discover

that, as in Latin,

Greek, and

other

languages,

so in Irish,

he must learn

the gender and

genitive case

singular

of most nouns,

reading

the help

of a

dictionary."

FOURTH DECLENSION.

a fact, that the final syllable of

noun

terminates

either

vowel

consonant.

Nouns, the final syllable

which end in

vowel,

belong to the fourth and fifth declensions. Of

these per-

sonal nouns, mas. ending in

Aj^te, in

A^óe,

ii]&e

;

and

other

nouns, in e, mas.

fem.,

are of

the fourth

declension.

Also

those

that terminate in consonants,

viz.,

15,

16,

and

dimi-

nutives in

]\),

are of this

declension.

is characterised by having no inflection in the singular.

The

plural

form ends in ce, ce, or

ló,

as can be learned from

Twenty-Fourth

Lesson.

EXAMPLES.

"C^jeAjirjA,

lord

;

^a^vvq»

ring.

Singular.

Nom. Acc.

'CiSeAjtijA

pAit)ije

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

267

FIFTH

DECLENSION.

The

nouns

belonging

this

declension

are very

limited

number.

Most of

them terminate

vowel, and

are

of the

fem. gender

;

some few,

however,

are

masculine.

Their

distinguishing

mark is,

that

in the

gen.

case they

end

i).

See

Forty-Fourth Lesson,

in which is

presented

a full list of all

the nouns

of this declension,

pp.

270,

271, 272,

&c.

EXAMPLE.

PeA|t]*A, a person.

Singular.

Plural.

Norn. Ace.

-peAitf

Nom,

Ace. V.

|teA]tfAnA

Gen. peAftj-Ai) Gen.

-fteAti]*AT)

Dat. peA|tf*A]iy Dat.

peAji^AUAib

VOCABULARY.

2l]béiv,

dec.

(pr.

ayveish), from

A],

element,

bAjr, of

death.iabyss,

sea,

ocean

;

Welsh,

affwys ;

the Greek, a/Suo-o-os.

y.lbéire..\c,

vast, immense, prodigious,

exaggerating,

CotiT^uíiAb,

stirring, moving

; from

co|t,

motion;

tjA fé.vn co\\,

do not move,

co^i

co|i,

roll-

ing over

and over ;

roil on

roll.

t^oficAbAr,

1st dec, darkness

;

from &oitCv\,

dark, black.

pAlAiij,

adj.

empty,

void, unoccupied.

English

fallow,"

not unlike

it in sound or sense.

]:Aon,

adj.

void,

empty,

vain, devoid

shape, feeble,

^van

;

Latin,

vanum,

changing

v into f,/fl07ium.

5o]tt,

V. to call,

name, to cry, to

CÍOW.

Rojnn, V.

divide, cut

into

; n.

share,

part,

a sect;

(2)

point, nib,

a promontary;

Greek,

piv, a

nose,

promontary.

Solur,

light

(from

fol, a

word not

now

in use, but

retained in

Latin).

Cuf,

m. gen.

cujr

;

beginning,

Ajn

b-cur, in

the

beginning

;

written

also

cor.

From

cor

is derived

cofAc, beginning,

and

co]reAc,

thoish-each,

beginning,

com-

mencement, origin,

precedence,

first place

; coirio,

begin thou

;

cojno

OTIC,

begin,

set too.

Ujrse,

water; plu.

ujrsce,

waters

;

t)A

T)-uir5e,

of the

waters

;

the

more modern

and

the

simpler

form of the

genitive:

i)A

n-ujr-

.;^eAó, also

is used.

easy

Exercise,

taken

from

the

Bible.

£l]|i

b-cu|*

bo c|tucu]5 Í)|a T)eArb

A5Uf

caIatt?.

2I5UI'

Ar) caIatt) |:aoi)

a5U|*

-pAlArb; A5U|*

foojiCAbAf

A]|i

A5A16

t)A

b-Ajbeife A5Uf

b; Sp|0]tAb

í)é

co|tftu5A6

cioi)t)

i;a T)-u]]-3e.

2l5uf

bu-

bA]ixc

*t)|Aj b]6eA6

]*olup

at)1),

Ajuf

t)0

At)

foluf

Ai;r).

2l5uj*

coi)r)Ai|ic

«D^a

5U]i bu6

YO^\t

at)

foluf;

A5u|*

1t0]t)p

]*e

]b]]t

Ai)

Toluj-

A5Uf

AT) bo]tcAbA]*. 5.

2l5U|* bo

268

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

^o\p.

«DjA

^e'l)

c-foluj',

lix,

A3U|*

be'

boitc<,\bAf

50111

ye 0|óce ;

A^uf

jifwe

at)

t)5iu

a^hj* ai)

TÍ7<V]b]t)

ceub

liv.

2l5iif

bubA^jtc

Í)ia

bibeAÓ

fpeuji

meA-

6or) i:)A

r)-ui|'5e,

a5u]*

]toii)i)eA6

t;a

l)-u|]'5ce

ó t)A

b-ii]f5-

rib.

2Í5U|* bo

]X]me

Í)ia

ai)

fpeujv, A3iif

itojou

t;a

b-iMt'S*^^

V'-'^^]

^^^

T*?*^!!^

'^'^

b-u]t*5cib

c]Ovt)

i)v\

rpé||ie;

A5u|' b]

n)Ait

i^p).

8. 21511}*

50]ii

í)|<v

be'u

fpeujt,

i;eAib'

2l5iif

|t]i)ue

dó|D A5Uf

ib<^lbiD

ADD

bA]iA U\.

—

Irish Bible, hy Dr. MacHale.

FOPiTY-THIRD

LESSON.

NOUNS

DECLINED

WITH THE

ARTICLE.

example or two

the articulated

form

are, according

to promise, here presented

—

Singular.

Nom.

and Ace.

bivjib, tlie bard.

Gen.

b^iivb,

the bard's.

Dat. Ó

rD-b<\|jib, from the bard.

Plural.

Nom. and Ace.

d<v

bCvuib, the

bards.

Gen.

n^-bCviib,

the

bard's.

Dat.

b^|tbA|b,

from the bards.

CoTb]iAC

an engagement,

hand-to-hand

fight,

(from

cotb,

together

; and

b]iAC, old Irish ;

brachium, Latin,

arm).

Singular.

Plural.

N. and

Ac.

corbftAC

t)A

corb|tAic

Gen.

cori)|tAic

5-coti)iiAC

Dat.

Ó'

5-coTÍ)]iAC 5

con)|iACAib

CjiuAc,

stack ;

eAC, a horse

;

loc,

lake

; Iuac, a

price

;

&c.,

are

declined like

coiijjtAC.

Obs

—

In words

of two or

more syllables c

final

(aspirated)

changed

modern Irish into

(asp.) in the

genitive

sin-

gular.

See

example,

n^\|lCAC,

263.

Erse

Scotch Gaelic,

nouns

ending in c (asp.)

follow the

general

analogy of

inflection, like

the Muaspirated c

in the foregoing example,

cony-

tiAc

;

aspirated

in words of

one syllable.