Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

SELF-INSTaUCTIOX

IN IRISH.

239

SocAjti,

easy,

leisure,

tran-

quil.

SocAjiAC, steady,

established,

immovable;

from yo

and

cu]]t,

put,

place.

SocA|tv\c,

profitable,

easy

;

from

and

CAfi,

friendly.

So-c|ieibrbeAC,

credulous.

Soc]toi6eAC,

kind-hearted,

giving

ease

; from

yo and

c[toi6e,

heart.

So5fi%\6AC,

very

loving,

af-

fable.

Sole]]!,

clear, briglit, lucid;

|*ole|jt,

clearly,

lucidly

;

i'rom yo and

leiiji,

seeing.

So^A,

lucky,

happy,

prospe-

rous

;

from yo and

ívó,

luck.

SuA]fic,

sweet,

pleasant.

^oc

Ai|i,

uneasy, difiicult.

4Doca]iac,

unsteady.

í)ocAnAC, hurtful,

wrongs

injurious.

4)o-cftei&ri)eAC,

incredulous.

í)o-ctioióeAC,

sorrowful

;

af-

fecting

the heart

with

pain.

i)o

CftJOO.

<Do-5|tA6AC,

unloving, repul-

sive.

í)olé||t,

dark,

obscure.

<t)oi)A,

unlucky,

unhappy,

unprosperous.

í)aAj|tc,

sour, sharp.

PARTICIPLES.

So-6o|]tce,

easy or

apt to be

poured

out.

So-c|tioci)ui5ce, finite, easily

ended, root

—

c]\]oc, end.

So-cu]tT)f*]5ce, comprehensi-

ble.

So--|:efc|-ir>ce,

visible, easily

seen

;

root,

ye]c, see.

So-3lACiii5ce,

acceptable.

So-sUiAii-ce,

movable.

So-cui5|-|oi;a,

intelligible.

i)o-6oi|tce,

difficult

poured

out.

C)o-c|iioci;u]5ce,

infinite.

i)o-cu|rr)p5ce,

incomprehen-

sible.

i)o-^*e|C|*iT)ce, invisible,

and

í50-]:eicfiOT)A,

same.

i)o-5lACHi5ce,

unacceptable.

«iDo-jluAifce,

immovable.

Í)o-cu|5j'|oi;a,

unintelligible.

Assures,

beAtibAno.

"That

you

are

rogue,"

5un

5A&A10 zi\

Ar)nv\r.

Away

with

you

;

]rt)\i,

leAc

;

rejc

leA-

;

rt)'An}A]\c

leAc.

VOCABULARY.

Before

(prep

)

y\o]ú)e

;

before this,

Tto(.i)e

to;

adv., ce.vnA (already).

Betrays,

trAii-beArjAurj» biiAjceArjr),

Bribe,

bnjb.

Civility,

rjtéAlcAt,

;

from

r[c.

240

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

gentlemanly bearing;

and A]1-

Sops,

Ajtp

bic;

jneAnjA

bo5A.

ceAr, education

;

root, Ajl, to Stop

(to),

v.,

cor

nourish.

Jlischief,

njeAbAl,

^eAlcAtjAf

;

from

ireAl,

deceit,

treachery

;

njjor-

CAir,

from nj|

and

cAf,

friend-

ship.

Rob (to), bo

flAt)

;

c|ieACA6

;

A]T\5eAó,

from

A]ti5,

plunder.

Suspicion,

AibiiAf,

Therefore,

A]p. atj

í\óbArt

;

bnio

Tli)

;

uitije

rin

—

usually

found

written

and

pronounced

thus:

b'A

bnio nn,

composed

of be

(b'),

of;

a, its;

bfiio,

rea-

son, force

;

xw>

that.

EXERCISE LXIV.

THE THIEF AND

THE DOG.

2ll)

5A&A]6

A5Uf

At)

T1}Ab<v6.

thief on coming

(ajii

ceAcc)

house with the

inten-

tion

(le

]:o]m)

rob it,

would have stopped

the

barking

(cAfJAjT^c),

and therefore threw

the

dog sops :

Away

with

you,"

said the

dog

;

I had my suspicions

of you

before

(ceAi)A),

but

this

excess of civility assures

me that you

are

rogue."

A bribe in hand betrays

mischief

heart.

THIRTY-NINTH LESSON.

Explanation of

Prefixes

—

continued.

é,

negative

particle,

the

Latin

é,

eJi, eks,

or ex

;

as,

t^e]xi)]i), indeed,

certain

;

ebeirbit),

uncertain.

before a

syllable

beginning

with a broad

vowel,

takes.

after it,

conform to

the

laws

of vowel

assimilation

;

as,

boin^jt),

deep,

not

shallow;

eA-boirbin,

not

deep, shallow.

6a,

before

the

consonants

c and c, causes

eclipses, or

assumes,

for the sake

euphony in

the

enunciation

of the

compound

term, a

letter

the same

organ;

as,

ciaUoa,

intelligent; eA5-ciAlló<\,

devoid of intelligence;

cjiAibceAC,

pious;

eA5-c|iA]bceAc,

impious, devoid of piety ;

c|tocA]]te,

mercy

;

eAb-ciiocAi|te,

without mercy

;

eAb-c|tocAiiteAc,

merciless.

Ba5

is the

prefix

which

precedes

words

begin-

ning

with

; as, ^ArbAjl,

like, similar; e<\.5-|-An)Ail,

dis-

similar, unlike,

unusual,

matchless.

The

Scotch

Gael

not

admit the

use

the

eclipsing

consonant alter

;

as.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH. 241

eAceAjtc,

injustice

;

eAC]tocA]|ieAC, merciless

;

eA&ocAT*,

despair.

this they

are

right

;

for

the

eclipsing consonants

are, in such instances,

useless

; nay,

small way,

they

help

puzzle

the learner.

Q>A]t,

extreme, n. top, end, is an intensitive

particle; as,

eA|x-5Ab, arrest

;

eAit-frUic,

autocrat

;

from eAji,

and

flA^c,

prince, a chieftain

;

eA]iTt)All,

very slow

;

eAji-

cof

ArbA^l,

very similar.

QAp.

found only in

few

words. It appears

of kindred

meaning

with

|ATt,

after, meaning, final,

ending, crowning

; as, e^tibAll,

tail,

from

eA^,

and bv\ll,

member, by

metathesis

|\eAbAl.

6a|*, not, devoid of; from

a]*,

out

of;

as,

eAf-CA|tA&,

enemy, from

eAf,

and CA|tAb, a

friend;

eA|'-im}lAcc,

dis-

obedience

;

from

eAf,

and urblACC,

obedience

;

which

comes

from urbAl,

humble

;

Latin,

humilis

; eAf-u|t|tAn7,

disre-

spect, want

reverence

;

from eA|*,

and

u|t|tAn7,

reverence,

respect

;

eAflivi),

sick, infirm

;

from

eA^*, and

x^'-'^^h

sound

in health

;

e^-^-xl'Mj,

means the

same, infirm

; from

e, or,

as above, eA5

;

and

flivr).

6a|- is

pronounced

short.

'póiit,

before, in front

;

therefore it

means

advanced

;

very. Hence

its

presence imparts to the

meaning

of all

words

with

which

it is

compounded, the idea

fulness

completeness,

perfection, intensity

; as,

]:5]|t-b|teAci5U)5,

fore-

think, prophesy;

conjecture,

divine; from |;ó|]t,

and bjteA-

ct)ui5,

meditate

on, speculate.

)^ói|i-b|i]ACATt,

an adverb

;

from

^6i|i,

and

b|t]AéA|t,

word.

pói]t-biiiiAc,

the edge of

precipice

;

from

fó||t,

and

bfiuAc, edge, border,

brink.

P'ódt-ceAUT),

the

extreme end

;

root, ceArji?,

head,

limit.

y^ó\]\--\xx)e^\,

frontier, limit, furthest,

extremity,

circum-

ference

;

from

^rrjeAl,

a border,

a hem

;

as,

irrjeAl

fAllAitje,

the

hem of

His cloak;

imeAl

t)a

caIttjai;,

the

ends

of the

earth.

pó]it-i)eAjic,

violence;

r)eA]tc, strength.

'póiit-eiseAi;,

oppression

; root,

eiseAi;,

e]3]t),

force,

violence,

compulsion.

TPltlc,

back, quick

succession

; as,

-p|i]c-ceAcc,

coming

and

going

;

p|t]é-buAlA6,

repercussion,

palpitation.

Jol,

and sometimes

written ]l,

akin

in meaning

with u)lej

242 SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

all,

signifies

plenty,

variety,

diversity—like

ttoXví,

polús in

Greek;

as,

]0\x)c^h,

(adj.),

many, numerous; (n.),

multi-

tude

;

lol-jorrjAb,

a great multitude

;

]ol-CA]i)ceAC,

many-

tongued,

polyglot;

]ol-p]Ai}, torment;

from

jol, and pjAr,

pain; ^ol-beufAC,

arch, sly, versatile; from ]ol,

and beu|*AC,

mannerly; root,

beuf,

manners, behaviour

;

]olfc)ACAC,

parti-

coloured.

)oxx), around, about ;

of the

same

meaning

with the pre-

position

u|n)e,

around,

about

;

is therefore an intensitive

particle; as,

jaoc, wind; ]Otr)5Aoc,

whirlwind;

Uvn,

full;

jon^li^n,

entire, complete

;

bjiu|b,

shut,

;

]orT)-&|tuifc»,

surround,

shut

all around;

|nilAn5,

endure, suffer; ]on-)-

•pulAU5,

endure

;

]ort7C|toro, very

heavy. In

two

instances

it reverses

the

meaning

of the word

with which it

com-

pounded

;

as, lOrtjceACc,

depart;

from \oxx), and

coacc, to

come ; and

lon^ffiuc,

a counter-tide

; from ]ort7, and

ntuc,

current.

)o\),

a particle that expresses

fitness,

suitableness

;

as,

10i;^'l|t,

marriageable (from

]0i;,

fit

for, and

f*i|t,

gen. case

^•eA|t, a

man),

applied

to a maid

;

ioon)i;A,

applied to

young

man

(Irom

^on, and

rnuA,

the

gen.

case

of beAi), a

woman)

;

]o\-)\]xvo,

fit

to bear arms. Before past

participles

can

used

at pleasure.

It imparts

to such participles

the same

meaning that the

sufíix

able,"

ible"

(Latin,

hilis), gives to

English

words

;

as, ^c,

eat;

icce,

eaten;

]0\)-

icce,

eatable

(iit to

be eaten)

;

ol, drink;

oIca, drunk

;

loi;-

olcA,

drinkable (fit

to be

drunk)

;

n^ol, praise

;

ti^otcA,

praised

;

lourbolcA,

praiseable (fit

to be

praised)

;

3|t<vÓ (n.),

love;

3ttiv6u|5

(v.),

love thou;

5)iAbiii5ce,

loved;

^onjitA-

6ii]5ce, loveable (fit

to be

loved), deserving

of love

;

much

the

Latin amandus

;

and,

in this sense (as

far

the

Latin

participle ending

dus betokens

suitableness)

what

O'Molloy says

this prefix is true, that it has

the force

of the

Latin

particijde

of the

future

dus.

Whenever,

therefore,

a person translating

English into Irish

meets with

word

ending

in able,

he need only observe its root, learn its

Irish equiva-

lent, form the

past participle, and prefix

joij.

jot)

difiTers from the prefix

; for |*o

implies ease,

feasi-

bility

;

loi;,

fitness ; as in the annexed example

which

VO-óeAUCA

(easily done)

;

ioi;-fcieAi;cA

(fit

done),

arc

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISU.

243

contrasted

;

t)i'1

jac

riv

fo-6^AUcA,

|oi;-béAr)co>,

everything

that is

feasible, is not

suitable.

)r)

and ]0i7,

as found in

some compound words,

is a

form

the preposition Ar»),

;

as,

ioucoIuu^aó,

incarnation ;

from

(01)

(or

Aun),

in;

and

coIi)U5a6,

give

a (coIai))

body

to,

make

flesh;

]Ot)-TT)eoÓAi)AC (adj.), interior,

from within;

derived

from

]or),

in, and n^eoÓAt), middle;

Latin, medium

;

English,

mean;

]oi;3AT)ca|*

(pr.

ee-yan-tJias),

a wonder;

from

lor),

and

5Ai;cAf

(root,

5ixr), rare,

scarce),

a thing that

seldom

happens; ^r)lA0|5, in calf; as,

it;Iao|5,

a cow in

calf;

]Ot)n)Af, a

treasure,

valuable thing,

in which

n^eAi*

(estimation,

value) is

placed;

]r;c)T;r),

the brain; from

p),

and

ceAUT),

head.

joi)

intensifies;

as,

]0V)T,]\e]Tr),

persecution;

from ]oi),

and

5fie|n),

grasp.

The prefixes

lol,

joti),

toi),

are

written

published works and MSS.

il,

]iij,

]t),

when preceding a

slender

vowel.

Anxious to make Irish orthography

fixed,

we shall

write these

prefixes in

every

instance with the

broad vowel

jol,

and not

;

ion),

and

not

jrn

;

jon,

and not

in,

except the prep.

]

and

^^|,

in. It is desirable to adopt this form

for

the reason just assigned.

Besides ^o\

preferable to

il,

for

is synony.

mous

with

uile,

which

the broad

vowel

leading

feature,

and because

the

spelling

lol

prevails

more than

jl; and

lastly, the

spelling

lol

accords with

the

usual pronunciation

better than

that

jl. These

reasons

hold for ]oit>

and

JOT).

VOCABULARY-.

CAj&TteAti),

m, familiarity

;

from

Kucc,

stead, room, state

CO,

together,

and AicneAii),

dwelling. Welsh, caidreav.

Cavaó

(le]r),

was

met

;

the perf.

tense passive

cax,

to twist,

turn,

to twine,

to meet by

chance,

brandish

;

twist,

turn, a

winding,

wile.

]:A]ccfot,

m.fear;

»:A)ceAc,

timid,

shy.

5e]c, V,

tremble,

to show

signs of

fear.

leoij, a lion

;

Lat. leo

;

Gr. lean

;

Welch, llan;

Spanish, leon.

0)tteA&, m, a

quantity

;

much,

much

;

oifteAo

eA5lA,

so much

fear ;

ca rijeub cix

Ain,

how

much

for

Strj

onieAS

xo>

this much.

OjtteAft is

followed

A5ur,

its

contracted

form

A'r,

and

then signifies

much

as,

oifieAS

a'v" pei&itt

lionj

6eAt)AD, as much as

I can do.

tiucc

bi\jr,

in the

state of

death,

almost dead

;

c]-.\ at) \i'dc-:

b-FU)l

CIS,

what

state are

you?

SeAPHAc, a fox; Heb. shuhal ; from

reArj5,

slender, slim,

agile,

wily.

Following

the

spelling

its root,

written

reAorjAc ; according

sound,

rionnAC,

the

common

form.

ÍatiIa,

happened,

befel,

met; a

verb

def.

ÓAtalAó,

load,

a loading

corn or

hay

;

much

one

can

carry.

CAifbeiM),

show

;

-An-beAnAó, a

demonstration,

a showing, a vi-

sion.

CAjte,

dead

body;

bttAc

cAire,

winding-sheet

;

cAjriB da

ijAori),"

the relics

of the

saints.

oAibre

(iommonly pronounced

ihoW'

she)

a ghost, an apparition.

244

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

EXERCISE

LXY.—Hn

S]Onmit

215US 'ún

leOH.

THE FOX AND

THE

LION.

fioouAC

M)v

i)iv|t

cor)T)Anic (that

did not

see)

leon

A |i]ATT)

; bo cA|tlA

l\v t)-AOt) 5u|i

ca|*a6

le|f é,

A5Uf

TAii^ic

At)

oijteAb

1*11)

eA3lA

Aim

'^^

ceub uA]|t,

5u]i jtA^b

t*e

]tiicc

biv^f.

'MuA]|i

CAfAÓ

le]|*

ai)

&a|ia

uai]i,

tA]r)]c |:a]Cc]oí*

Ajit,

acc i:JÍo|t jejc

f^«

2li|i

caiiIu5aó

leii*

c|t]n7A6

UAift,

cua]8

]*e

|*UAf lei|*

A5U|*

biibA^itc

"C|AI)t)Of

b-piijl

cu."

3eii;eAi)t)

CAib]ieAri?,

biiocrijeAf.

2t)i,

ill, amiss

;

of the same meaning

the Saxon "mis;"

is a

negative prefix of frequent use

;

as, iv6,

fortune, luck

;

TT}T-^6,

misfortune, ill luck

;

]tv\i:,

success,

prosperous

issue

;

rr)]-]i'Si, calamity,

ill

success

;

5i)ioTt>,

act

; n)|-

^r)]on), an

act

done amiss;

n7]-clu, ill fame.

MeArb,

privative (spelled

r)ep in

ancient writings,

but

in Scotch Gaelic

present, invariably, i;eo)

;

as,

A]|teAc,

attentive; TpeAnj-ATjteAC,

inattentive;

cofArbAil,

like, similar;

ijeArb-cofArbAil,

unlike;

lei|*5,

sloth;

i)eArb-le]

fj,

courage,

spunk;

vup-p,

regard;

i)eArb-f*u]rt),

disregard; i)]6,

thing;

t)eArb-i)]6,

non-entity,

nothing, vanity,

a thing

without

sub-

stance or effect; as,

r)e^n)-r)]6

u]le

acc

AtiKv])) í)|a

niAfiAO

A3U|*

5|t<x6u5A6, all

is vanity

useless

thing)

but alone

serve and love

God.

Oil,

great ; of

kindred meaning with u]le,

all ; or

with

aU, prodigious, vast,

mighty

;

as, 0II-511C,

a loud

voice

;

oU-SDÍorbAC,

of daring deeds;

0II-5IÓJ1,

bombast, big

sound.

2111 is

found

as a

prefix in a few

words

;

as, All-biiA]&eAC,

mighty,

all-victorious;

All-rjeAttc,"

(of)

mighty

strength.

"XDo

buAió

't) HAiij 'b]

UA]Ue<.\c.

All-pcArir."

Which

won

from the

foe

(who)

was haughty

and (of)

mighty

strength.'

Which he won from

the

proud

invader."

Song

—

Let

Erin remember

the days

old."

Ko,

large,

very, too

much

;

as, |io-cii|iAn),

very

great

care;

|to-c]tAi),

large

tree;

]xo-n)|Atj,

great

wish;

]\o

bAjtcA,

the

influx

of the

tide.

Ho,

when fixed

adjectives,

imparts

them

the same

meaning

that

the

adverb

very"

in English,

does

to adjectives

before which it

placed ;

as,

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH. 245

|to-ivnb,

very high;

jio-rbóft,

over large. The

word jt^j,

king,

is employed as a

prefix

; as, ^]-^-rv^]t,

supremely

good

;

H15

differs in

meaning

from

|io,

the

latter denotes

excess, the former

excellence, superiority,

perfection

;

as,

civ Ai)

i)|6

]t|3-TT)Aié,

this thing is very good;

civ

At)

v]6

1*0

|to-i-bv\ic,

this

over good, too good.

SA]t,

augmentative, denoting

excellence,

superiority,

and

gives

therefore to adjectives

with which it enters into

composition

the

meaning attached to absolute

superlatives

;

as,

fiv|i-ri)A|c, exceedingly good

;

]*iv]i-Tt)A]|*eAC, exceedingly

handsome

;

-rX\jt-Apui8,

quite ripe

;

vM^-^iM^^^»

excellent

person

;

i-ivji-lAOc, a great

hero. Siv|i,

as a

noun,

means

worthy,

a hero,

leading

man, compounded, as

it were, of

fo,

worthy

;

and

eAft,

man.

this sense we

can easily

see

the meaning

of the Saxon word

Sir," and of the

Russian

tsar"

(or

zar"),

and

zarina," to

be a

superior

distinguished

person.

The prepositions

ei^^it,

T&ijt,

between

;

^o,

under

;

|to]rbe,

before

;

citdcioU,

around;

cAjt, over;

cit]b,

through;

are

sometimes

employed as

prefixes.

(See

Twenty-ninth

Lesson.)

So are

]^]i and |-eAc,

either

adverb or pre-

position.

JAji,

after,

behind, western

;

as,

]A|t-b|teic,

the

after-birth

;

IA|t-bu]lle,

a blow

from

behind ;

-iA]t-6eA|*,

the

south-west

(west-south)

}

^A|t-cuAc, the north-west

;

]A]i-n)U]|i,

the

Atlantic

;

]A|i-6oi)r), brownish, after-brown

;

from

bom,

brown

;

and

-[Ajt,

after, left, remaining

;

-|A|t-5U]r),

grief,

pain; from ^a]!, and 5U]t),

sting, a wound; ]a|15cuIca,

wild, remote,^ deserted,

western ; from ]A]i, and

cul,

corner

;

j<v|t-Coi)T)Acc,

West Connaught.

JA|tlA,

an earl; as

it were

fA^t,

after, inferior; and ^^lAjr,

a prince, a chief,

one in rank next to

chieftain or

prince.

JAjif-lA^c,

feudatory

prince, is the

Irish

of Jarlath, the

Saint

who is

patron

of the diocese of Tuam.

SeAC, anciently

]*ec (Latin, secus), beside, apart,

out

the

way

;

as, |*eAc

piAt^A,

out of the

way

of pain,

not

having

to endure pain

;

|*eACA]i;,

avoid, shun ; from ]*eAc

and pAr),

stay,

keep

—

i.e.,

keep

aside, avoid

;

yec^c--^A]]i]n),

I call

aside

;

feAc-lAbitAO,

allegory,

discourse

having

meaning

beside or

apart from

that

which the

plain

words

246

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

present to tlie mind.

Se^c

the

root

the

English

words

sex,

sect

;

and

the Latin

seco, I

cut,

separate,

sunder,

divide,

rend, and of all its

derivatives.

SeAC, n, means

turn,

bout;

Cv\b<v]|t

feAH) ]*eAC,

give

me a bout,

or turn;

]:a

fCvXC,

turns.

The

term

|*eAC, a

turn, a twist,

is still in

common

use

amongst

those of the

country people

who

indulge in

smoking

;

as,

cAbA^jv

6A117

feAC,

give me a

smoke.

VOCABULARY.

SlttjA&An,

a fool.

'ilr-\i,

an ass ;

Latin, asellus,

young

ass.

Coftf\ui5, V,

stir, move; secondary

meaning, excite, arouse

;

endea-

vour

;

corirtuja

At) CAlAii),

the earth shook

;

co|\twc.\ó,

would

stir.

t5'A

bfti5

rjn,

therefore

;

b' for

be,

of;

A, its poss.

pronoun;

Bnio,

virtue,

force,

power;

rin,

that;

literally,

reason

the force

of that ; see,

therefore,"

240.

loibcuti,

to carry

;

carry one-

self, therefore

signifies deport,

behave.

—

carriage, deportment.

*^in3e>

office, post,

situation (Ar-

moric,

0])^^\c').

0]f]r,Q.\c,

officer, one

holding an

office.

SocAl, m,

arrogance,

overbearing im-

pudence. So-AlAc,

adj., proud,

saucy,

impudent ; ijac

t"caU\c

cu,

how impudent yon are.

SleAcc,

V, to

bow down,

bend,

pros-

trate,

adore

;

n^ti

fierce bo

beAl,

that did not

bend the

knee

Baal

;

rv),\ fleAcbAnr),

6An),

if thou

fall

down (and

adore)

me.

CA]ibe;\n,

v, show

;

prove

manifest

;

reveal.

21iU^n

cAirbeApcA,

shew-

bread.

CA]rbeAn>^ó,

shewing

;

cA]rbei\t)bA|a,

perf tense

third

person

plural

;

rAirbeADbA^i

i)a

bAoine,

the

people

shewed.

U|on)i\jn, V,

drive, to chase; Aj5

c)on)ixinc

(participle),

driving

;

íreAn-cion)CM)CA (a

mau-of-dii-

ving),

a driver.

EXERCISE

LXVL

2li)

c-21|-aI

A5ur

Oipi^e.

i)o

ai^aI

A15 lonjcuji

iotT7Ai5

c|ii6

bAjle

Ai|t|8e

A^uf

cA]]*beivi)&A|i

i)A

bAO|i;e A

n)óó

A15 fleACCAÓ

60.

Sv\0|l

Ai)

c-A]*aI

5U|i

6o-pé]n

C115A6

(was given) ai;)

oi;ó|p.

<D'a

b[t|5

I'll),

líM) be

focAl

^y\

cojtiiócAÓ

|*e (he

would

not stir)

coy.

2lcc

bo lei\5

At)

peA

|i-c| on? ^i}c

ai|i

le n)A]be,

71ÍV6 :

Arr)AbA]U

bcACAjS,

óii|c-fe

acc bo

10rnA|5

civ cu

AI5

ioii)cii]i

c;\ib

A]5

CA]fbei\t)A6

mo6.

2t)eArAi)i)

bAOjue

fAob-céiljó

511]!

bó|b-fé|i)

cAirbeí\i;cAii

AI)

n}06

]\'

5i;ac

cAbAijic

b'A

i>o[f'|5e.

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

247

FORTIETH

LESSON.

the

two

foregoing

Lessons liave

been

shown the mean-

ing

and

use

Llsh

prefixes, or those particles that go

before

the

root—in

this we

shall treat of

the partMes that

come

after the

root—

suffixes or

affixes.

The

suffixes are,

like the

prefixes, of two

kinds- either

simple

words or

fragments of simple words,

•

mere letter-

endinys, as

they are

called,

terminations.

When a

prefix

or suffix

combined

with

word, the term

arising

from

the

union

called

derivative, the

word

from which it

has

sprung

primitive.

Derivative

is, in

relation, opposed

primitive

;

compound, to

simple. For instance, ^eA]tAri)Ail,

manly,

primitive, in

relation to

-peAitArblACc,

manliness,

which

comes

from

it ;

Avhile it

is,

the

same

time,

itself a deriva-

tive from

feAjt,

man,

the stem

from which,

by adding

Arr)A]l, it

has

been

formed.

derivatives, as we

observed in treating of

compounds

(37th

Lesson,

210),

Nouns, Adjectives,

and

Verbs

are

the

leading

families.

These spring

from

nouns

roots,

adjectives,

rarely from verbs;

for it is from things

and their

qualities that

mankind

first

formed notions or

ideas,

and

therefore

the names

of such things and of their

qualities

were

the earliest

germs

of human

speech, in the

genealogy

which

history and

philology point

out Keltic as

one

the

earliest ofFshoots.

From nouns are formed

adjectives.

These end in

attjajI,

n7A[i, AC,

]ó,

&A,

or 6a,

2iíÍ7A]l,

like.

Nouns.

Adjeetiv(s

"pAllce,

welcome.

"PAilceAri^Ail,

3^AU,

atfection,

fondness.

O^'^^'^'-^ri^Ajl,

friend-like,

amia-

_ble,

'SnH'^,

grace,

favor.

^riAf^^mAil,

graceful.

?i)eAf,

respect. -

2t)eArAri)A]l, respectable.

2t)o6, esteem.

2t)o6ATT7Ail, estimable.

"Cil^eAiti^A,

a lord.

'C]5eA]xijArbAil, lordly.

'Cp.'Az,

occasion,

fit time.

'C|i^cAn)A]l, opportunely.

This suffix ArijA]!

written

in Scotch Gaelic

ai!, eil,

a fornn which

has,

some instances,

been imicated

by Irish writers

—

lojig,

for

instance,

248

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

his

Irish

Prayer-book.

In Irish poetry,

aiÍ)aiI

becomes

a'jI

whenever

its

monosyllabic

sound

nil is

required to meet the requirements

of poetic mea-

sure.

Philologists cannot

fad to perceive

that aií)A|1

is the

root

of the Latia

ending alis, ale,

and its

derived

forms

in the Romance and English lan-

guages.

2t)A|t5

which

some

suppose to be the

particle rrjAji

(conjunc-

tion) as

;

while

others derive it, as in

Erse,

from

tt)ó]t,

great.

Nouns.

Adjectives.

216,

luck.

2lórnA|t,

lucky

; in Scotch

Gaelic,

AOrboji.

Btti5,

virtue,

vigour,

force.

BIl15rbv^Tt,

vigorous,

solid,

sub-

stantial,

forcible, efficacious.

Ceol,

music.

CeolTTjAii,

musical.

OAb, jeaiousy.

^.\hú)i^\\,

jealous,

"peoil,

flesh.

"peolrbAH,

fleshy.

"puAC, hatred. puAerijAjt,

hateful.

3^^6,

love.

0]tv\6iT)A|t,

loving,

fond.

I,u5, power of motion,

strength.

Lu5rT)A|t,

vigorous, powerful,

muscular.

)ó,

6A317A,

wisdom.

6A3nAi6,

wise,

CiaU,

sense; genitive case,

CejliO, sensible,

wise.

ce]lle.

<t)A (asp.

6a)

ca.

2lin7fi|i,

weather, time, portion

%\rx)X]]i6í^,

temporal, ending

of;

hire,

A^it

Ain7|*nt,

ser-

with

time, opposed to

fioji-

vice,

i.e.,

on time,"

per-

iiAi6e,

eternal,

forming

service

for

limit-

period.

Cojtp, a body. Co|tpo|t6A,

bodily,

corporal.

i)lA,

God. Í)1a6a,

divine.

MeATt), heaven. MeAiÍ76A,

heavenly;

013

rje-

att)6a,

heavenly muse

(maid)

—

Homer, Iliad 1.

'Píjieut),

one of

the faithful.

'^íjteuucA, righteous.

0[t,

gold.

Ó|i6a,

golden.

2lc

(eAC, after

slender

vowel).

BeAjtc, an action,

exploit BeAjtcAC, tricky,

wily,

(good

or bad).