Бородулин В.И., Ланцман М.Н. Справочник: Болезни. Синдромы. Симптомы
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'0/?0C)0/0=0?0/;
D00')0/0(0/)0>)000&(;
/+00&)05')0?, )00/0
800?+00?+00?+0*?+00;
'0)),)0)480,-0?&)=0480/8(;
=0/ =0 0/ ,0?00 )
?=00=0&)8=000 0/0/;
0OPQ00 0//4,-0?0004/
'000?+400/)0?,0 8
')00&;/&800',0//4)0 0.
000&0EP<E:P0++00
"!
$#
(
0 <0 0 0 8)
0/'00+00 )00/),-+0&>0
?+0/'0&?)00(>004/ M0&08/);
,0?+0+44/ 0/=08&(,-,000;
04/ =0/0/00+>=0 +00+
&0 )0 0 ?+80 /'0 <0 +80 ;
0+/00&0/0004/ =0+
0EPQ0 04),-)00++
? ,0,00( ,0?+0/'05)0?+
/'0?)00+0/00+/=0/0?;
80 C+>D0 0 +/0 ?+) )0 0 /0 )+
8>00+)080/)000+04/ 08&(;
0400C040+44/ 0/D00
04/ 00'0&')00+/0)0;
?+0 +40 ?0 0 ()=0 >0 0 ( ,
*0@+0+>)0/ 80 8&=000 0 /0 &U+
/000?+8=00?)0/ )0/
FF
3%0.!
6 )0?+0/'00?+00&>00&;
804)0+/0+40&800C08&(,-0/0;
(,0 /'D=0 +>/0 0 /40 &/0 0 0 ;
?+80 0&?,)0+&8=080+00 +0@+&
0&>000&-)0?+0004;
/ 0/'0/00>,000'=08;
400?00?+0?+800-800
*0?+0+44/ 0/0>)0)0;
')0004/ =000 0?)08&(,;
-)000?+
0))0/),)0?++0;
?+8=00?'00)?8+00 +0?+804);
+05)0?+0+44/ 0/0)))0+;
++04/ 0/ 0/ 0C 0 =
=0/=0'D0800( 0?+0/'0+;
00 0+(000/U))0(04&05/0/
( )0?+040 0)48(0>0/
+=00+0 04/ 0(/0C+0
D0 1&8
&8(00?+004/ 0/'0 -00,
))+00/ A0&80+ ,0/8>00/'&;
00? 0?=000&>0?+0400M
?+480 80
=0 80 +0 4)0
/04/ 0/ 0/'00)/0 ;
0&/,04&8=0)?800+&@+&)+00
+?=0 =0?=0 00/
5+04-00?+0&0/000&+
-0 ?)0 &40 0 0 ?+0 /0
0 4/ 0 ,0 ',0 0 +4&8(0 +4;
(0*0'08)))0 0>+=0/0+0;
0>0? 0/)0 )0/?0?+80/'0+
@/)0600?8+)0+?)0)0<
?8>)0 @/++=0 /0 C&0 F0 /D0 (
/)0+0,-0C0 =0 0 00&+0?&'+
.=04,-)00&8 +0 00+/=0 )00<
K;0/)0&?D0?+8000?+80+40/00;
+-,0 @(/=0 ?),-0 8)0 /?,0 C/;
80/4)D0004/ 000 =0 ;
80+&?
" &8(0 0 40 0 ?+0 /'
(/00+/0/00+00
? 00*0)08(0?0/ 0;
/ 0C(/)=0/8>00(/&D0)000&(;
/+00?+40( 0 )=0008+
+/+0 )0?+00))0*0?+=04
)48+0 +)+0 0 8+0 +&?+0 0 '/,-+
+&@+&)+=0040 0?+0+44/ 0 /
( 0 0+40&80?/004?8+0?;
)+050?, )00 0?+800/(0?/0+;
/000/0)0?+800/,-+
>+M00+44/ 0/
%33
FL
*?
00?+0/'0+=0000;
0-08>00?80/'00<EP;0/0?&;
)0*0( 00?+0/'=0,-0&?0;
4=0?00&)M00?0(/>)00;
)+0 8(0 ?0 / 0 / 0 &)
?00 +>/00&/0?+(=0&0 0;
4),-()0/ 8+0+&?+=04/ 8+0>)+
+0/'00)40/ 0/ ,
*
/00+))+=08+0
/4/0
(
=0
$
=0
$
0T0&8(00?>+)08+0+0+/0;
000+0&,/00++0>0/;
04+00 00+0C/0+)0 0&'D
0+0? 0&0?;,-0+
C=0@00/D
"#
CA0+D0<00?&?8(0 ;
(0)=0008(040+>0/4)0+;
&00CD0@'000? ,0+0/0;
0C+ D=08>0?>)0@'0C+;
D00>)0(0&?)
/C5D
51E6
455144
0?0/0+=0;
4/,-()0>+0'08(0/=0 0?
(0 0 C -0 0 40 4/ ;> 0 =
+=0(D=000004)(0&+
0/=00>)(0+?
*000CEPPP0+00&D00 00+
0 0 +0 8,0?0
0
0
)0+)0(?)0&/,0400/+8(0?8(0&;
=0&,=04+=0(,00=044/=0>++0 >(=
(/8+0+0+=0 -8+0/8(+0C 0&+=0?+
(8+D=0?+04+0.00+80=0 8+0;
+0&0)0C/8+D=0 +0>++00(0 ;
(08>)0/'=0?&4/+=0+),-+)0&+ 8+0;
)+=0 /0 =0 '?+=0 /+0 0 0 +40 8)))
/)0+0
,-
=0 0/0/00>& 0/0;
0 +/0 *(/0 )0 ? 0 0 4?
CKPP0 +0 0 &D0 0 +++0 0 + )0 &>0 '?=
/0'0+800/0+'=0'?
" 0 0 0 ?+-0 0 0 /+
@0),0&U+0',-00C5!D00+-,0;
)0? 00(/0)=00,?8=0,;
=00'0&+0,0800C0;
08>0E0D=0/4,0,0+0?+)+=00;
,=0 0 &+=0 0 40 80 80 0 &U+=
?)-+00 800*0?0/'04?00;
/,-+0? ,0804?
* ? 0 ?0 0 /0 )=0 &U+0 ;
0 =0 +8(0 ?+40 ?+0 0
&00+?
FF
3%0.!
6 )0?+0/'00?+00&>00&;
804)0+/0+40&800C08&(,-0/0;
(,0 /'D=0 +>/0 0 /40 &/0 0 0 ;
?+80 0&?,)0+&8=080+00 +0@+&
0&>000&-)0?+0004;
/ 0/'0/00>,000'=08;
400?00?+0?+800-800
*0?+0+44/ 0/0>)0)0;
')0004/ =000 0?)08&(,;
-)000?+
0))0/),)0?++0;
?+8=00?'00)?8+00 +0?+804);
+05)0?+0+44/ 0/0)))0+;
++04/ 0/ 0/ 0C 0 =
=0/=0'D0800( 0?+0/'0+;
00 0+(000/U))0(04&05/0/
( )0?+040 0)48(0>0/
+=00+0 04/ 0(/0C+0
D0 1&8
&8(00?+004/ 0/'0 -00,
))+00/ A0&80+ ,0/8>00/'&;
00? 0?=000&>0?+0400M
?+480 80
=0 80 +0 4)0
/04/ 0/ 0/'00)/0 ;
0&/,04&8=0)?800+&@+&)+00
+?=0 =0?=0 00/
5+04-00?+0&0/000&+
-0 ?)0 &40 0 0 ?+0 /0
0 4/ 0 ,0 ',0 0 +4&8(0 +4;
(0*0'08)))0 0>+=0/0+0;
0>0? 0/)0 )0/?0?+80/'0+
@/)0600?8+)0+?)0)0<
?8>)0 @/++=0 /0 C&0 F0 /D0 (
/)0+0,-0C0 =0 0 00&+0?&'+
.=04,-)00&8 +0 00+/=0 )00<
K;0/)0&?D0?+8000?+80+40/00;
+-,0 @(/=0 ?),-0 8)0 /?,0 C/;
80/4)D0004/ 000 =0 ;
80+&?
" &8(0 0 40 0 ?+0 /'
(/00+/0/00+00
? 00*0)08(0?0/ 0;
/ 0C(/)=0/8>00(/&D0)000&(;
/+00?+40( 0 )=0008+
+/+0 )0?+00))0*0?+=04
)48+0 +)+0 0 8+0 +&?+0 0 '/,-+
+&@+&)+=0040 0?+0+44/ 0 /
( 0 0+40&80?/004?8+0?;
)+050?, )00 0?+800/(0?/0+;
/000/0)0?+800/,-+
>+M00+44/ 0/
%33
FL
*?
00?+0/'0+=0000;
0-08>00?80/'00<EP;0/0?&;
)0*0( 00?+0/'=0,-0&?0;
4=0?00&)M00?0(/>)00;
)+0 8(0 ?0 / 0 / 0 &)
?00 +>/00&/0?+(=0&0 0;
4),-()0/ 8+0+&?+=04/ 8+0>)+
+0/'00)40/ 0/ ,
*
/00+))+=08+0
/4/0
(
=0
$
=0
$
0T0&8(00?>+)08+0+0+/0;
000+0&,/00++0>0/;
04+00 00+0C/0+)0 0&'D
0+0? 0&0?;,-0+
C=0@00/D
"#
CA0+D0<00?&?8(0 ;
(0)=0008(040+>0/4)0+;
&00CD0@'000? ,0+0/0;
0C+ D=08>0?>)0@'0C+;
D00>)0(0&?)
/C5D
51E6
455144
0?0/0+=0;
4/,-()0>+0'08(0/=0 0?
(0 0 C -0 0 40 4/ ;> 0 =
+=0(D=000004)(0&+
0/=00>)(0+?
*000CEPPP0+00&D00 00+
0 0 +0 8,0?0
0
0
)0+)0(?)0&/,0400/+8(0?8(0&;
=0&,=04+=0(,00=044/=0>++0 >(=
(/8+0+0+=0 -8+0/8(+0C 0&+=0?+
(8+D=0?+04+0.00+80=0 8+0;
+0&0)0C/8+D=0 +0>++00(0 ;
(08>)0/'=0?&4/+=0+),-+)0&+ 8+0;
)+=0 /0 =0 '?+=0 /+0 0 0 +40 8)))
/)0+0
,-
=0 0/0/00>& 0/0;
0 +/0 *(/0 )0 ? 0 0 4?
CKPP0 +0 0 &D0 0 +++0 0 + )0 &>0 '?=
/0'0+800/0+'=0'?
" 0 0 0 ?+-0 0 0 /+
@0),0&U+0',-00C5!D00+-,0;
)0? 00(/0)=00,?8=0,;
=00'0&+0,0800C0;
08>0E0D=0/4,0,0+0?+)+=00;
,=0 0 &+=0 0 40 80 80 0 &U+=
?)-+00 800*0?0/'04?00;
/,-+0? ,0804?
* ? 0 ?0 0 /0 )=0 &U+0 ;
0 =0 +8(0 ?+40 ?+0 0
&00+?
FB
%33
014 5514 40 )))0 /+0 ;
8(0 ? 8(0 0 ?0 0 4/ ;>
=0+=0?U)?>()0+/8(0?0 /050/)
0-,0?04?00?+004,00;
&00+?
)0004?/'0;
+0C+04D
T)0 +/'(0 &0 /480 &80 80 4/
008)00 0 80 =0040;
0/'04?0C+/,)0 80 4?00 0<
0&0+)'0/0+0+&0@'00/4)
4?0080D
/ B5 BD
4; 3 C5 1 E ?,00(0;
)(=0/0?>0@'0&/0/0(0+
+?00+ (0+)(0+40&808?00';
,0+(0@'=0 -04/=000@'8+
+0C0+0&0(D05&-0/)0(0+
+ (0+0?0+ &80&808>8+0
$C 0''000&/0'0&&
0)4+0+?00?+04(=0+D=08>8+
8/+0&0 +00&8(000+ =0/0;
+&+)0 0+&)0 ,-+0?++0 '0 +;
D=00400'0@'0C 0 0;
'=0(+?)0@'=0@&?00+?00/D
"/51@0)?800?+)+0@;
'=0 , ,0 +',0 + ,0 +,0 C0 &;
?0 %<9D=0 '80 + 0 +=
+0',0+ ,0+,=0+&00/
%')0+ )0+)0<0( 0?&;
=0 /+0 0 /++0 =0 8)))0 &8 0 0 >+
/+0 0 ,>+0 ?0 58+0 +0 ?+
0 )),)0 4>0 4=0 0 0 ?8(0 & =0 ;
00+40+))M0&=0/8>=0/0C -004-D
0?,-0+ 0?800&)+00+0/&
04 00T0&>0&8(0 0?M0;
0 0&,/)0080&8(00/+00&8(0;
)))0()0/+')0'0 0*0&/0&;
4,0+,0+,=0?0+?00'0@;
'0 C/40 '0 0 /0 PQ0 0 &D=0 0 4
'?0 C+>80 &U+0 @'=0 +,-(0 >/,
+D0040(0+ 008)0 04;
(0?)0 0&/0&008)0?;
0?&)00/050+ / 0 )0<0;
@+)0 *0 840 +0 0 /0 )40 +
?0?00@'0+80 * ? 00 ;
+0@+0&)8
5')0 + )0 +)0 40 )))0 /;
8+0?&+0 0(?)0 +00 08>0 ;
0@'00+80C'D0 )0;
00 00+004=000+'0+;
0+
%33
FO
+&0 &80 +0 0 @'(0 +8(
C (0 0 &8 8(D0 +&0 C 80 +&;
D0 0 >+0 &?)0 '0 +0 +&
C 80 +&D0 0 8+0 +&)+
))=0+=0/; )0+)=00 8+0<
+)080+80+&0 00));
,)=0/0,00)48+0+ +0?+0C4(=0;
(/=0D=0&,-+0+/0?'
+516
00+0))0?+;
)0 )0+&)0C0&?0%8<%D=0/)0;
0(0)000@'=0&/,-(08>0 ;
,00++0++0?+8M0+ 0+
C++8=0 ?++800++8D=0&804/;
+0@'0+M0+ 0+=0)?800+( ;
+04/+0@'=0 0&,/)=0+=00?;
)000+0M0 0+=08
+0?)008(0 '8(0&?)(=0+0>+;
?=0+)00+0&8 04/,)04>8+0>;
+0 40 0 /+8(0 ?8(0 & =0 @+0 (0 /0 /;
'0 0 ?&)+0 0 C/),0 /40 +&0
'0 &&D0 3?0 &8(0 +)0 +8+0 48+0 )))
0 80 +0 *0 ?+0 0 +&
? ,00@'0+8M0 0+ (0+=
&8(04/+0@'0+=0-))00;
+-,0,/=0++/=0/)0@+,
*0 )4+0 0 + 0 +0 ?+40 + )
C+ )D0+000?)0&000++;
0+ 0+068+0 ?+0 + 0 C;
+ D0 +80 )),)0 0 ?)=0 (/)=0 ;
)0 4(=0 )=0 M0 0 0 40 /4
@'=0 ? 0 8>0 0 )+0 &&
80 0 2(0 &8(0 &(/+0 ?0 *;
?00+0 +0 0&)8
/ B4 4
;36
08/),0/'8=0 0C ;
D00+ 0+
.'80+0+0&808?80/ ,0(0;
0 )=0 0 4?0 C4?/'80 +D=0 +
E
00)00C+&80+D
-/<3@
0++08(08>0+;
(=0+0&80+8+=000)?8+00>)+0;
)=00@/8+00/(0 )(0+80+0&8,0;
/'8+=0008?8+0/'+04?=0&=0+0
E
0 /0 0 -04?/'80+08?8,)0@/;
0/ ,0 4?00 (/0/0/
)04?00++0000?+=0 0+4
&,/)00?'04/=0> =0 @=0+0;
8(0 =0 ,-(0 80 4?M0 /0 8;
>0&0?+00 4?=0 +00/00 ;
(/+0?0C&00/ D=00/0&+00'=
0 ?0 8>0 0 4?0 C+=0 0 +0 0 &
) (0'((0004+0+D
FB
%33
014 5514 40 )))0 /+0 ;
8(0 ? 8(0 0 ?0 0 4/ ;>
=0+=0?U)?>()0+/8(0?0 /050/)
0-,0?04?00?+004,00;
&00+?
)0004?/'0;
+0C+04D
T)0 +/'(0 &0 /480 &80 80 4/
008)00 0 80 =0040;
0/'04?0C+/,)0 80 4?00 0<
0&0+)'0/0+0+&0@'00/4)
4?0080D
/ B5 BD
4; 3 C5 1 E ?,00(0;
)(=0/0?>0@'0&/0/0(0+
+?00+ (0+)(0+40&808?00';
,0+(0@'=0 -04/=000@'8+
+0C0+0&0(D05&-0/)0(0+
+ (0+0?0+ &80&808>8+0
$C 0''000&/0'0&&
0)4+0+?00?+04(=0+D=08>8+
8/+0&0 +00&8(000+ =0/0;
+&+)0 0+&)0 ,-+0?++0 '0 +;
D=00400'0@'0C 0 0;
'=0(+?)0@'=0@&?00+?00/D
"/51@0)?800?+)+0@;
'=0 , ,0 +',0 + ,0 +,0 C0 &;
?0 %<9D=0 '80 + 0 +=
+0',0+ ,0+,=0+&00/
%')0+ )0+)0<0( 0?&;
=0 /+0 0 /++0 =0 8)))0 &8 0 0 >+
/+0 0 ,>+0 ?0 58+0 +0 ?+
0 )),)0 4>0 4=0 0 0 ?8(0 & =0 ;
00+40+))M0&=0/8>=0/0C -004-D
0?,-0+ 0?800&)+00+0/&
04 00T0&>0&8(0 0?M0;
0 0&,/)0080&8(00/+00&8(0;
)))0()0/+')0'0 0*0&/0&;
4,0+,0+,=0?0+?00'0@;
'0 C/40 '0 0 /0 PQ0 0 &D=0 0 4
'?0 C+>80 &U+0 @'=0 +,-(0 >/,
+D0040(0+ 008)0 04;
(0?)0 0&/0&008)0?;
0?&)00/050+ / 0 )0<0;
@+)0 *0 840 +0 0 /0 )40 +
?0?00@'0+80 * ? 00 ;
+0@+0&)8
5')0 + )0 +)0 40 )))0 /;
8+0?&+0 0(?)0 +00 08>0 ;
0@'00+80C'D0 )0;
00 00+004=000+'0+;
0+
%33
FO
+&0 &80 +0 0 @'(0 +8(
C (0 0 &8 8(D0 +&0 C 80 +&;
D0 0 >+0 &?)0 '0 +0 +&
C 80 +&D0 0 8+0 +&)+
))=0+=0/; )0+)=00 8+0<
+)080+80+&0 00));
,)=0/0,00)48+0+ +0?+0C4(=0;
(/=0D=0&,-+0+/0?'
+516
00+0))0?+;
)0 )0+&)0C0&?0%8<%D=0/)0;
0(0)000@'=0&/,-(08>0 ;
,00++0++0?+8M0+ 0+
C++8=0 ?++800++8D=0&804/;
+0@'0+M0+ 0+=0)?800+( ;
+04/+0@'=0 0&,/)=0+=00?;
)000+0M0 0+=08
+0?)008(0 '8(0&?)(=0+0>+;
?=0+)00+0&8 04/,)04>8+0>;
+0 40 0 /+8(0 ?8(0 & =0 @+0 (0 /0 /;
'0 0 ?&)+0 0 C/),0 /40 +&0
'0 &&D0 3?0 &8(0 +)0 +8+0 48+0 )))
0 80 +0 *0 ?+0 0 +&
? ,00@'0+8M0 0+ (0+=
&8(04/+0@'0+=0-))00;
+-,0,/=0++/=0/)0@+,
*0 )4+0 0 + 0 +0 ?+40 + )
C+ )D0+000?)0&000++;
0+ 0+068+0 ?+0 + 0 C;
+ D0 +80 )),)0 0 ?)=0 (/)=0 ;
)0 4(=0 )=0 M0 0 0 40 /4
@'=0 ? 0 8>0 0 )+0 &&
80 0 2(0 &8(0 &(/+0 ?0 *;
?00+0 +0 0&)8
/ B4 4
;36
08/),0/'8=0 0C ;
D00+ 0+
.'80+0+0&808?80/ ,0(0;
0 )=0 0 4?0 C4?/'80 +D=0 +
E
00)00C+&80+D
-/<3@
0++08(08>0+;
(=0+0&80+8+=000)?8+00>)+0;
)=00@/8+00/(0 )(0+80+0&8,0;
/'8+=0008?8+0/'+04?=0&=0+0
E
0 /0 0 -04?/'80+08?8,)0@/;
0/ ,0 4?00 (/0/0/
)04?00++0000?+=0 0+4
&,/)00?'04/=0> =0 @=0+0;
8(0 =0 ,-(0 80 4?M0 /0 8;
>0&0?+00 4?=0 +00/00 ;
(/+0?0C&00/ D=00/0&+00'=
0 ?0 8>0 0 4?0 C+=0 0 +0 0 &
) (0'((0004+0+D
LP
%33
T0&0+ ,)0&=0&8)0+)+=0&/0;
40 0 /+8(0 ?8(0 & =0 ?0 0 >+0 0 >(=0 ;
4=0 /8>=0 /'&0 0 ? 0 ? 0 ?=
0?8+80+ 0>+8=08>+80/0&,0/'
0)+0068040?+)00C+=0 ;
=0 4&?)0 +D=0 8/0 M0 + ,)0 =
?/=0'80?+)0/ ;/0+8004;
/ ;> 0 =0 ?-0 0 C/0 =0 (+=
8=0/=0+D00?(=00)/0 0/? 0))=00 ;
=0
* 0 0 0 + )0 (+)0 +)0 <
40 /4)0 +&0 0 ?0 '0 ?0 CP=F<
P=K 0 4D=0 ?'?0 0 '?=0 40 /4)0 4?
0 80
" 0000 80+000/;
',0/'04?0C+004?D
* 0 4?/'0 +0 /)0 0 '=
(/)-(00800C/8=0/0/,-0=04-8
+00/D03+0? ,0804?00+8(0/?(M
+/)0 -=0 &)0 &+=0 ++=0 4?+0 0 /+
+@++0C+)=08D
*0/ 0+0
E
00CD0080?;
460*;
0
E
;/'0 +0 )))0 0 0
0<0+=08&8+0?0& 04;
/0000&(/+0/)0)0>0;
00<0+0
E
=00/'000+0+?0;
>)0 ?0 @&0 *0 @+0 ?80 0 C+;
&8D0 &=0 0 0 ,0 '80 @'80 <
+'8=0/,-)04/+0+?0* +0/;
'0+0
E
0+40&80)0?0& 04/0C;
&0 )0 D=0 ?')0 4/=0 80 ?&)
> =0/00/8(0 =0)0?)=0/;
0 +0
E
00-8(0/(0C/4)00+)=0&;
&8(D
)0
E
;/')0+)0C? )=00';
?)D0 )00'00?0>0:P0=0?)0
0 (?)0 4+0 0 0 C&8(
&)0/8>=0&-)0&=0/'&D=0-0C;
0=04 0&00)?8=0&004=0?8=08D
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4000 0)?80CI80)?8JD=08/;
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%33
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0+0+?08)),)00&>+0 0+&8
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8(D=00'00>+08)00800&8(0;
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@ (007/'80+0,0 =
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;/'8M0400+800&8000;
+ ,)0?0(+0+0C 0&>(0@'D=
8)),)0 0 )/80 '8=0 +')0 (
)/00+&')M00+0+?0<0+&80*0;
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1 C1E
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8(=0/48(08(0/=0&=0;
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40/40(0+8(0@+=00+0+?04)
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+)=0/0>/0+'0&=0/0/
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0 /D=08?8,-(00)
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