Богатиков А.Н., Красицкий В.А., Лапков К.Н. и др. Сборник задач, вопросов и упражнений по общей неорганической химии
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131
2. DZd \]jmiiZoV-we_f_glh\baf_gyxlky jZ^bmkuZlhfh\ wg_j]by
bhgbaZpbb kjh^kl\h d we_dljhgm we_dljhhljbpZl_evghklv" DZd
wlbZlhfgu_oZjZdl_jbklbdbbaf_gyxlkyijbi_j_oh^_hl,dh,,
]jmii_\ij_^_eZoh^gh]hi_jbh^Z"
3. Ijb\_klbijbf_jukh_^bg_gbcs_ehqguof_lZeeh\kjZaebqgufb
lbiZfbobfbq_kdhck\yab
4. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_ kihkh[ghklvs-we_f_glh\ h[jZah\u\Zlvdhhj^b
gZpbhggu_kh_^bg_gby
5. H[tykgbl_ \aZbfgh_ jZkiheh`_gb_ s_ehqguo f_lZeeh\ \ we_d
ljhobfbq_kdhfjy^mgZijy`_gbcf_lZeeh\
6. Bkoh^ybaiheh`_gby%Hb0J\we_dljhobfbq_kdhfjy^mgZijy
`_gbcf_lZeeh\ hoZjZdl_jbamcl_bo kihkh[ghklvd\aZbfh^_ckl
\bxk\h^hc
7. H[hkgmcl_ \hafh`ghklv ihemq_gby s_ehqguo f_lZeeh\ obfbq_
kdbfiml_fGZibrbl_khhl\_lkl\mxsb_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc
8. DZdbaf_gyxlkyhkgh\gu_k\hckl\Zhdkb^h\b]b^jhdkb^h\s-we_-
f_glh\ihf_j_m\_ebq_gbyihjy^dh\h]hghf_jZwe_f_glZ"GZib
rbl_ j_Zdpbb oZjZdl_jbamxsb_ Zfnhl_jgu_ k\hckl\Z hdkb^Z b
]b^jhdkb^Z[_jbeeby
9. JZkkfhljbl_ obfbq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z ]b^jb^h\ s-we_f_glh\ DZdb_
hkh[_gghklb kljh_gby ]b^jb^Z [_jbeeby" GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby
j_Zdpbc\aZbfh^_ckl\by/L+b%D+
2
k\h^hcbjZa[Z\e_gghc+&O
10. DZdb_ ijhp_kku ijhl_dZxl ijb we_dljheba_ jZkieZ\Z 1D&O ijb
we_dljheba_jZkl\hjZ1D&l?
11. DZdb_kh_^bg_gbyh[jZamxlkyijb\aZbfh^_ckl\bbV-we_f_glh\k
dbkehjh^hf"DZdb_bhgugZoh^ylky\maeZodjbklZeebq_kdboj_
r_lhd/L
2
O, Na
2
O
2
, KO
2
, KO
3
, BaO, BaO
2
" Hij_^_ebl_ kl_i_gv
hdbke_gbywe_f_glh\\wlbokh_^bg_gbyoHoZjZdl_jbamcl_hdbk
ebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z kh_^bg_gbc s-we_f_glh\ k
dbkehjh^hf
12. KieZ\gZljbykg_ba\_klgufs_ehqguf f_lZeehfh[s_cfZkkhc
]jZkl\hjbeb\\h^_fZkkhc]<j_amevlZl_j_Zdpbb\u^_
ebeky]Zah[t_fhfegmbh[jZah\ZekyjZkl\hj\dhlhjhf
fZkkh\Zy ^hey NaOH jZ\gZ Hij_^_eblv g_ba\_klguc
f_lZee
13. Kf_rZebfhevhdkb^ZdZevpbyfhevdZj[b^ZdZevpbybfhev
nhknb^Z dZevpby DZdhc h[t_f \h^u ijhj_Z]bjm_l k ] lZdhc
kf_kb"Q_fmjZ\gZfZkkZh[jZah\Z\r_]hkyhkgh\Zgby"
14. AZdhgqbl_mjZ\g_gbyke_^mxsboijhp_kkh\
Z) Na
2
O + H
2
SO
4
→
132
[) Na
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4 ( )
→
\) BaO
2
+ KMnO
4
+ H
2
SO
4
→
]1+
4
Cl + Mg(OH)
2
→
^) BeCl
2
+ KOH
→
_) Ca(HCO
3
)
2
→
t
`) Be + KOH + H
2
O
→
.
15. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc ijbihfhsbdhlhjuo fh`ghhkm
s_kl\blvke_^mxsb_ij_\jZs_gby
Z) Na
→
NaH
→
NaOH
→
NaHCO
3
→
Na
2
CO
3
→
NaOH;
[) K
→
KO
2
→
K
2
O
2
→
K
2
O
→
KHSO
4
→
KCl.
H;S:YO:J:DL?JBKLBD:
D
-
WE?F?GLH<
1. KhihklZ\vl_ baf_g_gb_Zlhfguo jZ^bmkh\ wg_j]bbbhgbaZpbb b
we_dljhhljbpZl_evghklb we_f_glh\ \ ]eZ\guo b ih[hqguo ih^
]jmiiZo
2. Q_fh[tykgy_lky[ebahklvZlhfguojZ^bmkh\
d
-we_f_glh\9i_jb-
h^Zb
d
-we_f_glh\9,i_jbh^Zh^ghc]jmiiu"
3. JZkkfhljbl_ hkh[_gghklb baf_g_gby hkgh\guo oZjZdl_jbklbd
ZlhfZ^ey
d
-we_f_glh\,,,]jmiiu
4. Ihq_fm fgh]b_ ba
d
-we_f_glh\ ijhy\eyxl i_j_f_ggmx kl_i_gv
hdbke_gby"DZdb_ba
d
-we_f_glh\ijhy\eyxlihklhyggmxkl_i_gv
hdbke_gby"
5. DZd baf_gyxlky mklhcqb\hklv b hdbkebl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z kh_^b
g_gbc
d
-we_f_glh\\\ukrbokl_i_gyohdbke_gby\ih^]jmiiZo"
6. JZkkfhljbl_hkh[_gghklbobfbb
d
-we_f_glh\\kjZ\g_gbbkobfb
_c
s
-bS-we_f_glh\
7. DZdbaf_gyxlkydbkehlgh-hkgh\gu_k\hckl\Z]b^jhdkb^h\h^gh]h
blh]h`_
d
-we_f_glZ\aZ\bkbfhklbhlkl_i_gbhdbke_gby"
8. DZd baf_gyxlky dbkehlgu_ k\hckl\Z dbkehl
d
-we_f_glh\9–VIII
]jmii\\ukrbokl_i_gyohdbke_gby"
9. Q_fh[mkeh\e_gZ[hevrZykdehgghklvddhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgbxm
d
-we_f_glh\" >ey dZdbo ba
d
-we_f_glh\ hgZ ijhy\ey_lky \ gZb
[hevr_cgZbf_gvr_ckl_i_gb"
10. JZkkfhljbl_dhhj^bgZpbhggucbhgbaZpbhgguc]b^jZlgucpbk-
ljZgk- b hilbq_kdbca_jdZevguc lbiu bahf_jbb dhfie_dkguo
kh_^bg_gbc
11. DZdb_dZlbhggu_bebZgbhggu_nhjfu[he__oZjZdl_jgu^ey
d
-
we_f_glh\
Z \ gbarbo kl_i_gyo hdbke_gby [ \ \ukrbo kl_i_gyo hdbke_
gby"
133
D
-
WE?F?GLU9,,,=JMIU
1. DZdb_kl_i_gbhdbke_gbyoZjZdl_jgu^ey`_e_aZdh[ZevlZbgb
d_ey"Ijb\_^bl_ih^\Zijbf_jZkh_^bg_gbcwlbowe_f_glh\\oZ
jZdl_jguokl_i_gyohdbke_gbybgZah\bl_bo
2. DZd\aZbfh^_ckl\mxl`_e_ahdh[Zevlbgbd_evkZahlghck_jghc
bkheyghcdbkehlZfb"DZdwlbf_lZeeu\aZbfh^_ckl\mxlk\h^hc
k\h^gufbjZkl\hjZfbkhe_c"
3. JZkkfhljbl_ijhp_kkudhjjhabbhpbgdh\Zggh]hbem`_gh]h`_e_
aZ<eby_lebgZdhjjhabxijbkmlkl\b_2
2
b&2
2
\hdjm`Zxs_c
kj_^_"
4. H[tykgbl_agZqbl_evgh_mf_gvr_gb_klZg^Zjlgh]hwe_dljh^gh]h
ihl_gpbZeZkbkl_fu&R
3+
+ e = Co
2+
\s_ehqguokj_^ZobjZkl\h
jZokh^_j`Zsbo&1
-
.
5. Bkihevamy agZq_gby dhgklZgl g_klhcdhklb bhgh\>&R1+
3
)
6
]
3+
b
[Co(CN)
6
]
3+
hij_^_ebl_\hafh`ghklvijhl_dZgbyijhp_kkZ
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
+ 6CN
-
⇔
[Co(CN)
6
]
3-
+ 6NH
3
6. JZkkfhljbl_ khklhygb_ bhgh\)H
3+
\ \h^guo jZkl\hjZo ijb jZa
ebqguojG
7. IjhZgZebabjmcl_ ]b^jhebam_fhklv)H6b)H62
4
>ey)H62
4
gZ
ibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyi_j\hcklmi_gb]b^jhebaZ
8. Qlh[hevr_]b^jhebam_lky
Z)H&O
3
beb)H&O
2
;
[) FeCl
3
beb K
3
[Fe(CN)
6
];
\)H&O
3
beb.
3
[Fe(OH)
6
];
])H&O
3
beb.
2
FeO
4
.
9. IjhZgZebabjmcl_k lhqdb aj_gbyl_jfh^bgZfbdbZexfhl_jfbq_
kdbckihkh[ihemq_gby`_e_aZ=^_gZoh^blijbf_g_gb_wlhlkih
kh["Fh`ghebbkihevah\ZlvpbgdbfZ]gbc^ey\hkklZgh\e_gby
`_e_aZ"
10. DZdbaf_gy_lkymklhcqb\hklvdhdbke_gbx\jy^m)H,,– Co(II) –
1L,,"DZdbaf_gy_lkyhdbkebl_evgZykihkh[ghklv\jy^m)H,,,–
Co(III) – 1L,,," HoZjZdl_jbamcl_ mkeh\by ihemq_gby ]b^jhdkb
^h\0H2+
2
b0H2+
3
.
11. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc ijbihfhsbdhlhjuo fh`ghhkm
s_kl\blvij_\jZs_gby
Z) Fe
→
FeCl
2
→
Fe(OH)
2
→
Fe(OH)
3
→
Na
2
FeO
4
;
[) Na
2
FeO
4
→
Fe(OH)
3
→
NaFeO
2
→
Fe(OH)
3
→
Fe
2
O
3
→
FeO;
\) Fe
3
O
4
→
Fe
→
FeCl
3
→
FeS
→
Fe(NO
3
)
3
.
134
12. AZdhgqbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc
Z) Fe + O
2
+ H
2
O
→
[) Fe(OH)
2
+ O
2
+ H
2
O
→
\) FeSO
4
+ O
2
+ H
2
O
→
]) FeSO
4
+ KBrO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
→
^) Fe(OH)
3
+ HCl
→
_) Co(OH)
3
+ HCl
→
`) Ni(OH)
3
+ HCl
→
a) FeCl
3
+ KI
→
b)H2+
3
+ Cl
2
+ KOH
→
d)H6
2
+ HNO
3
dhgp
→
e) K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
] + KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
→
f) K
2
FeO
4
+ H
2
O
→
g.
2
FeO
4
+&Odhgp
→
h) K
2
FeO
4
+ HNO
3
→
13. Ijb\_^bl_oZjZdl_jgu_j_ZdpbbgZbhgu)H
2+
b)H
3+
.
14. DZdb_j_Zdpbbe_`Zl\ hkgh\_^_fhgkljZpbhggh]hhiulZ©ihj_a
jmdbª©bkp_e_gb_ª"
15. JZkkfhljbl_kljmdlmjm]_fh]eh[bgZDZdh\ijbgpbi^_ckl\by]_
fh]eh[bgZ\`b\hfhj]Zgbaf_"
D
-
WE?F?GLU9,,=JMIIU
1. DZdb_ kl_i_gb hdbke_gby oZjZdl_jgu ^ey d-we_f_glh\ 9,, ]jmi
iu"Ijb\_^bl_ih^\Zijbf_jZkh_^bg_gbcwlbowe_f_glh\\oZ
jZdl_jguokl_i_gyohdbke_gbybgZah\bl_bo
2. Ijb\_^bl_ ijbf_ju dZlbhgghc b Zgbhgghc nhjf kh_^bg_gbc
fZj]ZgpZ,,,bfZj]ZgpZ,9
3. MdZ`bl_jZaebqby\kljh_gbbZlhfh\we_f_glh\ih^]jmiiufZj
]ZgpZ b ]Zeh]_gh\ < dZdhc kl_i_gb hdbke_gby fZj]Zg_p b oehj
ijhy\eyxlgZb[hevr__koh^kl\h\k\hckl\Zo"Ijb\_^bl_khhl\_l
kl\mxsb_ijbf_ju
4. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc \ dhlhjuo kh_^bg_gby fZj]ZgpZ
ijhy\eyxl
Zhdbkebl_evgu_[\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Z\hdbkebl_ev
gu_b\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ h^gh\j_f_ggh DZdb_kh_^bg_gbyfZj
]ZgpZfh]ml ijhy\eylvhdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evgmx^\hckl
\_gghklv"
135
5. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_iheh`_gb_0Q7F5H\jy^mgZijy`_gbcbbo
hlghr_gb_d\h^_dbkehlZfs_ehqZf
6. IjhZgZebabjmcl_ dbkehlgh-hkgh\gu_ k\hckl\Z ]b^jhdkb^h\hd
kb^h\fZj]ZgpZII, IV, VII).
7. JZkkfhljbl_hdbkebl_evgu_k\hckl\Z.0Q2
4
\jZaebqguokj_^Zo
Qlhij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hcijh^mdlu\hkklZgh\e_gby.0Q2
4
\dbk
euo g_cljZevguo b s_ehqguo kj_^Zo" DZd baf_gy_lky hdjZkdZ
jZkl\hjh\\ijhp_kk_\hkklZgh\e_gby.0Q2
4
?
8. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_ \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ kheyghc dbkehlu k hdkb^Zfb
fZj]ZgpZ0Q20Q2
2
, Mn
2
O
7
.
9. Qlh[hevr_]b^jhebam_lky
ZMnCl
2
bebMnCl
4
;
[K
2
MnO
4
bebKMnO
4
.
10. GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcijbihfhsbdhlhjuofh`ghhkm
s_kl\blvij_\jZs_gby
Z) KMnO
4
→
MnO
2
→
MnCl
2
→
HMnO
4
→
KMnO
4
;
[) KMnO
4
→
MnSO
4
→
MnCO
3
→
MnO
→
Na
2
MnO
4
;
\) Na
2
MnO
4
→
NaMnO
4
→
Na
2
MnO
4
→
MnO
2
→
Na
2
MnO
4
.
11. AZdhgqbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc mdZ`bl_ hdbkebl_ev \hkklZgh\b
l_evblbihdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evghcj_Zdpbb
Z) MnCl
2
+ Br
2
+ KOH
→
[) MnSO
4
+ NaBiO
3
+ H
2
SO
4
→
\) MnO
2
+ PbO
2
+ HNO
3
→
]) MnO
2
+ KI + H
2
SO
4
→
^) KMnO
4
+ SO
2
+ H
2
SO
4
→
_) KMnO
4
+ K
2
S + KOH
→
`) KMnO
4
+ FeSO
4
+ H
2
O
→
a) KMnO
4
+ C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
+ H
2
SO
4
→
b) KMnO
4
+ H
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
→
d) KMnO
4
+ MnCl
2
+ H
2
O
→
e) KMnO
4
→
t
f) K
2
MnO
4
+ H
2
O
→
12. JZkkfhljbl_ [bheh]bq_kdmx jhev fZj]Zg_pkh^_j`Zsbo kh_^bg_
gbcMdZ`bl_[bheh]bq_kdb_wnn_dlubhgh\Mn
2+
.
D
-
WE?F?GLU9,=JMIU
136
1. DZdb_kl_i_gbhdbke_gbyoZjZdl_jgu^eyG-we_f_glh\9,]jmiiu"
Ijb\_^bl_ ih ^\Z ijbf_jZ kh_^bg_gbc wlbo we_f_glh\ \ oZjZd
l_jguokl_i_gyohdbke_gbybgZah\bl_bo
2. KjZ\gbl_ we_dljhggmx kljmdlmjm Zlhfh\ ojhfZ b k_ju DZdb_
kl_i_gbhdbke_gbyj_Zebamxlky^eywlbowe_f_glh\"<dZdhckl_
i_gbhdbke_gbywlbwe_f_gluijhy\eyxlkoh^kl\h\k\hckl\Zo"
3. DZdb_hdkb^uh[jZamxlkyijbijhdZeb\ZgbbojhfZfheb[^_gZb
\hevnjZfZgZ\ha^mo_"
4. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_hlghr_gb_ojhfZfheb[^_gZb\hevnjZfZd\h
^_dbkehlZfbs_ehqZfIhq_fmojhfg_jZkl\hjy_lky\\h^_oh
ly(
o
Cr3+/Cr
= -0.74 B?
5.
DZd baf_gyxlky dbkehlgh
-
hkgh\gu_ k\hckl\Z hdkb^h\ \ jy^m
CrO – CrO
3
" Ijb\_^bl_ j_Zdpbb ihdZau\Zxsb_ Zfnhl_jghklv
]b^jhdkb^ZojhfZ,,,DZd\aZbfh^_ckl\mxlhdkb^uojhfZ,,,,,
9,kkheyghcbk_jghcdbkehlZfb"
6.
DZdbaf_gyxlkydbkehlgu_k\hckl\Z\jy^m+
2
CrO
4
– H
2
WO
4
?
7.
GZibrbl_dhhj^bgZpbhggu_nhjfmeukh_^bg_gbc
CrCl
3
Â.&1Â1+
3
;
Cr(NO
3
)
3
Â1D,Â1D%U
K
2
SO
3
Â&U
2
(SO
3
)
3
Â+
2
O.
GZah\bl_ wlb dhfie_dkgu_ kh_^bg_gby GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby
i_j\bqghcb\lhjbqghcwe_dljheblbq_kdhc^bkkhpbZpbbwlbokh
_^bg_gbcGZibrbl_\ujZ`_gb_dhgklZglug_klhcdhklb^eybhgZ
[Cr(NO
3
)
3
BrI
2
]
3-
.
8.
< dZdbo nhjfZogZoh^blky&U
3+
\ \h^guo jZkl\hjZoijb jZaebq
guojG"Ijb\_^bl_bgZah\bl_\hafh`gu_dhfie_dkgu_kh_^bg_
gby&U
3+
dhlhju_fh]mlijbwlhfh[jZah\u\Zlvky
9.
GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gby]b^jhebaZ&U
2
(SO
4
)
3
ihi_j\hcb\lhjhcklm
i_gyfDZdb_mkeh\byg_h[oh^bfhkh[ex^Zlvijbijb]hlh\e_gbb
jZkl\hjh\ khe_c&U
3+
qlh[u mf_gvrblv ]b^jhebam_fhklv dZlbh
gZ"Fh`ghebihemqblv\\h^guojZkl\hjZo&U
2
S
3
?
10.
Ihq_fm \h^gu_ jZkl\hju ^bojhfZlZ s_ehqgh]h f_lZeeZ bf_xl
dbkemxkj_^m"DZdbaf_gblkyhdjZkdZlZdh]hjZkl\hjZijb^h[Z\
e_gbb s_ehqb" Ijhbeexkljbjmcl_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb mjZ\g_
gbyfbj_Zdpbckhklhygb_jZ\gh\_kby
Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ H
2
O
⇔
2CrO
4
2-
+2H
+
?
11.
Ihq_fmijb\aZbfh^_ckl\bbkhe_c[ZjbykjZkl\hjZfbojhfZlZb
^bojhfZlZ dZeby \uiZ^Zxl hkZ^db h^bgZdh\h]h khklZ\Z" JZk
kfhljbl_hdbkebl_evgu_k\hckl\Z.
2
Cr
2
O
7
ijbjZaebqguojGjZk
l\hjh\
137
12. Ijh\_^bl_l_jfh^bgZfbq_kdbcZgZebaj_Zdpbb
(NH
4
)
2
Cr
2
O
7
→
N
2
+ Cr
2
O
3
+ H
2
O.
IjhZgZebabjmcl_mkeh\byijh\_^_gbywlhcj_Zdpbb
13. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc ijbihfhsbdhlhjuo fh`ghhkm
s_kl\blvij_\jZs_gby
Z) Cr(NO
3
)
3
→
Cr(OH)
3
→
K
3
[Cr(OH)
6
]
→
K
3
CrO
3
→
Cr(H
2
PO
4
)
3
→
CrPO
4
;
[) Cr
2
O
3
→
K
2
CrO
4
→
K
2
Cr
2
O
7
→
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
→
K
3
[Cr(OH)
6
];
\) Cr SO
4
→
Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
→
K
2
CrO
4
→
CrO
3
→
Cr
2
O
3
.
14. Qlh [hevr_ ih^\_j]Z_lky ]b^jhebam: CrCl
2
beb CrCl
3
; CrCl
3
beb
Na
3
[Cr(OH)
6
]; CrCl
3
beb Cr(CH
3
COO)
3
; CrCl
3
beb MoCl
3
; K
2
CrO
4
beb K
2
WO
4
.
15. AZdhgqbl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_Zdpbc
Z) K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ HCl
→
[) CrCl
3
+ Na
2
S + H
2
O
→
\0R+12
3
→
]) Cr + KClO
3
+ KOH
→
^) Cr
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ Cl
2
+ KOH
→
_) NaCrO
2
+ PbO
2
+ NaOH
→
`) Cr
2
O
3
+ NaNO
3
+ NaOH
→
a) K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ H
2
S + H
2
SO
4
→
b) Na
2
CrO
4
+ NaBr + HCl
→
d0R6
2
+ HNO
3
dhgp
→
e&U2
3
+&Odhgp
→
f) K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ H
2
O
2
+ HCl
→
16. DZdmxjhev\uihegy_lfheb[^_g\khklZ\_fheb[^_gkh^_j`Zsbo
n_jf_glh\"
D
-
WE?F?GLU,,=JMIU
1. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_kljh_gb_Zlhfh\d-we_f_glh\II]jmiiuDZdh\u
bo we_dljhggu_ dhgnb]mjZpbb \ hkgh\ghf b \ha[m`^_gghf kh
klhygbyo"DdZdbfwe_dljhggufk_f_ckl\Zffh`ghhlg_klb^Zg
gu_we_f_glubihq_fm"
2. IjhZgZebabjmcl_oZjZdl_jbaf_g_gbyZlhfguojZ^bmkh\wg_j]bc
bhgbaZpbbkjh^kl\Zdwe_dljhgmwe_dljhhljbpZl_evghklbZlhfh\
\jy^mZn – HgQ_fh[mkeh\e_gZg_fhghlhgghklvbaf_g_gbymdZ
aZgguo Zlhfguo oZjZdl_jbklbd" Ihq_fm jZ^bmk ZlhfZ pbgdZ
(Z f_gvr_Zlhfgh]hjZ^bmkZdZevpbyZ = 20)?
138
3. DZdb_hj[blZeb\ZlhfZojZkkfZljb\Z_fuowe_f_glh\fh]mlijb
gbfZlv mqZklb_ \ h[jZah\Zgbb obfbq_kdbo k\ya_c" DZdb_ lbiu
k\ya_coZjZdl_jgu^eyZn, CdbHg\bokh_^bg_gbyo"
4. DZdb_agZq_gby\Ze_glghklbbdZdb_kl_i_gbhdbke_gbyoZjZdl_j
gu^eymdZaZgguowe_f_glh\"DZdfh`ghh[tykgblvihq_fmhgb
g_ ijhy\eyxl kl_i_g_c hdbke_gby [hevr_"Q_fm jZ\gu \Z
e_glghklvbkl_i_gvhdbke_gbyjlmlb\bhgZoHg
2
)
2+
bHg
3
)
2+
?
5. DZd baf_gyxlky \hkklZgh\bl_evgu_f_lZeebq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z
ijhkluo \_s_kl\ \ jy^m Zn – Hg" DZdh\u h[sb_ obfbq_kdb_
k\hckl\Zwlbof_lZeeh\b\q_fbojZaebqb_"HoZjZdl_jbamcl_hl
ghr_gb_f_lZeeh\d\h^_jZkl\hjZfdbkehls_ehq_cbkhe_cgZ
ibrbl_mjZ\g_gbykhhl\_lkl\mxsboj_Zdpbc
6. Ihq_fm lZd kbevgh hlebqZxlky agZq_gby klZg^Zjlguo we_dljh^
guo ihl_gpbZeh\ f_^b b pbgdZ ohly \ lZ[ebp_ i_jbh^bq_kdhc
kbkl_fuwe_f_gluCubZnjZkiheh`_gujy^hf"
7. DZd baf_gyxlky dbkehlgh-hkgh\gu_ b hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZ-
gh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z hdkb^h\ b ]b^jhdkb^h\ \ jy^m Zn – Hg?
GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc oZjZdl_jbamxsbo Zfnhl_jgu_
k\hckl\Zhdkb^Zb]b^jhdkb^ZpbgdZ
8. DZd baf_gy_lky l_jfbq_kdZy mklhcqb\hklvhdkb^h\ ]b^jhdkb^h\
bkhe_cdbkehjh^kh^_j`Zsbodbkehl\jy^mZn – Hg"GZibrbl_
mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc ijhl_dZxsbo ijb ^h[Z\e_gbb ba[uldZ jZk
l\hjZNaOHdjZkl\hjmHg(NO
3
)
2
djZkl\hjmHg
2
(NO
3
)
2
.
9. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc l_jfbq_kdh]h jZaeh`_gby
Hg(NO
3
)
2
; Hg
2
(NO
3
)
2
; HgSO
4
.
10. DZdbaf_gy_lkydhfie_dkhh[jZamxsZyZdlb\ghklvdZlbhgh\\jy
^m Zn
2+
– Hg
2+
" GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gby j_Zdpbc \aZbfh^_ckl\by
oehjb^h\ pbgdZ dZ^fby b jlmlbI b II k dhgp_gljbjh\Zgguf
jZkl\hjhf ZffbZdZ < dZdbo mkeh\byo h[jZamxlky ZffbZqgu_
dhfie_dkujlmlb"
11. GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb\aZbfh^_ckl\byhdkb^ZjlmlbIIk
bh^b^hfdZeby\\h^ghfjZkl\hj_GZah\bl_ihemq_ggh_kh_^bg_
gb_
12. <q_faZdexqZ_lkyhkh[_gghklvwe_dljheblbq_kdhc^bkkhpbZpbb
]Zeh]_gb^h\pbgdZdZ^fbybjlmlbII"Ihq_fmwe_dljhijh\h^b
fhklvjZkl\hjZHgCl
2
y\ey_lkyhq_gvgbadhc^Z`_\jZa[Z\e_gguo
jZkl\hjZo"
13. DZdbihq_fmbaf_gy_lkykl_i_gv]b^jhebaZgbljZlh\pbgdZdZ^
fbybjlmlbII\jZkl\hjZokboh^bgZdh\ufbdhgp_gljZpbyfb"
139
Ihq_fm ijb ijb]hlh\e_gbb jZkl\hjZ Hg(NO
3
)
2
j_dhf_g^m_lky
\ghkblvkhev\aZjZg__ih^dbke_ggmx\h^m"GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gby
khhl\_lkl\mxsboj_Zdpbc]b^jhebaZ
14. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_[bheh]bq_kdmxjhevkh_^bg_gbcpbgdZdZ^fby
b jlmlb DZdb_ f_ju ij_^hklhjh`ghklb g_h[oh^bfh kh[ex^Zlv
ijbjZ[hl_khjlmlvxb__kh_^bg_gbyfb"DZdb_kihkh[u^_aZdlb
\Zpbbjlmlb<uagZ_l_"DZdb_j_Zdpbbe_`Zl\bohkgh\_"
15. =^_ bkihevamxlky kh_^bg_gby pbgdZ dZ^fby b jlmlb" DZdb_ ba
gbogZoh^ylijbf_g_gb_\f_^bpbg_"QlhlZdh_kme_fZQdZQehf_ev
dbQgh\Zjv" DZdh_ ba wlbo \_s_kl\ qj_a\uqZcgh y^h\blh Z dZdh_
kh\_jr_gghg_y^h\blh"Q_fwlhfh`ghh[tykgblv"
16. Kf_kvhdkb^Zbkmevnb^ZpbgdZh[s_cfZkkhc]ihf_klbeb
\jZkl\hjfZkkhc]kh^_j`Zsbcba[ulhdGKlIhke_hdhgqZ
gbyj_Zdpbch[jZah\ZekyjZkl\hj \dhlhjhf fZkkh\Zy ^heykheb
pbgdZjZ\gZ<uqbkeblvagZq_gbyfZkkh\uo^he_ckh_^b
g_gbcpbgdZ\bkoh^ghckf_kb
17. Kf_kv pbgdZ b dZ^fby jZa^_ebeb gZjZ\gu_ qZklb I_j\mx ba
gboh[jZ[hlZebba[uldhfjZkl\hjZHCl\j_amevlZl_q_]h \u^_
ebeky]Zah[t_fhfegm<lhjmxqZklvkf_kbihf_klbeb\
]hjyqbcjZkl\hjkh^_j`Zsbcba[ulhdDHGIjbwlhf\u^_ebeky
]Zah[t_fhfegmJZkkqblZlvh[t_f\ha^moZgmg_h[oh
^bfh]h^eyihegh]hk]hjZgbybkoh^ghckf_kbf_lZeeh\
18. AZdhgqblvmjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcjZkklZ\blvdhwnnbpb_glu
ZZn + KOH + H
2
O :
[Zn + NaOH :
\) ZnO + K
2
CO
3
→
t
]) ZnO + H
2
O + Ba(OH)
2
:
^) K
2
[Zn(OH)
4
] + CO
2
:
_) Na
2
ZnO
2
+ H
2
SO
4 ( )
:
`) Zn + HNO
3 ( . .)
:
a) Zn(OH)
2
+ NH
3( )
:
b) Zn(OH)
2
+ Zn(NO
3
)
2
:
d) ZnSO
4
+ NH
3
+ H
2
O :
e) Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
] + ZnSO
4
:
f) ZnSO
4
+ K
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O :
gCd(NO
3
)
2
→
t
hCd + H
2
SO
→
t
iCdCl
2
+ NH
4
I :
jHg + HNO + HCl :
140
kHgCl
2
+ NH
3
:
l) Hg
2
Cl
2
+ NH
3
:
m) Hg(NO
3
)
2
→
t
n) Hg(NO
3
)
2
+ KOH :
o) Hg
2
(NO
3
)
2
+ NaOH :
p) HgO + KI + H
2
O :
19. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc ijbihfhsbdhlhjuo fh`ghhkm
s_kl\blvke_^mxsb_ij_\jZs_gby
ZZn(OH)
2
:Zn :Zn(OH)NO
3
:K
2
ZnO
2
:Zn(OH)
2
;
[Na
2
[Zn(OH)
4
] :ZnO :>Zn(OH)]
2
SO
4
:Zn :Na
2
ZnO
2
;
\) CdSO
4
:&G:>&G1+
3
)
6
]SO
4
:&G6:&G2+
2
;
]) HgO :+J
2
Cl
2
:+J12
3
)
2
:+J&O
2
:.
2
[HgI
4
] :+J6
D
-
WE?F?GLU,=JMIIU
1. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_ kljh_gb_ Zlhfh\ d-we_f_glh\ I ]jmiiu DZdh\Z
we_dljhggZydhgnb]mjZpbyboij_^\g_rgbob\g_rgbowg_j]_lb
q_kdbomjh\g_c\hkgh\ghfkhklhygbb"DZdb_hj[blZeb\ZlhfZo
f_^bk_j_[jZbahehlZy\eyxlky\Ze_glgufb"
2. JZkkfhljbl_ baf_g_gb_ Zlhfguo jZ^bmkh\ wg_j]bc bhgbaZpbb
kjh^kl\Zdwe_dljhgmbwe_dljhhljbpZl_evghklb\jy^mCu – Au.
Ihq_fm jZ^bmk ZlhfZ f_^bZ f_gvr_ jZ^bmkZ ZlhfZ dZeby
(Z " Ihq_fm jZ^bmku Zlhfh\ k_j_[jZZ b ahehlZZ=79)
ijZdlbq_kdbh^bgZdh\u"
3. DZdb_kl_i_gbhdbke_gbyba\_klgu^eyZlhfh\jZkkfZljb\Z_fuo
we_f_glh\"DZdb_bagbogZb[he__oZjZdl_jgu^eyf_^b^eyk_
j_[jZ^eyahehlZ"
4. Hp_gbl_ \hkklZgh\bl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z ijhkluo \_s_kl\ DZd hgb
baf_gyxlky\jy^mCu – Au?
5. DZdb_k\hckl\ZahehlZiha\heyxlhlghkblv_]hd[eZ]hjh^guff_
lZeeZf" JZkkfhljbl_ hlghr_gb_ mdZaZgguo f_lZeeh\ ddbkehjh
^m]Zeh]_gZfk_j_
6. H[tykgbl_ihq_fmf_^vg_ j_Z]bjm_lkqbklhc\h^hc gh\ul_k
gy_l\h^hjh^ba\h^gh]hjZkl\hjZpbZgb^ZdZeby"Ihq_fmk_j_[jh
bahehlhjZkl\hjyxlky\\h^guojZkl\hjZopbZgb^h\ebrv\ijb
kmlkl\bbhdbkebl_e_cgZijbf_jdbkehjh^Z"DZdh_ijZdlbq_kdh_
ijbf_g_gb_gZoh^blwlhk\hckl\hahehlZ"
7. HoZjZdl_jbamcl_hlghr_gb_f_^bk_j_[jZbahehlZdjZa[Z\e_g
gufbdhgp_gljbjh\ZggufjZkl\hjZfdbkehldjZkl\hjZfs_eh