Богатиков А.Н., Красицкий В.А., Лапков К.Н. и др. Сборник задач, вопросов и упражнений по общей неорганической химии
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111
Dhfie_dkgucbhg\\h^ghfjZkl\hj_g_h[eZ^Z_lZ[khexlghcmk
lhcqb\hklvxEb]Zg^u_]hdhhj^bgZpbhgghckn_jufh]mlaZf_sZlvky
fhe_dmeZfb\h^udhlhjZylZd`_y\ey_lkyeb]Zg^hfLhqghlZd`_ijb
\aZbfh^_ckl\bb Zd\Zdhfie_dkZ k ^jm]bfb eb]Zg^Zfb \ jZkl\hj_ fh
`_lijhbkoh^blvihkl_i_ggh_aZf_s_gb_fhe_dme\h^udhhj^bgZpb
hgghckn_juZd\Zdhfie_dkZ gZwlbeb]Zg^uLZdhcijhp_kk\obfbb
dhfie_dkh\gZau\Z_lkyeb]Zg^gufh[f_ghf.
JZkkfhljbf \aZbfh^_ckl\b_ ]Zahh[jZagh]h ZffbZdZ k \h^guf
jZkl\hjhfkheb gbd_ey<\h^ghfjZkl\hj_dZlbhg1L
2+
kms_kl\m_l\
\b^_dhfie_dkgh]hbhgZ>1L+
2
O)
6
]
2+
<aZbfh^_ckl\b_wlh]hZd\Zdhf
ie_dkZ k ZffbZdhf ijhbkoh^bl \ r_klv klZ^bc dZ`^Zy ba dhlhjuo
ij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hch[jZlbfmxj_ZdpbxboZjZdl_jbam_lkykh[kl\_g
ghcdhgklZglhcjZ\gh\_kby DhgklZglujZ\gh\_kbydZ`^hcbaklZ^bc
h[jZah\Zgby dhfie_dkghc qZklbpu gZau\Zxlky qZklgufb dhgklZg
lZfbmklhcqb\hklb.
GZ dZ`^hc klZ^bb f_klh h^ghc fhe_dmeu \h^u \h \gmlj_gg_c
kn_j_aZgbfZ_lh^gZfhe_dmeZZffbZdZ
[Ni(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
+ NH <>NiNH
3
(H
2
O)
5
]
2+
(
+ H
2
O
H[uqgh ^ey ijhklhlu aZibkb nhjfmeu fhe_dme \h^u \ mjZ\g_
gbyoih^h[guoj_ZdpbchimkdZxl
Ni
2+
+ NH <>Ni(NH
3
)]
2+
bqZklgZydhgklZglZmklhcqb\hklbdhgklZglZjZ\gh\_kby^eyi_j\hc
klmi_gbh[jZah\Zgbydhfie_dkgh]hbhgZaZibku\Z_lkylZd
)
NH
(
)
N
(
)
)]
Ni(NH
([
3
2
2
3
1
cic
c
K
⋅
=
+
+
bl^Zh[sZyD ^eyi-klZ^bc
)
NH
(
)
Ni
(
)
]
)
Ni(NH
([
3
2
2
3
i
i
cc
c
K
⋅
=
+
+
bebD
i
=K
1
· K
2
· ... · K
i
.
J_Zdpby h[jZlgZy j_Zdpbb dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zgby^bkkhpbZpby
dhfie_dkZy\ey_lkyj_Zdpb_ceb]Zg^gh]hh[f_gZ\dhlhjhceb]Zg^u
dhfie_dkgh]hbhgZaZf_sZxlkyfhe_dmeZfbjZkl\hjbl_ey
[Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
+ H
2
O <>Ni(NH
3
)
5
(H
2
O)]
2+
+ NH beb
[Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
<>Ni(NH
3
)
5
]
2+
+ NH
>eyj_Zdpbb^bkkhpbZpbbdhfie_dkgh]hbhgZdhgklZglmjZ\gh\_
kbygZau\ZxldhgklZglhcg_klhcdhklbD
.
ihdZ`^hcklZ^bb
)
]
)
NH
(
Ni
([
)
NH
(
)
]
)
NH
(
N
(
2
6
3
3
2
5
3
1
+
+
⋅
=
c
cic
K
ijbq_fK
1
> K
2
> ... > K
i
.
112
Ijhba\_^_gb_ qZklguo dhgklZgl g_klhcdhklb ^Z_l h[smx dhg
klZglm g_klhcdhklb K
= K
1
· K
2
· ... · K
i
DhgklZglu mklhcqb\hklb b
g_klhcdhklb–wlh\aZbfghh[jZlgu_\_ebqbgu
1
K
K
=
.
DhgklZglumklhcqb\hklbbg_klhcdhklb\gmlj_gg_ckn_jukeZ[h
aZ\bkylhll_fi_jZlmju
Ijbf_j
GZibrbl_dhhj^bgZpbhggmxnhjfmemmdZ`bl_dhhj
^bgZpbhggh_qbkehbaZjy^dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_eyaZjy^\gmlj_gg_c
kn_jub\ujZ`_gb_dhgklZglug_klhcdhklbke_^mxs_]hdhfie_dkgh
]hkh_^bg_gby]_dkZgbljblhdh[ZevlZl,,,dZevpby
J_r_gb_
<mkeh\bbijb\_^_ghgZa\Zgb_Zgbhggh]hdhfie_dkgh]hkh_^bg_
gby Eb]Zg^hf y\ey_lky gbljbl-bhg Z p_gljZevguf bhghf – Kh
3+
.
<gmlj_ggyy kn_jZ – [Co(NO
2
)
6
]
3-
ke_^h\Zl_evgh nhjfmeZ dhfie_dk
gh]hkh_^bg_gby[m^_lKZ
3
[Co(NO
2
)
6
]
2
.
Dhhj^bgZpbhggh_qbkehjZ\gh– 6
AZjy^dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_ey– 3+
AZjy^\gmlj_gg_ckn_ju – 3–
MjZ\g_gb_i_j\bqghc^bkkhpbZpbbdZdkbevgucwe_dljhebl
KZ
3
[Co(NO
2
)
6
]
2
:KZ
2+
+ 2[Co(NO
2
)
6
]
3–
.
H[s__mjZ\g_gb_\lhjbqghc^bkkhpbZpbbkeZ[ucwe_dljhebl
[Co(NO
2
)
6
]
3–
<Kh
3+
+ 6NO
−
2
.
<ujZ`_gb_h[s_cdhgklZglug_klhcdhklbdhgklZglZjZ\gh\_kby
)
]
)
NO
(
Co
([
)
NO
(
)
Co
(
3
6
2
2
6
3
−
−+
⋅
=
c
cc
K
.
Ijbf_j
.Fh`ghebjZajmrblvdhfie_dkgucbhg>Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
k
_]hfheyjghcdhgp_gljZpb_c\jZkl\hj_fheve^h[Z\e_gb_fjZ\
gh]h h[t_fZ jZkl\hjZ.&Ok lZdhc `_ dhgp_gljZpb_cijb gZebqbb \
dhg_qghf jZkl\hj_ ba[uldZ ZffbZdZ k _]h fheyjghc dhgp_gljZpb_c
fheve"
J_r_gb_
JZkkqblZ_ffheyjgmxdhgp_gljZpbxbhgh\>Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
\jZk
l\hj_ihke_^h[Z\e_gbyjZ\gh]hh[t_fZjZkl\hjZKClIhkdhevdmh[t
_fbkoh^gh]hjZkl\hjZm\_ebqbeky\jZaZlhfheyjgZydhgp_gljZpby
bhgh\>Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
mf_gvrbeZkv\jZaZbkhklZ\ey_lfheve
113
JZkkqblZ_ffheyjgmxdhgp_gljZpbxbhgh\Ag
+
\ihemq_gghf
jZkl\hj_ Ihkdhevdm dhgp_gljZpb_c ZffbZdZ h[jZah\Z\r_]hky ijb
^bkkhpbZpbb dhfie_dkgh]h bhgZ fh`gh ij_g_[j_qv ^himkdZ_fqlh
dhgp_gljZpbyZffbZdZ\ihemq_gghfjZkl\hj_jZ\gZ_]hba[ulhqghc
dhgp_gljZpbbbkhklZ\ey_lfheveBkdhfmxdhgp_gljZpbxbhgh\
Ag
+
h[hagZqbfq_j_ao:
[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
< Ag
+
+ 2NH
3
fheve ofheve fheve
AgZq_gbydhgp_gljZpbcbhgh\ih^klZ\bf\\ujZ`_gb_dhgklZglu
g_klhcdhklbdhfie_dkgh]hbhgZ
05
,
0
10
10
1
)
]
)
NH
(
Ag
([
)
NH
(
)
Ag
(
2
8
2
3
3
2
)
(
⋅
=⋅=
⋅
=
−
+
+
x
c
cc
K
.
Hlkx^Zo = 5·10
–12
fheve
JZkkqblZ_fagZq_gb_IDbhgh\Ag
+
bCl
–
\ihemq_gghfjZkl\hj_
ID kAg
+
) Ü c(Cl
–
) =5 10
–12
· 10
–1
= 5·10
–13
.
Ihkdhevdm agZq_gb_ ID f_gvr_ agZq_gby IJ
(AgCl)
jZ\gh]h
10
–10
lhhkZ^hdAgClg_\uiZ^Z_lbdhfie_dk>Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
\wlbomkeh
\byobhgZfb&OØg_jZajmrZ_lky
Ijbf_j
.;m^_lebjZajmrZlvkydhfie_dkgucbhg>Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
\
mkeh\byoijbf_jZijbaZf_g_.&OgZ.,"
J_r_gb_:
AZibr_fmjZ\g_gb_j_Zdpbb\aZbfh^_ckl\bydhfie_dkgh]hbhgZ
kbh^b^-ZgbhgZfb
[Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
+ IØ< AgI + 2NH
3
.
IJ$J, · 10
–16
LZddZd Ü 10
–13
> 1 Ü 10
–16
lhhkZ^hdAgI\u
iZ^Z_lbke_^h\Zl_evghdhfie_dkgucbhg>$J1+
3
)
2
]
+
\l_o`_mkeh
\byobhgZfb,ØjZajmrZ_lky
<hijhku^eykZfhklhyl_evghcih^]hlh\db
1. Knhjfmebjmcl_ hkgh\gu_ iheh`_gby dhhj^bgZpbhgghc l_hjbb
: <_jg_jZbijhbeexkljbjmcl_bogZijbf_jZo
2. DZdh\hkljh_gb_dhfie_dkguokh_^bg_gbc"
3. DZdhij_^_eblvaZjy^dhfie_dkgh]hbhgZbaZjy^dhfie_dkhh[jZ
ah\Zl_ey"
4. DZdh\Zijbjh^Zobfbq_kdhck\yab\dhfie_dkguokh_^bg_gbyo"
5. Q_f h[tykgy_lky hkh[Zy kdehgghklv d-we_f_glh\ h[jZah\u\Zlv
dhfie_dkgu_kh_^bg_gby"
114
6. GZq_fhkgh\Zgukihkh[udeZkkbnbdZpbbdhfie_dkguokh_^bg_
gbc"
7. Ijb\_^bl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcdhlhjufbfh`ghih^l\_j^blvgZ
oh`^_gb_ bhgh\ ClØ b SO
−
2
4
\h \gmlj_gg_c beb \g_rg_c kn_jZo
dhfie_dkh\
8. GZah\bl_ lbiu bahf_jbb b ijb\_^bl_ ijbf_ju bahf_jh\ \ dhf
ie_dkguokh_^bg_gbyo
9. Hlq_]haZ\bkbl\_ebqbgZdhhj^bgZpbhggh]hqbkeZdhfie_dkhh[
jZah\Zl_ey"
10. Q_fh[mkeh\e_gZ^_glZlghklveb]Zg^h\"
11. GZhkgh\Zgbbf_lh^Z\Ze_glguok\ya_ch[tykgbl_khklZ\bkljh_
gb_ZffbZdZlZpbgdZdjbheblZdZj[hgbeZgbd_ey
12. Bah[jZabl_kljh_gb_hdkZeZlgh]hbpbljZlgh]hdhfie_dkh\Fe
3+
b
Zn
2+
.
13. <q_faZdexqZ_lkyjZaebqb_f_`^mdhfie_dkgufbkh_^bg_gbyfb
b^\hcgufbkheyfb"
14. DZdb_nZdlhju\ebyxlgZmklhcqb\hklvdhfie_dkguokh_^bg_gbc
\jZkl\hjZo"
15. QlhgZau\Z_lkyo_eZlgufwnn_dlhfbq_fhgh[mkeh\e_g"
16. DZd fh`gh h[tykgblv \ukhdmx lhdkbqghklv khe_c ly`_euo f_
lZeeh\"
17. DZdb_k\hckl\Zdhfie_dkh\bkihevamxlijbih^[hj_e_dZjkl\^ey
e_q_gbyijbhljZ\e_gbyo"QlhlZdh_Zglb^hl?
18. Ihq_fm fh`gh hkeZ[blv k ihfhsvx dhfie_dkhgh\ lhdkbq_kdh_
^_ckl\b_bhgh\ly`_euof_lZeeh\gZhj]Zgbafq_eh\_dZ"
19. Qlhkh[hcij_^klZ\ey_l]_fdjh\b"Ihq_fm]_fh]eh[bgjZ\ghp_g
gh\aZbfh^_ckl\m_ldZdkdbkehjh^hflZdbkm]Zjguf]Zahf"
AZ^Zqb^eyj_r_gby
234. Ba jZkl\hjZ kheb khklZ\Z3W&O
4
· 6NH
3
gbljZl k_j_[jZ hkZ`^Z_l
\_kv oehj \ \b^_ oehjb^Z k_j_[jZ Z ba jZkl\hjZ kheb
PtCl
4
· 3NH
3
–lhevdhqZklv\oh^ys_]h\__ khklZ\ oehjZGZ
ibkZlv dhhj^bgZpbhggu_ nhjfmeu b ^Zlv gZa\Zgby wlbo khe_c
hij_^_eblv dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ qbkeh ieZlbgu \ dZ`^hc ba gbo
DZd[m^ml^bkkhpbbjh\Zlvwlb\_s_kl\Z\jZkl\hj_"
235. >\Z dhhj^bgZpbhgguokh_^bg_gbydh[ZevlZkh^bgZdh\hcwfib
jbq_kdhcnhjfmehc&R%U62
4
·5NH
3
JZaebqbyf_`^mgbfbijhy\
eyxlky \ j_Zdpbyo bo \aZbfh^_ckl\by \ jZkl\hjZo k%D&O
2
b
AgNO
3
H^gZ khev ^Z_l hkZ^hd lhevdh k oehjb^hf [Zjby Z \lh
115
jZy – lhevdh k gbljZlhf k_j_[jZ GZibrbl_ dhhj^bgZpbhggu_
nhjfmeu ^Zcl_ gZa\Zgby h[_bo khe_c b mjZ\g_gby bo we_dljh-
eblbq_kdhc^bkkhpbZpbb
236. DjZkl\hjmkh^_j`Zs_fm]Z^^mdlZ&R&O
2
· 4NH
3
^h[Z\b-
eb\^hklZlhqghfdhebq_kl\_jZkl\hj$J12
3
FZkkZhkZ^dZkhklZ-
\beZ]Hij_^_ebl_dhhj^bgZpbhggmxnhjfmemdhfie_dkZ
bgZah\bl__]h
237. GZibrbl_ \fhe_dmeyjghc bbhggh-fhe_dmeyjghc nhjfZomjZ\
g_gbyh[f_gguoj_Zdpbcijhbkoh^ysbof_`^mZ.
4
[Fe(CN)
6
@b
CuSO
4
[1D
3
[Co(CN)
6
@b)H62
4
\.
3
[Fe(CN)
6
@b$J12
3
bf_y\
\b^mqlhh[jZamxsb_kydhhj^bgZpbhggu_khebg_jZkl\hjbfu\
\h^_Ijb\_^bl_bogZa\Zgby
238. GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbch[jZah\Zgbydhfie_dkguodbkehlb
hkgh\Zgbcijb\aZbfh^_ckl\bb3W&O
4
b+&O$J&Ob+&O3E&O
2
b
HCl; SiF
4
b+))H&1
2
b +&1 %)
3
b+)&XOH)
2
b1+
3
;
Ni(OH)
2
b1+
3
Ijb\_^bl_ mjZ\g_gby we_dljheblbq_kdhc ^bkkh
pbZpbbihemq_gguokh_^bg_gbc
239. GZibrbl_dhhj^bgZpbhggu_ nhjfmeuke_^mxsbodhfie_dkguo
kh_^bg_gbc Z ]_dkZgbljblhdh[ZevlZl ,,, dZeby [ Zffbggbl
jhl_ljZoehjhdh[ZevlZl ,,, Zffhgby \ ljbnlhjh]b^jhdkh[_
jbeeZl ]Zeeby ,,, ^ l_ljZlbhpbZgh^bZffbgojhfZl ,,, Zffh
gby MdZ`bl_ dhhj^bgZpbhggh_ qbkeh dhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_ey b
aZjy^\gmlj_gg_ckn_judZ`^h]hdhfie_dkZ
240. >Zcl_gZa\Zgbyke_^mxsbokh_^bg_gbc>3G1+
3
)
3
Cl]Cl; K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
];
[Pd(H
2
O)
2
NH
3
Cl]Cl; [Co(H
2
O)(NH
3
)
4
CN]Br
2
; [Co(NH
3
)
5
SO
4
]NO
3
;
(NH
4
)
2
[Rh(NH
3
)Cl
5
]; Na
2
[PdI
4
@ >&X1G
3
)
4
](NO
3
)
2
; K
2
[Co(NH
3
)
2
(NO
2
)
4
].
GZibrbl_\ujZ`_gbydhgklZglg_klhcdhklbdhfie_dkh\bmdZ`b-
l_dhhj^bgZpbhggu_qbkeZdhfie_dkhh[jZah\Zl_e_c
241. DZd h[tykgblv qlh dhfie_dkguc bhg>$J1+
3
)
2
]
+
jZajmrZ_lky
m`_ ijb ih^dbke_gbb jZkl\hjZ Z ZgZeh]bqguc bhg>3W1+
3
)
4
]
2+
khojZgy_lky^Z`_ijb^_ckl\bbdhgp_gljbjh\Zgghckheyghcdb
kehlu"
242. Ihq_fmijbh^ghfblhf`_fheyjghfba[uld_j_Z]_glZZhkZ
^hd$J&Og_ jZkl\hjy_lky \ kheyghc dbkehl_ gh jZkl\hjy_lky \
jZkl\hj_ZffbZdZ[hkZ^hd$J,g_jZkl\hjy_lky\jZkl\hj_Zf
fbZdZghjZkl\hjy_lky\jZkl\hj_pbZgb^ZgZljby"
243. Q_f hij_^_ey_lky \hafh`ghklv aZf_gu h^gbo eb]Zg^h\ \ dhhj
^bgZpbhgghf kh_^bg_gbb gZ ^jm]b_" Hij_^_ebl_ gZijZ\e_gb_
j_Zdpbc\jZkl\hjZo
116
Z) [Ag(CN)
2
]Ø12
2
Ø<>$J12
2
)
2
]Ø&1Ø
[) [Ag(NO
2
)
2
]Ø&1Ø<>$J&1
2
]Ø12
2
Ø
244. Fh`ghebbaZffbZqgh]hdhfie_dkZk_j_[jZ^_ckl\b_fkhhl\_l
kl\mxsbo eb]Zg^h\ ihemqblv>$J12
2
)
2
]Ø b >$J&1
2
]Ø" Hl\_l
fhlb\bjmcl_
245. H[tykgbl_ ijhp_kk jZkl\hj_gby hkZ^dh\ Zfnhl_jguo ]b^jhdkb
^h\\dbkehlZobs_ehqZodZdij_\jZs_gb_h^gbodhfie_dkh\\
^jm]b_>hibrbl_mjZ\g_gby
Z>&U+
2
O)
6
]
3+
+ OH
–
:hkZ^hd
[>&U+
2
O)
6
]
3+
+ OH
–
:
\>&U2G
6
]
3–
+ 3H
3
H
+
:hkZ^hd
]>&U2G
6
]
3–
+ H
3
H
+
:
246. >hibrbl_ijb\_^_ggu_gb`_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcMdZ`bl_ddZ
dhfm lbim hlghkblky dZ`^Zy ba gbo b q_f hij_^_ey_lky __ gZ
ijZ\e_gghklv"
K
2
[CuCl
4
] + NH
3
: Na
3
[Ag(S
2
O
3
)
2
] + Na
2
S :
Fe
3+
+ [Fe(CN)
6
]
4-
: [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]SO
4
+ NaOH :1L2+
2
+
Fe
2+
+ [Fe(CN)
6
]
3-
: K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
] + Cl
2
:
[Co(NO
2
)
6
]
3-
+ K
+
: [Co(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
+ Cl
-
:&O
2
+
Cu(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
3
:>&X62
3
)
4
]
6-
+
CoSO
4
+ NaNO
2
+ CH
3
COOH :
[Co(NO
2
)
6
]
3-
+ N
2
H
4
:1D12
2
+ N
2
+
:1D
3
[Co(NO
2
)
6
] + NO +
247. GZibrbl_mjZ\g_gbyj_ZdpbcoZjZdl_jbamxsb_ij_\jZs_gby
Ag
+
:>Ag(NH
3
)
2
]
+
:AgI :>Ag(CN)
2
]Ø:Ag
2
S.
DZdh[tykgblv\hafh`ghklvdZ`^h]hbagbo"
117
,,G?HJ=:GBQ?KD:YOBFBY
IJBF?JG:Y KO?F: HIBK:GBY OBFBQ?KDBO
WE?F?GLH<
B BO
KH?>BG?GBC
1. H[sb_k\_^_gbyhobfbq_kdbowe_f_glZoiheh`_gb_\i_jbh^b
q_kdhc kbkl_f_ hldjulb_ kh^_j`Zgb_ \ a_fghc dhj_ hkgh\gu_
ijbjh^gu_kh_^bg_gby
2. We_dljhggu_dhgnb]mjZpbbZlhfh\
3. OZjZdl_jbaf_g_gbyZlhfguooZjZdl_jbklbdwe_f_glh\ih]jmii_
ZlhfgZy fZkkZ dh\Ze_glguc f_lZeebq_kdbc bbhgguc jZ^bmku
ihl_gpbZeubhgbaZpbbkjh^kl\hdwe_dljhgmwe_dljhhljbpZl_ev
ghklvkl_i_gbhdbke_gby
4. Hkgh\gu_ nbabdh-obfbq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z ijhkluo \_s_kl\Z]j_
]Zlgh_ khklhygb_ p\_l iehlghklv l_fi_jZlmju ieZ\e_gby b db
i_gbywe_dljhijh\h^ghklv
5. Kihkh[uihemq_gbyijhfure_ggu_beZ[hjZlhjgu_\_s_kl\
6. Obfbq_kdb_k\hckl\Zijhkluo\_s_kl\
Zj_Zdpbbkijhklufb\_s_kl\Zfb\h^hjh^dbkehjh^]Zeh]_gu
k_jZZahlnhknhjm]e_jh^f_lZeeu
[ j_Zdpbb k \Z`g_crbfb j_Z]_glZfb\h^Z dbkehlu s_ehqb
hdkb^ukheb
7. Ihemq_gb_kljh_gb_ bobfbq_kdb_ k\hckl\Z hkgh\guolbih\ kh
_^bg_gbc
: ;bgZjgu_kh_^bg_gby
Zkh_^bg_gbyk\h^hjh^hf
[]Zeh]_gb^u
\hdkb^u
]kh_^bg_gbyk^jm]bfbg_f_lZeeZfb
^kh_^bg_gbykf_lZeeZfb
;Fgh]hdhfihg_glgu_kh_^bg_gby
Z]b^jhdkb^udbkehluhkgh\Zgby
[kheb
\dhfie_dkgu_kh_^bg_gby
8. <aZbfhk\yavf_`^mhkgh\gufblbiZfbkh_^bg_gbc
9. Ijbf_g_gb_
Zijhkluo\_s_kl\
[kh_^bg_gbc
10. ;bheh]bq_kdZyjhevwe_f_glh\bbokh_^bg_gbc\hj]Zgbaf_q_eh
\_dZb`b\hlguoIjbf_g_gb_kh_^bg_gbcwe_f_glh\\f_^bpbg_
118
J
-
WE?F?GLU9,,=JMIIU
1. IjhZgZebabjh\ZlvaZdhghf_jghklb\baf_g_gbbjZ^bmkh\Zlhfh\
bhgbaZpbhgguoihl_gpbZeh\kjh^kl\Zdwe_dljhgmwe_dljhhljb
pZl_evghklbZlhfh\ZlZd`_wg_j]bbobfbq_kdhck\yabbl_jfb
q_kdhcmklhcqb\hklbfhe_dme\jy^m]Zeh]_gh\
2. DZdb_kl_i_gbhdbke_gbyijhy\eyxl]Zeh]_gu\k\hbokh_^bg_gb
yo"DZdh\uhkh[_gghklb\Ze_glguokhklhygbcnlhjZ"
3. Ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlv j_Zdpbyfb ijhfure_ggu_ b eZ[hjZlhjgu_
kihkh[uihemq_gby]Zeh]_gh\
4. >Zlv kjZ\gbl_evgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\b-
l_evguok\hckl\]Zeh]_gh\gZijbf_jZojZaebqguoj_Zdpbc
5. GZibkZlvmjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbcihemq_gby\k_o]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^h\
DZdh\uhkh[_gghklbwlboijhp_kkh\"
6. DZdbaf_gyxlkyhkgh\gu_nbabq_kdb_k\hckl\Zbijhqghklvfh
e_dme\jy^m+)– HI?
7. IjhZgZebabjmcl_ oZjZdl_j baf_g_gby hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\b-
l_evguobdbkehlguok\hckl\\jy^m]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^h\
8. GZibkZlvmjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc\aZbfh^_ckl\by]Zeh]_gh\k\h^hcb
jZkl\hjZfbs_ehq_coheh^gufbb]hjyqbfb
9. DZdb^_ljZaeh`_gb_oehjgh\Zlbklhcdbkehluih^^_ckl\b_fk\_
lZijbgZ]j_\Zgbb\ijbkmlkl\bb\h^hhlgbfZxs_]h\_s_kl\Z"
10. DZdb_ j_Zdpbb bkihevamxlky h[uqgh ^ey ihemq_gby oehjZlh\ b
i_joehjZlh\"
11. >_ckl\b_fdZdbo]Zeh]_gh\fh`gh\u^_eblvk\h[h^guc[jhfba
jZkl\hjh\Z[jhfb^ZdZeby[[jhfZlZdZeby"H[hkgh\Zlv^Zg
gufbhklZg^Zjlguowe_dljh^guoihl_gpbZeZobijhbeexkljbjh
\Zlvj_Zdpbyfb
12. DZd baf_gyxlky kbeZ dbkehl b hdbkebl_evgu_ k\hckl\Z\ jy^Zo
HClO – HClO
2
– HClO
3
– HClO
4
b+&O2– HBrO –+,2"Ihq_fm"
13. Qlh lZdh_ oehjgZyba\_klv `Z\_e_\Zy \h^Z"Ijhbeexkljbjh\Zlv
j_Zdpbyfbbok\hckl\Z
14. KjZ\gblv]b^jhebam_fhklvkhe_c\jy^Zo
1) KClO – KClO
2
– KClO
3
– KClO
4
;
2) KClO – KBrO – KIO?
15. H[hkgh\Zlvg_\hafh`ghklvihemq_gbyhdkb^h\]Zeh]_gh\boijy
fuf\aZbfh^_ckl\b_fkdbkehjh^hf
16. DZdmx ]_hf_ljbq_kdmx dhgnb]mjZpbx bf_xl bhgu&O2
-
, ClO
2
-
,
ClO
3
-
, ClO
4
-
?
17. DZdb_ g_hj]Zgbq_kdb_ kh_^bg_gby oehjZ nlhjZ [jhfZ b bh^Z
ijbf_gyxlky\f_^bpbg_"
119
18. G_ba\_klguc]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^ijhimklbeb\jZkl\hjs_ehqbfZk
khc]kfZkkh\hc^he_cDHG<h[jZah\Z\r_fkyg_c
ljZevghfjZkl\hj_fZkkh\Zy^heykhebjZ\gZHij_^_eblv
]Zeh]_gh\h^hjh^
19. JZkkqblZlvh[t_foehjZgmbh[t_fjZkl\hjZ]b^jhdkb^ZdZeby
k_]hfZkkh\hc^he_cbiehlghklvx]feg_h[oh^bfuo
^eyihemq_gby[_jlhe_lh\hckhebfZkkhc]_keb__fZkkh\Zy
^hey\uoh^ZjZ\gZ
20. GZibrbl_ mjZ\g_gbyj_Zdpbc ijbihfhsbdhlhjuo fh`ghhkm
s_kl\blvij_\jZs_gby
Z) PbBr
2
→
HBr
→
Br
2
→
KBrO
3
→
HBrO
3
→
FeBr
3
;
[) Cl
2
→
HCl
→
KCl
→
Cl
2
→
BaCl
2
→
HCl;
\) Cl
2
→
KClO
3
→
KClO
4
→
HClO
4
→
ClO
2
→
HClO
3
.
21. GZibkZlvmjZ\g_gbyke_^mxsboj_Zdpbc
Z.
2
Cr
2
O
7
+&Odhgp
→
[) KI + H
2
SO
4
(dhgp.)
→
\) HBrO
3
+ I
2
→
]I
2
+ HNO
3
dhgp
→
^) HClO
3
+ HCl
→
_) K
2
Cr
2
O
7
+ KI + H
2
SO
4
(jZa[.)
→
`) I
2
+ H
2
S (j-j)
→
a) KI + H
2
O
2
+ H
2
SO
4
→
b) Cl
2
+ I
2
+ Ba(OH)
2
→
d&O
2
+ KI + KOH
→
e) HClO
4
+ P
2
O
5
→
f) CaOCl
2
+ HCl
→
g+&O3E2
2
→
h%U
2
+ F
2
+ H
2
O
→
i) HClO
3
+ P + H
2
O
→
J
-
WE?F?GLU9,=JMIIU
1. JZkkfhljbl_ kljh_gb_ Zlhfh\ b \Ze_glgu_ khklhygby we_f_glh\
]eZ\ghcih^]jmiiu9,]jmiiu
2. DZdbaf_gyxlkyjZ^bmkubhgbaZpbhggu_ihl_gpbZeukjh^kl\hd
we_dljhgmbwe_dljhhljbpZl_evghklv\jy^mdbkehjh^–ihehgbc"
3. DZdbihq_fmbaf_gy_lkyZ]j_]Zlgh_khklhygb_bkhklZ\ijhkluo
\_s_kl\\jy^m2– Po?
4. Ijhbeexkljbjmcl_khhl\_lkl\mxsbfbj_ZdpbyfboZjZdl_jbaf_
g_gby hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguo k\hckl\ \ jy^m dbkeh-
jh^ –ihehgbc
120
5. DZdbaf_gyxlkyl_fi_jZlmjuieZ\e_gbydbi_gbybl_jfbq_kdZy
mklhcqb\hklv\jy^m+
2
O – H
2
Po?
6. >Zlv kjZ\gbl_evgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm baf_g_gby dbkehlgh-hkgh\-
guo b hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evguo k\hckl\ \h^hjh^guokh
_^bg_gbcwe_f_glh\9,]jmiiu
7. JZkkfhljbl_ jZkl\hjbfhklv b ]b^jhebam_fhklv kmevnb^h\ jZa
ebqguof_lZeeh\
8. JZkkfhljbl_ kihkh[u ihemq_gby hdkb^h\ k_ju DZd baf_gyxlky
hdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Zmwlbokh_^bg_gbc"
9. K_jgbklZy dbkehlZ b __ kheb Kljh_gb_ hdbkebl_evgh-
\hkklZgh\bl_evgu_k\hckl\Zijbf_g_gb_
10. DZdbaf_gy_lkymklhcqb\hklvdbkehlgu_k\hckl\Zbhdbkebl_ev
gh-\hkklZgh\bl_evgZykihkh[ghklv\jy^m+
2
SO
3
– H
2
TeO
3
?
11. DZdmx j_Zdpbx kj_^u bf_xl jZkl\hju Na
2
SO
3
b NaHSO
3
" <u
qbkebl_D
^eykmevnbl-b]b^jhkmevnbl-bhgh\ihevamykvagZq_
gb_fdhgklZgl^bkkhpbZpbbk_jgbklhcdbkehlu
12. K_jgZy dbkehlZ ?_ kljh_gb_ ihemq_gb_ dbkehlgu_ b hdbkeb
l_evgu_k\hckl\ZOZjZdl_j\aZbfh^_ckl\bykf_lZeeZfbbg_f_
lZeeZfbIjhbeexkljbjh\Zlvj_Zdpbyfb
13. DZdh\oZjZdl_jbaf_g_gbydbkehlguobhdbkebl_evguok\hckl\\
jy^mk_jgZy–l_eemjh\Zydbkehlu"
14. QlhlZdh_he_mf"DZdh\Z_]hobfbq_kdZyijbjh^Z"QlhlZdh_ih
ebk_jgu_dbkehlu"GZjbkh\Zlvkljmdlmjm^bk_jghcdbkehlu
15. >ZlvoZjZdl_jbklbdmiheblbhgh\ufdbkehlZfbbokheyf
16. Lbhk_jgZydbkehlZ?_kljh_gb_bhdbkebl_evgh-\hkklZgh\bl_ev-
gu_k\hckl\ZlbhkmevnZl-bhgZ
17. Qlh lZdh_ i_jhdkh^bk_jgZy dbkehlZ" Kihkh[u __ ihemq_gby
k\hckl\Zbijbf_g_gb_
18. Kf_kv[_jlhe_lh\hckhebkdZlZebaZlhjhfMnO
2
h[s_cfZkkhc
]gZ]j_ebbihemqbebkf_kvl\_j^uo\_s_kl\\dhlhjhcfZk
kh\Zy^heydZlZebaZlhjZjZ\gZ<uqbkeblvh[t_f]ZaZgm
\u^_eb\r_]hkyijbijhdZeb\Zgbbbkoh^ghckf_kb_kebfZkkh\Zy
^heyMnO
2
\g_cjZ\gZ
19. GZibkZlvmjZ\g_gbyke_^mxsboj_Zdpbc
Z)H6
2
+ O
2
→
[) S + NaOH
→
\) H
2
S + SO
2
→
]) Na
2
S + S
→
^) NaBr + H
2
SO
4
(dhgp.)
→
_+
2
SO
4
dhgpjZa[+ Fe, Al, Cu, Zn
→