Бардах Ю. Штудыі з гісторыі Вялікага княства Літоўскага

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

3 2

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɜɚɣɫɤɨɜɵ ɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɿɲɱɵ  ɭ ɹɤɿɦ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ Ʌ ɿɬɜ ɚ əɝɚɣɥɚ

ɯɚɰɟʆ ɭɰɹ ɝɧɭɰɶ ɩɚɥɹ ɤɚʆ ɭ ɚɛɚɪɨɧɭ ɹ ɟ ɦɟɠɚʆ ɧɚ ʆɫɯɨɞɡɟ ɿ

ɫɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɰɰɚ ɡ ɦɿɪɭ ɹ ɤɿ ɚɞ Ʉ ɚɥɿɲ ɫɤɚɝɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɭ ɝ  ɡɜɹɡ

ɜɚʆ ɉɨɥɶɲ ɱɭ ɡ Ɉɪɞɷɧɚɦ  ɪɚɫɰɹ ɝɧɭʆɲɵ ɹɝɨɧɭɸ ɡɚɫɥɨɧɭ ɧɚ

Ʌɿɬɜɭ Ʉɪɵɠɚɤɿ  ɡɪɷɲɬɵ  ɝɷɬɚɦɭ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɿɜ ɿɥɿɫɹ  ɜɵɫɬɚɜɿ ʆɲ ɵ

ɫɜɚɟ ɩɪɷɬɷɧɡɿɿ ɞɚ Ʌɿɬɜɵ ɧɚ ɲɬɨ ʆ ɞɵɫɤɭɫɿɿ ɡɜɹɪɧɭʆ ɭɜɚɝɭ Ⱥɞɚ

ɦɭɫ

Ⱥɩɪɚɱɚ ɬɚɝɨ  ɧɚɫɭɩɟɪɚɤ ɬɷɡɿɫɭ ɉɚɲɤɟɜɿɱɚ  ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɭɸ

ɞɭɦɤɭ  ɧɟ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɟ ɿɝɧɚɪɚɜɚɰɶ  ɡɦɟɲɱɚɧɵ ɹ  ʆ ɤɪɷʆɫɤɿɦ ɚɤɰɟ

ʆɦɨɜɵ ɹɤɿɹ ɧɹɫɭɰɶ ɤɥɹɣɦɨ ɩɨɥɶ ɫɤɿɯ ɩɚɬɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɹʆ ² ɚɛɚ

ɜɹɡɚɤ ɜɵɩɥɚɰɿ ɰɶ ȼɿɥɶ ɝɟɥɶ ɦɭ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɧɵ ɲɬɪɚɮɡɚ ɧɹɡɞɡɟɣɫɧɟɧɧɟ

ɲɥɸɛɭ ɡ ə ɞɜ ɿɝɚɸ  ɜɵɡɜɚɥɟɧɧɟ ɯɪɵɫɰɿɹɧɩɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ

ɩɚɥɹɤɚʆ ɜɹɪɬɚɧɧɟ ɬɷɪɵɬɚɪɵɹɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɚʆ  ɹ ɤɿɹ ɩɚɰɹɪɩɟɥɚ

ɉɨɥɶɲ ɱɚ ɤɨɲɬɚɦ əɝɚɣɥɵ ɿ ɿɧɲɵɯ  ɩɪɚ ɤɚɝɨ ɹ ɲɱɷ ɛɭɞɡɟ ɝɚ

ɜɨɪɤɚ ɧɿɠɷɣ Ɍ ɚɦɭ ɤɪɷʆɫɤɿ ɚɤɬ ² ɡɝɨɞɧɚɡ ɹɝɨɧɵɦ ɡɦɟɫɬɚɦ ²

ɬɪɷɛɚ ɪɚɡɝɥɹɞɚɰɶ  ɹ ɤ ɜɵɧɿɤ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɚɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɯ ɩɟɪɚɦɨɜ ɚʆ  ɧɚ

ɹɤɿɯ ɭɥɿɱɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɩɚɬɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɧɿ ɚɛɨɞɜɭɯ ɛɚɤɨʆ ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶ ɤɿ ɿɧɬɚ

ɪɷɫɵ Ʌɿɬɜɵ

Ɂɚɩɪɚɟɤɬɚɜɚɧɵ ʆ ɤɪɷʆɫɤɿ ɦ ɚɤɰɟ ɫɬɚɧ ɿ  ɹ ɝɨɧɚɹ  ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚ

ɰɵɹ  ɚɛɭɞɡɿɥɿ ɧɚ Ʌɿ ɬɜɟ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɿʆ ɿ ɯɭɬɤɚ ɩɪɵɜɹɥɿ ɞɚ ɡɦɟɧɚʆ

ɹɤɿɹ ɫɩɚɥɭɱɵɥɿɫɹ ɡ ɜ ɹɪɬɚɧɧɟɦ ȼɿɬɚʆɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɫɚɞ

 ȱɯ ɜɵɪɚɡɚɦ

ɛɵɥɚ ɚɫɬɪɨʆɫɤɚɹ ɞɚɦɨɜɚ ɚɞ  ɝ  ɩɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɹɤɨɣ ȼɿɬɚʆɬ ɩɪɵ

ɧɹ ʆ ɭɥɚɞɭ ɚɞ ɿɦɹ ə ɝɚɣɥɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɧɚɞ Ʌɿɬɜɨɸ ʆ ɜɭɡɟɣɲ ɵɦ

ɫɷɧɫɟ  ɹ ɤɚɹ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɶ  ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ  ɩɚɞ ɩɚɧɚɜɚɧɧɟɦ ɤɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɤɿɯ

ɧɚɦɟɫɧɿɤɚʆ  ɚɥɟ ɿ ɧɚɞ ɭɞɡɟɥɶɧɵɦɿ ɤɧɹɫɬɜɚɦɿ  Ⱥɫɬɪɨʆɫɤɚɹ ɞɚ

ɦɨɜɚ ² ɹɤ ɬɪɚɩɧɚ ɡɚʆɜɚɠɵʆ Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ  ² ɦɟɥɚ ©ɩɟɪɚɥɨɦɧɚɟ

ɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɟ ɉɪɚʆɞɚ  ɹ ɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɵɧɟɫɥɚ ɡɦɟɧɚʆ ɭ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɚɸɪɵ

ɞɵɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɭ Ʌɿɬɜɵ ɞɚ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ ɚɥɟ ɧɚɧɟɫɥɚ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚ

ɰɵ ɿ ɩɚɥɿ ɬɵɱɧɵ ʆɞɚɪ ɛɨ ɜ ɵɹɜɿɥɚ ɩɟɪɚɜ ɚɝɭ ɰɷɧɬɪɚɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɩɥɵ

ɧɹʆ ɧɚɞ ɰɷɧɬɪɚɿɦɤɥɿɜɵɦɿ ɮɚɤɬɚɪɚɦɿ ɿ ɪɚɫɩɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɵ ɹ ɞ ɩɚ

ɫɬɭɩɨɜɚɝɚ ɚɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɶ ɫɤɚɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɝɚ ɫɚɸɡɭª

ɋɭɩɚɫɬɚʆɥɹɸɱɵ ɩɪɵ ɜɟɞɡɟɧɵɹ  ɜ ɵɲɷɣ ɩɚɡɿɰɵɿ ɞɚɜɨɞɡɿɰ

ɰɚ ɡɪɚɛɿɰɶ  ɜɵɫɧɨɜ ɭ  ɲɬɨ ɧɚɫɭɩɟɪɚɤ ɬɷɨɪɵɿ  Ʉɚɥɹ ɧɤɨʆɫɤɚɝɚ

ɩɪɚ ɩɨʆɧɭɸ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵ ɸ Ʌɿ ɬɜɵ ɞɚ  ɝ  ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵɹ

ɬɭɬ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɵ ɧɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ɚɞɪɨɡɧɟɧɧɿ ɹɤɿɹ ɜ ɵɤɥɿɤɚɥɿ ɩɚɦɿɠ

ɿɯ ɚʆɬɚɪɚɦɿ  ɚɠɵʆɥɟɧɭɸ ɞɵ ɫɤɭɫɿɸ  ɦɚɸɰɶ ɿɫɬɨɬɧɵɹ  ɫɭɦɟɠ

ɧɵɹ  ɩɭɧɤɬɵ  Ⱦ ɚ ɿɯ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɰɶ   ɩɪɵ ɡɧɚɧɧɟ  ɲɬɨ ɿ ɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚ

ɰɵɹ  ɤɚɥɿ ɹɧɚ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɦɟɥɚ ɦɟɫɰɚ ɛɵ ɥɚ ɧɹ ɞɨʆɝɿɦ ɷɩɿɡɨɞɚɦ ɚ

ɡ¶ɟɡɞ ɧɚ ɜɵ ɫɩɟ ɋ ɚɥɿɧ ɭ  ɝ  ɫɬɚʆ ɜɹɪɬɚɧɧɟɦ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚ

ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɚɟ ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚɫɰɿ ȼ ɹ ɥɿɤɚɝɚ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚ  ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɚɟ de

3 3

facto əɝɚɣɥɚɦ  ɩɪɵɧɹɰɰɺ ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɞɚɥɭɱɷɧɧɹ  ɤɚɧɫɬ

ɪɭɤɰɵɿ ɹ ɤɚɹ  ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵ ɧɟ ɧɿɲɱɵɥɚ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆ

ɧɚɫɰɿ  ɛɨ ɜ ɵ ɫɬɭɩɚɥɚ ɰɿ ɬɨ ʆ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɿ ʆ ɲɵɪɷɣ

ɲɵɦ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɧɿ Ⱥɞɚɦɭɫ ɰɿ ɬɨ ʆ ɜ ɵɝɥɹɞɡɟ feudum oblatum

Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ Ⱥɛɟɞɡɜ ɟ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɿ ɦɟɥɿ ɧɚ ɦɷɰɟ ɞɚɫɬɚɫɚ

ɜɚɧɧɟ ɞɚ ɩɥɵ ɧɧɚɟ ɧɟ ʆɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɟɧɚɟ ɰɚɥɤɚɦ ɪɷɱɚɿɫɧɚɫɰɿ ɝɧɭɬ

ɱɷɣɲɵɯ ɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵ ɹ ʆ  ɱɵɦ ɤɚɥɹɧɚɹ  ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚ

ɰɵɣɧɚɹ ɬɷɨɪɵ ɹ ʆ ɞɚʆɧɟɣɲɵɦ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɧɿ

Ɍɷɨɪɵɸ ɡɞɡɟɣɫɧɟɧɚɣ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɿ ɚɫɥɚɛɥɹɥɚ ɡɞɚɜ ɚɥɚɫɹ

ɚɞɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɿ ɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɣɧɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɚ Ɋɷɱ ɭ ɬɵ ɦ ɲɬɨ ɩɚɫɥɹ  ɤɪɷʆ

ɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɚ ɹɤɿ  ɦɟʆ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪ ɩɪɷɥɿɦɿɧɚɪɵɹʆ ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟɧɵɯ ɭ ɜɵ-

ɧɿ ɤɭ ɩɪɚɰɹ ɝɥɵɯ ɩɟɪɚɦɨɜɚʆ ɚɛɨɞɜɭɯ ɛɚɤɨʆ ɝɷɬɚɜɵɪɚɡɧɚ ɜɵɧɿ

ɤɚɟ ɡ ɹɝɨɧɚɝɚ ɬɷɤɫɬɭ

 ɯɨɰɶ ɩɚɰɜɟɪɞɠɚɧɵɺɧ ɛɵʆ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɦ

ɛɨɤɚɦ ɞɚ ɧɚɫɧɟ ɞɚɣɲɨʆ ɫɚɦ ɚɤɬɚɛɨ ɚɤɬɵ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɿ ɹɤɿɹ

ɛ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɜɚɥɿ ɝɷɬɭɸ ɩɚɩɹɪɷɞɧɸɸ ɞɚɦɨɜɭ  ɉɪɚʆɞɚ Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ

ɞɚɩɭɫɤɚɟ ² ɩɪɵ ɧɹ ʆɲɵ ɬɷɡɭ ɚɛ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɿ ² ɿɫɧɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɿ

ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɣɧɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɚ ɹɤɿ ɞɚ ɧɚɫ ɧɟɞɚɣɲɨʆ ɿ ɹɤɿ ɦɭɫɿʆ ɛɵɰɶ

ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɚɞ əɝɚɣɥɚɜɚɣ ɤɚɪɚɧɚɰɵɹɣ ,,,  ɚɥɟ ʆɫɤɨɫ

ɧɵɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɹɤɿɹ ɩɪɵɜɨɞɡɿɥɿɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɵɫɰɶ ɝɷɬɚɣ ɞɭɦɤɿ  ɛɵɥɿ

ɩɚɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɵ ɩɚɞ ɫɭɦɧɟʆ

  ɐɹɠɤɚ ɞɚɩɭɫɰɿɰɶ ɿɬɨɟ ɲɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɭɸ

ɩɪɵɧɰɵ ɩɨɜɭɸ ɞɚɦɨɜɭ ɧɿ ɪɚɡɭ ɧɟ ɫɭɫɬɪɷɥɚɫɹ ɫɩɚɫɵɥɤɿ expressis

verbis >ɚɞɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɬɷɤɫɬɚɦ@ ɭ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɵɯ ɤɪɵɧɿɰɚɯ

ɍɹʆɧɵɹ ɫɭɩɹ ɪɷɱɧɚɫɰɿ ɡ ɬɷɡɚɸ ɚɛ ɡɞɡɟɣɫɧɟɧɚɣ ɭ  ɝ

ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɿ ɹɤɿɹ ɜɵɧɿɤɚɸɰɶ ɡ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɲɬɨ ɿ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɝɷɬɚɟ ɞɚɬɵ

Ɉɪɞɷɧ ɩɪɚɰɹɝɜɚʆ ɜɚɣɧɭ ɡ Ʌɿɬɜɨɸ ɬɵɦ ɱɚɫɚɦ ɹɤ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɚ ɡɚɫɬɚ

ɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɡ ɿɦ ɭ ɫɬɚɧɟ ©ɜɟɱɧɚɝɚ ɦɿɪɭª Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ ɫɩɪɚɛɭɟ ɜ ɵɬɥɭɦɚ

ɱɵɰɶ  ɩɪɵ ɧɹʆɲ ɵ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵɸ © ȼɚɣɧɭ ɡ ɤɪɵɠɚɤɚɦɿ

ɩɚɫɥɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɷɧɧɹ ɭɧɿɿ ɮɚɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɜɹɥɚ Ʉɚɪɨɧɚɡ ɬɵɦ  ɲɬɨ tacito

consentu >ɡ ɦɚʆɤɥɿɜɚɟ ɡɝɨɞɵ@ ɚɛɨɞɜɭɯ ɛɚɤɨʆ ɚɛɲɚɪ ɉɨɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ

Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ ʆ ɜɭɡɟɣɲɵɦ ɫɷɧɫɟ ² ɬɨɣ ɹɤɿ ɞɚɥɭɱɵʆɫɹ ɞɚ Ʉ ɚɥɿɲ

ɫɤɚɝɚ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɬɚ ² ɫɤɥɚɞɚʆ ɰɹɩɟɪ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɸª

ɇɚɫɚɦɪɷɱ ɚɞɧɚɤ  ɭ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ Ʌ ɿɬɜɚ ɞɚ

ɹɤɨɟ ɤɪɵɠɚɤɿ ɜɵɫɬɚʆɥɹɥɿ ɬɷɪɵɬɚɪɵɹɥɶ ɧɵɹ ɩɪɷɬɷɧɡɿɿ  ɚɞɧɚɱɚɫɧɚ

ɥɿɱɚɱɵ ɉɨɥɶ ɲɱɭ ɹɤ ɜɵɧɿɤɚɟ ɡ ɜ ɹɞɨɦɵɯ ɤɪɵɠɚɰɤɿɯ ɥɿɫɬɨʆ ɚɞ

 ɝ ɤɪɚɿɧɚɸ ɡ ɹɤɨɣ ɿɯ ɡɜɹɡɜɚɸɰɶ ɦɿɪɧɵɹ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɿ

Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɡ ɬɚɝɨ ɲɬɨ ɿ ɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɹ  ɧɟ ɡɧɚɣɲ ɥɚ ɚɞɛɿɬɤɭ ʆ

ɫɮɟɪɵ ɤɪɵɠɚɰɤɚɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɯ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɚʆ  ɧɟ ɜɵɧɿɤɚɟ  ɲ ɬɨ ɹ ɟ ɧɟ

ɛɵɥɨ  ɉɪɨɫɬɚ ɤɪɵ ɠɚɤɿ ɧɟ ɩɪɵɧɹɥɿ ɞɚ ɜɟɞɚɦɚ ɮɚɤɬɚ  ɹ ɤɿ ɿɯ ɧɟ

ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɶɧɹ ʆ  ɚ ɩɨɥɶ ɫɤɿ  ɛɨɤ ² ɞɚ ɱɚɫɭ ² ɛɨɥɶ ɲ ɯɚɰɟʆ ɧɚ

ɫɜ ɚɺɣ ɦɹɠɵ  ɦɿɪɭ  ɬɚɦɭ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɿʆ ɡɝɷɬɭɥɶ ɜɵɫɧɨɜɚʆ Ɍɷɡɚ ɩɪɚ

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ

3 4

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɤɪɵɧɿ ɰɚɯ  ɚɥɟ ɞɥɹ  ɚɛɝɪɭɧɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɚɛ ɡɞɡɟɣɫɧɟɧɚɣ

ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵ ɿ ɹɧɚ ɿ ɧɟɩɚɬɪɷɛɧɚɹ  ɋ ɬɚɧ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɩɚɦɿɠ Ɉɪɞɷɧɚɦ

ɿ Ʌɿ ɬɜɨɸ ɩɚɫɥɹ   ɝ ɭ ɦɿɠɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɷɩɨɯɿ

ɮɟɚɞɚɥɿ ɡɦɭ ɤɚɥɿ² ɹ ɤɫɰɜɹɪɞɠɚɟ ɫɚɦ Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ ² ɜ ɚɣɧɚ ɧɟ

ɛɵɥɚ ɚɬɪɵɛɭɬɚɦ ɫɭɜɟɪɷɧɧɚɫɰɿ  ɿ ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚ ɜ ɟɞɡɟɧɵɹ ɥɟɧɧɿ

ɤɚɦɿ ɜ ɨɣɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ʆ ɩɚɪɚɞɤɭ ɪɷɱɚʆ ɜ ɵɞɚɬɧɚ ʆɩɿɫɜɚʆɫɹ  ʆ ɬɚɝɚ

ɱɚɫɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚʆɧɚɩɪɚɜ ɚɜɵɯ ɩɚɧɹ ɰɰɹ ʆ  ɹ ɤɿɹ  ɧɟ ɚɞɩɚ

ɜɹɞɚɸɰɶ ɫɺɧɧɹɲɧɿɦ ɭɹʆɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɚɛ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ

 ɇɚ

ɧɚɲɭɸ ɞɭɦɤɭ  ɱɵɦ ɦɟɧɲ ɭ ɪɵɲɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɯ ɜ ɚɤɨɥ ɧɚɜɭɤɨɜɚɣ

ɬɷɨɪɵɿ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɿ ɛɭɞɡɟ ɝɿɩɨɬɷɡɚʆ  ɹ ɤɿɹ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɹɰɶ ɩɚ

ɰɜɟɪɞɠɚɧɧɹ ʆ ɤɪɵɧɿɰɚɯ  ɬɵɦ ɥɹɝɱɷɣ ɛɭɞɡɟ ɚɛɚɪɚɧɿɰɶ ɫɚɦ ɹ ɟ

ɩɪɵ ɧɰɵɩ ɹ ɤɿ ɚɫɩɪɷɱɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɫɺɧɧɹ  ɿ ʆ ɩɨɥɶ ɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ

ɩɪɚɞɦɟɬɚ

Ʉɪɷʆɫɤɿ ɚɤɬ ɞɚɟ ɞɚɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɵɹ  ɩɚɞɫɬɚɜɵ  ɤɚɛ ɫɰɜɟɪɞɡɿɰɶ

ɲɬɨ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿ ɛɨɤ ɞɷɤɥɚɪɚɜɚʆ ɭ ɿɦ ɡɝɨɞɭ ɧɚɩɪɵ ɥɭɱɷɧɧɟ ɝɷɬɵ

ɬɷɪɦɿɧ [SU]\áąF]HQLH] ɡɞɚɟɰɰɚ ɧɚɣɥɟɩɲ ɚɞɩɚɜ ɹ ɞɚɟ ɥɚɰɿ ɧɫɤɚ

ɦɭ applicare Ʌ ɿɬɜ ɵ ɞɚ Ʉ ɚɪɨɧɵ ɉɨɥɶ ɫɤɚɝɚ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ  ɧɟ

ɩɪɚɞɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɸɱɵ  ʆ ɞɷɬɚɥɹɯ ɹɝɨɧɚɝɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ Ʉ ɚɛ ɩɚɬɥɭɦɚ

ɱɵɰɶ ɫɬɚɧ  ɹɤɿ ɫɬɜɚɪɵʆɫɹ ɞɡɹ ɤɭɸɱɵ Ʉɪɷʆɫɤɚɦɭ ɚɤɬɚ  ɬɪɷɛɚ

ɡɜɹɪɧɭɰɰɚ ɞɚ ɤɪɵɧɿɰɵ  ɹɲɱɷ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɚɚɧɚɥɿɡɚɜɚʆɲɵ ɡɦɟɫɬ ɚɤɬɭ

ɚɞ VIII ɝɁ ɹ ɝɨ ɹɫɧɚ ɜɵɧɿɤɚɥɚ ɲɬɨ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧ

ɬɚɦ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɞɚɦɨɜ ɵ ɛɵɥɨ ʆɫɵɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɟ ə ɝɚɣɥɵ ɤɚɪɚɥɟɜɚɣ

Ⱥɥɶɠɛɟɬɚɣ ɿ ɚɞɞɚɧɧɟɡɚ ɹɝɨ ə ɞɜɿɝɿ ɲɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɿ ɦɟɥɚɫɹ  ɜ ɵ

ɤɥɿɤɚɰɶ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɸ ʆɫɿɯ ɫɭɬɧɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɚʆ ɡɦɟɲɱɚɧɵɯ

ɭ ɚɤɰɟ  ɚ ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ  ɩɪɵɧɹɰɰɺə ɝɚɣɥɚɦ ɪɚɡɚɦ ɡ ɧɟɚɯɪɵɲɱɚ

ɧɵɦɿ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɶ ɥɿ ɬɨʆɫɤɿɦɿ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɦɿ ɿ ɥɸɞɚɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɿɰɤɚɟ ɜɟɪɵ

 ɜ ɵɤɚɪɵɫɬɚɧɧɟ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɫɤɚɪɛɭ ɞɡɟɥɹ  ɜ ɹ ɪɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɷɪɵ ɬɚɪɵ 

ɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɚʆ regnorum utrorumque, tam Poloniae, quam etiam

Litvaniae >ɚɛɨɞɜɭɯ ɤɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚʆ  ɹɤ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ  ɝɷɬɚ ɿ Ʌɿɬɜɵ@

ɡɜɟɪɧɟɦ ɬɭɬ ɭɜ ɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɮɚɪɦɭɥɺʆɤɭ ɿɯ ɪɚʆɧɚɩɪɚʆɧɚɫɰɿ ʆ ɬɵ ɦ

ɫɚɦɵ ɦ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɰɟ  ɹɤɿ ɛɵ ɰɰɚɦ ɩɪɚɞɭɝɥɟɞɠɜɚʆ ɥɿɤɜɿɞɚɰɵɸ

ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɟ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚɜ ɵ  ɜɵ ɩɥɚɬɚ kary wadialnej ɧɚ ɤɚɪɵ ɫɰɶ

ȼɿɥɶ ɝɟɥɶɦɚ Ƚɚɛɫɛɭɪɝɚ ɡɚ ɧɹɜɵɤɚɧɚɧɚɟ ɚɛɹɰɚɧɧɟ ɲɥɸɛɭ ɡ ə ɞ

ɜɿɝɚɣ  ɜɹɪɬɚɧɧɟ ʆɥɚɫɧɵɦɿ ɫɪɨɞɤɚɦɿ ɬɷɪɵɬɚɪɵɹ ɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚ

ɬɚʆ ɹɤɿɹ ɩɚɧɟɫɥɚ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɚ  ɜɹɪɬɚɧɧɟ ɫɜɚɛɨɞɵ ɯɪɵɫɰɿɹɧɫɤɿɦ

ɩɚɥɨɧɧɵɦ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ɩɚɥɹɤɚɦ  ɞɚɥɭɱɷɧɧɟ ɡɟɦɥɹʆ Ʌɿɬɜɵ ɿ Ɋɭɫɿ

ɞɚ Ʉ ɚɪɨɧɵ ɉɨɥɶ ɫɤɚɝɚ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ

6 8

Ɍɷɤɫɬ ɞɚɦɨɜɵ ɭ ɹɤɿɦ ɭɫɟ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɚɛɚɜ ɹɡɚɥɶɧɿ ɰɬɜ ɵ ɫɩɚɞɚɥɿ

ɧɚ əɝɚɣɥɭ ɩɚɰɜɹɪɞɠɚʆ ɛɵ ɩɨɝɥɹ ɞ ɉɚɲ ɤɟɜɿɱɚ ɲɬɨ ɹɤɪɚɡ ɜɹɥɿɤɿ

3 5

ɤɧɹɡɶ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿ ² ɚ ɧɟ ɩɚɥɹɤɿ ² ɛɵʆ ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲ  ɡɚɰɿɤɚʆɥɟɧɵ  ʆ

ɚɠɵ ɰɰɹ ʆɥɟɧɧɿ ɞɚɦɨɜ ɵ

6 9

 ʆ ɿ ɧɬɚɪɷɫɚɯ ɹ ɤ ɫɜɚɿɯ  ɬɚɤ ɿ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ

ɚɬɚɱɷɧɧɹ  ɿ ɫɜɚɟ ɤɪɚɿɧɵ Ʉ ɚɥɿ ɠ ɿɧɿɰɵ ɹɬɵɜɚ ɞɚɦɨɜɵ ɡɵɯɨɞɡɿɥɚ

ɚɞ ə ɝɚɣɥɵ  ɬɨ ɧɟ ɞɡɿɜɚ ɲɬɨ ʆ Ʉ ɪɷʆɫɤɿɦ ɚɤɰɟ ɡɧɚɣɲɥɿ ɜɵɪɚɡ

ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɹ ɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɵɹ ɩɚɧɹɰɰɿ ɧɟ ɤɚɧɟɱɧɟ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɵɹ

Ʉɪɷʆɫɤɿ  ɚɤɬ ɿ ɿ ɧɲɵɹ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ  ɜɵɞɚɞɡɟɧɵɹ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɹɝɨ

ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɭ ɞɭɦɤɭ  ɞɚɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɚ ɤɪɚɫɚɦɨʆɧɚ ɩɚɰɜ ɹɪɞɠɚɸɰɶ  ɬɷɡɭ

ɲɬɨ əɝɚɣɥɚ ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɸɱɵ ɫɭɩɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɫɚ ɫɜɚɿ ɦɿ ɛɪɚɬɚɦɿ  ɛɚɱɵʆ

ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵ ɸ Ʉ ɪɷʆɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɚ ʆ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɚɛ¶ ɹɞɧɚɧɧɹ  ɚɛɟɞɡɜɸɯ

ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɚʆ ɭ ɚɞɧɭ Ⱥɥɟ ɞɡɟɥɹ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɹɧɵ ɧɟ ɦɭɫɿ ɥɿ ɡɵɯɨɞɡɿɰɶ  ɡ

ɩɪɵ ɧɰɵɩɚʆ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɚɩɪɚɜɚɜɵɯ  ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵ ɹʆ ɿ ɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɿ

ɰɿ  feudum oblatum Ʉɚɛ ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɰɶ ɫɬɚɧ ɹɤɿ ʆɬɜɚɪɵ ʆɫɹ ʆ ɜɵ

ɧɿ ɤɭ ɤɪɷʆɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɚ ɚ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ɹ ɝɨ ɦɚɥɚ ɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɚɟ ɸɪɵɞɵɱ

ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɵ ʆ ɫɮɟɪɵ  ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɝɚ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɭ Ʌɿɬɜɵ ɞɚ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ

ɬɚɤɨɣ ɚɞɪɨɡɧɚɟ ɚɞ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɚʆ  ɧɚɩɪɵ ɤɥɚɞ ȼɿɥɟɧɫɤɚ

Ɋɚɞɚɦɫɤɚɟ ɭɧɿ ɿ  ɝ ɰɿ Ƚɚɪɚɞɡɟɥɶɫɤɚɟ  ɝ  ² ɧɚɥɟɠɚɥɚ ɛ

ɡɜɹɪɧɭɰɶ ɛɨɥɶɲ ɭɸ ʆɜ ɚɝɭ  ɱɵɦ ɭ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɹɲɧɹ ɣ ɥɿ ɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ

ɩɪɚɞɦɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɦɟɲɱɚɧɵɹ ɬɚɦ ɩɚɬɪɵɦɚɧɿɹɥɶ ɧɵɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ  əɧɵ

ɜɵɧɿɤɚɥɿ ɡ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɲ ɬɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɶɧɿɤɚɦɿ ɚɤɬɚ ʆ Ʉɪɷɜɟ ɛɵɥɿ əɝɚɣɥɚ

ɡ ɛɪɚɬɚɦɿ  ɹɤɿ ɹ ʆɧɟɫɥɿ ʆ ɹɝɨ ɛɚɝɚɠ ɭɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɵɯ ɩɚ

ɧɹɰɰɹʆ ɚɛ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜ ɟ  ɩɚɧɹ ɰɰɹʆ ɩɟɪɚɜ ɚɠɧɚ ɩɚɬɪɵɦɚɧɿ ɹɥɶɧɚɝɚ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ  əɞɧɚɧɧɟ ɚɛɟɞɡɶ ɜɸɯ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɚʆ ɩɚɞ ɭɥɚɞɚɣ ɭɥɚɫ

ɧɚɝɚ ɜɹɥɿɤɚɝɚ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɹɤɿ ɫɬɚʆ ɤɚɪɚɥɺɦ ɉɨɥɶɲ ɱɵ  ɦɭɫɿɥɚ ɡɞɚ

ɜɚɰɰɚ ɿɦ ɧɟɱɵɦ ɧɚɬɭɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɛɭɦɨʆɥɟɧɵ ɦ ɩɪɵɧɰɵ ɩɚɦɿ

ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɹɤɿ ɹ ɪɷɝɭɥɹɜ ɚɥɿ ɿ ɦɿɠɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɹ  ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɿ

ɉɚɱɧɟɦ ɡ ɚɞɡɿɧɚɟ ɚɥɟ ɿ ɩɪɵɧɰɵɩɨɜɚɟ  ɭɦɨɜɵ ɚɞ ɜ ɵɤɚ

ɧɚɧɧɹ ɹ ɤɨɟ ə ɝɚɣɥɚ ɿ ɹɝɨ ɛɪɚɬɵ ɫɬɚɜɿɥɿ ʆ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɶ ɫɩɚʆɧɟɧ

ɧɟ ʆɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɚɛɚɜɹɡɚɰɟɥɶ ɫɬɜɚʆ  «Ideo, serenissima princeps —

ɡɜɹɪɬɚɥɿɫɹ əɝɚɣɥɚɜɵ  ɩɚɫɥɵ ɞɚ Ⱥɥɶɠɛɟɬɵ Ȼɚɫɧɹɱɤɿ ² suspiciat

vestra maiestas eundem dominum Jagallonem magnum ducem in

filium et… Hedvi gim filiam vestram carissimam, reginam Poloniae,

sibi i n legitimam consortem copulantes» >© Ɍɚɦɭ ɧɚɣɹɫɧɟɣɲ ɚɹ

ɤɧɹɝɿɧɹ « ɧɹɯɚɣ ȼɚɲɚ ɜɹɥɿɤɚɫɰɶ ɩɪɵ ɦɟ ɬɚɝɨ ɠ ɩɚɧɚ əɝɚɣɥɭ

ɜɹɥɿ ɤɚɝɚ ɤɧɹɡɹ  ɡɚ ɫɵɧɚ ɚ « ə ɞɜ ɿɝɭ ɤɚɪɚɥɟɜɭ ɉɨɥɶ ɲɱɵ  ɡɚ

ȼɚɲ ɭɸ ɧɚɣɦɿɥɟɣɲɭɸ ɞɚɱɤɭ ɛɨ ɹ ɧɵ ʆɫɬɭɩɚɸɰɶ ɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵ

ɲɥɸɛª]

. ȼɨɫɶ  ɠɚ ɧɚɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɿɞɡɟ ɩɪɨɫɶ ɛɚ ɞɚ ɤɚɪɚɥɟɜɵɦɚɰɿ

ɩɪɵɧɹɰɶ əɝɚɣɥɭ ɡɚ ɫɵ ɧɚ  ɿɧɚɤɲ ɤɚɠɭɱɵ ɚɛ ɹɝɨ ʆɫɵɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɿ

ɚɞɚɥɟ ɚɛ ɜ ɵɞɚɱɵ ɡɚ ɹɝɨ ɞɚɱɤɿ ɜɚɥɚɞɚɪɤɿ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜ ɚ ɉɨɥɶɫɤɚ

ɝɚ Ɂɜɚɪɨɬ «suscipiat… in fili um» ɦɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɟɦ ɡɚ ɷɬɵɤɟɬ

ɧɵ ɤɚɥɿʆɥɿɱɜɚɰɶ ɲɬɨ ɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ ɿ Ɋɭɫɿ ɡɹɰɶ ɹ ɤɿ ɩɪɵɦɚʆ ɪɚɡɚɦ

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ

3 6

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɡ ɞɡɟɞɡɿɱɤɚɸ ɦɚɺɧɬɚɤ ɹ ɟ ɛɚɰɶɤɨʆ  ɹ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɿɥɚ ɭɫɵɧɚʆɥɹ ʆɫɹ

ɿɦɿ

 Ⱦ ɥɹ əɝɚɣɥɵ ɿ ɹɝɨɧɚɝɚɚɬɚɱɷɧɧɹ  ɩɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɞɭɦɤɿ ɩɚɬɪɵɦɚ

ɧɿ ɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɵɧɰɵɩɚʆ ɬɚɤɚɹ  ɩɪɚɰɷɞɭɪɚ ɦɭɫɿɥɚ ɛɵɰɶ ɧɚɪɦɚɥɶ

ɧɚɸ ɿ ʆ ɦɿɠɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɚɯ

ɍ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɤɚɧɬɷɤɫɰɟ ɬɪɷɛɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɰɶ ɜɹɞɨɦɭɸ ɿ ɧɹ ɪɚɡ ɞɵ ɫ

ɤɭɬɚɜɚɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɛɥɟɦɭ ə ɞɜɿɡɿɧɚɝɚ ɜɟɧɚ Ɂɚɯɚɜɚɥɿɫɹ  ɡɝɚɞɤɿ  ɲ ɬɨ

əɝɚɣɥɚ ɡɚɣɦɚɸɱɵ  ʆ ɫɿɥɭ ɲɥɸɛɭ ɡ əɞɜɿ ɝɚɸ ɩɨɥɶ ɫɤɿ ɬɪɨɧ ɚɞ

ɞɚʆ ɺɣ ɭ ɹ ɤɚɫɰɿ ɜɟɧɚ ʆɥɚɫɧɭɸ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚɜɭ

 ɇɚɣɛɨɥɶ ɲ ɩɚɞɪɚ

ɛɹɡɧɚ ɩɚɜɟɞɚɦɥɹɟ ɩɪɚ ɝɷɬɚ ɩɪɭɫɤɿ ɯɪɚɧɿɫɬ ɉɨɫɿɥɝe: ɺɧ ɩɿɲɚ

ɩɪɚ ɥɿɫɬ ɹɤɿ əɞɜɿɝɚ ɧɚɤɿɪɚɜɚɥɚ © ɥɸɛɚɦɭ ɛɪɚɬɭ ȼɿɬɚʆɬɭª  ɿ ʆ

ɹɤɿɦ ɧɿɛɵɬɚ ɩɿɫɚɥɚ ɲɬɨ² ɩɚɤɨɥɶɤɿ ɹɧɚ ɚɬɪɵɦɚɥɚɡɟɦɥɿ Ʌɿɬɜɵ

ɿ Ɋ ɭɫɿ ɹɤ Morgingabe ɝɷɬɚ ɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ ©ɪɚɧɿɲɧɿ ɩɚɞɚɪɭɧɚɤª ɚɥɶ

ɛɨ ɜɟɧɚ ² ɩɪɨɫɿɰɶ ɫɚɛɟ ɧɚɡɜ ɚɧɵ ɹ ɱɵ ɧɲɵ ɡ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵɯ ɡɟɦ

ɥɹ ʆ (nemel iche Czinse ( von) nemelichen L anden)

 ɇɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ

Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɚɝɚ ɝɷɬɚ ɩɚɤɚɡɜɚɟ ɲɬɨ ɥɟɧɚ ɚɯɨɩɥɿɜɚɥɚ ɧɟ ʆɫɸ Ʌɿɬɜ ɭ

ɚɥɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɧɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹ  ©ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵɹ  ɱɵɧɲɵɿ ɜɨɥɚɫɰɿ ɹɤɿɹ  ɫɤɥɚ

ɞɚɥɿ ɜɟɧɧɵ ɡɚɩɿɫª  ɛɨ ɺɧ ɧɟ ɥɿɱɵɰɶ ɲɬɨ ɩɪɵ ʆɪɷɝɭɥɹɜɚɧɧɿ

ʆɡɚɟɦɧɚɝɚ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɭ Ʉɚɪɨɧɵ ɿ Ʌɿɬɜɵ ɛɚɤɿ ɡɜɹɪɬɚɥɿɫɹ ɞɚ ɩɪɚɞ

ɩɿ ɫɚɧɧɹʆ ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ  Ƚɷɬɚɹ ɜɵɫɧɨɜ ɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɭɟɰɰɚ ɧɚ ɩɚ

ɤɥɿɤɚɧɧɿ  əɝɚɣɥɵ ɧɚ ɬɪɨɧ ɲɥɹ ɯɚɦ ɷɥɟɤɰɵɿ ɹ ɤɚɹ  ɚɞɛɵɥɚɫɹ

2.II. ɝ  ɭ Ʌɸɛɥɿɧɟ ɬɨ ɛɨɤ ɩɪɚɡ ɚɤɬ ɝɪɚɦɚɞɫɤɚɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɚ

ɝɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ

7 5

  Ⱥɥɟ ɚɞɧɚɪɷɱ ɚɛɪɚɧɧɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɚɥɹ ʆ ɉɨɥɶ ɲɱɵ

ɭ ɹ ɤɨɣ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚʆɧɵ ɥɚɞ ɝɪɭɧɬɚɜɚʆɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɚɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɚɣ

ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵ ɿ  ɿ ɡɭɫɿɦ ɿɧɲ ɚɟ ² ɩɚɬɪɵ ɦɚɧɿɹɥɶ ɧɚɹ ɸɪɵ ɞɵɱɧɚ

ɤɚɧɫɬɵɬɭɰɵɣɧɚɹ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɹ  ɹ ɤɚɹ ɩɚɧɚɜɚɥɚ ɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ ɿ ɜɵɪɚɡ

ɹɤɨɣ ɞɚʆ ə ɝɚɣɥɚ ɇɚɣɩɪɚʆɞɚɩɚɞɨɛɧɟɣ əɝɚɣɥɚ ² ɡɝɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɬɷɤ

ɫɬɚɦ ɉɨɫɿɥɝɿ ² ɩɪɚɩɚɧɚɜɚʆ əɞɜɿɡɟ ʆ ɹ ɤɚɫɰɿ ɜɟɧɚ ɧɟ ʆɫɺ ȼɹ 

ɥɿɤɚɟ Ʉɧɹɫɬɜɚ ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɬɵɹ ɡɟɦɥɿ  ɧɚɞ ɹ ɤɿɦɿ ɚɠɵ ɰɰɹ ʆɥɹ ʆ ɧɟ

ɩɚɫɪɷɞɧɭɸ ʆɥɚɞɭ  ɰɿ ɦɨɠɚ ɧɚɜ ɚɬ ² ɿ ʆ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɦɵ ɡɛɥɿɠɚɟɦɫɹ

ɡ ɩɨɝɥɹ ɞɚɦɿ Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɚɝɚ ² ɿɯ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɬɪɚɰɿɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɚɥɨɜ ɭ

ɤɚɛ ɧɟ ɩɚɪɭɲɚɰɶ ɿɧɬɚɪɷɫɚʆ ɫɜɚɿ ɯ ɛɪɚɬɨʆ

  Ƚ ɷɬɚ ɚɞɧɚɤ  ɧɟ

ɩɹɪɷɱɵ ɰɶ ɬɷɡɟ ɚɛ ɩɚɬɪɵ ɦɚɧɿ ɹɥɶ ɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɭ ɞɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵ ɿ

Ʌɿ ɬɜɵ Ƚɷɬɵ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɚɤ ɜɵɹ ɜɿʆɫɹ ɿ ʆ ɬɵɦ ɲɬɨ ʆ ɤɪɷʆɫɤɿɦ ɚɤɰɟ

ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚʆ ɧɟ ɫɚɦ ɜɹ ɥɿɤɿ ɤɧɹɡɶ  ɚ ɰɷɥɚɹ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɹ  ɹɤɚɹ  ɪɚɡɭ

ɦɟɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɤɚɬɷɝɨɪɵɹɯ ɫɹ ɦɟɣɧɚɣ ɫɭɩɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɿ ɩɚɤɨɥɶ ɤɿ ə ɝɚɣɥɚ

ɜɵɫɬɚʆɥɹʆ ɚɤɬ ©una cum fratribus nostris infrascriptisª >©ɪɚɡɚɦ

ɡ ɧɚɲɵ ɦɿ ɧɿɠɷɣ ɩɚɞɩɿɫɚɧɵɦɿ ɛɪɚɬɚɦɿª @ ɬɨ ɛɨɤ ɫɚ ɋɤɿɪɝɚɣ

ɥɚɦ Ʉ ɚɪɵ ɛɭɬɚɦ ȼɿɬɚʆɬɚɦ ɿ Ʌɿɧɝɜɟɧɟɦ «ducibus Litw anorum

et in persona aliorum fratrum nostrorum presentium et absentium».

Ƚɷɬɚ ɰɚɥɤɚɦ ɚɞɩɚɜ ɹɞɚɥɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɰɵ ɹɤɚɹ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɶ  ɩɚɧɚɜɚɥɚ ɧɚ

3 7

Ʌɿɬɜ ɟ ɤɚɥɿ ʆ ɞɚɦɨɜɚɯ ɡ Ɇɚɡɨʆɲɚɦ ɭ  ɝ

 ɿɡ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɚɸ ʆ

 ɝ

7 8

 ɧɚ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɦ ɛɚɤɭ ɫɭɩɨɥɶ ɧɚ ɜ ɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɿ ɤɧɹɡɿ ɲɬɨ

ɧɚɥɟɠɚɥɿ ɞɚ ɪɨɞɭ Ƚɟɞɵɦɿɧɚɜ ɿɱɚʆ ɪɚɡɚɦ ɡ ɫɵɧɚɦɿ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸ

ɱɵ ɞɚɦɨɜɵ ɿ ɚɞ ɿɦɹ ɚɞɫɭɬɧɵɯ ɛɪɚɬɨʆ

ɇɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ʆɤɪɚɿɧɫɤɿɯ ɞɚɫɥɟɞɱɵɤɚʆ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɪɷɛɚ ɚɞɪɨɡ

ɧɿ ɜɚɰɶ ɭɥɚɞɭ ɜɹɥɿɤɚɝɚ ɤɧɹɡɹ  ɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ ʆ ɜɭɡɟɣɲɵɦ ɫɷɧɫɟ  ɞɡɟ

ɹɧɚ ɦɟɥɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪ ɩɪɵɜɚɬɧɚɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɵ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ɧɚ ɀɦɭɞɡɿ

ɚɞ ɹ ɝɨɧɚɝɚ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɭ ɞɚ ɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɡɟɦɥɹʆ ɞɡɟ ɞɚɦɿɧɚɜ ɚʆ ɩɭɛɥɿɱ

ɧɚɸɪɵ ɞɵɱɧɵ ɩɪɵɧɰɵ ɩ ɹ ɤɿ  ɡɜɹɡɜɚʆ ɫɭɜ ɟɪɷɧɧɚɫɰɶ ɡ ɞɵɧɚɫ

ɬɵ ɹɣ Ɋɭɪɵɤɚɜɿɱɚʆ ɹ ɤ ɰɷɥɵɦ  ɩɪɵ ɬɵɦ ɲ ɬɨ ɤɨɠɧɵ ɡ ɭɞɡɟɥɶ

ɧɵɯ ɤɧɹ ɡɺʆ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɹ ʆ ɱɚɫɬɤɭ ɝɷɬɚɟ ɫɭɜ ɟɪɷɧɧɚɟ ʆɥɚɞɵ  ɍ

XIV ɫɬ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɩɪɚɜ ɵ Ɋɭɪɵɤɚɜɿɱɚʆ ɩɟɪɚɣɲɥɿ ʆ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ȼɹ ɥɿɤɚɝɚ

Ʉɧɹ ɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɸ Ƚɟɞɵɦɿ ɧɚɜɿ ɱɚʆ  ɹɤɚɹ  ɫɬɚɥɚ © ɫɭɩɨɥɶ ɧɚ

ʆɥɚɫɧɿɤɚɦ ɫɭɜ ɟɪɷɧɧɚɟ ʆɥɚɞɵª  Ɂ ɬɚɟ ɩɚɪɵ © ʆɜɟɫɶ ɪɨɞ Ƚɟɞɵ

ɦɿɧɚɜɿ ɱɚʆ ɥɿ ɱɵʆɫɹ ɡɚ ɧɨɫɶɛɿɬɚ ɫɭɜ ɟɪɷɧɧɚɟ ʆɥɚɞɵª  ʆ ȼɹɥɿɤɿɦ

Ʉɧɹɫɬɜ ɟ  ȼɹɥɿɤɿ ɤɧɹɡɶ  ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɫɬɚɹ ʆ ɧɚ ɱɚɥɟ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɿ  ɩɪɚɞ

ɫɬɚʆɥɹ ʆ ɹɟ ɿ  ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚɜɭ ɧɚɜɨɧɤɿ  ɚɥɟ ɜ ɚ ʆɫɿɯ ɜ ɚɠɧɵ ɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɚɯ

ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚʆ ɭ ɩɚɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɧɿ ɡ ɚɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɿ ɤɧɹ ɡɹɦɿ ɩɚɧɨʆɧɚɟ ɞɵ ɧɚ

ɫɬɵɿ

7 9

  ɇɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚ ɚɞ ɡɝɨɞɧɚɫɰɿ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ʆɹʆɥɟɧɧɹ ɡ ɮɚɤɬɵɱ

ɧɵ ɦ ɫɬɚɧɚɦ ɩɪɚ ɲɬɨ ɧɿɠɷɣ ɬɪɷɛɚ ɹɤ ɧɚɣɫɭɪ¶ɺɡɧɟɣ ɡɚɫɰɟɪɚɝ

ɱɵ ɚɞ ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɧɹ  ɬɚɝɚɱɚɫɧɚɝɚ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɪɷɱɚʆ ɭ ɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɤɧɹ 

ɫɬɜɚɯ ɹ ɤ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɚɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɭ ɉɚ ɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ

ɿ Ʌɿɬɜ ɟ ɩɚɧɚɜɚɥɚ ʆ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɹ ɩɚɬɪɵ ɦɚɧɿɹɥɶ ɧɚɟ ɞɡɹ ɪ

ɠɚɜɵ  ɛɥɿɡɤɚɹ  ɞɚ ɬɚɟ  ɹɤɚɹ  ɿɫɧɚɜ ɚɥɚ ɿ  ʆ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ   ɩɚɤɭɥɶ  ɭ

XIV ɫɬ ɧɟ ɫɮɚɪɦɚɜ ɚɥɚɫɹ ɩɚɧɹɰɰɟ C orona Regni >Ʉɚɪɨɧɚ Ʉɚ

ɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ@  Ɂɝɨɞɧɚ ɡ ɝɷɬɚɣ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɹɣ ɫɵɧɵ ɩɚɧɭɸɱɚɝɚ ɭɞ

ɡɟɥɶ ɧɚɝɚ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɜɚɥɨɞɚɥɿ ɫɭɩɨɥɶ ɧɵ ɦ ɩɪɚɜ ɚɦ ɩɚɧɚɜɚɧɧɹ  ɹɤɨɟ

ɪɷɚɥɿɡɨʆɜ ɚɥɚɫɹ ɚɥɶ ɛɨ ɩɪɚɡ ɩɚɞɡɟɥ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɹ ɲɧɹ ɣ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ

ɤɧɹɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɹ ɦɟɧɲɵɹ ʆɞɡɟɥɵ  ɚɥɶɛɨ ² ɹɤ ɧɹɪɚɡ ɡɞɚɪɚ

ɥɚɫɹ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ ɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɿ ʆ ɉɨɥɶ ɲɱɵ ² ɩɪɚɡ ɧɟɩɚɞɡɟɥɶ ɧɚɟ

ʆɥɚɞɚɧɧɟ ɛɪɚɬɨʆ ɇɚɣɛɨɥɶɲ ɲɦɚɬɥɿɤɿɹ  ɩɪɵ ɤɥɚɞɵ ɤɧɹ ɠɚɝɚ

ɧɟɞɡɹɥɭ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɧɚɣɫɰɿ ʆ ɤɪɵɧɿɰɚɯ ɩɚʆɧɨɱɧɚʆɫɯɨɞɧɹɟ Ɋɭɫɿ ʆ

XIII–XIV ɫɬ

 Ʌɸɛɚʆɫɤɿ ɹɤɿ ʆɜɨɝɭɥɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚʆ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɶ ɩɚ

ɬɪɵɦɚɧɿɹ ɥɶɧɚɣ ɬɷɨɪɵɿ ɡɜɹ ɪɧɭʆ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɲɬɨ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɹ ɤɧɹɡɿ ɧɟ

ɦɭɫɿɥɿ ɲ ɭɤɚɰɶ ɫɚɛɟ ʆɡɨɪɚʆ ɧɚ Ɋɭɫɿ

8 1

  ɚ Ʌɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ ɩɚɫɩɪɚɛɚ

ɜɚʆ ɫɮɚɪɦɭɥɹɜɚɰɶ  ɩɚɫɹ ɪɷɞɧɸɸ ɩɚɡɿɰɵ ɸ  Ɂɚ ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲ ɚɞɩɚ

ɜɟɞɧɵ ɬɚɝɚɱɚɫɧɚɣ ɝɿɫɬɚɪɵɱɧɚɣ ɪɷɱɚɿɫɧɚɫɰɿ  ɺɧ ɩɪɵɡɧɚʆ ɫɬɚɧ

ɭ ɹ ɤɿ ɦ ɩɚɬɪɵ ɦɚɧɿɹɥɶ ɧɚɹ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɹ  ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ ɩɪɨɰɿɫɬɚɹɥɚ

ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɚɣ ɟɞɧɚɫɰɿ   ɩɪɚɞɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɚɣ ɫɟɧɶɺɪɚɦ ɹɤɿ

ɚɛɚɩɿɪɚʆɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɹ ɪɫɬɜɚ ² ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɜɚɧɭɸ ɜɚɣɫɤɨɜɭɸ ɫɿɥɭ ɞɡɹ ɪ

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ

3 8

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɠɚɜɵ

 Ⱦɚ ɩɷʆɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɭ ɚɞɧɚɤ ɿ ɦɤɧɟɧɧɟ ɡɚɯɨʆɜɚɰɶ ɟɞɧɚɫɰɶ

ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɚ ɜɵɪɚɡ ɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ  ɹɤɿɹ  ɜ ɵɩɥɵ ɜɚɥɿ ɡ ɩɚ

ɬɪɵ ɦɚɧɿ ɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɧɹɰɰɹʆ

8 3

  Ƚ ɷɬɚ ɧɟ ɫɭɩɹɪɷɱɵ ɰɶ ɬɷɡɟ  ɹɤɭɸ

ɛɚɪɚɧɿʆ Ʌ ɚʆɦɹɧɫɤɿ  ɲ ɬɨ ɩɚɥɿɬɵ ɱɧɵɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɵɿ ɹɤɿɹ  ɜɵɤɨɧɜɚ

ɥɚ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵ ɹ  ɧɟ ɫɩɪɵ ɹ ɥɿ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɧɸ ɪɨɞɚɜɚɣ ɫɚɥɿɞɚɪɧɚɫɰɿ

ɫɹɪɨɞ ɹ ɟ ɱɚɥɶɰɨʆ  ȱɫɧɚɜɚɥɚ ɪɨɡɧɿ ɰɚ ɩɚɦɿɠ ɞɚɥɟɣɲɵɦɿ ɤɪɷʆ

ɧɵ ɦɿ ɩɚɫɚɞɠɚɧɵɦɿ  ɩɚ ʆɞɡɟɥɚɯ ɭ ɹɤɚɫɰɿ ɧɚɦɟɫɧɿɤɚʆ ɿ ɜɹɥɿɤɿɦ

ɤɧɹɡɟɦ ɡ ɹɝɨɧɚɣ ɧɚɣɛɥɿɠɷɣɲɚɣ ɫɹ ɦ¶ ɺɸ

Ʉɚɥɿɩɪɚɚɧɚɥɿɡɚɜɚɰɶ  ɫɿɬɭɚɰɵɸɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ ʆ XIV ɫɬ  ɬɨ ɚɤɚ

ɠɚɰɰɚ  ɲ ɬɨ ɫɹ ɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɭɩɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵ ɿ ɚɛɦɹɠɨʆɜɚɥɚɫɹ

ɪɨɞɧɵ ɦɿ ɱɚɫɚɦ ɹɲɱɷ ɫɬɪɵɟɱɧɵɦɿ  ɛɪɚɬɚɦɿ  Ƚɟɞɵɦɿɧ ɜɵɞɡɟɥɿʆ

ɭɫɿɦ ɫɵɧɚɦ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ ɩɟɪɚɞɚɸɱɵ ɚɞɧɚɦɭ ɡ ɿɯ əʆɧɭɬɭ ɡɜɟɪ

ɯɧɭɸʆɥɚɞɭ Ʉ ɚɥɿ əʆɧɭɬ ɛɵʆ ɫɤɿɧɭɬɵ ɭɥɚɞɚɸ ɞɨʆɝɚ ɞɡɹɥɿɥɿɫɹ

Ʉɟɣɫɬɭɬ ɡ Ⱥɥɶɝɟɪɞɚɦ  ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɸɱɵ  ɫɚɩɪɚʆɞɵ ɩɚɛɪɚɬɷɪɫɤɭ ɚ

ɩɚ Ⱥɥɶɝɟɪɞɚɜɚɣ ɫɦɟɪɰɿ  ɝ ɹɝɨɧɵɹ  ɩɚʆɧɚɦɨɰɬɜɵ ɚɬɪɵ 

ɦɚɥɿ Ⱥɥɶ ɝɟɪɞɚɜɿɱɵ ɡ əɝɚɣɥɚɦ ɹɤ ɜ ɹɥɿɤɿɦ ɤɧɹɡɟɦ ɧɚ ɱɚɥɟ  ɍ

ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚʆ ə ɝɚɣɥɚ ʆ ɬɚɜɚɪɵɫɬɜɟ ɫɜ ɚɿɯ ɛɪɚɬɨʆ Ɍɚɤ

ɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɚɰɟ ɡ Ɉɪɞɷɧɚɦ ɚɞ  ɝ  ɺɧ ɪɚɡɚɦ ɫɚ ɋɤɿɪɝɚɣɥɚɦ ɩɚ

ɜɨɞɥɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɵ ɿ ɫɚ ɡɝɨɞɵ ɦɚɰɿ ɤɧɹɝɿɧɿ ɘɥɶɹ ɧɵ  ɿ ɚɫɬɚɬɧɿɯ

ɩɹ ɰɺɯ ɛɪɚɬɨʆ ɫɚɫɬɭɩɿʆ ɤɪɵɠɚɤɚɦ ɀɚɦɨɣɰɶ ɩɚ Ⱦɭɛɿɫɭ

8 5

  ɉɚ

ɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɞɤɚɦ ² ɩɪɵ  ʆɞɡɟɥɟ ɫɬɪɵɟɱɧɚɝɚ ɛɪɚɬɚ  ȼɿɬɚʆɬɚ

² ɛɵʆ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɧɵ ɚɤɬ ɭ Ʉ ɪɷɜɟ ɉɪɵɤɥɚɞɵ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɦɧɨɠɵɰɶ

ɉɚʆɫɸɥɶ  ɦɵ ɦɚɟɦ ɧɟ ɞɵ ɧɚɫɬɵɱɧɵ  ɪɨɞ ² ɩɚɧɹ ɰɰɟ ɲɵɪɷɣ

ɲɚɟ ² ɚɥɟ ɹ ɝɨ ɝɚɥɿɧɭ  ɩɚɧɨʆɧɭɸ ɫɹ ɦ¶ ɸ  ɚɧɚɥɚɝɿɱɧɭɸ ɬɵɦ

ɲɬɨ ʆɬɜɚɪɚɥɿ ɛɪɚɬɷɪɫɤɿ ɧɟɞɡɹ ɥ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚ ɞɡɹɞɡɶɤɭ ɡ ɩɥɹ ɦɟɧ

ɧɿ ɤɚɦɿ  ɍ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɝɷɬɚɣ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵ ɿ ʆ ɜɭɡɟɣɲ ɵɦ ɫɷɧɫɟ ɧɚɞɡɟɥɵ

ɦɚɥɚɞɡɟɣɲɵɯ ɧɟ ɦɟɥɿ ² ɧɚɫɭɩɟɪɚɤ ɩɨɝɥɹ ɞɚɦ ɑ ɭɛɚɬɚɝɚ ²

ɜɟɱɧɚɝɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ ɚ ɧɚɛɥɿɠɚɥɿɫɹ  ɞɚ ɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɤ ɨɪɦ ɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ

ɯɨɞɧɿɯ ɚɩɚɧɚɠɚʆ ɩɚɰɜɹɪɞɠɚɸɱɵ  ɩɨɝɥɹ ɞ ɩɪɚ ɟɞɧɚɫɰɶ ɞɡɹɪ

ɠɚɜ ɵ ɹ ɤ ɫɩɚɞɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɭɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɿ  ʆɫɿɯ ɛɪɚɬɨʆ  ɲɬɨ ɜ ɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɿ

ɩɚɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɚɦ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɡ ɿɯ ² ɜɹ ɥɿɤɚɝɚ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɹ ɤɿ ɩɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ

ɫɬɚɪɲɷɧɫɬɜ ɚ ɜɚɥɨɞɚʆ ɡɜɟɪɯɧɚɫɰɸ ɧɚɞ ɚɫɬɚɬɧɿ ɦɿ ɛɪɚɬɚɦɿ ɿ ɪɚɡ

ɞɚɜɚʆ ɿɦ ɧɚɞɡɟɥɵ ʆ ɜ ɵɝɥɹɞɡɟ ʆɞɡɟɥɚʆ ɚ ɹ ɤ ɜɹɥɿɤɿ ɤɧɹɡɶ ɤɿɪɚ

ɜɚʆ ɭɫɿɦɿ ɤɧɹ ɡɹɦɿ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɪɨɞɭ

Ɋ ɨɡɧɚɫɰɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɤɨɥɚʆ ² ɜɵɲɷɣɲɚɝɚ ɿ ɧɿɠɷɣɲɚɝɚ

² ɿ ɩɪɵ ɩɿɫɜɚɧɧɟ ɜɵɪɚɲɚɥɶ ɧɚɟ ɪɨɥɿ ɛɪɚɬɷɪɫɤɚɦɭ ɤɨɥɭ ɡɧɚ

ɯɨɞɡɿɰɶ ɩɚɰɜɹɪɞɠɷɧɧɟ ʆ ɚɤɰɟ ɭ ɫɿɥɭ ɹɤɨɝɚ ʆ  ɝ əɝɚɣɥɚ ɹɤ

ɝɚɥɚɜɚ ɫɹ ɦɟɣɧɚɞɵ ɧɚɫɬɵɱɧɚɟ ɫɭɩɨɥɶ ɧɚɫɰɿ  ɫɚɦ ɡɚɣɦɚɸɱɵ

ɩɨɥɶɫɤɿ ɬɪɨɧ ɩɟɪɚɞɚʆ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɧɧɟɅɿɬɜɨɸ ɫɜɚɣɦɭ ɛɪɚɬɭ ɋɤɿɪɝɚɣ

ɥɭ ɋ  Ʉɭɬɲɷɛɚ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɵʆ  ɲ ɬɨ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɚʆɧɚɦɨɰɬɜɚʆ ɋɤɿɪɝɚɣ

3 9

ɥɵ ʆ ±ɝɝ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɛɦɟɠɚɜɚɧɚɹ  Ƚɷɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ʆɥɚɞɚ ɧɚɦɟɫ

ɧɿ ɤɚ  ɩɪɵ  ɬɵɦ ɲɬɨ ɩɨɪɭɱ ɡ ɿɦɭ ±ɝɝɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɿ ɩɚ

ɥɹɤɿ ² ɜɿɥɟɧɫɤɿɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɫɬɵ  ɲɬɨ ɦɟɥɿ ʆ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɪɭɤɚɯ ɜɟɪɯɧɿ

ɜɿɥɟɧɫɤɿ ɡɚɦɚɤ ɿ ɤɿɪɚɜɚɥɿ ɹ ɝɨ ɜɚɣɫɤɨɜ ɵɦ ɝɚɪɧɿɡɨɧɚɦ Ɇɿɤɚɥɚɣ

Ɇɚɫɤɚɠɷʆɫɤɿ ɚ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɹɝɨ əɫɶɤɚ Ⱥɥɟɫɶɧɿɰɤɿ

 ɋɤɿɪɝɚɣɥɚɜɵ

ɲɚɝɚª  ʆ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɿ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɿɤɚ əɝɚɣɥɵ ɍ ɞɚɦɨɜɟ ɚɛɨɞɜɭɯ ɛɪɚ

ɬɨʆ ɚɞ ɬɚɝɨ ɠ  ɝ  əɝɚɣɥɚ ɚɛɹ ɰɚɟ ɿ ɩɪɵɫɹ ɝɚɟ ɋ ɤɿ ɪɝɚɣɥɭ

ɛɨɥɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɢɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɛɪɚɬɢ« ɢ ɜ ɨɛɢɞɭ ɦ ɢ ɛɪɚɬɚ

ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɤɧɹɡɹ  ɋɤ ɢɪɝɚɣɥɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɚɬɢ >ɢ@« ɫɬɚɬɢ ɦɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ

ɛɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɪɟɩɤɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ª

. Ƚɪɭɧɬɭɸɱɵɫɹ  ɦɿɠ ɿɧɲɵɦ ɧɚ ɚɤɰɟ

ɹ ɤɿ ɹ ɩɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɚ ʆɡɧɿɤɚɸɰɶ ɩɚɦɿɠ ɜ ɹ ɥɿ ɤɿ ɦ ɤɧɹ ɡɟɦ ɿ

ɚɫɬɚɬɧɹɣ ɫɹ ɦ’ɺɸª

8 8

  əɧɵ  ɡɧɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɫɹ ɛɟ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɿ ɤ ɭ

ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɹɤɿɹ  ɩɚɧɚɜɚɥɿ ʆ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫ ɭ ɩɚʆɧɨɱɧɚʆɫɯɨɞɧɹ ɣ Ɋɭɫɿ

ɞɡɟ ɿɯ ɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɚɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɸ ɛɵɥɿ ɞɚɦɨɜɵ ± ɪɹɞɵ.

ə  ə ɤɭɛɨʆɫɤɿ  ɡɜ ɹɪɧɭʆ ɭɜɚɝɭ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɸ  ɹ ɤɚɹ ʆɡɧɿ ɤɚɟ

ɩɚɦɿɠ ə ɝɚɣɥɚɜɵɦ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɋɤɿɪɝɚɣɥɵ ɚɞ  ɝ ɿ ɪɚ

ɧɟɣɲɵɦɿ ² ɚɞ  ɿ ɝ  ² ɭɦɨɜɚɦɿ ɩɚɦɿɠ ɦɚɫɤɨʆɫɤɿɦɿ

ɤɧɹɡɹɦɿ

8 9

 ɉɚɪɚʆɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɦɚɬɷɪɵ ɹɥ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɧɚ ʆɡɛɚɝɚɰɿɰɶ 

ɡɜɹɪɧɭʆɲ ɵɫɹ ɞɚ ɩɪɚɰ Ȼ ɑ ɵɱɷɪɵ ɧɚ ɹ ɤɿ  ʆɠɨ ɛɨɥɶ ɲ ɹ ɤ ɫɬɨ

ɝɚɞɨʆ ɬɚɦɭ ɩɚɤɚɡɚʆ  ɲɬɨ ɪɹɞɵ ɱɚɫɬɚ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɥɿ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɡ ɛɪɚ

ɛɚɰɶɤɿª ɿ ɲɬɨ ʆɦɨʆɧɵɹ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɿ  ɩɚɦɿɠ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɦɿ ʆɫɬɚɥɺʆɜɚɥɿ ɫɹ

ʆ ɤɚɬɷɝɨɪɵɹɯ ɫɹɦɟɣɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɹ ɤ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɚɤ ɩɚɦɿɠ ɛɪɚɬɚɦɿ

ɚɥɶɛɨ  ɭ ɜɵɩɚɞɤɭ ɞɚɦɨɜɵ ɜ ɹɥɿɤɚɝɚ ɤɧɹɡɹ  ɡ ɭɞɡɟɥɶɧɵɦɿ ɤɧɹ

ɡɹɦɿ ɹɤ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɚɤ ɩɚɦɿ ɠ ɛɚɰɶ ɤɚɦ ɿ ɫɵɧɚɦɿ ɉɚɲɵɪɚɧɵɦ ɧɚ

Ɋɭɫɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɿ ʆɫɵɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɟ ɩɚɦɿɠ ɤɧɹɡɹɦɿ

Ƚɷɬɚ ɡɭɫɿ ɦ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɩɟɰɵɮɿɤɚɸ ȸɫɯɨɞɧɹ ɟ ȿʆɪɨɩɵ  ɭ

ɪɚɧɧɿɦ ɫɹɪɷɞɧɹɜ ɟɱɱɵ ɚɧɚɥɚɝɿɱɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɿɫɹ  ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɿ ɩɚɦɿɠ

ɦɟɪɚɜɿɧɝɫɤɿɦɿ ɤɧɹɡɹɦɿ ɿ ȼɿɡɚɧɬɵɹɣ Ɏ Ʌ Ƚɚɧɲɚɮ ɡɜɹɪɧɭʆ ɭɜ ɚ

ɝɭ ɲ ɬɨ Ɇɟɪɚɜɿɧɝɿ  ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɵ ɞɚɦɨɜɵ ɡɜɿɡɚɧɬɵɣɫɤɿɦɿ ɿɦɩɟ

ɪɚɬɚɪɚɦɿ  ɩɪɵɦɚɥɿɫɹ ʆ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɚɪɫɤɭɸ ɫɹɦ¶ ɸ ɹ ɤ ɫɵɧɵ  ɍ ɫɜɚɿɯ

ɥɿɫɬɚɯ ɹ ɧɵ ɬɵɬɭɥɚɜɚɥɿ ɿɦɩɟɪɚɬɚɪɚ ɚɣɰɨɦ ɿ ɩɚɞɤɪɷɫɥɿɜɚɥɿ ɝɷɬɚ

ɧɚɜɨɧɤɿ  ȱɧɿɰɵ ɹ ɬɵ ɜɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɚ ɚɬɚɹ ɫɚɦɥɿ ɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɚʆ ɩɚɦɿ ɠ

ɭɥɚɞɚɪɚɦɿ ɫɚ ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɚɦɿ ʆ ɫɹ ɦɟɣɧɚɣ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɡɵɯɨɞɡɿɥɚ

ɚɞ ɮɪɚɧɤɚʆ  ɋɹ ɪɨɞ ɥɚɧɝɚɛɚɪɞɚʆ  ɮɪɚɧɤɚʆ ɿ ɛɭɪɝɭɧɞɚʆ ɭɫɵ 

ɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɟ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɚɞɵɝɪɵɜɚɥɚ ɜɹɥɿ ɤɭɸ ɪɨɥɸ ɹ ɤ ɫɪɨɞɚɤ ɭɫɬɚ

ɥɹɜɚɧɧɹ  ɫɩɚɞɱɵɧɧɚɫɰɿ  ɿ ɡɜ ɹɡɜɚɧɧɹ  ɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɿ ɯ ɞɡɹɪ

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ

4 0

ɘɥɿ ɭɲȻɚɪ ɞɚɯ

ɠɚɜ ɚʆ ɭɡɚɟɦɧɵɦɿ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵ ɦɿ ɩɨɜ ɹɡɹ ɦɿ

 ɇɚ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɮɨɧɟ ɿ

ɫɬɚɫɭɧɤɿ ʆ əɝɚɣɥɚɜ ɚɣ ɫɹ ɦ¶ ɿ ɿ ɩɪɚɩɚɧɚɜɚɧɚɹ ɿɦ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɚɦɨɜɵ

ɡ ɤɚɪɚɥɟɜɚɣ Ⱥɥɶ ɠɛɟɬɚɣ ɩɚɞɩɚɞɚɸɰɶ  ɩɚɞ ɚɝɭɥɶ ɧɵ ɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ 

ɭɥɚɫɰɿɜɵɹ  ɪɚɧɧɟɮɟɚɞɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɚɦ ɩɚɬɪɵ ɦɚɧɿɹɥɶ ɧɚɝɚ

ɬɵɩɭ

əɤɭɛɨʆɫɤɿ ɩɚɞɤɪɷɫɥɿʆ ɪɨɡɧɿ ɰɭ ɩɚɦɿɠ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵ ɹ ɣ ɩɚɥɿ

ɞɥɹ  ɥɿɬɜ ɿɧɚʆ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚɜɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɟɪɚɞɭɫɿɦ ɪɨɞɚɜɚɣ ɭɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɸ

ɿɯɧɚɟ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɿ  ɉɨɥɶ ɲɱɚ« ɪɚɡɝɥɹɞɚɥɚ ʆɠɨ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚʆɧɭɸ ɚɪ

ɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɸ ɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɭɸ ɸɪɵ ɞɵɱɧɭɸ ɚɞɡɿɧɤɭ  ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠ

ɧɭɸ ɚɞ ɬɚɟ ɰɿ ɿɧɲɚɟ ɩɚɧɨʆɧɚɟ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɿª

 Ʉ ɚɥɿ ɦɵ ɩɪɵɡɧɚ

ɟɦ ɪɨɥɸ ɩɚɬɪɵɦɚɧɿɹɥɶ ɧɚɝɚ ɮɚɤɬɚɪɭ ʆ ɚɤɬɚɯ  ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟɧɵɯ əɝɚɣ

ɥɚɦ

 ɬɨ ɩɚɬɪɷɛɚ ɚɫɨɛɧɚɝɚ ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚɪɚɰɵɣɧɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɭ ɚɞɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ

ɹɤɨɝɚ ɧɟɩɚɤɨɿɥɚ ɞɚɫɥɟɞɱɵɤɚʆ  ɚɞɩɚɞɡɟ ipso f acto.

ɉɚɬɪɵɦɚɧɿɹ ɥɶ ɧɵ ɩɪɵɧɰɵɩ ɹɤɿ  ɩɚɧɚɜɚʆ ɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜ ɟ  ɯɭɬɤɚ

ɫɭɬɵɤɧɭʆɫɹ  ɚɞɧɚɤ  ɡ ɜ ɵɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɧɚɣ ɭɠɨ ʆ ɉɨɥɶɲ ɱɵ ɸɪɵ

ɞɵɱɧɚɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɚɣ ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵɹ ɣ Ʉɚɪɨɧɵ Ʉ ɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ ɉɨɥɶ ɫɤɚ

ɝɚ Ⱥɧɬɵɧɨɦɿɹ ɞɡɜɸɯ ɝɷɬɵɯ ɤɚɧɰɷɩɰɵɹʆ ɦɭɫɿɥɚ ɫɬɜɚɪɚɰɶ  ɧɚ

ɩɪɭɠɚɧɧɿ  ɇɚɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɤɧɹɡɿ ɩɪɵɧɹɥɿ  ɡɝɨɞɧɚ ɡ

ɠɚɞɚɧɧɟɦ ə ɝɚɣɥɵ  ɩɪɵɫɹ ɝɭ(homagium) ɹɦɭ əɞɜɿɡɟ ɿ ɉɨɥɶɫɤɚɣ

Ʉɚɪɨɧɟ

9 4

  ɇɚɫɭɩɟɪɚɤ ɩɨɝɥɹ ɞɚɦ  ɲ ɬɨ ɤɪɷʆɫɤɿ ɚɤɬ ɩɟɪɚɧɨɫɿʆ

ɡɜɟɪɯɧɚɫɰɶ ɧɚɞ Ʌɿɬɜɨɸ ɧɚ Ʉ ɚɪɨɧɭ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ ɉɨɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ

ɫɬɚɧ  ɹɤɿ ɦɚɥɸɸɰɶ ɚɤɬɵ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɩɚɥɨɜɵ ɜɚɫɶɦɿɞɡɟɫɹɬɵɯ ɝɚ

ɞɨʆ  ɜɵɝɥɹɞɚɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɟɣɲɵɦ Ɍɪɷɛɚ ɩɚɝɚɞɡɿɰɰɚ ɡ Ɉ Ȼɚɥɶɡɷ

ɪɚɦ ɹɤɿ  ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭɸɱɵ ɚɤɬɵ ɩɪɵɫɹɝɿ (akty homagialne) ɥɿɬɨʆɫ

ɤɚɪɭɫɤɿɯ ɤɧɹɡɺʆ  ɚɞɡɧɚɱɚʆ ɲɬɨ ɿɯ ɫɭɛ¶ ɟɤɬɚɦɿ ɛɵɥɿ əɝɚɣɥɚ

əɞɜɿɝɚ  ɱɚɫɬɚ ɿ ɯ ɩɚɬɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ Ʉ ɚɪɨɧɚ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ

ɞɚɪɚ ɚɥɟ ɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɚɫɬɨɣɧɚɹ ʆɥɚɞɚɪɤɚ ɉɨɥɶ ɲɱɵª  ɲɬɨ ɜɵ ɧɿɤɚɥɚ

ɡ ɞɜɭɯɭɥɚɞɞɡɹ  ɹɤɨɟ ɿɫɧɚɜɚɥɚ ʆ ɬɨɣ ɱɚɫ ɭ ɉɨɥɶ ɲɱɵ Ƚɷɬɵɹ

ɚɤɬɵ ɫɩɚɥɭɱɚɥɿ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɧɧɟ ɩɚɞɩɚɪɚɞɤɚɜ ɚɧɚɫɰɿ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɿ ɡ

ɩɪɵ ɡɧɚɧɧɟɦ ɡɜɟɪɯɧɚɫɰɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ ʆ ɹɟ ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɵɿ  Ʉ ɚɪɨɧɵ

Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ

 Ɍɚɤɨɟ ʆɡɚɟɦɚɧɚɤɥɚɞɚɧɧɟ  ɫɭɿɫɧɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɸɪɵɞɵɱ

ɧɚɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɵɯ ɿ ɩɚɬɪɵ ɦɚɧɿ ɹɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚʆ ɩɪɵ ɫɭɬɧɿɱɚɥɚ ɹɤ

ɭ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ Ⱥɞɧɚɤ  ɤɚɥɿ ʆ ɉɨɥɶɲɱɵ ɩɭɛɥɿɱɧɚ

ɸɪɵɞɵɱɧɵɹ  ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ʆɠɨ ɩɟɪɚɦɚɝɥɿ ɫɰɜɟɪɞɡɿʆɲɵ ɤɚɧɫɬɪɭɤ

ɰɵ ɸ Ʉɚɪɨɧɵ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜ ɚ ɹ ɤ ɜɵ ɪɚɡ ɞɡɹ ɪɠɚɜ ɵ  ɧɚ Ʌɿɬɜɟ ɹ ɧɵ

ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɚɱɵɧɚɥɿ ɪɚɡɜɿɜɚɰɰɚ  Ʉɚɪɨɧɚ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜ ɚ ɹ ɤ ɫɭɛ¶ ɟɤɬ

ɡɜɟɪɯɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɵ  ɚɞ ɞɵɧɚɫɬɵɿ ɦɭɫɿɥɚ ɛɭɞɡɿɰɶ ɫɭɩɪɚɰɿʆ

ɭ ɤɧɹɡɺʆ ɹɤɿɹ  ɫɤɥɚɞɚɥɿ ɺɣ ɩɪɵɫɹɝɭ  ɩɪɚ ɲɬɨ ɫɜɟɞɱɵɰɶ  ɦɿɠ

4 1

ɿɧɲɵɦ ɚɞɦɨɜɚ ɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ əɝɚɣɥɚɜɚɝɚ ɛɪɚɬɚ Ⱥɧɞɪɷɹ ɤɧɹɡɹ ɩɨ

ɥɚɰɤɚɝɚ  ɩɪɵ ɧɹɰɶ ɝɷɬɭɸ ɩɪɵɫɹ ɝɭ ɿ ɜɵɪɚɡɧɚɟ ɹ ɟ ɚɞɰɹɝɜɚɧɧɟ

ɧɟɤɚɥɶɤɿɦɿ ɿɧɲɵɦɿ ɤɧɹ ɡɹɦɿ  Ʉɚɥɿ ʆ ɩɚɞɨɛɧɚɣ ɫɿɬɭɚɰɵɿ ɤɪɵɯɭ

ɩɚɡɧɟɣ ɚɩɵɧɭɥɿɫɹ  ɦɚɡɚɜɟɰɤɿɹ ɤɧɹɡɿ ɬɨ ² ɹɤ ɩɚɜɟɞɚɦɥɹʆ ȼɿɬɚʆ

ɬɭ ʆ ɥɿɫɰɟ əɝɚɣɥɚ ² ɹɧɵ ɜɵ ɤɚɡɚɥɿ ɡɝɨɞɭ ɫɤɥɚɫɰɿ ɩɪɵɫɹɝɭ ɚɥɟ

ɤɚɥɿ ɛ ɩɪɵ ɫɹ ɝɧɭɥɿ Ʉɚɪɨɧɟ ɬɨ ɤɨɠɧɵ ɡ Ʉ ɚɪɨɧɵ  ɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɿɯ

ɥɿɱɵɰɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɚɿɯ ɥɟɧɧɿɤɚʆ ɿ ɹɧɵ  ɥɟɩɲ ɩɚɦɪɭɰɶ  ɱɵ ɦ ɡɚɡɧɚɸɰɶ

ɝɷɬɤɿ ɫɨɪɚɦª

Ʉɚɛ ɡɞɚɛɵɰɶ ɩɪɵɯɿɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɚɧɨʆ ɿ ɛɚɹɪɚʆ ɞɚ ɡɥɭɱɷɧɧɹ

Ʌɿɬɜ ɵ ɡ Ʉ ɚɪɨɧɚɸ Ʉɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɛ ɡɚɚɯɜɨɰɿ ɰɶ ɿ ɯ ɩɪɵɧɹɰɶ

ɧɨɜɭɸ ɜ ɟɪɭ ɚ ɧɚɩɷʆɧɚ ɿ ɞɡɟɥɹ ɬɚɝɨ  ɤɚɛ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɿɡɚɜ ɚɰɶ ɫɩɪɨ

ɛɵ ɧɟɡɚɞɚɜ ɨɥɟɧɵɯ ɤɧɹɡɺʆ ɲɭɤɚɰɶ ɭ ɦɚɝɧɚɬɚʆ ɿ ɛɚɹ ɪɚʆ ɩɚɞ

ɬɪɵɦɤɿ  ɫɭɩɪɨɰɶ ə ɝɚɣɥɚɜɚɣ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɤɿ  əɝɚɣɥɚ ɜɵɞɚʆ ɭ  ɝ

ɩɟɪɲ ɵ ɫɬɚɧɚɜɵ ɩɪɵ ɜɿɥɟɣ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɦ ɛɚɹɪɚɦ  ɹɤɿɹ ɩɪɵɧɹɥɿ ɤɚ

ɬɚɥɿɰɬɜɚ  ɉɪɵɜɿɥɟɣ ɧɟ ɬɵɱɵ ʆɫɹ  ɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɫɥɚʆɧɚɝɚ ɛɚɹɪ

ɫɬɜɚ  ɇɚ ɬɨɟ ɲ ɬɨ ɺɧ ɦɟɫɰɿʆɫɹ ʆ ɪɷɱɵɲɱɵ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ  ɿɧɤɚɪɩɚ

ɪɚɰɵɿ ɜɵ ɪɚɡɧɚ ɩɚɤɚɡɜɚɟ ɚɛɝɪɭɧɬɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɭ ɚɛ ɩɚɲɵɪɷɧɧɿ

ɩɪɚɜɨʆ ɭɥɚɫɧɚɫɰɿ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɫɤɿɹ ɦɚɺɧɬɤɿ əɤ ɫɰɜ ɹɪɞɠɚɟ ɩɪɵ ɜɿ

ɥɟɣ ɚɞ ɝɷɬɚɟ ɩɚɪɵ ɤɚɬɚɥɿɰɤɿɹ  «armigeri sive boiari… iuribus

similibus utantur et fruantur, quibus et caeteri nobiles in terris

ali is regni nostri Poloni ae petiuntur, ne vi deantur in iuribus

ɰɵ  ɰɿ ɛɚɹ ɪɵ  « ɤɚɪɵ ɫɬɚɸɰɰɚ ɩɚɞɨɛɧɵɦɿ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɿ  ɹ ɤɿɯ ɜɵɦɚ

ɝɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɹɛɟ ɚɫɬɚɬɧɹɹ ɲɥɹɯɬɚ ʆ ɿɧɲɵ ɯ ɡɟɦɥɹɯ ɧɚɲɚɝɚ ɉɨɥɶɫɤɚ

ɝɚ Ʉ ɚɪɚɥɟʆɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɛ ɧɟ ɡɞɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ  ɲ ɬɨ ɹɧɵ ɧɹɪɨʆɧɵ ɹ ʆ ɩɪɚ

ɜɚɯ  ɩɚɤɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɚɞɞɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɣ ɠɚ ɫɚɦɚɣ Ʉɚɪɨɧɟ ɪɨɛɿɰɶ ɿɯ ɚɞ

ɧɵ ɦ ɰɷɥɵ ɦª @

 ȱɧɲɵɹ ɩɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɵɜɿɥɟɸ ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚɥɿ ɬɭɸ ɠ

ɬɷɧɞɷɧɰɵɸ

Ɂ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɡɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɟ  ɰɿ ʆɡɹ ɥɿ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɿɹ ɛɚɹ ɪɵ ʆ ɰɷ

ɥɵɦ ɱɵɧɧɵ ʆɞɡɟɥ ɭ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵ ɿ ɤɪɷʆɫɤɚɝɚ ɚɤɬɚ ɰɿ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ex

post >ɧɚ ɩɚɞɫɬɚɜɟ ɩɚɡɧɟɣɲ ɚɝɚ ɚɫɷɧɫɚɜ ɚɧɧɹ  ɩɚɞɡɟɹʆ  ɩɨɬɵɦ@

ɚɤɚɡɚɥɿɫɹ  ɹ ɝɨɧɵ ɦɿ ɛɟɧɟɮɿɰɵ ɹɧɬɚɦɿ  Ɂɚ ɩɟɪɲɭɸ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚɫɰɶ

ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɩɟɪɚɞɭɫɿɦ Ƚ Ʌɚʆɦɹ ɧɫɤɿ  ɡɵɯɨɞɡɹɱɵ ɡ ɩɪɵɧɰɵ

ɩɭ ɲɬɨ ɫɬɜɚɪɚɥɶ ɧɿɤɚɦ ɥɿɬɨʆɫɤɚɟ ɞɡɹɪɠɚɜɵ ɛɵ ʆ ɤɧɹ ɡɶ  ɡ ɞɪɭ

ɠɵɧɚɸ  ɝɡɧ  ɭɫɟɚɝɭɥɶ ɧɚɹ ɜɚɣɫɤɨɜɚɹ  ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵ ɹ  ɹɤɚɹ ɚɯɨɩ

ɥɿɜ ɚɥɚ ʆɫɺ ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ ɚɛɚɜ ɹɡɚɧɚɟ ɞɚ ɜ ɚɣɫɤɨɜɚɟ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ Ɂ

ɝɷɬɚɣ ɩɚɪɵ ʆɫɟ ɛɚɹɪɵ  ɭ ɬɵ ɦɥɿɤɭ ɲɚɪɚɝɨɜɵɹ ɦɟɥɿɫɹ  ʆɞɡɟɥɶ

ɧɿ ɱɚɰɶ ɭ ɩɪɵɧɰɵɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɲɷɧɧɹɯ Ɍɚɦɭ ɺɧ ɧɚɞɚɟ

ɜɹɥɿ ɤɭɸ ɜɚɝɭ ɡɝɚɞɰɵ ʆ ɜ ɿɥɟɧɫɤɿɦ ɩɪɵɜɿɥɟɿ əɝɚɣɥɵ  ɜɵ ɞɚɞɡɟ

Ʉɪɷɜ ɚɿɅɸɛɥɿɧ