Backman Clifford R. The Worlds of Medieval Europe

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444 APPENDIXES

PPENDIX

C. The Carpetians

Hugh Capet

987–996

Robert II the Pious

996–1031

Henry I

1031–1060

Philip I

1060–1108

Louis VI the Fat

1108–1137

Louis VII

1137–1180

Philip II Augustus

1180–1223

Louis VIII = Blanche of Castile

1223–1226

Louis IX = Margaret of Provence

1226–1270

Charles of Anjou

K. of Sicily

Margaret = Edward I of England

Philip IV, the Fair

1285–1314

Philip III

1270–1285

Charles of Valois

Charles IV

1322–1328

Louis X

1314–1316

Philip V

1316–1322

Isabella = Edward II of England

ohn I

1316

APPENDIXES 445

PPENDIX

D. France: The Valois

Philip III

1270–1285

Charles of Valois

d. 1325

Philip IV, the Fair

1285–1314

Catherine

Louis XI

1461–1483

Philip VI of Valois

1328–1350

John II

1350–1364

Charles V

1364–1380

Charles VI

1380–1422

Charles VII

1422–1461

Philip, D. of

Burgundy d. 1404

John the Fearless

D. of Burgundy d. 1419

Philip the Good

D. of Burgundy d. 1467

Charles the Bold

D. of Burgundy d. 1477

Charles VIII

1483–1498

446 APPENDIXES

PPENDIX

E. England: The Norman and Plantagenet Dynasties

William I = Matilda

(1066–1087)

Robert

William H

(1087–1100)

Henry I = Edith

(1100–1135)

Adele = Stephen of Blois

Henry V =

Matilda

= Geoffrey

Emp. of Duke of Anjou

Germany

Stephen

(1135–1154)

Henry II =

Eleanor

= Louis VII

(1154–1189) Duchess King of France

of Aquitaine

Richard I

(1189–1199)

Geoffrey John = Isabelle

(1199–1216) of Angoulême

Eleanor = Henry III

of Provence (1216–1272)

Eleanor = Edward I

of Castile (1272–1307)

Isabelle = Edward II

of France (1307–1327)

Philippa = Edward III

of Hainault (1327–1377)

APPENDIXES 447

PPENDIX

F. England: The Lancastrian and Yorkist Dynasties

Edward III = Philippa of

(1327–1377) Hainault

[Edward]

[Lionel] John of Gaunt = Blanche of

Lancaster

Edmund of

York

Richard II

(1377–1399)

Philippa = Edmund

Mortimer

Henry IV

(1399–1413)

Richard, Earl

of Cambridge

Anne = Richard, Earl

of Cambridge

Henry V

(1413–1422)

John

Beaufort

Richard of

York

Henry VI

(1422–1461)

John

Beaufort

Edward IV

(1461–1483)

[George]

Richard III

(1483–1485)

[Richard] Elizabeth of York

Margaret = Edmund

Beaufort Tudor

Edward V

(1483)

Henry VII

(1485–1509)

448 APPENDIXES

PPENDIX

G. Germany: The Ottonian, Salian, and

Hohenstaufen Dynasties

Otto I, the Great

D. of Saxony, 936–973

Emp. 962–973

Henry

D. of Bavaria

Liutgard = Conrad, D. of

Lorraine

Otto II = Theophano

973–983

Henry

Otto

Henry

Conrad II

1024–1039

Henry III

1039–1056

Henry IV

1056–1106

Otto III

983–1002

Henry II

1002–1024

Henry V

1106–1125

Agnes = Frederick of Hohenstaufen

Conrad III

1138–1152

Frederick, D. of = Judith

Swabia

Conrad IV

1250–1254

Manfred

d. 1266

Henry

D. of Bavaria

Henry = Gertrude

Lothar

1125–

1137

Frederick I Barbarossa

1152–1190

Henry

Constance of Sicily = Henry VI

1190–1197

Philip

of Swabia

Frederick II

1215–1250

Beatrice = Otto IV

Brunswick

APPENDIXES 449

PPENDIX

H. Germany: The Late Medieval Emperors

Rudolf of Habsburg

1273–1291

Albert I

1298–1308

Matilda

Henry VII of

Luxembourg

1308–1313

Albert II

Charles IV

1346–1378

John

Louis III,

the Bavarian

1314–1347

Albert III

Leopold

enceslas

1378–1410

Sigismund

1410–1437

Albert IV

Elizabeth = Albert V

1438–1439

Ernest

Frederick III

1440–1493

Maximilian

1493–1519

450 APPENDIXES

PPENDIX

I: The Spanish Kingdoms, 1000–1250

Sancho

K. of Castile, Navarre, and Aragón

970–1035

Garcia

K. of Navarre

1035–1054

Ferdinand

K. of Castile

1033–1065

Ramiro

K. of Aragón

1035–1063

Alfonso VI

K. of León

and Castile

1065–1109

Sancho IV

K. of Navarre

1054–1076

Ramon

Henry of Burgundy = Theresa

C. of Portugal

Urraca

Q. of León and

Castile, 1109–1126

Sancho II

K. of Portugal

1223–1245

Alfonso III

K. of Portugal

1247–1279

Sancho Ramirez

K. of Aragón, 1063–1094

K. of Navarre, 1076–1094

Ramiro

Peter I

K. of

Aragón

and

Navarre

1094–1104

Alfonso I

K. of

Aragón

and

Navarre

1104–1134

Ramiro II

K. of

Aragón

1134–1137

Sancho III

K. of Castile

1157–1158

Ferdinand II

K. of León

1157–1188

Alfonso Henriques

K. of Portugal

1112–1185

Alfonso VII

K. of León and

Castile

1126–1157

Garcia Ramirez

K. of Navarre

1134–1150

Petronilla

m. Ramon

Berengar,

C. of Barcelona

1137–1162

Sancho I

K. of Portugal

1185–1211

Alfonso II

K. of Portugal

1211–1223

Sancho VI

K. of

Navarre

1150–1194

Alfonso II

C. of Barcelona

K. of Aragón

1162–1196

Alfonso VIII

K. of Castile

1158–1214

Alfonso IX

K. of León

1188–1230

Sancho VII

K. of

Navarre

1194–1234

Peter II

C. of Barcelona

K. of Aragón

1196–1213

Henry I

K. of Castile

1214–1217

Ferdinand III

K. of Castile

1217–1252

K. of León

1230–1252

James I,

the Conqueror

Ruler of the

Crown of Aragón

1213–1276

Dinez

K. of Por-

tugal

1279–132

Alfonso X

K. of León-Castile

1252–1284

Peter III,

the Great

Ruler of the Crown

of Aragón

1276–1285

APPENDIXES 451

PPENDIX

J: The Spanish Kingdoms, 1250–1500

Dinez

K. of Portugal

1279–1325

Alfonso X

K. of León-Castile

1252–1284

Peter III,

the Great

Ruler of the

Crown of

Aragón

1276–1285

Alfonso IV

1325–1357

Sancho IV

1284–1295

Alfonso III

1285–1291

James II

1291–1327

Ferdinand I

1367–1383

John I

1383–1433

Henry III

K. of Castile

1390–1406

Ferdinand I

K. of

Aragón

and Sicily

1412–1416

Edward I

1433–1438

Henry the

Navigator

John II

K. of Aragón

and Sicily

1458–1479

Alfonso V

K. of

Aragón

and Sicily

1416–1458

Peter the

Cruel

1350–1369

Henry II

1369–1379

John I

1389–1395

Martin I

1395–1410

Peter I

1357–1367

Ferdinand IV

1295–1312

Alfonso IV

1327–1336

Alfonso XI

1312–1350

Peter IV

1336–1387

Alfonso V

1438–1481

John II

1481–1495

Ferdinand

John I = Eleanor

1379–1390

Emanuel I

1495–1521

John II

K. of Castile

1406–1454

Henry IV

K. of Castile

1454–1474

Isabella = Ferdinand II

Q. of K. of Aragón

Castile 1479–1516

1474–1504

Ferrante

K. of Naples

1458–1494

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453

NDEX

The following abbreviations are used: Byz.

⫽

Byzantine; Car.

⫽

Carolingian; emp.

⫽

emperor,

empress; k.

⫽

king; Eng.

⫽

England; Ger.

⫽

German; Per.

⫽

Persian; Rom.

⫽

Roman

Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), 119, 124, 132,

310

Abd ‘ar-Rahman III (caliph), 196–197

Abelard, Peter, 234–235, 247–248, 251,

255, 266, 306–307, 328

’Abu al-’Abbas, 146

’Abu Bakr (caliph), 103

’Abu Jafar (caliph), 146

Acre, 227, 371

Adelard of Bath, 200, 242, 246

Ademar of Chabannes, 149, 214

Adrianople, 270

Adso of Montier, 149

Agincourt, 385

Agriculture, 125–128, 156–160, 196–197,

329–336, 371, 373–374

technologies of, 159–160, 330–331

’al-’Andalus, 196–198

Alans, 48, 56

Alaric (k. Visigoths), 55

Albertus Magnus, 307

Alcuin, 116–117, 130–131, 141–144

Alemanni, 18, 48, 53, 60–62

Alenc¸on, 193

Alexander III (pope), 267–268, 274

Alexandria, 8, 70–71, 80, 93, 99, 104, 145,

247

Alexius IV (Byz. emp.), 222

’al-Farabi, 237

Alfonso VI (k. Castile), 198

Alfonso VIII (k. Castile), 290

Alfonso X (k. Castile), 239–240, 295, 342–

343, 363

Alfred the Great (k. Eng.), 81, 143–144, 189

’al-Hakim (caliph), 221

’Ali (caliph), 103

’al-’Idrisi, 204

Alighieri, Dante, 232, 251, 304, 369, 382,

399–404, 413

’al-Kindi, 147, 237

’al-Khwarizmi,147, 246

’al-Mahdi (caliph), 146

’al-Ma’mun, 241

Almohads, 199–201, 221

Almoravids, 148, 199

’al-Razi, 147

Amalﬁ, 170, 202

Ambrose, Saint, 40–41, 43–44, 46, 66

Amiens, 315

Anastasius I (Byz. emp.), 94

Angers, 247

Angevin Empire, 263–265

Anglo-Saxons, 65–67, 90–92, 189–196

Angles, 48, 56

bretwalda, 91

fyrds, 91

Saxons, 48, 56, 62, 116–117

Annals of Saint-Vaast, 142–143

Annals of Xanten, 139

Anselm of Canterbury, Saint, 195, 233–

234

Anselm of Laon, 234

Anselm of Lucca, 240

Anthony, Saint, 70, 74, 81

Anti-clericalism, 276, 387

Antioch, 104, 170, 224, 227, 247, 297

Anti-Semitism, 30–32, 208, 291, 293,

342–343. See also Religious persecu-

tion

Antonius Pius (Rom. emp.), 15

Apocalyptic expectation, 32, 45, 77–78,

88, 119, 137, 149–153, 222–223, 369

Aquitaine, 187–188

Aristocracy, 252–259, 279. See also

Chivalry; Feudalism

Roman, 12

Aristotle, 80–81, 200–201, 232–233, 240

Arles, 90