1. Typological classification of languages, synthetic and analytic word forms
2. Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages, position of English
3. Theory of communication; signs, symbols, icons; sound symbolism
4. Saussurian concept of language, langue vs. parole
5. Prague linguistic school; language center vs. periphery; markedness
6. Phonetics and phonology in the language system
7. Free variation, complementary distribution; vowels and consonants; rhythm
8. Form and function of intonation
9. Stress placement tendencies
10. Phonotactics - the English syllable
11. Assimilation, dissimilation, elision, liaison
12. Graphology, writing systems, the relationship between speech and writing
13. Parts of speech, means of their differentiation; conversion
15. Verb categories
19. Modality, means of different types of modality; negation
20. Communicative sentence types, their syntactic structure and function
21. Constitutive and optimal sentence elements; sentence types based on syntactic
structure
29. Minor sentences
30. Semantics and lexicology
44. Pragmatics vs. semantics, principles, maxims, implicature
46. Speech acts
50. Language and class, Cockney and Estuary English