Wilamowski B.M., Irwin J.D. The Industrial Electronics Handbook. Second Edition: Industrial Communication Systems

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Vertical Integration 13-11

ERP. frameworks. will.become.even.more.comprehensive.and. include. functional. modules.currently.

bel

onging

.to.the.MES.lev

el.

.Suc

.a.mos

tly

.dis

tributed

.app

roach

.for.the.MES.lev

.wil

.how

ever,

.imp

ose

mor

.dem

anding

.req

uirements

.on.the.mid

dleware

.to.sup

port

.bet

ter

.ex

ibility.

.Con

cepts

.eme

rging

.in.

the.IT.wor

.lik

.onto

logies

.to.for

mally

.des

cribe

.sem

antic

.inf

ormation

.wil

.hav

.to.be.use

.and.add

tional

.abs

traction

.lev

els

.mus

.be.int

roduced.

.Ano

ther

.eme

rging

.mid

dleware

.con

cept

.pos

sibly

.fac

ilitat-

ing

.the.int

erconnection

.of.het

erogeneous

.so

ware

.fra

meworks

.are.ser

vice-oriented

.arc

hitectures

.(So

tha

.mi

ght

.ea

.th

.ac

tual

.ve

rtical

.in

tegration.

.need.for.abs

tract

.int

eroperability

.lay

ers

.is.vis

ible

.alr

eady

.tod

ay.

.Con

trary

.to.the.beg

inning

.of.the.

CIM.era

.man

.pow

erful

.tech

nological

.bui

lding

.blo

cks

.are.avai

lable:

.wid

ely

.used.pro

tocol

.sta

ndards,

.mid

dleware

.con

cepts,

.dis

tributed

.app

lication

.par

adigms,

.dat

abases,

.and.las

.but.not.lea

st,

.hig

h-performance

com

puters.

.But

.the.mai

.pro

blem

.has.not.muc

.cha

nged

.ove

.the.yea

rs:

.to.nd.pro

per

.int

erfaces

.bet

ween

lot

.of.app

lications

.tha

.are.to.a.lar

.ext

ent

.sti

.not.int

eroperable.

.Nev

ertheless,

.int

erfaces

.alo

.are.not.

su

cient

.to.ach

ieve

.int

eroperability.

. e.sema

ntic

.de

nitions

.for.dat

.exc

hange

.wil

.req

uire

.mor

.eo

rt.

 is.is.exa

ctly

.why.the

.are.so.man

.sta

ndardization

.act

ivities

.in.the.aut

omation

.are

End

.use

.may.hav

.the.imp

ression

.tha

.it.took.the.eme

rgence

.of.sta

ndards

.lik

.ISA.S95.or.S88.to.

sti

mulate

.act

ual

.pro

duct

.dev

elopments.

.Yet

.the.nee

.for.int

egration

.has.bee

.the

.bef

ore

.and.has.bee

the.dri

ving

.for

.beh

ind

.all.sta

ndardization

.eo

rts.

.It.simp

.took.a.lon

.tim

.unt

.the.tec

hnological

env

ironment

.was.mat

ure

.eno

ugh

.to.pro

vide

.a.sol

.basi

.On.the.oth

.han

.it.app

ears

.tha

.wha

.has.

bee

.rea

ched

.toda

.is.onl

.an.int

ermediate

.ste

.All.sta

ndardization

.act

ivities

.had.a.cle

.foc

us,

.eit

her

from.a.technology.or.application.domain.point.of.view.. e.results.are.therefore.optimized.according.

to.the.res

pective

.goa

ls,

.but.the

.nee

.to.be.pro

perly

.ali

gned

.acr

oss

.simi

lar

.or.com

plementary

.act

ivities.

Majo

.gro

ups

.lik

.ISA.SP9

.the.OPC.Fou

ndation,

.and.Mac

hinery

.Inf

ormation

.Man

agement

.Ope

Sys

tems

.Al

liance

.(M

IMOSA)

.al

ready

.st

arted

.joi

.e

orts

.in.th

.di

rection.

 roughout

.the.cha

pter,

.ver

tical

.int

egration

.has.mos

tly

.bee

.tre

ated

.in.the.con

text

.of.act

ual

.pla

.ope

ation.

.It.sho

uld

.be.not

ed,

.how

ever,

.tha

.also.an.aut

omation

.sys

tem

.has.a.lif

.cyc

.wit

.a.des

ign

.pha

se,

ins

tallation,

.and.com

missioning

.tha

.need.to.be.ni

shed

.bef

ore

.the.sys

tem

.beco

mes

.ope

rational,

.not.to.

for

get

.mai

ntenance

.and.man

agement

.dur

ing

.ope

ration.

.Esp

ecially,

.the.rs

.pha

ses

.of.the.lif

.cyc

.are.typ

cally

.sti

.sup

ported

.by.ind

ividual

.des

ign

.fra

meworks

.tha

.are.not.com

patible

.wit

.the.one.used.lat

er.

.One.

fut

ure

.goa

.of.ver

tical

.int

egration

.wil

.the

refore

.be.to.inc

lude

.the.ent

ire

.lif

.cyc

.in.one.con

sistent

.dat

abase

wit

.jus

.di

erent,

.pha

se-specic

.too

.tha

.cha

nge

.wit

.the.lif

.cyc

le.

. er

efore,

.ver

tical

.int

egration

.in.

its.ult

imate

.all

-inclusive

.for

.also.get

.a.tim

.asp

ect,

.and.thi

.asp

ect

.wil

.gai

.imp

ortance

.in.the.fut

ure.

abbreviations

CIM. Computer.integrated.manufacturing

CN/IP

. Con

trol

.ne

twork/IP

ERP

. Ent

erprise

.re

source

.pl

anning

HTTP

. Hyp

ertext

.tr

ansfer

.pr

otocol

HVAC

. Hea

ting,

.ve

ntilation,

.ai

r-conditioning

. Int

ernet

.pr

otocol

LAN

. Loc

.ar

.ne

twork

MAP

. Man

ufacturing

.au

tomation

.pr

otocol

MES

. Man

ufacturing

.ex

ecution

.sy

stems

MIMOSA

. Mac

hinery

.In

formation

.Ma

nagement

.Op

.Sy

stems

.Al

liance

OPC

. Ope

.pr

ocess

.co

ntrol

SCADA

. Sup

ervisory

.co

ntrol

.an

.da

.ac

quisition

SCM

. Sup

ply

.ch

ain

.ma

nagement

SoA

. Service-oriented.architecture

TCP

. Tra

nsmission

.co

ntrol

.pr

otocol

TLS

. Tra

nsport

.la

yer

.se

curity

13-12 Industrial Communication Systems

references

[BACIP].BACnet—A.Data.Communication.Protocol.for.Building.Automation.and.Control.Networks,.

ANSI/AS

HRAE

. Std

. 135,. Amer

ican

. Societ

. of. Hea

ting,

. Refr

igerating

. and. Air-C

onditioning

Engin

eers,

.At

lanta,

.GA,.2004.

[CEA852]

.Tunne

ling

.Com

ponent

.Netw

ork

.Pro

tocols

.over.Int

ernet

.Pro

tocol

.Cha

nnels,

.ANSI/EIA/CEA.

Std

.852,.Re

.A,.Co

nsumer

.Ele

ctronics

.As

sociation,

.2002.

[CV04]

.D..Chen.and.F..Vern

adat,

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ndards

.on.enter

prise

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ration

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Int

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.17,.235–253,.2004.

[D97]

.M..S..DePr

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.Netw

ork

.sec

urity

.considera

tions

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ased

.man

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.aut

omation,

.ISA

Tra

nsactions,

.36,.37–48,.1997.

[DP

AL]

. W.. Burgs

taller,

. S.. Souce

. and. P.. Palen

sky,

. Curr

ent

. cha

llenges

. in. abst

racting

. dat

apoints,

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Pro

ceedings of 6th IFAC International Conference on Fieldbus Systems and their Applications,

.Puebl

Mexico,.pp

.40–47,.2005.

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.J..N..Daig

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.A..Seidma

nn,

.and.J..R..Pimen

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.Comm

unications

.for.man

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.An.over

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IEEE Netw

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.2,.6–13,.1988.

[H73]

.J..Ha

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.Co

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[KNXIP]

. Open. Dat

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. in. Buildin

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. Con

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Syst

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.EN.133

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[Mo

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.Guide,.Versio

.1.0a,.June.2004..Avai

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.htt

p://

www.modbus-ida.org

[MPZM03]

.G..Mor

el,

.H..Pan

etto,

.M..Zar

emba,

.and.F..May

er,

.Man

ufacturing

.ent

erprise

.con

trol

.and.man

age-

ment

.sys

tem

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ineering:

.Par

adigms

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.iss

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.27,.199

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.200

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.Sec

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.considera

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.for.FAN-In

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.IEEE Wo

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.Po

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.Po

rtugal,

.pp

.27–35,.Sep

tember

.6–8,.2000.

[RO03]

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.Man

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.netw

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.and.sup

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.cha

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.An.opera

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.stra

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pers

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.Om

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[S05]

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. Fieldb

. system

s—History

. and. evo

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. in. R.. Zuraws

. (edit

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. e I

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Communication Technology Handbook,

.CRC.Pr

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.Bo

.Ra

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. e.cont

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.in.man

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.aut

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.IEEE In

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Electronics Magazine,

.1,.10–19,.2007.

[SS02]

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.and.T..Saut

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.stra

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.for.eld.are

.netw

orks,

.Ann

ual Conference of the

IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON),

.Se

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vember

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ent

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[WB04]

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Requirements,

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14-1

14.1 Introduction

 e.advent.of.personal.computers.(PCs).and.the.Web.have.provided.distributed.mechanisms.for.infor-

mation

.shar

ing

.whil

.tele

phones

.serv

.almo

.excl

usively

.as.comm

unication

.devi

ces

.[1,2

.Curr

ently,

ente

rprises

.uti

lize

.a.het

erogeneous

.mix

ture

.of

•

. Voic

e Networks—Voice

.tele

phony

.netw

orks

.are.used.to.perf

orm

.dail

.tele

communications

.acti

ities

.mos

tly

.ove

.the.pub

lic

.swi

tched

.tel

ephone

.net

work

.and.glo

bal

.sys

tem

.for.mob

ile

.net

works.

•

. Data

Networks—Internet

.proto

col

.(IP).wire

.and.wire

less

.netw

orks

.prov

ide

.a.data.comm

unica-

tion

.med

ium

.for.acc

ess

.to.Int

ernet

.and.int

ranet

.dat

.ser

vices

.and.app

lications.

•

. Enter

prise Applications—Enterprise

.sow

are

.appl

ications

.allo

.user

.to.inte

rface

.with.and.pro-

ess

.inf

ormation.

•

. Data Repositories—Databases. and.other.repositories. provide. structured. storage.facilities. for.

ente

rprise

.dat

•

. Devi

ces—Wireless

.and.wire

.tele

phones,

.comp

uting

.devi

ces,

.and.sens

ors

.are.used.to.visu

alize,

voca

lize,

.and.pro

cess

.ent

erprise

.dat

.app

lications,

.and.ser

vices.

.the.IT&T.worl

.conv

ergence

.refe

.to.the.move.towar

.the.use.of.a.singl

.unit

.inte

raction

medi

.and.medi

.as.oppo

sed

.to.the.many.that.we.use.today.[3]..Conv

ergence

.enab

les

.tele

commu-

nications

.serv

ices

.that.are.conc

urrently

.coup

led

.with.ente

rprise

.and.Inte

rnet

.data

. e.abil

ity

.to.visu

alize

.a.conc

ept

.via.imag

es,

.grap

hs,

.tabl

es,

.and.proc

edures

.whil

.comm

unicating

.over.the.tele

phone

or.a.vide

.link.grea

tly

.enha

nces

.inte

raction.

.Inte

raction

.is.more.plea

sing,

.mean

ingful,

.eec

tive,

.and.

eci

ent.

.Furt

hermore,

.such.medi

a-rich

.serv

ices

.and.the.devi

ces

.that.supp

ort

.them.allo

.for.acti

ons

to.be.take

.whil

.on.the.move.with.grea

ter

.prec

ision

.and.fast

.resp

onse

.to.mark

.driv

ers.

. ere

fore,

Multimedia Service

Convergence

14.1. Introduction.....................................................................................14-1

14.2

. Back

ground.......................................................................................14-2

Computer.Telephony.Integration. •. Voice.over.Internet.

Protocol. •. Interactive.Voice.Response.Telecom

14.3. Service-Oriented.Architecture......................................................14-3

Service.Meta.Architectures

14.4. Tailorability......................................................................................14-5

14.5

. Mult

imedia

.Con

vergence

.Usin

.Ser

vice

.Arc

hitecture..............14-5

Converged.Services. •. MC

.Interact.Recongurable.Convergence.

Architecture. •. Converged.Voice.Plugins

14.6. Conclusion...................................................................................... 14-11

References...................................................................................................14-12

Alex Talevski

Curtin University

of Tec

hnology

14-2 Industrial Communication Systems

data.and.telecommunications.convergence.promises.a.wide.range.of.possible.solutions.that.will.increase.

prod

uctivity

.and.ex

ibility,

.and.pro

vide

.new.on-

demand

.opp

ortunities

.for.ent

erprises.

Converged

.voic

.and.data.serv

ices

.have.rapi

dly

.emer

ged

.as.a.popu

lar

.alte

rnative

.to.exis

ting

.tele

com-

munications

.netw

orks

.and.comp

uter

.serv

ices.

.Many.sour

ces

.[4–7

]

.indi

cate

.that.conv

erged

.voic

.and.

data.netw

orks

.of.vari

ous

.form

.are.rapi

dly

.grow

ing

.acro

.indu

stry

.in.the.last.5.year

.Howe

ver,

.con-

erged

.tele

communications

.and.data.serv

ices

.have.been.larg

ely

.isol

ated

.to.stat

.envi

ronments

.wher

xed.PCs.and.netw

ork

.conn

ections

.are.used.in.conj

unction

.with.vari

ous

.sow

are

.tools.that.simul

ate

pseu

do-converged

.sessi

ons.

.Gene

rally,

.data.pres

ented

.on.the.Inte

rnet

.and.in.ente

rprise

.appl

ications

.is.

not.ava

ilable

.on.voi

.net

works

.and.dev

ices

.and.vic

.ver

sa.

From

.an.ente

rprise

.pers

pective,

.conv

erged

.voic

.and.data.serv

ices

.and.inte

raction

.medi

ums

.to.its.

empl

oyees,

.part

ners,

.and.custo

mers

.is.esse

ntial.

.Due.to.the.dive

rse

.natu

.of.this.envi

ronment,

.a.con-

erged

.solu

tion

.that.empl

oys

.the.feat

ures

.outl

ined

.abov

.is.requ

ired.

. e.foll

owing

.feat

ures

.are.esse

ntial:

•

. Mult

imedia—Converged

.voic

.vide

.and.data.serv

ices,

.and.inte

raction

.medi

ums

.are.requ

ired

as.a.cons

equence

.of.the.incr

eased

.exi

bility

.that.busin

esses

.dema

.[8]..Such.a.coll

aboration

envi

ronment

.is.mor

.ple

asing,

.mea

ningful,

.ee

ctive,

.and.ec

ient.

•

. Acce

ssibility— e

.dema

.for.medi

.and.func

tion-rich

.serv

ices

.on.the.move.is.risin

. e.acce

sibility

.of.conv

erged

.serv

ices

.via.a.vari

ety

.of.mobi

.devi

ces

.is.esse

ntial.

.Such.devi

ces

.(TV,.PC,.

PDA,.mobi

.phon

.and.othe

rs),

.voic

e/data

.tran

sportation

.medi

ums

.(IP,.Wi-Fi

.Blue

tooth,

.GPRS

UMTS

.etc

.),

.and.a.var

iety

.of.pro

tocols

.and.enc

odings

.(H3

23,

.SIP

.IAX

.etc

.mus

.be.con

sidered.

•

. Feat

ure-Rich Services—Combined

.telec

ommunication

.func

tions

.such.inte

ractive

.voic

.resp

onse

(IVR

)

.with.servi

ces

.that.acces

.ente

rprise

.and.Inte

rnet

.data.such.as.data

bases,

.appl

ications,

.and.

Web.servi

ces

.via.mult

iple

.inte

rfaces.

.Acces

.to.ente

rprise

.repo

sitories,

.appl

ications

.(dat

abases,

.ERP,.

CRM,.and.othe

rs)

.and.Inte

rnet

.data.servi

ces

.(e-m

ail,

.news

.weat

her,

.stoc

ks,

.and.othe

rs)

.is.essen

tial.

•

. Mult

i-Interface—Being

.able.to.visu

alize

.the.cont

ext

.of.a.conv

ersation

.grea

tly

.enha

nces

.inte

rac-

tion.

.Voic

.vide

.and.data.inte

rfaces

.proje

.serv

ice

.data.and.syst

em/user

.inte

raction.

.Dyna

mic

inte

raction

.must.be.inte

rchangeably

.avai

lable

.thro

ugh

.any.avai

lable

.devi

.inte

rface

.(DTM

keyb

oard/mouse,

.etc

.and

/or

.thr

ough

.voi

ce,

.vid

eo,

.and

/or

.dat

a-driven

.com

mands.

•

. Flex

ible and Adaptive Environment—A

.prob

lem

.face

.in.deve

loping

.a.feat

ure-rich,

.exi

ble,

.and.

widely.accessible.solution.is.the.dynamically.evolving.system.requirements.that.occur.on.the.dis-

arate

.laye

.of.nume

rous

.tele

communications

.and.comp

uter

.serv

ices.

.Reco

ngurable

.sow

are

arch

itectures

.pro

mote

.simp

lied

.so

ware

.evo

lution

.in.suc

.com

plex

.env

ironments.

14.2. Background

14.2.1 Computer telephony Integration

Telephone.and.computer.systems.are.two.technologies.that.impact.many.aspects.of.our.daily.lives.. ese.

tech

nologies

.driv

.the.worl

d’s

.econ

omy

.and.are.cent

ral

.to.the.oper

ation

.of.virt

ually

.ever

.ente

rprise.

A.larg

.numb

.of.orga

nizations

.can.only.exis

.with.the.supp

ort

.of.thes

.tech

nologies.

.Comp

uter

tele

phony

.inte

gration

.(CTI

)

.is.den

.as.the.inte

gration

.betw

een

.comp

uters

.and.tele

phony

.syst

ems

.[1]..

CTI.techn

ologies

.brid

.the.feat

ures

.of.comp

uters

.such.as.data.hand

ling,

.media.proc

essing,

.and.grap

hical

user.inte

rface

.with.tele

phone

.feat

ures

.such.as.call.hand

ling

.and.rout

ing.

.Curr

ently,

.CTI.is.predo

minantly

used.to.driv

.sowa

re-based

.Privat

.Auto

matic

.Bran

.eXch

ange

.(PAB

.telec

ommunications

.syst

ems.

Howe

ver,

.CTI.is.head

ing

.towa

.the.conv

ergence

.of.both.data.and.voic

.servi

ces

.over.data.netw

orks.

14.2.2 Voice over Internet Protocol

Voice.over.Internet.protocol.(VoIP).(also.termed.IP.telephony).refers.to.the.transport.of.voice.trac.over.

a.data.netw

ork.

.VoIP.hard

ware

.and.sow

are

.acts.as.an.Inte

rnet

.tran

smission

.medi

.for.tele

phone

call

.and.othe

.conv

erged

.data

.Using.VoIP

.carr

ier

.grad

.voic

.comm

unication

.is.digi

tized

.and.rout

Multimedia Service Convergence 14-3

in.discrete.IP.packets.through.a.broadband.connection..VoIP.is.particularly.useful.when.there.is.limited.

or.nan

cially

.proh

ibitive

.acce

.to.alte

rnative

.tele

phony

.netw

orks.

.Tele

phone

.call

.can.be.tran

smitted

with.litt

.or.no.loss.in.func

tionality,

.reli

ability,

.or.voic

.qual

ity.

.VoIP.has.rapi

dly

.emer

ged

.as.a.popu

lar

.alte

rnative

.to.exis

ting

.tele

phony

.netw

orks

.[3–6

.Howe

ver,

.to.date

.VoIP.has.been.a.solu

tion

.that.is.

most

.used.as.an.alte

rnative

.medi

.to.carr

.out.cost

-eective,

.long

-distance

.tele

phone

.call

. e.fol-

owing

.ser

vices

.are.cur

rently

.ava

ilable:

•

. Tele

communication

.can.be.perf

ormed

.on.nume

rous

.devi

ces

.(TV,.PC,.PDA,.mobi

.phon

.and.

othe

rs).

•

. Vari

ous

.voic

e/data

.tran

sportation

.mediu

.can.be.used.(IP,.Wi-F

.Blue

tooth,

.GPRS

.UMTS

.etc.

•

. A.variety.of.transportation.protocols.and.encodings.exist.(H323,.SIP,.IAX,.etc.).

•

. Custo

.cal

.rou

ting

.and.mes

saging

.bas

.on.VoI

.inf

ormation

.can.be.con

gured.

.an.exam

ple,

.by.using.call

.ID,.it.is.possi

ble

.to.autom

atically

.retr

ieve

.a.call

er’s

.deta

ils

.and.reco

rds

from.a.data.repo

sitory

.whil

.the.call.is.rout

.to.an.appr

opriate

.part

. e.call.can.then.be.tran

sferred

to.a.die

rent

.netw

ork

.and.tele

phony

.devi

ce.

.Whil

.the.user.is.on.hold

.he.or.she.can.be.prov

ided

.with.

pers

onalized

.ente

rprise

.and.Inte

rnet

.info

rmation

.using.a.simpl

ied

.voic

.inte

rface.

.A.popu

lar

.CTI.solu

tion

.is.an.IVR.tel

ecomsystem.

14.2.3 Interactive Voice response telecom

IVR.systems.provide.computer-controlled.telephone.answering.and.routing.functions,.as.well.as.facili-

ties

.for.the.coll

ection

.and.prov

ision

.of.info

rmation.

.Inte

ractive

.voic

.and.keyp

ad-driven

.menu

.allo

call

ers

.to.requ

est

.info

rmation

.and.resp

ond

.to.prom

pts.

.IVR.devi

ces

.rout

.call

.to.the.appr

opriate

.plac

or.data

.base

.on.deve

loper-dened

.con

guration.

. ese.syst

ems

.may.use.a.mixt

ure

.of.huma

.and.

comp

uter

.inte

raction

.that.is.prov

ided

.live.or.prer

ecorded

.by.an.atte

ndee

.or.digi

tally

.synt

hesized

.soun

to.con

vey

.dat

.to.the.cal

ler.

Unfortunately,

.indu

stry

.has.fail

.to.make.the.most.of.CTI,.VoIP

.and.IVR.tech

nologies.

.Curr

ent

use.of.thes

.tech

nologies

.has.been.limi

ted

.to.pure

.tele

phony

.appl

ications

.like.tele

phone

.conv

ersations

and.conf

erencing.

.Exis

ting

.syst

ems

.rare

.prov

ide

.a.exi

ble

.and.inte

grated

.appr

oach

.wher

.more.than.

tele

communication

.serv

ices

.are.prov

ided.

.A.exi

ble

.appr

oach

.that.inte

grates

.the.feat

ures

.of.CTI,.VoIP

and.IVR.tech

nologies

.is.requ

ired.

.Serv

ice-oriented

.arch

itectures

.(SOA

)

.are.the.key.to.prov

iding

.exi

ble,

conv

erged

.sol

utions

.for.ent

erprise

.app

lications.

14.3 Service-Oriented architecture

Complex. industry. systems. account. for. the. majority. of.all. soware. development. undertakings. [9]..

Howe

ver,

.the.sow

are

.deve

lopment

.indu

stry

.tend

.to.deve

lop

.larg

e-scale

.syst

ems

.that.are.mono

lithic,

erro

.pron

.and.expe

nsive

.[10–

12].

.Such.syst

ems

.norm

ally

.evol

.from.an.unco

ordinated

.buil

d-and-x

patt

ern.

.A.lack.of.a.syst

ematic

.appr

oach

.to.sow

are

.deve

lopment

.has.resu

lted

.in.many.proje

.fail

ures

[10–

12].

.abil

ity

.of.sow

are

.to.adapt.or.be.adapt

.to.the.typi

cal

.chan

ges

.in.ente

rprise

.envi

ronments

.is.

refe

rred

.to.as.the.sow

are’s

.exi

bility

.[13]

.A.exi

ble

.syst

.is.need

.due.to.the.requ

irement

.for.a.

syst

.to.be.depl

oyed

.in.dive

rse

.role

.and.envi

ronments

.(its.dive

rsity)

.and.to.be.exi

ble

.to.uncl

ear,

lack

ing,

.and.evol

ving

.info

rmation

.rega

rding

.thes

.role

.and.envi

ronment

.(unc

ertainty)

.[13]

.Vers

atile

syst

ems

.exhi

bit

.gene

ric

.and.func

tion-rich

.prop

erties.

.Grow

ing

.ente

rprises

.dema

.rapi

.and.freq

uent

deve

lopment,

.main

tenance,

.custo

mization,

.and.evol

ution.

.Such.sow

are

.need

.to.adapt.to.chan

ges

.in.

requ

irements

.in.ord

.to.sup

port

.its.ent

erprise.

Service-based

.sow

are

.engi

neering

.is.a.way.of.raisi

.the.leve

.of.abst

raction

.for.sow

are

.deve

lop-

ment

.so.that.soware.can.be.built.by.easily.reusing.previously.designed,.implemented,.and.rened.

conv

erged

.serv

ices.

.Comp

osite

.comp

onent

.arch

itectures

.are.form

.from.conv

erged

.serv

ices

.wher

14-4 Industrial Communication Systems

components.at.the.lower.layers.provide.component.services.to.the.components.above.them..A.SOA.is.a.

way.of.connecting.loosely.coupled.converged.application.services.across.a.network.via.common.interac-

tion

.primitives..Services.map.distinct.business.processes.that.can.be.chained.together.in.order.to.realize.

certain.collaborative.behavior.

14.3.1 Service Meta architectures

 e.Meta.data.model.illustrated.in.Figure.14.1.represents.an.explicit.Meta.specication.of.a.single.so-

ware

.component.and. its.interface.. is. explicit. model.supports.soware.reconguration.by.clearly.

dening.application.constructs.and.their.interface..Such.data.is.used.to.specify.construct.convergence.

and.interaction..External.entities.(other.applications.and.constructs).may.access.this.Meta.data.in.order.

to.utilize.service.constructs.and.their.compositions.. A.composition.is.typically.formed.from.many.

interconnected.components.that.are.constructed.in.a.layered.and.hierarchical.manner..Connectors.and.

adaptors.provide.a.level.of.indirection.that.reduces.dependencies.among.components..Interconnected.

compositions.are.coupled.using.operation.and.attribute.connectors.and.adaptors.[14].

Parameter

Interface

permissions

Provided

attribute

Provided

operation

Component

spec ification

1..*

Provided

interface

0..*1

0..*

Interface

spec ification

1..*

0..*

Required

attribute

Required

operation

Required

interface

0..*

0..*1

0..*

Attribute

Input

parameter

Output

parameter

Pre

condition

Post

condition

Operation

spec ification

0..*

FIGURE 14.1 Conceptual.Meta.model.of.a.component.

Multimedia Service Convergence 14-5

A.component.may.expose.a.number.of.interfaces..Each.interface.either.provides.or.requires.services.

in.the.form.of.data.attr

ibutes

.and.oper

ations.

.An.attr

ibute

.is.a.name

.prop

erty

.valu

.that.den

.the.

char

acteristics

.and.stat

.of.a.comp

onent.

.An.oper

ation

.is.the.impl

ementation

.of.a.spec

ic

.serv

ice

.that.

repr

esents

.the.dyn

amic

.beh

avior

.of.a.com

ponent.

14.4 tailorability

Tailorable.soware. allows. generic. soware. to.be. easily. constructed. and/or. modied. to. satisfy. the.

spec

ialized,

.rapi

dly

.chan

ging,

.uncl

ear,

.and/

.evol

ving

.chan

ges

.in.syst

.requ

irements.

.It.prov

ides

.a.

mean

.for.the.stra

ightforward

.crea

tion

.and.modi

cation

.of.sow

are

.at.runt

ime

.base

.on.mult

iple

.leve

of.det

ail

.and.com

plexity.

Morch

.[15].has.iden

tied

.thre

.tail

oring

.acti

vities

.wher

.the.syst

.user.inte

rface

.and.unde

rlying

logi

.can.be.mod

ied

.dyn

amically:

•

. Cust

omization—Customization

.ref

ers

.to.use

.int

erface

.mod

ications.

•

. Inte

gration— e

.inte

gration

.leve

.of.tail

oring

.refe

.to.chan

ges

.in.appl

ication

.comp

onents,

comp

ositions,

.int

erconnections,

.and.the

.con

guration.

•

. Extension— e.extension.level.of.tailoring.refers.to.the.addition.of.new.application.components.

and.con

gurations.

Using

.a.recon

gurable

.plug.and.play.comp

onent-based

.fram

ework

.as.a.basi

.for.the.crea

tion

.and.modi

cation

.of.sowa

re,

.it.is.poss

ible

.to.cons

truct,

.cust

omize,

.inte

grate,

.and.evol

.conv

ergence

.solut

ions.

14.5 Multimedia Convergence Using Service architecture

Recongurable.converged.applications.eliminate.traditional.barriers.by.oering.a.new.and.novel.solution.

that.allo

.exi

ble

.acce

.to.ente

rprise

.and.Inte

rnet

.data

. ey.prov

ide

.the.glue.betw

een

.ente

rprise

busi

ness

.appl

ications

.and.mult

imodal

.forms.of.conv

erged

.busi

ness

.comm

unication

.to.acces

.a.varie

of.telec

ommunications

.and.data.servi

ces

.Conn

ections

.may.be.achi

eved

.usin

.plai

.old.tele

phone

.servi

(POT

.tele

phones,

.cell.phon

es,

.PCs,.and/

.perso

nal

.digi

tal

.assi

stants

.(PDA

s).

.Mult

imedia

.conv

ergence

prom

otes

.media.coll

aboration

.usin

.a.varie

.of.comm

unication

.devi

ces

.and.netw

orks

.anyw

here

.and.at.

any.time..It.enab

les

.indi

viduals

.and.teams.to.inte

ract

.in.a.powe

rful,

.simp

le,

.and.conv

enient

.mann

er.

. e.

foll

owing

.appr

oach

.uses.a.thin.clie

.styl

.that.allo

.syst

.acces

.via.a.rang

.of.devi

ces

.and.conn

ections

with.no.speci

alized

.sowa

re.

.Acces

.is.prov

ided

.onli

.via.an.Inte

rnet

.brow

ser-based

.clie

nt.

.Call

.conf

er-

ences,

.and.serv

ices

.are.pro

vided

.ove

.wir

.and.wir

eless

.tel

ephony

.and.dat

.net

works

.as.rou

ted

.by.a.so-

are

..Priv

ate

.Bran

.eXcha

nge

.(PBX

.Inte

raction

.can.be.perf

ormed

.usin

.a.Web,.voic

.SMS,.vide

.data

and.inst

ant

.mess

aging

.inte

rfaces.

.Cust

omized

.swit

chboard

.forw

arding

.and.voic

.mail.feat

ures

.are.used.to.

mana

.call

.as.requ

ired.

.Whit

eboarding,

.meet

ing,

.and.prese

ntation

.mana

gement

.feat

ures

.are.also.used.

to.enha

nce

.coll

aboration.

.Figu

.14.2.illu

strates

.a.high

-level

.over

view

.of.such.a.conv

ergence

.appr

oach.

.mult

imedia

.conv

ergence

.cent

.(MC

).convergence.solution.is.proposed.using.proven.open.con-

cepts

.with.a.focu

.on.wide.comp

atibility.

.No.spec

ialized

.hard

ware

.devi

ces

.are.deem

.to.be.requ

ired.

Comp

uter-aided

.inte

raction

.is.perf

ormed

.using.a.Web.inst

ant

.mess

aging

.clie

.and.VoIP.capa

bility

that.comm

unicates

.with.a.cent

ral

.conv

ergence

.serv

.via.an.asyn

chronous

.appr

oach.

. e.appr

oach

illu

strated

.in.Fig

ure

.14.

.is.ado

pted

.in.ord

.to.pro

mote

.a.thi

.cli

ent

.sol

ution

.wit

.wid

.com

patibility.

Telecommunications

.func

tions

.are.prov

ided

.by.a.sow

are

.PBX.solu

tion

.that.coup

les

.the.feat

ures

.of.

comp

uters

.wit

.a.tel

ephone

.int

erface

.(Fi

gure

.14.

4).

14.5.1 Converged Services

Traditionally,.enterprise.applications.allow.users.to.access.corporate.data.in.a.static.location.using.a.

PC..Howe

ver,

.today

’s

.busin

ess

.prof

essionals

.have.a.busy.sche

dule

.and.they.are.freq

uently

.on.the.move

14-6 Industrial Communication Systems

Telecommunications.and.data.convergence.is.required.as.a.consequence.of.the.increased.exibility.that.

businesses.demand.[8]..An.IVR.system.is.programmed.using.recongurable.plug.and.play.soware.

architecture.[14].to.dynamically.compose,.integrate,.and.tailor.voice.access.to.data.services..System.

interaction.is.performed.using.voice.commands.or.touch-tones.

Figure

.14.5.illustrates.high-level.architecture.of.the.Interact.portion.of.the.MC

.proposal.[16]..It.pro-

vides

.access.to.enterprise.and.Internet.data.using.an.IVR.system.and.concurrent.Web.interface.. e.

plugin.services.used.here.interact.with.the.user.using.voice.prompts.and/or.a.Web.interface.and.access.

other.components,.services,.and.repositories.as.required..Sample.vE-mail,.vFinance,.vStocks,.vWeather,.

and.vNews.plugin.services.are.illustrated.

14.5.2 MC

Interact recongurable Convergence architecture

 e.following.framework.promotes.simplied.soware.construction,.customization,.integration,.and.

evolution.of.convergence.solutions.. e.framework.allows.the.solution.to.easily.integrate.existing.enter-

prise

.and.Internet.applications.and.newly.implemented.components.as.communication/interaction.ser-

vices.

.Services.may.be.added.and.removed.dynamically.as.per.business.requirements.. is.allows.for.

prompt.awareness.and.response.to.enterprise.triggers.

.the.highest.level,.MC

.Interact.host.behaves.as.an.IVR.entrypoint..As.illustrated.below.(Figure.

14.6),.voice.plugin.discovery,.query,.identication,.and.invocation.are.used.to.situate,.dene,.describe,.

and.utilize.available.converged.services..Once.a.voice.plugin.has.been.identied,.it.is.assigned.a.telephone.

TRI interface

conference MC

call MC

interact

services

switchboard

communication

convergence centre

communicator

FIGURE 14.2 Multimedia.convergence.

Multimedia Service Convergence 14-7

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

is a Web development technique for

creating interactive web applications.

The intent is to make web pages feel

more responsive by exchanging

small amounts of data with the server

behind the scenes, so that the entire

web page does not have to be

reloaded each time the user makes

a change.

XML-based protocols for

instant messaging and

presence information.

Software is deployed on

servers across the internet

and is used by over ten

million people Worldwide.

XHTML, JavaScript and XML

Web client

ASYC.

JAVASCRIPT

Instant messaging

Media convergence centre MC

User/contact

database

<MYSQL>

SQL

Jabber

Web pages

and

JavaScript files

XML

and

XSLT Files

Web ServerWeb Server

HTTP Request Response

XML Http Request

Browser

User interface

JavaScript

XHTML

Bob

Client

N56

N51

Jabber. org

Jabber ID

N14

N21

N12

N32

N33

bob@jabber.org

can exchange messages.

Clients communicate by way

of Jabber servers.

Jabber servers can be freely set up.

and

alico@media-art-online.org

media-art-online.org

Client

Alicoe

Jabber

server

Jabber

server

Jabber

server

Jabber. jP

Ajax API

INTERACT

PUNJAB

Punjab is a HTTP, jabber client interface. It allows

persistent client connections to a jabber server.

Web-based messaging client. Written

using AJAX technology it relies

on JavaScript and HTML at the

client-side only.

FIGURE 14.3 Multimedia.convergence.center.(MC

)—computer-aided.interaction.

14-8 Industrial Communication Systems

allows individuals and groups

to manage their total

communications in-house by

relieving them of the dependency

on any one telecommunications

camier to provide connectivity

across their data, voice, and mobile

access networks.

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

is a Web development technique for

creating interactive web applications.

The intent is to make web pages feel

more responsive by exchanging

small amounts of data with the server

behind the scenes, so that the entire

web page does not have to be

reloaded each time the user makes a

change.

Software PBX provides

features such as management

and routing.

A set of Java classes

that interact with an Asterisk.

Web pages

and

JavaScript files

Web server Web server

HTTP Request Response

XMLHttp Request

Ajax API

JavaScript

XHTML

User interface

Browser

XML

and

XSLT Files

JAVA

INTERACT

AGI

CC ENGINE

Media convergence center MC

ASYNC

JAVASCRIPT

SOFT-PBX

SQL

User/contact

database

<MYSQL>

telecommunication

engine manages telecommunication,

conferencing, users and services

user interaction is received from

AJAX and forwarded to the Soft-PBX

via Java AGI connection.

XHTML, JavaScript, and XML

FIGURE 14.4 Multimedia.convergence.center.(MC

)—soware.PBX.integration.