Волынец М.М. Профессия: оператор. Учебное пособие для студентов ВУЗов

Pa3aeji

II.

Pa6oTa onepaTopa

co

CBCTOM

CxeMa

uiKOAbHoeo

taiacca.

HanpaejieHue cbeMKU

—

«na

OKHO»

ripHHUHflbl

pa60TbI CO CBCTOM

B

HHTepbepe

AHeBHoe

ocBemeHMe

CBerCd

Puc.

69

cbeMKH o6mero onaHa loiacca

(TOMK3

CT>CMKH

1),

TO

cHHMaeTca cpeAHHfi

ruiaH

c

AByMH oKHaMH (TOMKa cbeMKH

2)

HJIH

anaH

c

OAHHM

OKHOM

(TOHKa

CbeMKH

3).

Bmopou

eapuanm:

che/mca

edoAb

OKOH

(pnc.

70). B

STOM

BapnaHTe CBeT

H3

OKOH

naaaeT HenocpeacrBeHHO Ha

JIHIW

jHOfleii,

HanpHMep

yseHHKOB,

CHAHIUHX

B

iciacce.

Koraa TOMKa

CT>CMKH

HaxoflHTca

y

creHbi,

Ha KOTopon

BHCHT

flocKa, a

yneHHKH

CHAHT

;IHUOM

K

KaMepe,

TO

AHCBHOM

CBCT

(5500K)

H3

OKOH

6yaeT

pncyiomMM.

A

CBCT

sjieKTpoocBeTHTejibHbix npn6opoB

(3200K),

pa6oTaiomHX

OT

KaMepu,

—

3ano^H«iowHM.

CxeMa

lUKOJibHoeo

taiacca.

Hanpaenenue cbeMKU

—

edojib

OKOH

flHeBHoe

ocBeiueHHe

3aecb Hannuo HBHoe CMeiueHwe AHeBHoro

H

HCKyccTBeHHoro

cBeTa.

ripn cieMKe TaKoro Kaapa

onepaTop

HMeeT

TPH

BO3MOXHOCTH:

•

FIocTaBHTb Ha

3;ieKTpoocBeTHTejibHbie

npH6opbi rojiyGbie

KOMneH-

cauwoHHbie

(pH^bTpw,

aoBean HBeTOByio

TeMnepaTypy CBeTOBoro

noTOKa

no

5500K.

IlocTaBHTb Ha

KaMepe

HaTypHWH cBeracpHJibTp

(N°

2

HJ1H No

3).

CHHMaTb

B

HaTypHOM pOKHMC

•

CHHMaTb

B

HaTypHOM

pe>KHMe,

Hcno^b3ya aneKTpoocBeTHTe/ibHbie

npn6opbi THna

«nnr»,

«AHE»,

«JIK)KCAP»,

aaioiuHe

CBCTOBOH

noTOK,

no

UBeTOBOH

TeMnepaType

6JIH3KHH

K

iiHeBHOMy

CBeTy.

•

FIonbiTaTbCH «nepe6HTb» saeicrpocBeTOM

noTOK

AHeBHoro

CBeTa,

naaaiomero H3

OKOH

(npH cbeMKe

B

peacHMe

HCKyccTBeHHoro

oc-

BemeHHH

c

(pmibTpoM N°

1

Ha

KaMepe).

EcnH

B

HaiueM pacnopaxeHHH /iocraTOHHoe

KO^HMCCTBO

CBeTa

HCKyccr-

BeHHoro,

a

jweBHOH

CBCT

H3

OKOH

He

Mpe3MepHO

HHTCHCHBCH,

3TO

yuaeTca.

MHTeHCHBHOCTb CBeTa

OT

3JieKTponpn6opoB aojixHa 6biTb

B

1,5-2

pa3a

6ojibixie,

neM HHTeHCHBHOCTb CBeTa H3

OKOH.

To/ibKO Toraa

MM

«3a6beM»

nwiyGofi

CBCT,

H36aBHMCH

OT

CMeiueHHH CBeTa ziHeBHoro

H HCKyccTBeHHo-

ro

H,

cneaoBaTejibHo,

OT

UBeTOHCKaxeHHH.

Tpemuu

eapuanm:

cbeMKa om

OKOH

(pnc.

71).

3TOT

Baa cieMKH

npoBO-

flHTCH

TOraa,

Koraa HCKyccTBeHHbiH

CBCT

Boo6me

OTcyrcTByeT,

H

MM

HC-

no^b3yeM

TOJibKo

HHCBHOH

CBCT,

naaaiouiHH

H3

OKOH.

B

STHX

yc/ioBHHx

CbeMKa npoBoaHTca

B

HaTypHOM

pexHMe.

OTKpMTue

HHTepbepu.

B

OTKPMTMX

HHTepbepax

—

noMeineHHHX

co

creioiHHHbiMH

creHaMH OT nana

no nomnKa

HJIH

C

oxcyTCTBHeM

CTCH

—

Ha Teppace

—

cieMKa npoBoaHTca

B

HaTypHOM

pewHMe.

CxeMa

utKOAbHoeo

taiacca.

Hanpaenenue cbeMKU

—

om

OKOH

K3

K^s)

^

ES

S3

ESS

re^

S3

KS3

^

\

•

,

v

BeS

K

,.

A.

s

^^

ZlHeBHoe

KX^A

"

ocBemeHMe

E3^%

.

*•

Puc.

70

Puc.

71

134

135

/JwiiaiviMKa CBera

ripHpoaa

H

uHBH^M3auMH HacTOHHHBo

fleMOHCTpMpyioT

HaM

nopa3n-

TeJlbHOe pa3H006pa3He nOCTOHHHO M3MeHJUOWHXCH yc/iOBHH

ocBeuieHH«.

FIpHMepoB AHHaMHMecKoro cBeTa 6ecHHCJieHHoe

MHOXCCTBO:

•

noHBJieHiie nepBbix jiyHeH BocxoAfliuero cojiHiia

—

«3aropaiomMe-

CR»

BepxyiiJKH

aepeBbeB,

«3aHHHKM»

B OKHax

^OMOB;

•

6JIHKH

Ha

Boae

—

HX

oTpaxeHHe

Ha

Jinuax

juonevi,

Ha

npenideTax,

Ha

CTeHax;

•

jiyHH

cojiHua,

ocBemaiouiMe Jiwua

repoeB

cKB03b Tpenemyiuyio

jiHCTBy;

•

BcnwiiJKH

MO;IHHH,

npeo6paxajouiMe Bee

BOKpyr;

•

MMraiomHM CBd

OT

KOCTpa;

• flBuxyiuMecH

JiyHH

OT

npoe3>Kaiomero

TpaHcnopTa;

•

0T6jiecKM

H

pedwieKcu BcnbixHBaiomeii

H

racHyiueti

cBeTO-UBeTo-

BOM

pemiaMbi

H

T.A.,

M

T.n.

ZlHHaMHHecKHH

CBCT

MOXHO

Ha6/no,aaTb

H B HHTepbepe:

•

x^onaroiuHe

OT

BeTpa cTaBHH Ha

OKHax,

TO

3aKpbiBaiomne

CBCT

H

norpyxaiomne KOMHaTy

B

nonyrbMy,

TO

OTKpbiBaioiuHe

nyTb no-

TOKy

npKoro

CBeTa;

•

3axHraHHe

H

rameHMe jno6oro wcroMHHKa HCKyccTBeHHoro

OCBC-

meHMH

—

OT

HOHHMKa

y

nocrejiH 6o/ibHoro no orpoMHOM .niocTpi.i

Ha nomnKe KOHuepTHoro

3a^a,

B03HHKHOBeHne w MC4e3HOBeHne

CBeTOBoro

scpcpeKTa;

•

6-IMKH

OT

ropaiuero

KaMHHa;

•

BionoMeHHe CBeTa

B

cocenHefl,

TCMHOH

KOMHaTe

MJIH

noone/iOBa-

TejibHO

— B

aH(pmiaiie KOMHaT

H

T.n..

Oco6yio

c/io>KHocTb

JUIJI

onepaTopa

npeacTaBJiaeT dunaMUKa

upema,

T.e.

3(p(peKT,

rae nponcxonnT nocmeneHHoe U3Mehenue ceema

u

ueema

e

Kadpe.

OnepaTOp

co3naeT onpe/ie/ieHHyio apxHTeKTOHHKy

UBeTa,

nxuwi-

HeHHyio o6meMy >KHBonMCHo-H3o6pa3HTe;ibHOMy peweHMio

3nn30.ua.

Ha-

npHMep,

aeKopauHH

M

aKTepbi

B

Heft ocBeuiaioTCH CKB03b oKua

po30Ba-

THM

cBeTOM 3axoaflmero

cojiHua.

CojiHue

3axonHT,

HacTynatoT

cyMepKU.

ocBemeHne craHOBHTca

raiy6oBaTO-cepbiM,

KaK 6bi aaxe

HenocTaTOM-

HUM.

HaKOHeu 3axHraiOT;iaMnb[ (mu

BHOCHTCBCMM).

Jlwua

aKTepoB,

ac-

KopauwH

—

Bee cHOBa

ocBemaeTca,

HO

yxe

/apyrwM,

TeanbiM,

CBCTOM.

...B

yr/iy He6o/ibiuoM

TOCTHHOH

CTOHT

MpaMopHaa xeHCKaa ro/ioBKa

—

o6bmHbiH cKy^bnTypHbift

nopTpeT.

.AHCM

ocBemeHHWH naaaiowMM H3 oKHa

CBCTOM

nopTpeT

o/iHueTBopaeT

CO6OH

cnoKOHHoe,

OTpeiueHHoe

OT

noBce/i-

HeBHOCTH

AOCTOHHCTBO.

Pa3pa3miacb

rp03a.

rioTeMHe.no 3a

OKHOM,

cyMpaK OKyran

KOMHaTy.

Bcnbiui-

Ka

MOJIHHH

03apHJia

rocTMHyio,

yziap npKoro xonojiHoro CBeTa 6yjno

xnecTHy-

1

136

Boo6paxeHne,

cpaHTa3Mfl,

o6pa3

no

jinny cnoKOHHoro

nopTpeTa.

rioKa3ariocb,

HTO

xeHiuKHa BCKpHKHy/ia

OT

CBeTOBoro

yziapa.

TeHH

OT

6erymnx

no OKOHHOMy

creioiy noTOKOB

BOHM

6^aroaapa

Bcnojio-

xaM

MOJIHHH

npoeunpoBajiMCb Ha MpaMopHyio xeHCKyio

ronoBKy.

OHa 6yjrro

njiaKajia.

OKOHHMJiacb

rpo3a.

JIKWH

BOLU^H

B

rocTMHyio,

3a>KrjiH

K3MMH,

Hananacb

HeTopon^HBan

6ece.ua.

Ten^bie

6^HKH

CBeTa

OT

orHH KaMHHa ocBeiuann

He

To^bKo 6ece.ayioiuHx

juoneii,

HO

H

MHTKHMM

npHKocHOBeHHHMH 6yaTO

^acKa-

JIH

MpaMopHoe

JIHUO

cKy^bnTypu.

OT

3Toro BbipaxeHHe

ee

Jinua

cMarMHJiocb,

OHa

KaK 6w corpeBanacb

oTTen^a,

ynacTBOBajia

B

pa3roBope.

Xo^OflHbin

Mpa-

MOp

OXHBan,

OAyXOTBOpHJICH.

To,

4T0 HeB03Mo>KHo nepeaaTb

B

«MMCTOM»

CKy^bnType,

MOXHO

ao-

nOJIHHTb >IMHaMHKOH (H3MeHeHMeM)

CBCTa.

3TO AOCTynHO TO^bKO

KMHe-

MaTorpaqby

H

TcneBHueHHio.

CaMoe

maBHoe

TO,

MTO

Bee

3TH

H3MeHeHna

CBeTa npoHcxoflHT

HenpepbiBHO,

nepexoan apyr

B

npyra,

HTO

co3iiaeT

3(p(peKT peajibHoro TeneHHfl

>KH3HH.

Bbino^HHTb TaKyio cteMKy

He npo-

[

CTO,

HO OHa

6yneT no^Ha H3o6pa3HTenbHOH

SKcnpeccHH.

Eme oflHH

npnMep.

«XlBoe jnoaefi 3aMep3aioT

B

MaujHHe.

M3MeHeHne

qbn-

3HMecKoro

COCTOHHHH

repoeB

BbipaxaeTCJi

B

wrpe

UBeTa.

IlocTeneHHO M3 Kaapa

yxoaHT Tenjibie

TOHa:

KpacHbifl

UBCT

noaqbapHHKOB,

xejiTOBaTbift

— OT

qbap

aBTOMo6njJH.

Kaap

CT3HOBHTC«

MOHOxpoMHbiM, H

Koraa 3a™xaeT nocyie^Hee

npoHBJieHHe

XM3HH,

M3o6pa>KeHiie craHOBHTCfl

XO^OAHUM,

cepo-rojiy6biM.

JXnn

6o^bii]ero 3(pcj)eKTa Hcnojib30BajiCH

rpnM,

6^ecTKM,

3aMopo3Ka

CTCKOJI.

HO

DiaBHOM KpacKOti

6bi^

uBeT»

(B.

Haxa6uee).

ripHMepbi

MO>KHO

npuBo/iHTb

6ecKOHeMHO.

Ka^KJibiM

onepaTop

B COOT-

BeTCTBHH

co

CBOMM

Boo6pa>KeHneM,

co

CBoefi (paHTa3neH Bocco3aaeT

pa3-

jiHMHbie scpqbeKTbi Ha

3KpaHe.

Boo6pa^teHne,

4>aHTa3MH,

o6pa3

rioMMMO

O6IUHX

CBeaeHMM

o pa6oTe onepaTopa co

CBCTOM,

STO

noco-

6we cTaBHT cBoen 3ajiaMeti HayMHTb cjiyujaTejieH «MMTaTb» u «noHMMaTb»

CBeT,

nocTaB^eHHbiti apyrMMH onepaTopaMM

B

(pn^bMax w

nepejianax,

Bbi3BaTb >Ke/iaHne yMMTbcn

y

pa3^HMHbix

MacTepoB, a

Taicxe aKTHBHo

(paH-

Ta3HpoBaTb caMHM

B

noBceztHeBHOH

pa6oTe.

B

KaqecTBe

npHMepa

n^oaoTBopHOM

cpaHTa3HH npw co3aaHHM

onpe/ae-

JieHHoro

o6pa3a

npMBoaHTCH BOcnoMMHaHne

B.

Haxa6ueBa

o

HepeanH30-

BaHHOM 3aMbicne

Ha

cteMKax qbHJibMa

o

rpacpe

Ka^nocTpo.

«MO>KHO

o6birpaTb CBeTOBbie 3(p(peKTbi

—

npoxoa

no

aHCJJH^aae

KOM-

HaT,

rae noHBH^CH rpacp

Ka^HOCTpo.

CHMMaTb

OAHMM

KycKOM.

B

Kaacaofi

KOMHaTe pa3Hbie CBeTOBbie

(H

zieKopauHOHHbie.

—

M.

B.)

cocToaHHH:

B

OJIHOH

—

cojiHeMHbifi

/jeHb,

B

apyroM ropflT

cBewH,

B

cne/iyiomeM

— 3a

137

Pa3zieji

II.

Pa6oTa onepaTopa co

CBeTOM

OKHOM

3HMa,

CTOHT

CaHH,

MyXMK KOJieT

iipOBa,

flaJlbUie —

paCKpblTbl

oKHa,

Ha ABope

jieTo,

yrioi

B

npyay.

C

UBeTOM TaKaa

xe

Hrpa:

B

OAHOH

naHopaMe —

OT

Ten.noro

opaHxeBO-

ro no

cepo-ro/iy6oro.

MOXHO

AOBCCTH

naeio no nojiHoro aGcypua

— B

KOMHaTe

COJIHCMHWH

JICTHHH

aeHb,

a

Koraa KaMepa

6epeT B Kaap

OKHO

—

HOMb,

3MMa,

CHer...

B

(pHJibMe 3Ta naea

He

peanM30BaHa.

Boo6iue Koraa qbMJibM

CHHT,

noHHMaeujb,

MTO

OH

—

jcnaa6HiueHepe-

anH30BaHHbix

npoeicroB.

HaTypa

TpaHCcpopMHpyeTca,

xyaoxecTBeHHO

npe-

o6pa3yeTca (oKpacKa

cpcabi:

nepeBba,

cieHbi,

UBCTHOH

CBCT,

(pHJibTpu,

HacaaKH

H.

T.n.), coxpaHaa

paMKM

pe&nbHOCTH,

nepeocMbic/ieHHon

MHOM-

BHiiya^bHblM BHfleHHeM

xyflOXHHKa.

KMHO

H

TejieBaaeHMe aaioT B03MOXHOCTb

"BMeuiHBaTbca"

B

npHpoay

CBeTOM, UBeTOM,

OriTHKOH,

TCMnOM

flBHXeHHa, MT06bI

C03flaTb

Ha

3KpaHe

HOBbIM MyBCTBeHHblH MHp

— 06pa3».

B

HaMajie

3TOM

pa6oTbi

roBopmiocb,

MTO

;ma pexnccepa

B

COBMCCTHOM

TBopwecTBe aopor

TOT

onepaTop,

KOTopbiM npHBHOCMT

MTO-TO

CBoe CBepx

Tpe6oBaHMH cueHapna

H

pexwccepa.

MyBCTBO HeyfloaneTBopeHHocTH

noc-

.ne cteMKH OMepcaHoro (panbMa 3HaKOMo nowra

KaxaoMy onepaTopy. Ho

MTo6w HMeTb ocHOBaHHe Ha3BaTb HepeajiH30BaHHbie 3aMbicnbi

«KJiaa6H-

meM»,

HyxHO

3TM

3aMbianbi

poiiHTb,

npn,ayMaTb,

HacpaHTa3HpoBaTb.

«5i HHKoraa He 6bui owapoBaH

CBOHM

TBOPMCCTBOM...

noKa a

nHu/y,

MHe

STO

KaxeTca

3aMenaTe^bHbiM,

HO

Koraa

a

CTaarno nooncaHioio TOMKy

M

nepewHTbiBaio

HanncaHHoe,

a BHxy,

KaK

STO

narieico no

coBepuieHCTBa.

Ho

3aTo

a

Haaeiocb,

MTO

ancayioiuee crnxoTBopeHHe 6yaeT

3aMeMaTe.nb-

HbiM...» {Eyjiam

OicydDKaea).

Bonpoc.

TaK

MTO

xe

TaKoe TBopMecxaa /iMMHOCTb?

Omeem:

3TO

Me/ioBeK,

HHKoraa He yaoBJieTBoparomMiica pe3yjibTaTaMn

CBoeft

pa6oTbi.

3TO

xyaoxHMK,

nocToaHHO

HaxoaaiuHftca

B

noHCKe

HOBblX

nyTefi

H,

CJICaOBaTe/IbHO,

HOBblX HaXOflOK

H

OTKpblTMM

B

Bbipa-

3HTe^bHbIX B03MOXHOCTaX CBOeM

HpOCpeCCMM.

Bbieod:

BMCOKMH

Ky/ibrypHbiH

ypoBeHb, Tara

K

3aMeMaTejibHbiM

o6pa3uaM

^HTepaTypbi,

nocroaHHoe conpMKOCHOBeHHe

c

.nyMiiiHMH

npoM3B&ae-

HHaMM CMeXHblX BMilOB M306pa3MTejlbHOrO HCKyCCTBa

—

XMBOnHCH,

CKyjibnTypu,

(poTorpacpHH,

KMHO

—

Heo6xoziHMoe KaMecTBO

H

Henpe-

/ioxnoe Tpe6oBaHMe

K

xyaoxHHKy,

K

McnoBeKy

TBOPMCCKOH

npoqbec-

CHH,

COBepiiieHCTBOBaTbCa

B KOTOpOH HyXHO B

TeMeHMe BCeM

XH3HH.

Be^HKHfi anoHCKHfi xynoxHHK KauycMKa

XoKycaw,

npocJiaaneHHbiii

B

cBoetf crpaHe

H

.aajieKO 3a

ee

npe.ae.naMM,

McnoBeK,

co3aaBuiHfi

COTHII

npeKpacHbix npon3Be.aeHMM

MCKyccTBa,

aaHaxaw HanMcaji

B

CBoeM

nueu-

HHKe:

«MHe

KaxeTca,

MTO

mribKO

Tenepb a

Koe-MeMy

HayMnnca*.

B

3Ty

nopy MacTepy

6buio BOceMtaecaT uiecTb

;ieT.

P a 3 fl e

JI

III

CbEMKA

APXMTEKTyPHblX

COOPy^KEHMli

B

.oejie nponaraaabi MCKyccTBa BOo6me

H

npoH3BeaeHHH apxMTeicrypbi

B

MacTHOCTH Te^eBHfleHHe npw3BaHO cwrpaTb

H

HrpaeT

ponb,

KOTopyio

ipyflHO

nepeoueHHTb.

ApxMTeicrypa

—

apxMTeicrypHbie

coopyxeHna,

cxy^bn-

Typa,

o6i>eKTbi rpaaocTpoHTe/ibHoro TBopMecTBa

—

Bbino^HaeT

B

4>H;ibMax

H

nepeaaMax KaK MHHHMyM ,o.Be

qbyHKUHH,

BbicTynaeT KaK 6w

B

iiByx

pojiax.

npoH3BeAeHHa apxHTeicrypbi

Moryr

HBJiaTbca «maBHbiMH repoaMH» tpunbMa

mm

nepeaaMM,

nocBameHHbix HenocpeacTBeHHO TeMe H3o6pa3MTe;ibHoro

MCKyccTBa,

rpaaocTpoMTenbHoro

TBopMecTBa.

C

apyroM

CTopoHbi,

apxn-

Teiorypa

MOXCT

BbinojiHaTb po^b

qboHa,

cpeabi,

r^e

pa3BepTbiBaeTca

neii-

CTBMe HrpoBoro

tynjib\ia.

M Toraa oHa Hapaay

c

KocrioMaMH

n

peKBH3H-

TOM

aBMTCa

OCHOBOM

BH3yaHbHOM HOCTOBepHOCTM

3n0XH,

O

KOTOpOH

CHH-

MaeTca

(pn^bM.

A

BH3yanbHaa aocTOBepHocTb noMOxeT aocTOBepHOCTH

ApaMaTyprMMecKOM,

SMOUMOH&nbHOH.

OTCioaa BbiTeKaeT

Tpe6oBaHMe K

TBopMecKHM

pa6oTHHKaM — roTOBa

MaTepwaji

06

onpcae/ieHHOH

MCTOPH-

MecKOH

snoxe,

caMbiM TiuaTejibHbiM

o6pa30M

OT6wpaTb o6i>eKTbi

apxHTeK-

Typbi,

KOTopue 6yiiyT xapaKTepn30BaTb HCTopwMecKyio

cpeny.

IlpHMeM

He3aBHCHMO

OT

Toro,

6yaeT

JIM

apxHTeKTypa

To^bKO

(poHOM

\\nu rnaBHUM

06l>eKTOM

CbeMKH.

naMaTHMKH

apxHTeKTypw,

BbuaiomHeca npoH3BefleHwa 30iiMHx

np&a-

CTaB^aioT

CO6OH

6^aroflapHeHUiHH

MaTepwaa iuia

cieMOK,

TaK KaK caMH

no ce6e

aB^aioTca npo^yKTOM

TBopMecTBa

apxHTeKTopoB,

Bbipa3MTe^aMH

HX

Haefi.

JI1060H

MejiOBeK,

3HaKOMaiuHiica

c

TeM

H^H

HHHM

naMaTHHKOM

apxMTeKTypbi,

peiuaeT

caM,

MTO

ocMOTpeTb B

nepByio

OMepeflb,

MTO

— BO

BTopyio,

Ha

MeM

He

ocTaHaanHBaTbca

BOBCC

Mbi,

B3aB Ha

ce6a

(pyHKUHio

noKa3a npoH3BeaeHHa apxHTeKTypw Ha

3KpaHe,

«HaBa3biBaeM» 3pHTejno

He

To^bKO

CBOH

BKyc,

CBOH

npHCTpacTHa,

HO

H

CBoe

noHHMaHHe

npe^Me-

Ta

KaK

TaKOBoro.

Cne.aoBaTe.nbHO,

H

Ham

BKyc, n

Hauia spyanuHa

B

STOM

Bonpoce

aojixHbi 6biTb

6e3ynpeMHbi.

CHHMaa (pH^bM win co3aaBaa

nepejaMy,

rae «r^aBHbiM repoeM»

HB-

^aeTca

caMa

apxHTeicrypa,

Mbi o6a3aHbi

He HCKaxaTb

KOMno3HUHOHHbie

3aMbICJIbI

30ZIMMX.

MHTepeCHO HaMfleHHaa

TOMKa

CT>eMKH ilO^XHa ^HOJb

139

Pa3neji

III.

CbeMKa apxHTeicrypHbix coopyaceHHH

noflnepKHBaTb 3pHTejibHOH

scpcpeKT,

3aayMaHHbift

apxHTeicropoM.

PexHC-

cep

H

onepaTop

aojiacHH niy6oKO npoHHKHyTb

B cyTb

apxHTeicrypHoro

npoM3Be.aeHHfl,

MTO6H

peuiHTb,

npH

noMomn KaKHX npocpeccnoHanbHbix

npneMOB HaH6oJiee Bbipa3HTe;ibHO aoHecru

ao

3pHTejia

aBTopcKHH 3aMH-

ce;i.

PaccMOTpHM

nocaeaoBaTejibHo

BO3MO>KHOCTM

CICMKH

ropoaa,

ruio-

maan,

yanuu,

aoMa

c TOMKH

3peHHH noncKOB HanGoaee Bbipa3HTejibHbix

npweMOB

HX

noKa3a Ha

3KpaHe.

ropoA

ilajKe

co

cMOTpoBOH

ruiomaaKH,

HaxoaaiueHCH

BHCOKO Haa ropoaoM,

ero

B3niRaoM He

oxBaTHTb.

Mw noBopaMHBaeM ronoBy coBepuieHHO

Henpo-

n3BO^ibHo,

xejiaa yBHaeTb Becb

ropoa UCJIHKOM. CaMH Toro He

noao3peBafl,

MW

acnaeM

naHopaMy.

.HencTBHTejibHO,

peaKO

yaaeTCH cHHTb CTaTHMHHH

O6IUHH

njiaH

ropoaa. 06HMHO

npuxoanTca aejiaTb

naHopaiwy.

FIpHMeM

ana

naHopavtbi He o6a3aTejibHO ucnojib30BaTb

KopoTKocpOKycHyio,

uinpoKoyroab-

Hyio

onTHKy.

MeaneHHan

naHopaMa,

caejiaHHaa

npH

noMOiun

«HopMaJibHO-

ro» o6i>eKTHBa (F

= 40-50

MM),

aaeT

xopouine pe3yjibTaTH

(pnc.

72).

Han6ojiee

uinpoKHe,

o6mne anaHbi oTKpHBaioTCH

c BepxHHX

TOHCK

ro-

poaa —

BbicoTHbix

3flaHHti,

Tejie6aujeH,

c rop. HanpHMep,

nocne

B03Beae-

HHH

3ixaHHfl C3B

c ero BepxHHX

yraxevi OTKpnaacb

3aMeMaTejibHa«,

paHee

HeH3BecTHafl

naHopaMa Ha

nanyHHHy

MocKBbi-peKH,

Kyry30BCKMH

npo-

cneicr

c

rocTHHHueM

«YKpaHHa»,

BopoanHCKHH

MOCT

H

ruiouiaab

nepea

KneBCKHM

BOK3aHOM.

HO

H C

TaKMX

BHCOKHX

TOMCK HeB03MO)KHO OXBaTMTb

B3maaoM

Becb ropoa.

naHopaMHpoBaHne

Heo6xoaHMO.

TaKHe

naHopaMH

xeaaTejibHO HaMHHaTb

H

3aKaHMHBaTbCTaTHKOH.

CraTHHHbie Kaapn

B

HaMane

H

B

KOHUe naHOpaMbl aOaXHH

6blTb

KOMn03HUHOHHO

Bbipa3HTeJIbHbI.

HopMajibHaa ontHKa

nHP

:<£%

jet

<£>•

m

lilnpoKoyrojibHaH onTHKa

nHP

Puc.

72

Topozi

140

OweHb HHTepecHon

MOXCT

6biTb BepTHKanbHaa

naHopaMa-noaieM,

BH-

nojiHeHHaa

c

noMoiubio onepaTopcKoro KpaHa

HJIM

BHeuiHero,

3pKepHoro

autpTa.

HanaTb TaKyio

naHopaMy

xopouio

c

KaKoro-Hn6yab

cpparMeHTa,

3a-

TeM,

noaHHMaacb Bbiiue

H

Bbiixie,

oaHOBpeMeHHO ocyiuecTBaaa

onTHMe-

CKHH

oTbeaa

(c

noMoiubio

TpaHC(poKaTopa),

OTKpbiBaTb

B3opy

3pHTejia Bee

6ojieeaajibHioio nepcneKTHBy

ropoaa.

06mne unaHH

ropoaa OTJIHMHO noay-

waioTca npn cieMKax

c B03ayxa

(BO

BpeMH aBRaceHHH

—

c

caMoneTa,

BepTO-

aeTa).

CaMoneT

HJIH

BepraieT

JICTHT,

HanpHMep,

Haa maBHOH MaracTparibio

ropoaa,

napajuiejibHO

en.

npn Taicon cieMKe xopoiuo MHTaeTCH o6man

ro-

poacKaa

anaHnpoBKa,

3aMbicjibi rpaaocrpoHTejien

—

KaK Ha

jiaaoHH.

J\J\H

cteMOK

O6UIHX

n^aHOB

ropoaa Han6ojiee noaxozifliUHM Hy>KHO

CHHTaTb apKoe cariHeHHoe

ocBeuxeHHe,

aaiouxee pe3Kyio

CBeTOTeHb,

xopo-

uio

BbiflBjiaioiuyio

o6i>eMbi.

HanpaaneHne co/iHiza

—

6oKOBoe

no

oTHouie-

HHK)

K HanpaaneHHK)

CT>CMKH.

JXnn aocTHxeHHa 6o^ee

n^aBHoro,

Mea-

aeHHoro noneTa (cteMKa

c

TOMKH

3peHH« napamen nTHUbi) onepaTopu

HacTo no^b3yioTCH yBejinqeHHeM

CKOPOCTH

CT>CMKH.

HanpHMep,

ci>eMKa

co

CKopocTbio

50

K/C

aaeT HaM 3(p(peKT

MnrKoro,

napamero

no^eTa.

Ha

Tejie-

BHaeHHM

3TO

3aMeaneHHe noneTa aerKO

flOcroraeTCH

npn

MOHTa>Ke.

Ho

cmrib

6bi aonro

MH HH

aepxann

O6LUHH

naaH Ha

3KpaHe,

paccMOTpeTb

ropoa

noiipo6Hee,

no3HaKOMHTbcn

c HHM

6jiH)Ke

y

3pHTe^a

BO3MO>KHOCTH

Bee

paBHO

He 6yaeT. Or

o6mero ruiaHa

H

BneMaT^eHne ocraHeTCH

o5o6meHHbiM.

no3TO-

My

cnycTHMC» Ha 3eMjno

H

npoaaeMCJi

no

anoiuaoflM

H

y^nuaM

ropoaa.

IlJiomaflb

nonaB Ha uinpoKyK)

n^omaab,

MH

O6H4HO

CTapaeMca oxBaTHTb

ee

B3rjiaaoM

BCIO

UCUHKOM,

no^ywHTb 3aKOHMeHHoe

o6mee

BneMaivieHHe.

EC^H

njiouxaab oweHb

uinpoKa,

MH

«naHopaMnpyeM»

B3rjiaaoM.

Ilocae

STOTO

MH

npHHHMaeMCH paccMaTpHBaTb OTae^bHbie

3aaHHH,

O6T>CKTH,

o6paM^aio-

WHe

n^omaab.

3aecb Hauie BHHMaHHe HanpaaneHo

OT

o6uiero

K

nacTHOMy.

Ho

6biBaeT

H

TaK.

nonaB Ha

n^oiuaab,

eme He oniRaeB

ee

BCKJ

UCJIHKOM,

MH

3aHHTepecoBHBaeMCH KaKHM-HH6yab OTae^bHHM

o6teKTOM,

ao^ro

pac-

CMaTpHBaeM

ero,

H3y4aeM.

W nviuib noTOM o6pamaeM BHHMaHHe Ha

BCKJ

naouxaab,

aa

H TO C

TOMKH

3peHH« 3Toro 3aHHTepecoBaBiuero

Hac, Ha

Haui

B3raj«a,

maBHoro o6i>eKTa

n^ouiaan.

3aecb

Hauia Mbicab naeT

OT

Ma-

CTHoro

K

o6iueMy.

npn cteMKe naoutaan npHMepHo TaK xe

6yaeT

aencTBOBaTb

H

onepa-

Top.

OH

MoxeT cHaMana cHATb

O6UIHH

naaH

naomaan.

n/iaH

MOJKCT

6biTb M

CTaTHMHHM,

H

(ec/iH naouiaab uinpoKa)

CHATHM

npn

noMouiH

naHopaMH.

noc^e 3Toro

onepaTop

cae^aeT Hae3a

Ha

oaHH H3 raaBHbix

O6T>CKTOB

n^o-

uxaan.

M,

nocaeaoBaTeabHO noKa3aB Bee 3aaHHH

H

coopyxeHHH,

TaK

cKa-

3aTb,

KpynHbiMH

naaHaMH,

3aBepujHT cieMKy noKa30M

apxHTeKTypHoro

aHcaM6^a.

BMecre

c

TeM

MO>KHO

HaMaTb ci>eMKy

HenocpeacTBeHHo c

raaBHo-

141

Pa3aeji

III.

CbeMKa

apxHreicrypHbix coopyxeHHtf

fopcw

ro

o6i>eicra,

xyaoxecTBeHHO-CMbicnoBoro uenrpa

ruiomaan.

3aTeM

cae-

jiaTb OTbe3fl (orrnmecKMH) H noKa3aTb

BCK)

njiomaab

O6IUHM

nJiaHOM.

MOXHO

Hanatb cteMKy

c

KaKoro-Jin6o

(pparMeHTa,

CBH3aHHoro

no

CMbic-

ay c

npeflbijiymHM

3nw3oaoM.

FIpH ocymecTaneHMH naHopaMM ruiomaan

Haao

MMerb

B

BHay,

HTO

HC-

nojib30BaHHe KopoTKOcpoKycHOfi onTMKH

C03aaeT

scjxpeicr yBejiMHeHMfl

ruio-

maaw

—

njiomaab

KaxeTCH 3HawHTejibHO 6ojibiue

no pa3Mepy,

HCM

Ha

caMOM

aeae.

He

Bee ruiomaan «Bbiaep>KHBaioT» cbeMKy craTHMHbiM

O6IUMM

rulaHOM.

J\jin

npwMepa paccMOTpHM nocjiejjoBaTejibHo

TPH

njiomaaM:

KpacHyio

nJiomaab

B

MOCKBC,

JlBOpiiOByio ruiomaab

B

CaHKT-IieTep6ypre H

Co6op-

Hyio

njiomaab B MOCKOBCKOM

KpeMJie.

KpacHan

luioiua/u-

(MocKea)

CieMOK Ha KpacHOH njiomaan npoxaaHT oweHb

MHOTO.

A

HaM HHKOI--

aa He HaaoeaaeT

jnoGoBaTbca

ee

HenoBTopHMbiM

aHcaM6jieM.

CyiuecrByeT

6ojibiuoe KOJiHnecTBO

(})OTO-

H KHHOKOMno3HUHH rjiaBHOH naomaaH

cTpa-

Hbi.

rijiowaab

MOKHO

cHHMaTb noMTH

co Bcex

HanpaaneHHH.

1.

HanpaaneHwe

B

dopoHy

MaB3oaea.

ToMKa Meacay KpeMaeBCKofi

CTeHOM

H

McTopHHecKHM

My3eeM. Ha

(poHe 6yayr CnaccKaa

6am-

HH

M

co6op

BacHJiHH

EaaxeHHoro.

2.

OT

ueHTpajibHoro

Bxoaa B

HCTOPHHCCKHH

My3eH.

C

3roro

HanpaB-

jieHHA xopoiuo cHMMaTb paHHHM

yTpoM,

Koraa naomaab

nycTbiH-

Ha, a

HanpaBaeHwe

coaHua —

KOHTPOBOC

Ha nepeaHeM

nJiaHe

npH

cteMKe

c

HHXHCH

TOHKH

6yaeT

KpynHaa

6pycwaTKa,

6jiHKy-

lomaa

B

Jiynax

coJiHua.

3.

Co

CTopoHbi CnaccKOM

6aujHH,

nowTM

OT

KpeMJieBCKofi

creHbi.

4.

Co

CTOPOHM

co6opa

BacmiHH

EaaweHHoro.

BepxHHe

TOIKH:

5.

C

KpbiiiJH ryMa

(yroa

yji.

kljibHHKH

H

KpacHOH

njiomaaH).

6. C

Kpbiuj

co6opa

BacHaHH

BjiaxeHHoro.

7.

Co

CnaccKOM

6auiHM.

PeflKO KaKaa njiomaab

MOHCCT

BbmepxaTb TaKoe MHoroo6pa3ne

Ha-

npaaneHHH

cieMKH.

K 3T0My Heo6xoanMO

/K>6aBMTb,

mo paanimHbie

no-

ro/iHbie yc^OBHH /jaiOTaonoaHHTejibHyio OKpacKy cbeMKaiw

STOH

njiomaaH-

3HMOH

MOpo3Ha« .abiMKa

co3aaeT

ao6aB04Hyio TOHajibHyio

nepcneKTHBy.

B

.abiMKe Mexay KpeMJieBCKOM

CTCHOH

M

co6opoM

BacHJiMa BaaxeHHoro

npocMaTpHBaeTca

3aMocKBopem>e.

TOT

xe 3(pcpeKT ycHaeHMH TOHajibHOM nepcneKTHBbi

noayqaeTCH,

ecaH

CHHMaTb

BO

BpeMH

ao>KHH.

KpoMe yBe^MMeHHH niy6MHHOCTH

H3o6pa)Ke-

HHH,

6^nKyK)iuaa

6pycsaTKa aacr aonoaHHTeabHbie KpacKM

xHBonHCHO-

CTH H

Bbipa3MTe^bHOCTH.

142

MTO

KacaeTca ecTecTBeHHoro ocBemeHHH

KpacHOH

n^oiuaan,

TO

OHa

He

H36e>Kajia ynacTH

Bcex

anomaaeft.

JlK»6an njiomaab

—

3aMKHyToe

npo-

CTpaHCTBO.

ripocTpaHCTBO Mo^ceT 6biTb o6paM^eHO 3aaHHHMH

c Tpex,

ne-

Tbipex,

nHTH H 6o^ee

CTOPOH,

co3aaBaa pa3^HMHbie KOHCpHrypauHH

n^o-

maaeH

B

n^aHe.

Co^Hue,

o^HaKO,

cjie^ya

no

cBoen

H3BCMHOH

jyre,

ocBe-

uxaeT,

KaK

npaBH^o,

^Hiub TpH

CTOPOHW

npaMoyrojibHHKa,

KaKOBbiM B

n^aHe

HB^HCTCH

KpacHan

n^omaab.

JleTOM

paHO

yrpoM co^Hue ocBemaeT CK0^b3amHM

CBCTOM

KpeMJieB-

CKyio

CTeHy,

MaB30^eH,

CnaccKyio

6aiuHK).

YTPO

—

MOMCHT

HaH6ojTbiiieH

Bbipa3MTejibHocra 3TOH

CTOPOHW

n^omaaH.

Hpn CbeMKe OT

MCTOpHHeCKO-

i

ro

My3en

OHa

ocBemeHa 3aaHe6oKOBbiM

CBCTOM. A

STO

caMbiM 3(p(peKTHbiH

! xapaiaep ocBemeHHH

HUH

cteMOK

apxHTeKTypu. TaKoe

HanpaaaeHMe cBeTa

<aHJiyMUJHM

o6pa30M

BbiHB^aeT o6ieM

H

(paKTypy

3iiaHMM.

3aTeM cojiHue

warn BnpaBO, 3a

Kpevuib.

CTeHa,

oSpaiueHHaa

K

n^omaaH,

nonaaaeT

B

JTeHb.

B

3TO

BpeMH

xopoiuo

BbiCBeMeHbi McTopHMecKMH My3eft

H

rYM.

Co-

j

6op

BacMJiHH

B^axeHHoro

BCIO

nepByio noaoBHHy ana HaxoaHTcn

B

TCHH.

j JlHiiib noane

14-15

nacoB

OH

nojiyqaeT 6oKOBoe

ocBemeHHe.

TaKofi nozipo6HbiH aHa^H3 ocBemeHHH

n^omaan

noHaao6n^cH ma

|Toro,

4To6bi

noKa3aTb,

KaK

C^OXHO

CHJiTb anomaab

BCIO UCJIHKOM npH

[CO^HeMHOM

OCBeiiieHHM.

npw jipaMaTyprHHecKOM 3aaaqe

—

cHJiTb njiomaab

MaxopHo,

paaocTHO

4bi,

ecrecTBeHHO,

npeanoMTeM cojiHewHoe

ocBeuieHHe.

3Ha4MT,

HaM

Heo6-

KOJJHMO

6y>neT

3apaHee ocMOTpeTb MecTO

M o6i>eKTbi

CWMKH

H

onpe/iejiMTb,

KaKMe wacbi KaKaa qacTb ruioiuaaH ocBemeHa HaH6ojiee

Bbipa3HTe/ibHo.

KpacHaa njiomaab BejiHKOJienHO

CMOTPHTCS

B

jno6yio

norojay.

npn

tacMypHOH noroae Bee o6i>eKTbi nojiynaioT

paBHoe

ocBemeHHe

(CBCT

He6a).

in cteMKH

naHopaM

STO

yao6HO.

Ho,

pa3yMeeTca,

BnenaTaeHHe

OT

njio-

iaaH

6yaeT HHoe,

MeM npn coaHeMHOM

ocBemeHHH.

KpacHaa njiomaab

laro/japH cBoeMy 6oraTOMy CHJiysTy

npeKpacHO

BbiraaaHT

H

BewepoM,

Ha

[>OHe 3aKaTHoro

He6a.

A

BOT

HoqHbie cteMKH naomaaH npH noMomn HCKyccTBeHHoro

ocBe-

WHHH

npejicTaBjinioT 3HaMHTejibHbie

TpyaHOCTH.

ripoxeKTopa,

ycTaHOB-

CHHbie Ha Kpbiuie

TYMa,

POBHO

ocBemaioT

njiomaab —

aaa

raa3a

MX

ra

BnojiHe

aocTaTOMHo.

OaHaKo

una

KHHO-

MJIM

BHaeocteMKH

o6mero

naHa

njiomaaw HyxHo 6biao 6u o6ecneHMTb ycTaHOBKy ocBeTMTeabHbix

lpM6opoB o6men MomHOCTbio

B 500-1000

KBT.

JiuopnoiiaH iuioma/ib (CaHKT-IleTep6ypr)

OaHa M3 caMbix KpacMBbix njiomaaeii Hameft cTpaHbi

—

ZtBopuoBaa

lomaab

—

aoBoabHO cjioxHa

/JJIH

CICMOK.

OHa HMeeT He oneHb

MHoro

ianpaaieHMM

cteMKH.

Han6oaee HHTepecHaa TOMKa

—

H3-noa apKH

TaaB-

loro

iiiTa6a.

Kaap nojiyMaeTcn oMeHb

Bbipa3HTejibHbiM,

c

MCTKHM

nepe-

|HHM

njiaHOM,

HO

craTHHHbiH,

orpaHMMeHHWH

apKoii.

143

Pa3ZieJi

III.

CbeMKa apxMTeKrypHbix coopyweHHH

fopoa

3HaMeHHTbiH

Kaap B3HTHH

3nMHero

zmopua,

BnepBbie

CHHTHH

C.

SineH-

uiTeHHOM

H

3.

Tncce

B 1927 r. B

dwjibMe «OKTfl6pb»

H

noBTopeHHbin

B

1937 r.

B

c{)HJibMe

M.

PoMMa

«JleHMH

B

OKTa6pe» (onepaiop

B.

BojmeK),

Hcnojib3yeT

MMCHHO BopoTa apKH

T^aBHoro

ujTa6a.

Kaap

oneHb

scpdpeK-

TeH,

HO,

K

coKa^eHHK),

OH

BceH anomaaH He

noKa3MBaeT.

HUH

coMaHHH 6o;iee apKoro BneqaTJieHHH

H

nojiy

i

ieHHH omyweHHH

Macixrra6HOCTn npoHCxaofluiero pexnccep

C.

BonaapnyK

H

onepaTop

B.

IOCOB

B

dpwibMe «KpacHbie KOJioKo.na» (3nH30.a «B3HTne

3MMHero»)

Mcnojib3o-

Bajiw cieMKH

c

BepraneTa.

MMCHHO

TaKHM cnoco6oM

MM

yaajiocb

no.ny-

HMTb

O6IHHH

anaH ZlBopuoBOH onomaaH

c

TbicanaMH

juoaefi,

yMacTBOBaB-

UJHX

B

3nH3oae.

C ypoBHa

3eMJiH

MO>KHO

CHHMaTb TnaBHbiH

uiTa6,

HMea nepBbiM ruiaHOM

BocTOMHoe Kpbuio 3nMHero

ABopua.

.HBopuoBaa onouxaab oweHb xopoiuo

CMOTPHTCH

c

BepxHHX

TOMCK,

oco6eHHO

c

Hcno/ib30BaHHeM nepBonjiaHOBbix

dpnryp,

ycTaHOBJieHHbix Ha Kpbuiie

flBopua.

no ocBemeHHio nnomaab TaKxe

HaXOflHTCH

B

TpyAHOM

nOJKWKCHHH.

TojlbKO yTpOM

B

JieTHHe ZJ.HH C0J1HUC

nonanaeT Ha qbacazi

3HMHero

ABopua,

o6paweHHbiH

K

ruioiuaan.

JXaxe TaKoii reHHanbHbiM

3om»»,

KaK

PacrpejuiH,

npeKpacHo noHH-

MaBUJHH BaxHocTb

M

BbiHrpbiiuHOCTb npaBn;ibHoro pacno/ioaceHHa

3/iaHMH

no

OTHOiueHHK)

K

coflHuy,

HHwero He Mor

3aecb

aacnaTb.

HanpaB;ieHMe

Ha6epexH0H /iHKTOBaao

eMy TaKoe

nonoxeHHe

iiBopua,

HTO

/iymue

Bbic-

BeHHBa^ca co^HueM TonbKO

qbacaji,

o6pameHHbiH

K HeBe.

3aTO DTaBHbiii

uiTa6

ocBemeH npeKpacHo

B

TeqeHMe

Bcero

AHH.

B

nacMypHyio

noroay,

Koriia 3Kcno3HixHH BCKxay

paBHa,

.HBopuoByio

anomaub xopouio CHHMaTb

naHopaMOH,

H6O

3AaHHH

paBHOBbicoKM.

OneHb xopouiee ocBeiueHMe npwMeHHTe/ibHO

K

3/iaHHHM

J^BopuoBoii

n/iomaan

.aaeT

COJIHCMHUM

CBCT

cKB03b o6jiaKa («co;iHue

B

MOJIOKC»).

3TO

MflrKoe,

HanpaBneHHoe ocBeuxeHHe

xopoiuo

BbiHBJineT

o6i>eMbi,

oco6eH-

HO

pejibeqobi,

He aaeT niy6oKHx

TeHen.

TaKofi

CBCT

npe.anoMTHTe.neH &J\H

HOKHUX

TOHOB

(6ejio-3ejieHO-ro.ny6bix

y

3nMHero ABopua

H

xe;iTO-6e/ibix

y

DiaBHoro uiTa6a)

M

BOo6we

w\n

apxnTeKTypw

CaHKT-fleTep6ypra.

Co6opHaa

iuioma/1,1.

(MOCKOBCKMJ4

KpeMJib)

3ra HeGojibuiaa ruiouxaab

co Bcex CTOPOH

0Kpy)KeHa

cooopaMH.

C

lora

—

ApxaHrejibCKHM

co6op, c ceBepa —

YcneHCKMH,

c

BocTOKa

—

3BOHHHua

H

KonoKo^bHH MBaHa

BejiHKoro,

c 3anaaa —

TpaHOBHTaa

na^aTa,

npii-

MbiKaiomaH

K

BojibiuoMy KpeMJieBCKOMy

nBopuy,

H

Mexcay TpaHOBHToii

najiaToti

H

ApxanrenbCKHM

co6opoM —

E;iaroBeiueHCKHii

co6op.

rijioumnb

BblJlOXeHa 6oj1blXIHMH njlOCKHMH KaMHHMH

—

RrtHTaMH.

ECJ1H

BCTaTb

IKl

cepe^HHe

ruiouxaan,

TO

cacnaTb KpyroByio

naHopaMy

HCBO3MO>KHO

—

cnw\u-

KOM

Mana

n^omaiib

H

BCJIHKH,

MaccHBHbi OKpyxaioiuMe

ee

co6opbi.

OflHa-

KO

eCTb

MHO^eCTBO CTaTHMHblX

OiaHOB,

OWeHb

Bbipa3HTe^bHbIX,

B

KaxcfloM

144

flu-

,lli

tf\

1 'ir>&&

Puc.

73

H3

KOTopbix

npncyTCTByioT oaHH-jiBa

co6opa

(pHC.

73).

ECJIH

nbiTaTbca CHHTb

naHopaMy

CO6OPHOH

n^ouiaan,

Hcnojib3ya uiHpoKoyrojibHbiH

O6T.CKTHB,

TO

BO

BpeMa naHopaMnpoBaHMH 6yiiyT Ha6^iojiaTbca 3HaMHTejibHbie

onTH-

wecKne

HCKa^ceHHa.

BepxHaa

TosKa

(co

3BOHHHUbi) no3BOJiaeT CHHTb aoBo^bHo

O6UIHH

iwaH.

ripn no^o>KeHHH co^Hua Ha

lore

Kyno^a ApxaHre^bCKoro

co6opa

OT6pacbiBaioT neTKyio TeHb

Ha

KaMHH

n^ouiaan.

TaKHM o6pa30M, ApxaH-

re^bCKHH

co6op

npncyTCTByeT

B

Kaape

— B

BH,ae CBoeti

TCHH.

CnpaBa B

K&ape

—

YcneHCKHH co6op, B Bepxy

Kaapa

—

TpaHOBHTaa

najiaTa.

OTCIO-

na,

c

BepxHen

TOMKH,

MO>KHO

caejiaTb

H naHopaMy,

HanaB

ee,

HanpHMep,

c

BjraroBeujeHCKoro

co6opa. C

noMombio uinpoKoyro^bHoro o6i>eKTHBa

MO)KHO

CHHTb

KOJlOKOJIbHK) MBaHa Be^HKOrO

CO CTOpOHbl

TpaHOBHTOH

nanaTbi.

KcTaTH,

STOT

Kaap

HanaeTCH KaK 6bi

xpecTOMaTMHHWM,

oneHb

HaMHAHMM

H

noyMHTejibHbiM iuiH cbeMOK pa3nH4Hbix

6aujeH.

OieBa

B

Kaa-

pe —

yro^

TpaHOBHTOH

najiaTbi,

cnpaBa —

yroji ApxaHre^bCKoro

co6opa.

Me>icay

HHMH

—

KO^oKO^bHH.

B

cojiHeHHyio noroiiy co6opu ocBemeHbi oweHb

3(p(J)eKTHO.

Xopoujo

(popMHpyioTCH

o6T>eMbi,

MeTKO ae^H Ha

CBCT

H

TCHH

6apa6aHbi

Kyno^oB,

OT^HHHO

4HTaeTca

pycTOBKa

TpaHOBHTOM

nanaTbi.

To^bKO ceBepHaa creHa

ApxaHre^bCKoro

co6opa

HHKoma He

BHAHT

cojiHua.

Ho ero

3anaiiHaH

CTe-

Ha B

no^aeHb OCBeUieHa CK0^b3HUXHM pMCyKJUXHM

CBCTOM H MOXeT 6bITb

CHHTa o4eHb

Bbipa3HTe^bHo.

B

j\K>6yK>

noroiiy

3Ta

n^ouxaab

Bbir^niiHT

>KH-

BonncHO.

B^aronapa

Hpe3BbmaHHO HHTepecHbiM cnaysTaM

MOXHO

CHH-

MaTb co6opbi

H

Ha dpoHe BeMepHero

He6a.

ripHMepbi,

KOTopue 3aecb npHBeaeHbi npHMeHHTe^bHo

K

weTbipeM

tinouxaaaM,

HH B

Koett

Mepe

He npeTeHiiyioT Ha

KaHOHHSHocTb.

Ue^b

npn-

MepOB —

nOKa3aTb TpyflHOCTb

flaHHOH

pa60TbI H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb

TBOp-

MecKHX

pa6oTHHKOB,

6epyuiHXCH

3a oTpaxeHHe

STOH

TCMH.

ECTCCTBCHHO,

145

10-5413

Pa3j!ie/i

III.

CbeMKa apxnxeKxypHbix coopyxeHHH

fopofl

WZ:.

mm

'Mm

vNSsSBm

- r

*"*

\

*'•

I

^ "

:

25

^>-

LcS

'

•>/

'1

Ji

^W

itflS

HopMajibHaa onxHKa

KopoxKoqboKycHaa onxHKa

BepxHflfl xoMKa CbeMKH

HM>KHfla XOMKa

CbeMKH

Puc. 74

MXO

Ka>icabiH pexMccep

H onepaxop

nocxoHHHo 6yayx HCKaxb HOBbie

Bbipa-

3Mxe^bHbie

Kaapu,

Hcnarib3ya

Becb

6oraxbin

apceHa^

KHHeMaxorpacpn-

MeCKHX M Xe.neBH3HOHHbIX

CpCttCXB.

YiEKBjBk

ripw cteMKe juoboro

npocneKxa,

;IIO6OH

y^HUbi

MH

Bceraa nonynaeu

aocxaxoMHo apKo BbipaxeHHyio jiHHenHyio

nepcneKXHBy.

Hauia 3aaa4a

co-

CXOHX

^HUJb

B

XOM,

wxo6bi npH noMOiun onepaxopcKHX

npneMOB,

OCHO-

BbiBaacb

Ha

cioxexHO-XBopMecKHX ycxaHOBKax

qbHJibMa,

3nH3oaa,

ycMJiHXb,

na/mepKHyxb

M^H,

Hao6opox,

cMarnHXb sxy

nepcneKXHBy,

noanepKHBaa

pa3HOMaciuxa6Hocxb pa3HoyjiajieHHbix

coopy>KeHHH.

JUiHHHoqboKycHaa

on-

XHKa,

HanpMMep,

crviaxHBaex Bnewax/ieHHe

pa3Hoy,aaaeHHOCXH,

CMarnaex

nepcneKXHBy

(puc.

74).

TaK

KaK Mbi HMeeiw nsno

c

OTIOCKHM

sKpaHOM,

xo

co3aaHHe

KJI/IIO3MM

npocxpaHcxBa,

B03ayujH0cxH

—

onHa H3 nepBeftiuMx

3aaan.

riosxoMy oseHb

Hearcoxo,

ec/iH ^MHeMHyio nepcneicrHBy aonoJiHKex nepcneKXHBa

xoHanb-

Haa.

ToHajibHaa

nepcneKXHBa

(cMarweHHe

XOHOB

no Mepe

yuajieHHa

ox

KaMepbi)

B03HHKaex,

Koraa B03ayiiiHaH cp&aa 3ano/iHeHa

/IH6O

Kanc/ibKa-

146

MH

aojKflfl,

xyMaHa,

;IH6O

MejibManujHMH xBepabiMM nacxHuaMH —

/U>IM,

awMKa,

CHer.

ripn

3XOM

o6i>eKXbi,

Haxojoaiuneca

Ha

BXOPOM

H xpexbeM

njiaHax

(a

3HaMHX,

3a

6o/iee njioxHOH nejieHon

aoacaa,

CHera,

iibiMa),

pa3MbiBaioxcfl,

pacxyiueBbiBaioxca

B

6ojibiiieH

cxeneHH.

IjBex

cxpoeHHii

xaioKe cxaHOBHXca

nacxenbHbiM,

«pa36ejieHHbiM».

Bee

SXH

(paicropbi

co-

3iiaiox aonojiHHxejibHyio

Bbipa3Hxe;ibH0cxb,

ycnjiMBarox stpqbeKx rviy6HHbi

H3o6paxeHHa.

Jinn

3XHX

uenen

onepaxopaMH

Macxo npHMeHHioxca

xyMaH-

Hbie

(pHJibxpu,

cexKH,

HCKyccxBeHHo 3aflbiMJiaexca

cpena.

HaxypHoe

ocBemeHHe qbopMHpyexca

CBexoM

coriHua

H CBexoM He6a.

KaK

npaBHJio,

cojiHue ocBemaex Jinuib onHy

cxopoHy

yjinuu.

Zlpyraa

exo-

poHa

yjiHUbi

B

3xo BpeMH noflCBeweHa .nMUib

CBCXOM

He6a. Ox

HPKOCXH

He6a, ox

KOJinnecxBa Ha HeM o6jiaKOB 6yaex 3aBHcexb ocBemeHHoexb sxofi

xeHeBOH cxopoHbi

yjiHUbi, a

cne.aoBaxe.nbHo,

apKocxHaa xapaKxepncxnKa

o6x>eKxa (yjiHUbi)

B

UCIOM.

HaM

*e;iaxejibHO,

HXO6H

KOHxpacx

Meacay

caMWM

HPKHM

3iiaHHeM

H caMOH ray6oKOH

xeHbK)

He

6t>\n MepecMyp

Be-

/IHK,

qxoGbi

OH

«yicnaflbiBajica»

B

qboxorpadpHMecKyio mnpoxy

MaxpHUbi.

B

nrpoBbix cpHJibMax npn

MH3aHcueHax,

BionoHaioiuHx

B

ce6a

M

xeHe-

Byio

cxopoHy

ynnuu,

HMCHHO

ee

HaM npHxoaHxca noncBenMBaxb

aneicr-

ponpn6opaMH

H^H

oxpaxaxejibHbiMH

noacBexaMH,

yMeHbiuaa xaKHM

06-

pa30M KOHxpacx

H3o6pa>KeHHH.

KaK

yxe

ynoMHHa^ocb,

caMoe

BbiHrpbiiu-

Hoe

pacno^oxeHHe cojiHua

npn

cteMKe

y/inu

B nepcneKXHBe —

3aaHe6oKOBoe

(pnc.

75).

ripn

3XOM

OX^H4HO

o6pHCOBbiBaioxca KOHxypu

cxpoeHHH,

sexKo pacnojiaraioxca

CBex H xeHH,

xopoiuo

«^ennxca»

o6i>eM

H

oxpa6axbiBaioxca aexajiH

H

(paicxypa

noBepxHocxeti.

B

pe/iKHX

c^yMa«x

Ha

oweHb

KpaxKoe

BpeMa conHue noaB^aexca Ha HeKoxopux

yjiHuax

XOMHO

Me>icay

flOMaMH,

ocBemaa

KOHXPOBUM

CBCXOM

o6e cxopoHbi

y^Huw

H npo-

CBeMHBaa B03flyuiHyK) cpeay

(pnc.

76a).

TaKoe

nojio>KeHHe co^Hua

co3iia-

ex

npeKpacHbie ycjioBHa win

cteMKH,

HO

SXO

6biBaex wpe3BbiMaHHO

peaKO.

npn

Ha^HMHH xopoujo npocpH^HpoBaHHbix

3aaHHH,

6anKOHOB,

Bbicxyna-

3aaHe6oKOBoe

no^oxeHHe

co^Hua

Puc. 75

147

10-

fopofl

I

1

§5 yjiHua ^

1 1

Jlo6oBoe ocBemeHHe

KoHTpoBoe

nojioxe-

HHe cariHua

Puc.

76

IOUIHX

nopTHKOB,

nojiyKOJioHH

M

apyrnx nejantvi

3aaHHH,

xopouio

CMOTPHTCH

(H

CHHMaeTca)

yjinua,

ocBeiueHHan Jio6oBbiM

COJIHUCM

(no

HanpaBjieHHio

CICMKH)

(pnc.

766). B

3TOM

cjiynae apKOCTHaa

H

UBeTOBaa

xapaKTepwcTHKH o6i>eKTa 6yayT co3flaBaTbc« TOJibKo ecrecTBeHHbiMH

UBe-

TOCOMeTaHMHMH

flOMOB,

MX

OKpaCOK H eCTCCTBCHHblX

TOHOB. TeHH,

yCH./lH-

BaioiuMe KOHTpacT

o6"beicTa,

noMTH

oTcyrcTByioT.

ripn cteMKe ynnubi

c

ziBHxeHMH Heo6xojiMMO daBHTb nepea

CO6OH

TOMHyio

3auaMy:

noseMy Mbi cHHMaeM

HMCHHO

C

iiBHJKeHHH,

4TO

MU

XO-

THM 3THM

CKa3aTb.

EcjlH yflHLia 3aCTpOeHa OOHHaKOBblMH H71H nOXO>KMMH

apyr

Ha

apyra

3/aaHHHMH,

TO

ripn npoe3,ae

STO

Ha^HMHe

3/ieMeHTOB

IIOBTO-

paeMOCTH MoxeT He no/jnepKHyTb

PHTM

3acrpoMKH,

a Hao6opoT,

co3aaTb

3(p(peKT H3BeCTH0H

MOHOTOHHOCTH.

CieMKy yjinubi

c

/iBHxeHHH

xopouio

HasMHaTb

co

craraHHoro,

Tina-

TejibHo 3aKOMnoHOBaHHoro

Kaapa.

3aTeM MauiHHa (oTKyaa BeaeTCH

cieM-

Ka) HanHHaeT njiaBHO

aBMraTbca,

H MU

nocjieaoBaTejibHO noKa3biBaeM

paa KOMno3HunoHHbix apxMTeiorypHbix

nocTpoeHHH,

3aBepuiaH npoe3ii

Han6ojiee xHBonwcHbiM cTaTHHHbiM

KaapoM.

ECJIH

He yaaeTCH ruiaBHO

cTpo-

Hyrb MauiHHy

c

Mecra

H

anaBHO

ee

ocraHOBHTb,

TO

MOXHO

caejiaTb

cbeM-

Ky

c

o6bHHoro npoe3aa

6e3

ocraHOBKH

MauiHHbi

Ha aKueHTHbix

njiaHax,

a

3aTeM cMOHTHpoBaTb

3TOT

npoe34

c

naHopaiwaMM

B

Hanaae

H

B

KOHue

npoe3iia,

CHHTHMH

CO

ujTaTHBa.

HaMajibHaH naHopaMa HannHaeTCH

co

cTaTHMHoro

Kaapa,

3aTeM

KaMe-

pa

naHopaMMpyeT

B

Ty CTopoHy, B

KOTopyio

CHHT

npoe3a

c MauiHHbi. (Ha-

npwMep,

cnpaBa

HaaeBo).

06a

3TH

Kaapa

zierKo CMOHTHpyioTCH

no

/jBHxe-

HHio.

KoHenHaa

naHopaMa,

CHHTaa

co

uiTaTHBa,

KaK 6w npoaojixaeT

npo-

e3fl

MauiMHbi,

T.e. KaMepa naHopaMMpyeT cnpaBa

HaaeBO

M

ocraHaanHBaeTCH

Ha

xopomo CKOMnoHOBaHHOM cTaTHMHOM

Kaape.

148

y^nuy,

3acTpoeHHyio oaHHaKOBMMH

aoMaMH,

He wvieiomyjo

CMMC-

JIOBblX HfleHHO-xyAOJKeCTBeHHblX

aKUCHTOB,

MOJKHO

CHHMaTb

C

HOBOJIbHO

6bicTporo

ABHxeHHa,

TaK KaK 3pHTejno He3aMeM ocTaHaBJiHBaTb B3rnna

Ha

Ka)icaoM

flOMe. Xopouio

CMOTPHTCH

yjuiua,

cHATaa

c

/JBHXCHHH

Mepe3

nepBon^aHOBbie

.aepeBbH,

HanpwMep,

npoe3/j Bao^b 6y;ibBapa

co

cieM-

KOH

nepe3 aepeBbH npoTHBonojioxHOH

CTOPOHW

yjwubi.

B

3aBHCHM0CTH

OT

nojioxeHHa coaHua

MOXHO

no/iy4HTb paanHHHbie

BapHaHTbi ocBemeHHa

H,

cjie/jOBaTejibHO,

pa3Hoe

BneHaTjieHne:

•

QwiHue

—

jio6oBoe,

no

HanpaRneHHio

cteMKH.

0/jHHaKOBO

HPKO

ocBeiueHbi

H

aepeBbH, H aoMa 3a

HHMH.

•

CoaHue

—

6OKOBOC

AepeBbfl ocBeiueHbi

o6i>eMHo.

HeKOTopue H3

HHX — B TeHH.

,H,OMa Bbipa3HTenbH0 OCBemeHbl

CKO^b3fllUHM,

pH-

CyiOlUHM

CBeTOM.

•

«KoHTpoBoe» no^oxeHHe conmia aacT HaM apKHe

npocBenHBaio-

mne jiwcTbH Ha nepe^HeM

n^aHe

H

npHTeMHeHHbie

«3auiTpHxo-

BaHHbie» noMa

— Ha

BTOPOM.

Oco6eHHo XHBonnceH TaKOH

Kaap

oceHbio,

Koriia

Ha nepBOM

naaHe MejibKaiOT 3oaoTbie

H

6arp«Hbie

^HCTbM.

npHBeay Tpn npHMepa cieMKH

c

iiBH^eHHa.

ABCTpa^HHCKHii

KHHOonepaTop,

BnepBbie

nonaB B MocKBy,

peuinn

noji-

PO6HO

noKa3aTb

ee

CBOHM

cooTeHecTBeHHMKaM.

Hawaji cieMKy

OH C

JleHHHC-

Koro

npocneicra.

IlocTaBH^

KaMepy Ha

uiTaTHB

B

OTKPUTOH

MauiHHe,

BKJHO-

HH^

MOTOP

M,

cHHMaa

no

npHHuwny:

«MTO

BMxy

— TO

noio»,

jiBHHy^ca

K

ueHTpy

ropoiia.

McmnoHaH ocTaHOBKH MauiHHbi

H

nepe3apaaKH

KaMepu,

OH

CHHJI

10—15

MHH

MaTepwana—y^HUbi

c

HBHxeHnn.

CHHJI,

He OTCMOTpeB

3apa-

Hee

o6T>eicr

CT>CMOK,

He Bbi6paB HyxHbie HHTepecHbie

Mecra...

CHH^

6e3ayM-

HO,

He

TBOpSeCKM.

HO 3aT0

6bICTpO.

no (J)wibMy

«CO^HPHC»

pexHccepy

A. TapKOBCKOMy

H

onepaTopy B.

KDcoBy

Heo6xoflHMO 6bino cHHTb

y^Huw

coBpeMeHHoro,

neperpyxeHHoro iiBHxeHHeM

orpoMHoro

ropoaa jv\n

CTO^KHOBCHHH

no

KOHTpacry

3TMX

KaapoB c

KaapaMH

HaHJuiHwecKOM yeaHHeHHOH XH3HH

BaepeBHe.

KaMepa

Taicxe 6bwa nocTaaneHa

Ha urraraB

B

oTKpbiToti MauiHHe (crbeMKM npoBaannncb

B

TOKHO).

MaiiJHHa

noM-

na^acb

B

o6meM

noTOKe no

3aaaHHOMy efi

Mapuipyry,

KOHeqHO,

3apaHee

BH6-

paHHOMy,

noiiMHHflHCb npaBanaM

aBHxeHHH,

ocTaHaanHBaacb

y

cBeTO(popoB,

noBopaiMBaa Ha

nepexpecTKax..,

HO

CbeMKa Be^acb

co

cxopocTbio

4-8

K/C.

3cp-

(peKT 6bui

nopa3HTejibHbiH.

Ha

MyaoBHiuHOH

CKOPOCTH

MauiHHa Hecnacb aao^b

He6ocKpe6oB,

B3JieTajia Ha

scraKaabi,

6euieHo o6roHjma apyrwe

MauiHHbi, BHe-

3anH0,

6yflTO HaTKHyBuiHCb

Ha creHy,

ocTaHaBJiMBanacb

nepea MopeM

MHraio-

uiMx KpacHbix oroHbKOB

MauiMH,

xcayiUHx 3eaeHoro cHmana

CBeTO(popa...

IIOTOM

c peBOM Hbipajia B

MepuatouiHH

CBCT

TOHHCJIH,

BbicKaKMBajia H3

Hero,

Hecnacb

fla^biue...

ripHMepHO neTbipe MHHyTbi 3Toro

3axBaTbiBaiouiero,

TO^OBO-

KpyxHTe^bHoro npoema

(He

Haao 3a6biBaTb

npo

ujyMbi

H

My3biKy)

H

—

Bapyr

THXHH

aepeBeHCKHH

npya...

3TO

HacToaiuee aaoxHOBeHHoe

TBop^ecTBo.

149

Pa3.aeji

III.

CieMKa apxHTeicrypHbix

coopyxeHHH

Eme

npHMep.

no cpHJibMy «nepeKpecTOK» (1970-e

roabi,

UT) aBTopaM

HyxHO SbiJio noKa3aTb CTapuH

Ap6aT

KaK oany H3

ynnu,

aiMBaioiUHXca

B

Ap6aTCKyio onomaab

(nepeKpecTOK).

ABTOPH

peuiHJiH noKa3aTb

Ap6aT

c npo-

t3jxa nofl necHio EyjiaTa OKyaxaBbi

«Ax, Ap6aT,

MOH

Ap6aT».

BHanane

pexnc-

cep

c

onepaTopoM

HeTopoonHBo npouuiH

no

Ap6aiy,

HaMeTmin

aoMa,

Ha

KOTopue cjieayei oSpaTHTb

BHHMaHHe.

CieMKa BbinojiHHJiacb

c^eayiomHM

06-

pa30M.

Bbijia npocjiyiuaHa

M

OTxpoHOMeTpHpoBaHa

necHH.

BUJI

caejiaH

xpoHO-

MeTpHpoBaHHbiK npoesfl

6e3

cieMKH

no

Ap6aTy

M

onpeaeJieHa xuwTeJibHOCTb

npoe3.aa n

ero

CKopocTb.

3aTeM Hanajiacb

cieMKa.

OnepaTop

H

accncreHT

one-

paTopa

cnaejiH Ha cnHHKe cnneHbH

OTKPMTOH

MaujHHbi

«3MJI-110».

C3aaH

uuia BTopaa MauiHHa

OPYH—TAW,

nepe3AHHaMHK KOTopon 3Bynana

necHH

B.

OicyflxaBbi.

CbeMKa

Hana^acb

co

CMOJICHCKOH

ruioiuaan,

OT

BbicoTHoro 3naHHfl

MHHa.

MaiuHHbi Biexann Ha

Ap6aT H,

noannHHacb pHTMy

necHH,

crann

HeTopoonn-

BO

jiBHraTbCH

no

oceBOH

JIHHHH.

TaK

KaK

KaMepa

6bina

He Ha

iiJTaTHBe,

a B

pyKax onepaTopa, OH

Mor

CBO6OAHO

naHopaMHpoBaTb eio

BnpaBO

H

BJICBO,

noiiHHMaTb

BBepx

H

onycKaTb

BHH3,

Bbi6npafl He TOJibKO

Te

Kaapu,

KOTopue

6biJiH

3apaHee

oroBopeHbi

c

pexnccepoM,

HO

M

HMnpoBH3Hpy».

ACCHCTCHT

onepaTopa

CJICOHJI

3a

AHacpparMOH,

TaK KaK oxiHa

CTopoHa

y/inubi

6buia

ocBe-

meHa,

npyraa HaxoflMJiacb

B

TCHH.

KpoMe

Toro,

npw Bbie3ae Ha oTKpbiTyio

Ap6aTCKyio ruiomaab 3HaneHHe anacpparMbi TaioKe

MeHHJiocb.

Bbuio cue/iaHo

Bcero

ABa

ny6jin,

XOTH

npoe3fl

6WJI

aocTaTOHHo

cjioxeH.

Haao

cKa3aTb,

HTO

MOCKBHHH,

CTaBUJHe CBHaeTCJIflMH

H

yHaCTHHKaMH 3TOH

CteMKH,

TeMH

CaMbl-

MH

neujexoaaMH H3

necHH,

Bcnn ce6a yzuiBHTejibHO

edecTBeHHO.

H3aaneKa

ycjiwujaB

necHio

H

yBHneB,

HTO

naer

CbeMKa,

OHH

npw

no;n>e3,ae MauiHHbi

6jiHxe

K

HHM

npoaojixann 3aHHMaTbca

CBOHMH

aejiaMH,

M

onaceHHH

aBTO-

poB,

HTO

B3i7iRHbi

B

KaMepy,

Ha30HJiMBoe xejiaHMe

nonacTb B Kaap

wcnopTHT

fly6jiH, He

onpaBaajiHCb.

06a

fly6/ia

6MJIH

yaaHHbiMH.

MeiuieHHbiH npoe3Ji

no

Ap6aTy

noflCKa3biBanc$i TenjioTOH

M

yiOTHOCTbio

STOH

yjinubi,

a

Taicxe

PMT-

MOM

necHH.

He

cnynaHHO

Ap6aT

ceroflHH 3aKpbiT una

TpaHcnopTa. OH

npe,a-

Ha3HaseH mibKo ju\n nporyjioK neiuKOM

H,

cjieaoBaTejibHO,

HeToporuiHBoro

o6o3peHH«.

TaKwe

xe

rpaaocTpoHTcnbHbie

mcneBpM,

KaK

HCBCKHH

npocneKT,

B006me

C

flBHXeHHH CHHMaTb HyXHO

OHeHb

OCTOpOXHO.

3fleCb CTOflbKO

BbiflaK>uiHxcH npoH3BejieHHH

apxMTeKTypbi,

HTO

y

Kaxaoro

XOHCTCH

ocTa-

HOBMTbca

H

aonro pacciwaTpHBaTb

ero.

HeBCKHH

npocneKT

3aanyxnBaeT

ucnoro

cpHjibMa,

a He

oflHoro

npoe3,aa.

Pa3BHBaa Mbicjib

o

TOM, HTO,

HBHraacb

no

yjiMuaM,

MU

pcaKO

o6pa-

maeM

B3op

Bbiuie

nepBoro, «Mara3HHHoro

3Taxa»,

MOXHO

caejiaTb

BW-

BOfl,

HTO

y KMHeMaTOrpaCpMCTOB H

pa60THHK0B

Te^eBHfleHHH HMeeTCH

ujnpoKHM

npocTop

HJIH

BTopMHHoro OTKpbiTHH

KpacoT

poaHoro

ropoaa.

3TO

BepxHwe

3Taxw,

Ka3anocb

6bi,

aaBHO 3HaKOMbix

3aaHHH,

noanac

yKpa-

ujeHHbie Be/iMKonenHOH M03aHK0H

M

CKy^bnTypon.

3TO

yBnaeHHbie

c Heo-

150

Topofl

6biHHbix ToneK npHBbiHHbie npHMe^bKaBuiHecH

OCO6HAHKH.

3TO

KOHTpacT-

Hbie conocTaaneHHH

CTaporo

H

HOBoro.

3TO

CTapbie

y^oHKH,

CHHTMC

c

BepXHHX

TOHeK

HeflaBHO nOHBHBUiHXCH BblCOTHblX

flOMOB

w

T.O..

3^aHMe

Koraa Mbi

XOTHM

xopooio

paccMOTpeTb

JIHUO

ne^OBeKa,

MU

cTapaeMCH

yBMjieTb

ero

H

B

4>ac,

M

B

npodpMJib,

M

B

Tpn

neTBepTH.

TOHHO

TaK

xe

w

3.uaHMe

Tpe6yeT

npHCTajibHoro paccMaTpHBaHHH

co

Bcex

CTOPOH.

ripaBH^b-

HbiH noKa3

apxHTeKTypHoro

o6i>eKTa

noMoraeT

3pHTe^io BepHO noHHTb

3aMbiceji

apxMTeicropa,

CTaBMT TOHHbie aKueHTbi Ha HaM6o^iee

BaxHbix,

yr^oBbix aeTa/iHX KOMno3MUHH

coopyxeHMH.

HaM

Heo6xoflMMO Bbi6opoM

TOHKM

cieMKH,

BpeMeHeM cteMKH noAHepKHyrb HaH6o^ee

Bbipa3HTejlb-

Hbie

a^eMeHTbi

jaaHHa:

KOJioHHaay,

dppoHTOH,

pe^becpbi,

dppH3

M

T.R.

B

Kaa-

pe,

HecymeM onpefle^eHHoe

(BO

BpeMeHM)

KOAHHCCTBO

HHcpopMau.nn,

CHMMeTpHHHoe coopyxeHHe

BOcnpnHHMaeTca 6bicTpee

H

^erne.

C^eaoBa-

TejibHO,

Tpe6yeT

MeHbiue BpeMeHH aj\n

BocnpHHTHH.

AcHMMeTpHHHaa CTpyKiypa BOcnpHHHMaeTCH

Me^neHHee,

TaK KaK

He-

ceT B ce6e

6o^buie

HHcpopMauHH,

3HanHT,

Kaap

aojixeH 6biTb iuiHHHee

no

BpeMeHH.

ECAH PHTM

B

apXHTCKTypHOM

COOpyXeHHH

BbipaXeH JlOCTaTOHHO

npKo,

a

ncHxo^orHHecKoe B03aeHCTBHe pnTMa

Ha

ne^oBeKa Hpe3BbiHaHHO

CH^bHO,

HeT Heo6xoaHMOCTH ycH^HBaTb

HAH

noflHepKHBaTb

ero

npn

no-

MOIUH

cneunanbHbix npneMOB

cieMOK.

HanpnMep,

nepea HaMM KOAOHHaaa

(H3

noAyKOJTOHH) TocTHHoro aBopa

B

CaHKT-rieTep6ypre

HJIH

OAHa H3

CTOPOH

(He

cpacaaHaa)

MaHexa B

MocKBe.

3pHTeAb,

paCCMaTpHBaiOLUHM 3TH 3iiaHHH

B

XH3HH,

CaM

OnpefleJlHeT,

CKO^bKO

BpeMeHH

noTpaTHTb

Ha

3HaKOMCTBO

c

coopyxeHHeM.

rioKa3biBaa

STM

o6teKTbi

Ha

3KpaHe,

HMCHHO

MW

peuiaeM,

KaK orpaHHHHTb BpeMa

BoenpHHTHn.

3pHTejib

BoenpHHHMaeT o6T>eKT namuMu

Ma3aMH.

MezuieHHaa

naHopaMa (B

HaiueM

npHMepe)

MoxeT npHBecTH

K

HeKO-

Topofi

MOHOTOHHOCTH.

PIpaBHAbHO Bbi6paHHa«

CKopocTb

naHopaMbi

xopo-

UJO

noflnepKHBaeT

PHTM

3flaHH«,

a

ocTaHOBKa

naHopaMbi

—

CTaTHKa

—

TOHHO

OnpeiieAfleTCfl K0Mn03HUHeH «OCTaHOBKH

pHTMa». TaKHM o6pa30M,

3pnTeAb,

cnejiyH

3a

KaMepon,

ynHTca npaBHAbHO noHHMaTb

apxHTeKTypy.

npncTynaa

K

noKa3y

apxHTeKTypHoro

coopyxeHHH,

MM

npexae Bcero

OnpejieAfleM K0Mn03HUHI0

KaapOB,

3aTeM,

HCXOiXH

H3

KOMn03HUHOHHMX

peuieHHH,

BMHCHaeM,

Koraa

c

Haiunx

TOHCK

CICMKH

3aaHHe ocBeuieHo

HaHJiynuiHM

o6pa30M. HanpnMep,

HaM Heo6xoiiHMo

BCCTH

paccKa3

06 ap-

xHTeKType 6ojibiuoro ziBopua KJiaccHnecKoro

THna.

flBopeu

HMeeT cpacaa

c

cppoHTOHOM

H

KOAOHHaaoH,

CHMMeTpHHHMe nepexoAM

cnpaBa

H

aaeBa M

BbiciynaiouxHe Bnepea Kpbuib«

3.aaHHH-cpj]Hrejifl

(Tnn

OcTaHKHHCKoroflBop-

ua).

OneBHjiHo,

HaM npnaeTCH noKa3aTb

O6LUHH

n^aH

.aBopua TaKHM

o6pa-

30M,

HTO6M

HCHO

HHTa^acb

CHMMeTpHfl

3AaHHH.

3H8HHT,

STO

6yaeT

151

Pa3aen

III.

CteMica apxHTeKTypHbix coopyxeHHH

Topofl

4>poHTajibHaH TOHKa

cbeMKH.

ripw

3TOM

ec/m 3aaHMe cn/ibHO pacrHHyTO

no

ropH30HTajiM

H

no/iyqaeTCH HecKOJibKO yHbuiaH ropH30HTaJibHaa

KOMno-

3HU.HH,

BCe

paBHO

Mbl He MOMM 0TKa3aTbCa

OT

3TOH

TOqKH,

eCJIM (pHJlbM

HJIH

nepe/xaqa nocBHiueHbi HenocpeacTBeHHO

apxHTeKType.

HTo6bi yKpacHTb

Kaap,

aae/iaTb

ero

KOMno3HunoHHo 6ojiee

Bbipa3H-

Te^bHbiM,

c/ie/xyeT

Hcno/ib30BaTb nepBon^aHOBbie o6ieKTbi

H

/xeTa/iH,

He

3aicpbiBaioiune,

o/xHaKo,

OCHOBHOC

3/xaHHe.

3TO

Moryr 6biTb

BCTBH

/xepeBb-

eB,

peuieTKH

H

6ajiiocTpaabi,

orpaaw,

BO/xHbie

noBepxHoc™,

<poHTaHbi>,

KJiyM6bi

c

UBeTaMH

H

T.n.

OcMaTpMBaa

3/xaHne

H

Bbi6Hpaa

(ppoHTanbHyjo,

6oKOBbie

H

3aaHHe

TOMKH

CT^MKH

3flaHH«,

onpcaejifla Bee

yKpynHeHHH,

KOTopue Heo6xo/xHMo CHflTb

(KO/iOHHaay,

KanHTe/iH,

OKHa,

pejibeqbbi,

(ppoHTOH

H

T.fl.),

MH

oflHOBpeMeHHO OTMeqaeM zuia ce6a

BpeMH

Han/ryq-

uiero ocBemeHHH Toii

HJIH

HHOH

CTopoHbi

/iBopua.

06biqHO

OCMOTP

na-

MHTHHKa apxHTeKTypbi 3aHHMaeT

O/XHH

/xeHb.

MHoraa yaaeTCH ocMOTpeTb

ziBa-TpH

coopyxeHHH

M

cocTaBMTb «pacnHcaHHe» noaie/xyiowHX

cteMOK.

MMea Ha pyKax 3anncn

(no

qacaM)

Hamiyquiero

ocBemeHHH,

Mbi

MoxeM

oqeHb

npo/xyKTHBHo pa6oiaTb Kaxabin cbeMoqHbin

aeHb.

Ha

q-ro

xe/iaTejibHO

o6paTHTb

BHHMaHHe

BO

BpeMH cteMOK?

ripexne

Bcero,

He

yaneKaTbCH KopoTKO(poKycHOH

onTHKOH

npn ci>eMKe

c

60KOBHX ToneK

3;WHHH

B

ue/iOM.

3Ta onTHKa CH/ibno

HCKaxaeT

KOMHO-

3HUHK)

coopyxeHHH

H

/xaeT 3pnre^io

HeBepHoe

npe/xcTaaneHHe

o

HeM

(pnc.

77).

Bbi6paB

y/xaqHoe

ocBeweHHe

O/XHOH

H3

CTOPOH

3/xaHHH,

xe/ia-

TenbHO oTCHHTb Bee

o6mne,

cpe/XHne

H

KpynHbie

n/iaHbi

STOH

CTOPOHH,

qTo6bi

K

Hew

yxe

He

B03BpamaTbCH.

KaK

yxe

roBopn/iocb,

apxHTeicropbi mnpoKO nonb3yioTCH

H

nojib30-

BaJIHCb

B03MOXHOCTHMH eCTeCTBCHHOrO OCBeilieHHH JUIH (pOpMHpOBaHHH

o6teMOB

coopyxeHHH,

/XJIH

BbiHBJieHHH

pHTMa,

/xnn no/xqepKHBaHHH

06-

weft

KOMno3Hu.nn.

CBeTOTeHb

—

HaH/ryqiUHH

BH/X

cBeia

AIH

STHX

uejien.

npM cbeMKe (pacaaa 3mHna HaH6o/iee Bbipa3HTe/ibHbiM 6yaeT

6OKO-

Boe,

CKOJib3«mee HanpaB^eHne

ocBemeHHH.

ECJIH

cojiHue coBepuieHHO

oTKpbiTo,

ero

npaMbie ziyqn aaiOT npKne

6JIHKH

H

KJiaayT

r/iy6oKHe

TCHH.

Kor/xa co/iHue

CBCTHT

cKB03b

o6jiaKa,

ero

Jiyqn aa\oi

MHTKHH

njiacTHqHbin

pHcyHOK,

HanjiyquiHH

OJ\H

BbiHaneHHH

o6ieMOB.

Ilpn

pe3K0M

co/iHeqHOM

CBeTe TeHH HacTO/ibKO

r/iy6oKH,

qTo

/XTIH

UBeTonepe/xaqn

B

TCHHX

He

XBa-

TaeT 3Kcno3HUHOHHoro

CBeTa.

Mbi ycTaHaariHBaeM

3Kcno3HUHio,

ocHOBbi-

Baacb Ha ocBemeHHH

«B

CBeTax»,

ncxoaa

H3

«PKOCTH

KO^OHH,

CTCH,

Ha-

xoaflmMxcfl Ha

CBeTy.

A

o6T>eKTw,

(pparMeHTbi

M

aereuin

3aaHnn,

nonaaa-

iomHe

B

TeHb,

oKa3biBaioTCH

B

o6jiacTH Heao/iepxeK

H,

c/ie/xoBaTejibHO,

noflBepxeHbi

uBeTOHCKaxeHHio.

3TO

Hexe^aTe/ibHo,

TaK KaK HapyiuaeT

apxHTeKTypHWH

o6pa3,

co3aaHHbin

30jiqHM.

OTcioaa

cjieayeT,

qTO

coopy-

xeHHH, B xapaKTepHCTHKe

KOTOPWX

npncyTCTByeT

MHOTO

UBCTHUX

3/ie-

MeHTOB,

XeJiaTe/IbHO

CHHMaTb

npH MHTKOM COJIHeqHOM

ocBemeHHH,

T.e.

co^Hue

—

cKB03b o6jiaKa

(«B

MonoKe»).

152

HopManbHan onTHKa KopoTKO(})OKycHaH onTHKa

Puc.

77

06i>eKTbi MOHOxpoMHbie aonycKaioT cteMKy

B

pe3Kon

CBCTOTCHH

KaK

npH 60KOBOM

—

CK0Jlb3HmeM,

TaK

H npH

3aflHe60KOBOM

H

KOHTpOBOM

noaoxeHHH

cojiHua.

ripn

JIO6OBOM

nojioxeHHH co^Hua (co/iHue

CBCTHT

M3-3a

KaMepbi,

no

HanpaB^eHHio cbeMKH) Henjioxo nojiyqaiOTca

3aaHHH,

CTeHbi

KOTOPMX

xopoiuo

npo(pH^HpoBaHbi:

BbicTynaiomne

spKepbi,

6an-

KOHW,

no^yKO^OHHbi.

CoBpeMeHHbie 3oaqHe tunpoKO ncno^b3yioT

B

CTPOH-

Te^bCTBe

cTeicao.

rioaqac noqTH

BCH

cTeHa 3aaHHH

noKpbrra orpoMHbiMH

CTeioiHHHbiMH

n/iHTaMH,

pacqjieHeHHbiMH 6eTOHHbiMH

H^H

MeTajiJinqec-

KHMH

jiHHHHMM.

B

OTpaxaTe^bHbix

cnoco6HocTHX

CTeicna /UIH

H306pa3H-

Te^bHblX peilieHHH

KpOlOTCH

HeMaJIbie Bbipa3HTe^bHbie

B03M0XH0CTM.

PaccMOTpHM

TocyiiapcTBeHHbiH KpeMJieBCKHH

jiBopeu.

KaK

«Bnncan-

CH»

ZlBopeu

B

aHcaM6^b KpeM^eBCKHX

coopyxeHHH

—

Bonpoc

cnopHbiH

H

He HB^neTCH TeMOH Haiuero

o6cyxaeHHH.

Bno^He

BO3MOXHO,

qTo

M

Ka3a-

KOBCKHe

3/iaHHH,

nocTpoeHHbie

B

KpeMJie

B

XVIII

B.,

Toxe

Bbi3Bajin

cnopbi.

KpeM^eBCKMH ^Bopeu npn cteMKe oTKpbiBaeTcn nep&a HaMH

«c

Heoxn-

ixaHHOH

CTopoHbi*

6^arojiapH

6o^bUJHM cTeioiflHHbiM

BepTHKa^HM.

B

HHX

qy-

aecHO OTpaxaKJTCH ocBemeHHbie

COJIHUCM

3o^oTbie Kynojia

co6opoB.

npn

/jBHxeHHH KaMepbi

MHMO

CTeHbi

co3/iaeTCH KpacoqHan

naHopaMa

6erymnx

B

3epKajibHbix

OKHax co6opoB.

Boo6iue cteMKa

c

/XBHXCHHH

oqeHb

oxnanneT

creioiHHHbie CTeHbi apxHTeicrypHbix

coopyxeHHH

(c

oTpaxeHHeM

B HHX

He6a,

3iaaHHfl

H

j.a.).

HeMHorne npoH3Be/xeHHH

apxHTeKTypbi

«BbiaepxHBaioT»

cbeM-

Ky BeqepoM, Ha

canysTe.

K

HHM OTHOCHTCH,

npexae Bcero,

paannqHbie

6aui-

HH,

BbicoTHbie

aoMa,

roTHqecKHe

co6opbi,

uepKBH,

T.e.

3JiaHHH,

KOTopwe

HMeiOT Bbipa3HTe^bHbie

dpopMbi,

qeTKHe HHTepecHbie

a6pncbi.

Cenqac npHHHTo

B

npa3/j.HHqHbie

JXHH

BeqepoM

no/xcBeqHBaTb

HCKyc-

CTBeHHMM CBeTOM MHorne 3aaHHH

—

BbuaiouiMecH npoH3Be^eHHH

apxH-

TeKTypw.

OcBemeHHbie

npoxeKTopoM,

OHH

CMOTPHTCH

oqeHb

scpcpeKTHO.

0/j.HaKO

3Toro

CBCTOBOTO

noTOKa,

KaK

npaBH/io,

HeaocTaToqHO /xnn

cBe-

ToqyBCTBHTe^bHOCTH njieHKH

H

TeaeBH3H0HH0H

MaTpnubi.

McicnioqeHHe

cocraBJifliOT cBeT^o-cepue

saaHHa,

ocBemeHHbie cnjibHbiMH

npoxeKTO-

paMH

(MTY)

H

6e^bie 3aaHHH (BenbiH

AOM).

OHH xopoiuo

nojiyqaioTCH

npn cteMKe Ha qboHe HoqHoro

He6a.

153

Волынец М.М. Профессия: оператор. Учебное пособие для студентов ВУЗов

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.