Волынец М.М. Профессия: оператор. Учебное пособие для студентов ВУЗов
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Pa3fleji
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K naaaiomeMy
OTBCCHO
cBeTy,
6ojiee
ocBemeHbi,
qeM
noBepx-
HOCTH
BcpriiKajibHbie,
Ha
KOTopue
CBCT
He6a
na^aeT noji
ywoM.
•i3o6pa>KeHMe
Bcex
npeziMeTOB no^y'iaeTCH
TOHajibiibiM,
r.e.
nocTpoen-
•HblM TOJlbKO Ha UBeTOTOHaJIbHblX
KOHTpactax.
Bo3^yx
B
nacMypHyio
noroay HacwiueH BJiaroii
(TyiwaH,
Kane^bKH
aox-
iW).
B.naxiiaH
B03iiyuJHaa
cpeaa,
CMarqaa
H
KaK 6bi pacTyuieBbiBaa
ecre-
KrBeHHbie uBeTa
npezi.MeTOB,
oco6enno Ha aajibmix
iuianax,
ycH^imaeT
•JmymeHHe
r\ny6HHbi
npocTpaHCTBa.
BiwecTe
c
TeM Ha MOKpbix
noBepxHOC-
yax o6pa3yK)TCH
6;IHKM,
noMorawmne no:inee BbiHBHTbcpop.My
npe^MeTOB.
Ti
nacMypHyio
noro^y onepaTopu uinpoKO nojib3yK>TCH
BO3MOXHOCTHMM
SJieKTponoflCBeTKH.
BecTeHeBoe ocBemeHHe aanaeTca KaK 6bi
«rpyHTOM»,
ha
KOTOPOM onepaTop no
CBoeMy TBopnecKOMy 3aMbicny MoxeT «nHcaTb»
RBeTOM.
FIpHMeHeHHe 3JieKTponpH6opoB
c
uBeTOBofi TeMnepaTypoii
Hany-
peHHa
5500K
no3Bo^aeT co3aaTb 3(p(peKT co/iHeqHoro
CBeTa,
yBe^HqHTb
tBeTOBofi
KOHTpacT
o6T>eKTa,
BbicBeTHB oaHH
M
3aTeHHB
flpyrne
yqacTKH,
»no^oxHTb» CBeTOBbie
naTHa,
6;IMKH,
BbicBeTHTb
KOHTyp
npeaMeTOB H
T.O..
JlpH HaanqHH aaxe He6o^buuoro
no
MOIUHOCTH
HCToqHHKa
s^eKTpocBeTa
99
I
Pa3,ae;i
II. Pa6oTa onepaTopa co
CBCTOM
(aKKyMyjijrropHaa
.naMna,
qbapa
aBTOMo6HJia
M
np.),
pa3yMeeTca,
CKOM-
neHCHpOBaHHoro no
IIBCTOBOH
TeMnepaType
ao
5500K,
MOXCHO
noacBe-
THTb
JIHUO
qc/iOBeKa
Ha KpynHOM
njiaHe,
co3,aaB
caBa
omyraMyio
CBCTO-
TeHb
H
OXHBHB
[7ia3a
TepOfl
nOHBHBUJHMMCH
B HHX
6jIHKaMH.
B
ycnoBHax noBceziHeBHOH
xpoHMKa^bHOH
pa6oTbi
oqeHb
qacTO y one-
paTopa
Boo6me
HCT
HH
anHoro
aBTOHOMHoro
HCToqHHKa
3,/ieKTpocBeTa
njifi
HaTypHbix
cbeMOK.
Ho flaxe npH
OTcyTCTBHH
3JieicrpocBeTa
B
nacMyp-
Hyjo
noraay
MO>KHO
co3.oaTb
Ha
;iHue
6anee
o6ieMHoe
ocBemeHHe,
6JIH3-
Koe no
Bbipa3HTe;ibHOCTH
K
CBeTOTeHeBOMy.
Una 3Toro
Hcnojib3yiOTCfl
3a-
TeHHTe/IH
—
TeHTbl
(lUHTbl).
C
HX
HOMOlUblO
OflHy
qaCTb
^MUa
Mbl
KaK
6bl
norpyxaein
B
TeHb,
nepeKpbiBaa
CBCT
He6a.
KoHTpacT
Mexay
CBCT^OH
qa-
CTbio
;iHua,
ocBemeHHOH
He6oM,
H
TCHCBOH
CTOPOHOH
co3aaeT
ouryme-
Hne
CBeTOTeHeBoro
nopTpeTa.
OcBem;eHHOcn> o6i»eKTa
M
O.CMKH
B
yCJIOBMHX «pe^KMMa»
«Pe)KHMHoe»
BpeMH
—
3TO
30-40-MHHyTHbiH
nepnoa
noone 3axoaa
cojiHua.
CojiHue
3aui;io,
HO
He6o ewe
CBeTJioe,
H
cyMepKH
ewe
He
Hacry-
nnjin.
TeHH HaqHHaioT
crywaTbca,
nana
— TeMHee He6a.
Bee
npocrpaH-
CTBO
o6ieKTa,
ocBemeHHoe
MepKHywHM
He6oM,
mnbKo
HaMeqeHo,
He
npopa6oTaHo CBCTOM.
Banee
TOTO,
He6o c
Kaacaofi
MHH}TOH
craHOBHTca
TeMHee,
cjiexioBaTe;ibHO,
H
O6T>CKT
ocBewaeTca
Bee cna6ee
H
cna6ee.
CMblCH
peXMMHOH CT>eMKH
COCTOHT B TOM,
qTO,
BblCBeqHBafl
3JICKT-
pocBeTOM
JiHiia
repoeB
H
zipyrae
BaxHbie
s^eMeHTbi
CT>eM04Horo
o6teKTa,
onepaTop
ocraanaeT
TeHH
(B TOM
qncjie
H Ha
;iHuax)
HenoncBeqeHHbiMH.
A
TaK
KaK
TeHH
noacBeqHBaioTca
To/ibKo
MepKHywHM
CBCTOM He6a, TO
HHTeHCHBHOCTb noacBeTKH nocTOHHHo
yMeHbwaeTca.
SKcnoHOMeTpnqe-
CKH
HPKOCTH
K0Mn03HlIH0HHMX
3/ieMeHTOB
B
pOKHMHOM
o6"beKTe
(pHC.
59)
BbiraaaflT
npnMepHO
TaK (unqbpbi
ycjioBHbie):
flpKOCTb
/wiia
B
cBeTax
4
ilpKOCTb
He6a 2
i
^
F
'
yMeHbiuaioTca
OT
ay6.na
flpKOCTb
;iHLia
B
TeHHX
)
y\
K
TaKHM
o6pa30M,
;IHUO
B
CBeTax
B
^Ba
pa3a apqe He6a, a He6o
— B
AB3
pa3a apqe
nnua
B TeHax.
BajiaHC
cBeTa
H TCHH
Ha
jwue
— 4:1, T.e.
TeHb
rjiy6oKaa,
BeqepHaa.
npH
STOM
nocroaHHaa
apKocrb
—
To/ibKO
B
CBCT;IOM
qacTH JiHiia. flpKocTb
xe
TeHH
Ha
Jinue
H
apKocTb
He6a
nocroaHHO
yMeHb-
waiOTca.
TeMHeeT
H
Bee
npoerpaHCTBO
BOKpyr.
CbeMKa
B
ycnoBHax
pe>KH-
Ma
aaeT
oqeHb xopowne
pe3yjibTaTbi,
3HaqHTe;ibHO
o6orawaeT H3o6pa3H-
Te^bHyio najiHTpy
onepaTopa.
100
Pa6oTa onepaTopa co
CBCTOM B
naBH^bOHe
Puc.
59
«....PaHHHH
BeqepHHH
POKHM
—
npn
3axoae
co/miia
Bee
CT3HOBHTCH
fMancHM,
nacTe^bHbiM.
YTPCHHHH
POKHM
—
ao/ibwe,
6o;ibwe
B^arn,
poca.
[MOJKHO
CHHMaTb
6e3
.aonojiHHTejibHOH
noflCBeTKH.
OTKpbiTbie
npocrpaH-
j-CTBa
—
noimbiMHTb»
(B.
Ka/iioma).
BBHAy
KpaTKocTH
pexHMHoro
BpeMeHH
nooroTOBKa
K
cteMKe
HaqHHa-
[crca
3acBeTJio.
npoBepaeTca
annapaTypa, CBCT,
npoBo^HTca
MHOXCCTBO
pe-
f
neTHUHH,
qTo6bi
c
HacryaneHHeM
«pe>KHMa»
cpa3y
HaqaTb
cieMKy.
06bHHO
[CHHMaioT
noapaa
HecKO^bKo ay6jien
H noTOM
Bbi6npaK)T
HaHJiyqujHH
no
CBeTOBOMy
6anaHcy,
UBeTonepeaaqe
H,
pa3yMeeTca,
—
nrpe
aicrepoB.
YTpeHHHH
pe>KHM
MOJKHO
Hcno^b30BaTb
ZUTH
6ojiee npocTbix B
CMblCJie
toKTepCKOrO
HCnO^HeHHH
CieMOK,
TaK
KaK
TOTOBHTbCfl
K
C^O)KHOH
cteMKe
B
TeMHOTe,
ao
Bocxoaa
cojiHua,
HepaunoHa^bHO.
Pa6oxa
onepaTopa co
CBCTOM
B
naBHJIBOHC
Bo3HUKHoeeHue upaieumue
4>omo-,
meAenaewbome.
I
Ipapo/unciMMii
CerOflHHLUHHX
KHHO- H
TeaenaBH^bOHOB
MO>KHO
C
nO/IHblM
OCHOBaHHeM
cqnTaTb
CTyaHH
xynoxHHKOB-XHBonHCueB.
3TH
MacTepcKHe
npeflCTaana-
JIH
CO6OH
npocTopHbie
noMeuieHMa
c
6onbuiHMH
OKHaMH,
Bbixo^amHMH,
KaK
npaBH^o,
Ha ceBep,
qTo6bi
npaMbie
co^HeqHbie ^yqn
He nonaaajiH B
CTy^HK).
PoBHblti
MHTKHH
CBCT,
npH
KOTOpOM
C03iiaBa^MCb JKHBOnHCHbie
npoH3BeaeHHH,
cnoco6cTBOBa^
ToqHOH
uBeTonepeaaqe
H
6bui
cTa6H^eH
B
TeqeHHe
Bcero
AHH.
Koraa noHBHJiacb
QboTorpacpna,
qyBCTBHTe/ibHOCTb qboTOMaTepnajiOB
6bma HacTOJibKO
Ma^a,
qTO
CHHMaTb
MO>KHO
6bi^o
TO^bKo Ha
HaType, H TO
B
co;iHeqHyio
noroay.
Aaxe
npn
TaKOM
O6H/IHH
CBeTa
3Kcno3HUHH
ncqne-
Jiajiacb
MHHyTaMH.
He^oBeK,
nopTpeT KOToporo
nuTa^ca
3aneqaTjieTb
cpo-
Torpaqb,
ao^xeH
6bw
caaeTb
HenoaBHXHO
B
TeqeHHe
1-2
MHHJT.
Mcno^b-
101
Paaae^
II.
Paeoxa oneparopa
co
cseroM
30Ba^HCb .aaxe cneuHaabHbie
cTpy6uHHbi,
cpHKCHpyioiuHe
ro/ioBy.
ECJIM
cojiHue nepeKpbiBanocb o6;iaKaMM
HAM
noaHMMa^ca
BeTep,
3acTaBJiflio-
UJHM
ne^oBeKa
MopraTb,
cteMKa
cpbiBa^acb.
(poTorpacpw-nopTpeTHCTbi Menrajm ynoao6HTbCH
XHBonMcuaM,
M3o-
.HHpOBaTbCfl
B
CTy^HHX
H
He
3aBHceTb
OT
KanpH30B
noroabi.
3TOT
npouecc
uj&n
no
4ByM
HanpaaneHHHM:
c
oaHOH
CTOPOHW
—
noBbiuieHHe
qyBCTBH-
Te^bHocTH
(poTOMaTepwa^OB,
c
apyroH
—
yBe/iHieHHe
MOUJHOCTM
HCKyc-
CTBeHHbix HCTO4HHKOB
CBeTa.
KaK
raabKO
npn6opbi HCKyCCTBeHHOrO CBeTa
o6pe^n aocTaTOHHyio
MomHOCTb,
no3BO^HK)iuyio cHHiwarb Ha
(pofonnac-
THHKax «noBbiuieHHOH»
HyBCTBMTe^bHOCTH,
cieMKM
nopTpeTOB, cueH,
rpynn
nepeMecTmiHcb
B
HeMejxneHHO noHBHBixiHecfl
(pcrrocTyaHH.
OOTO-
rpatpbi-nopTpeTHCTbi
MOHIH
6biTb Bncwwe aoBOJibHM cBoen cy/ib6oM
—
OHM
6onee
He 3aBHcejiM
OT
MSMCHWMBOH
npHpoaw.
rioflBH^ocb
KHHO.
ripH
CKopocTH,
cteMKH
16
KaapoB
B
ceKyuay
—
a
MiweHHO TaxaH
cicopocTb,
6bwa CTauaapTHOH
B
HCMOM
KHHO
—
3Kcno3H-
UHH
cocTaan$uia
Bcero
'/
}0
nojiio
ceKyuabi.
C
TaKOH 3Kcno3HUHew
MOXHO
6bi/io cHHMaTb
ranbico
Ha
HaType.
Ho
npwpo^a
HenocroaHHa,
a
aKTepaM,
HrparomHM
B
(panbMax,
nano aaaraTb
B
.wo6yio
noroay,
.aaxe eariH
cbeM-
Ka oTMeHeHa
H3-3a
HeHacTbH.
rioBTopH^CH
npouecc
«BxoxaeHHH»
KHHe-
MaTorpadpHCTOB
B
naBanbOH,
KOTOPWH
HeKonaa npoH30iue;i
B
(poTorpa-
<pHH. C
OJHOM
CTOpOHbl,
yBe;iH4MBaJiaCb MOlUHOCTb
3^eKTpOOCBeTHTe^b-
Hbix
npH6opoB, c
apyroH
—
noBbiiuajiacb cBeTOiyBCTBHTcnbHOCTb
KHHon^eHKM.
He
Haao
3a6biBaTb,
ITO
STOT
npouecc
npoHcxoiuui npH
Ka-
nHTanH3Me,
xoraa ;i03yHr «noBbiujeHHe npoM3BOiiHTe;ibHOCTM Tpyaa»
—
He 6bui nycTWMH
orcoBaMM.
Heo6xo>aHMOCTb npoBeaeHMH cteMOK
B
naBWib-
OHax ^HicroBanacb He
raabKO
KanpH3aMH
HSMCHMHBOH
noro,abi,
HO H
crpeM-
jieHHeM npoayicrMBHO
pa6oTaTb.
Co3jiaHHe (pH^bMa
—
npeanpMHTMe BecbMa
aoporoe,
M
B03MoxHocTb
ynoao6HTb TexHonornio
KMHOCTJCMKH
npoM3BoacTBeHHOMy npoueccy
—
ue;ib oqeHb
3aMaHHHBaa.
Koraa
cra^H cTpoHTb cneuwa^bHbie
KHHOCTynHM,
Ha3biBanHCb
OHM
BHana^e
K«HO(pa6pMKaMM.
Pa6oTa
npH HopiwanbHOH
opra-
HH3auHH cteMOK MbioiM/iacb
B
TpM
ciweHbi.
M cero,ctHH HepcaKH anywaH
HOHHWX
cteMOK
M^M
KaKHx-^H6o BcnoMoraTtibHbix
pa6oT
(pa36opica
M
ycTaHOBKa
aeKopauHM,
oKpacKa,
oKnetfKa
o6oeB H T.n.).
FIoHB^eHHe
KH-
HonaBH^bOHOB no3Bo;u?;io
npH
npoH3BoacTBe cpM;ibMOB HiweTb
HCTKHH
rpa-
(pHK
cteMOK
M
He
3aBMceTb
OT
noroiibi.
CoBpeMeHHbie
KHHO-
H
Te^enaBM^bOHM
—
STO
cnoxHbie
HHxeHep-
Hbie COOpyjKeHHfl C .OOBOJIbHO BblCOKOH
3HeproBoopyxeHHOCTbio.
B
MaJIblX
naBM/ibOHax
MOXHO
CHHMaTb
MaKeTbi,
aeTa^H,
THTpw,
KOMSHHHpoBaH-
Hbie
Kajpw.
B
6aibuJHx naBH^bOHax
n^oiuaabio
1000
H
6ojree KBaapaTHbix
MeTpoB
MOJKHO
ycTaHaB^HBaTb jieKopauHH
y^Hu,
(pparMeHTbi
Kopa6^eH,
pa3birpbiBaTb cpaxceHHH
n T.A.
102
Pa6oTa onepaTopa co
CBCTOM
B
naBH^bOHe
2.
3.
4.
5.
KaKHe Tpe6oBaHH« npeAtaafiaioTCH
K
TexHHKecKOMy ocHameHHio
na-
imibOHOB?
1.
npexae
Bcero,
naBHJiboH aoJiyKen 6biTb
OT^HHHO
3ByKOM3o^Hpo-
BaH iUIH B03MOXHOCTH npOBeiieHMH CHHXpOHHblX
CieMOK.
J\j\H
3TO-
ro Kopo6Ka
naBH^bOHa wacTo cTaBHTca Ha
OT^e^bHOM,
He3aBHCH-
MOM OT
ocTa^bHoro 3aaHMH
(pyaaaMem-e.
JIio6bie BH6pauHH nowBbi
H
ujyMbi
y^HUbi
He
^O^XHH
oiuymaTbca
B
naBH^bOHe.
naBH^bOH o6ecnewnBaeTCH MexaHH3HpoBaHHbiM pa6onHM
noTO^-
KOM
c
no^BecHbiMH
JiecaMH-n;iaT(popMaMH.
Ha
STMX
n^aTcpopinax,
cHa6)KeHHbix nj\n 6e3onacHocTM
orpaxaeHHHMH,
ycTaHaBJiHBaiOT-
CH
ocBeTHTejibHbie npH6opbi MoiuHocTbio
3—20
KBT.
MexaHH3Hpo-
BaHHbiw noTO^OK no3BO^aeT «noaBecHTb» ocBeTHTeJibHbiM npn6op
B
^K)60H KOOp^HHaTHOH TOMKe
naBH^bOHa.
naBH^bOH Ao^xeH MMeTb cneuHaflbHyio
ceTb
3ByK03anHCH
H
CBJI3H.
B
naBKNbOHe iio^xHa 6biTb ycTaHOB^eHa MomHaa cwcTeMa
npw-
TOMHO-BblTHXHOH BeHTH^HUHH
B
npOMbllUTieHHOM
HCnO^HCHHH.
3T0
Heo6xoflHMo jinn npoBeaeHHH
cteMOK cueH
noxapa,
Koraa
yxe
noc^e
nepBoro
ny§s\H o6pa3yeTC»
orpoMHoe
Ko^MHecTBo
auMa,
KOTOpblH
HyXHO 6bICTpO yaa^HTb
H
HanO^HHTb naBKJIbOH CBeXHM
B03iiyxoM
WH
cteMKH ancayioiuHx
ny6neH.
CeTb
noxapHoro BOiionpoBoaa crcyxHT
TOH
xe
ue^H:
6bicTpo
no-
racHTb
oroHb.
Bo3MOXHOCTb ycrpaHeHn«
noxapa
jo^xHa 6biTb
npe-
aycMOTpeHa He TOJibKo
B Tex
c^ywaax,
Koraa CHHinaiOTCH cueHbi
noxapa.
ileKopauHH
B
JiK>6bix 3nH3oaax
H3roToaaeHbi,
KaK
npaBH-
;io,
M3
aepeBa,
TKaHH,
n^acTHKa
H
^pyrax
^erKOBocn^aMeHHio-
IUHXCH
MaTepwa^oB.
M,
HecMOTpfl Ha cneuHajibHyK) nponMTKy
ae-
KopauHH,
noxapHbifi BoaonpoBoa
Heo6xoaHM.
B Tex
naBKnbOHax,
rue CHHMaroTCH
cueHbi noxapa,
HaBOflHeHHH,
6ypw Ha
Mope, T.e.
TaM,
rae o6pa3yeTC« 6o^biuoe
KO/IHHCCTBO
Boabi,
no^
rH4poH3o^MpyeTca
M
ycraHaaiHBaeTCH cwcTeina
npoH3Boa-
CTBeHHOH
KaHaJIH3aUHH OJIH OTBOiia
BOilbl.
HanpHMep,
nun
CICMKH
cueHbi
6ypn Ha
Mope
KOPMTO-UHC-
TepHa o6ieMOM
5-10
M
3
(5-10
T
Boabi) ycTaHaB^HBaeTCH Ha ^ecax
Haa (ppanweHTOM aeKopauHH na^y6bi
Kopa6^a.
HaMHHaeTca
cteM-
Ka.
/leKopauHH
pacKanHBaeTca,
BeTpoayH co3aaeT 3(p(peKT
yparaH-
Horo BeTpa,
KopbiTo
onpoKH^biBaeTca,
H Macca
BOAM
o6pyujHBa-
eTCfl
Ha
na^y6y,
npoH3Boiw
Ha
Heft ^paMaTHwecKHe
onycToujeHHfl.
nepBbiH ay6^b
CHJIT.
AKTepbi nayT nepeoaeBaTbCH
B
cyxwe
KOCTIO-
MW,
Boaa,
0Ka3aBiijaHca Ha no^y
naBH^bOHa,
.aojixHa 6biTb
6bic-
Tpo
KaHa^M3HpoBaHa,
a
uucrepHa
cHOBa
Hano^HeHa una cteMKH
BToporo
ny6j\H.
JXnn ocBeiueHHfl aeKopauHH Heo6xoiiHMa cwcTeMa ocBeTHTe^bHbix
npH6opoB.
npn6opbi
c
^aMriaMH
HaKajiHBaHHH,
Hcno^b3yK>uiHe
103
Pa3/xe/i
II. Pa6oTa
onepatopa
co
CBCTOM
nepeMeHHWH
TOK,
M
npn6opbi
c
.ayraMH
HHTeHCHBHoro
ropeHHa
(JXMr»),
pa6oTaiomHe
Ha
nocroHHHOM
TOKe,
ycTaHaR/iMBaioTCH
He TOflbKO
Ha
no/jBecHbix
.necax,
HO
H
Ha jiecax
no
nepHMeTpy
caMOH
/xeKopaiiHH,
a
TaKxe Ha
no/iy.
EMH
nonbiTaTbcji cyMMHpoBaTb
BCIO
MomHocTb,
Hcno^b3yeMyio
B
3Hep-
rerawecKOM ocHameHHH
naBWibOHOB,
TO
0Ka>KeTCfl,
MTO
OHa Kone6;ieTCfl
B
npeae^ax
OT 1
,no
3
KBT
Ha 1
M
2
ruiomaan
H,
c/ie/joBaTe/ibHO,
BnojiHe
MOJKCT
6biTb
conocTaBHMa c
3HeproBoopy>KeHHocTbio 3aBojicKoro
uexa.
Bonpoc:
XL/IH
Hero
npHBe/xeHM Bee
STH
/xaHHbie
06
3HepreTHMecKOM
o6ec-
neneHHM
CICMOHHUX
naBRHbOHOB?
Otneem:
JXsin
TOTO,
MTo6bi yncHHTb
ce6e,
MTO
cteMKa
B naBHJibOHe
CTOMT
oqeHb
/xoporo.
Bueod:
OnepaTop,
CHHMaiomHH
B
naBH/ibOHe,
nanxeH
B
coBepiueHCTBe
BJiaaeTb CBoefi npotpeccMefi
H, B
wacTHOCTH,
MCKyccTBOM pa6oTbi
co
CBCTOM,
4To6bi TBopnecKM Hcno^b30BaTb npeflocTaanaeMbie
TexHHwe-
CKHe
B03MO)KHOCTH.
McKyccTBO ocBeweHHH
B
naBHJibOHe HMeeT
c^o^Hyio
HCTOPMIO
da-
HOa/ieHMH
H
COBepiXieHCTBOBaHHH XyilOJKeCTBeHHO-TBOpMeCKOH pa6oTbi CO
CBCTOM.
YIOUXOR
K
npHHUHnaM ocBemeHHH /xeKopauHH
H
cueH npw
cieM-
Kax (pw^bMOB HeoaHHaKOB
y
pa3Hbix
onepaTopoB.
ripw
pa6oTe B
naBHJibOHe
nepe/j
onepaTopoM
Bceraa
CTOHT
onpe/jeJieHHaa
XMBonHCHO-H3o6pa3H-
Te^bHaH
3aaaqa.
C
noMombio CBeTa eMy
Heo6xo/jHMo:
•
BbiHBHTb o6i>eMHyK)
(popMy
npeaMeTOB,
a
TaKxe pe^betpbi
/jeKopa-
UHH
H ee
(paicrypy;
•
o6pHCOBaTb KOHTypHbie cpopMbi (pHryp
H
04epTHTb
HX
B
npocTpan-
CTBC
KpoMe
Toro,
B
COOTBCTCTBMH
CO
cueHapweM HyxHO co3/jaTb
B
aeKopa-
UHM
TOT
H;IH
HHOH CBCTOBOH
3<p(peicr,
KOTopbiH nepe/xacT onpe/xe/ieHHyio
ncMXOJionmecKyio aTMOccpepy
/aeHCTBHH,
onpe/xe/ieHHoe
HacTpoeHMe.
3MOUHOHaJIbHO nO/JWepKHyB ClOXeTHyK) .HHHHfO Bblpa3HTeJIbHblM
CBeTO-
BWM
peixieHHein.
OdocHoeaHue npuHHuna pa3deAbHoeo oceeui/eHUH
e
detcopaujuu.
Ecviu n
HaTypHbix cteMKax Hcno^b3yiOTCfl npnpo/XHbie
HCTOMHHKH
ocBemeHHH
—
coJiHue,
He6o,
CBCT,
OTpaxeHHbiH
OT npe/XMeTOB, a
TaioKe
OT
OTpaxaTe-
;ieM
H
s^eKTponoiiCBeTOB,
TO
B
naBHJibOHe onepaTopbi ocBeiuaioT
/xeKopa-
UMH
npn noMouiH ocBeTHTe^bHbix
npM6opoB.
CiicTeMa ocBemeHHH
B na-
BH/ibOHe ocHOBaHa
Ha
TOM,
4TO
ocBemaioTCfl
pa3ae^bHo:
•
aexopauHH
—
CTeHbi,
noji,
noTonoK,
npoeMbi,
/xBepn,
oKHa;
•
npe/xMe™ o6cTaHOBKM
—
CTOJIM,
ixiKatpbi,
CTyjiba
M
T./X.;
•
(poHbi
— 3a
npoeiviaMH,
OKHaMH,
aaepbMU
H
T./X.;
104
Pa6oTa onepaTopa co
CBCTOM
B naBH/ibOHe
•
npocrpaHCTBO
/xeicopauHH,
B
KOTOPOM
/xBHraioTCH
aicrepbi;
•
(pHrypbi
aKTepoB.
KoM6HHHpya
CBCT
OT
MHomx
npH6opoB, B
naBHJibOHe
MO>KHO
nojiy-
HHTb pa3^H4HbiH xapaKTep
ocBemeHHa:
CBeTOTeHeBoe
ocBemeHHe,
TOHa^b-
Hoe
ocBemeHHe,
jioKa^bHoe ocBemeHHe (xoraa aeKopauHH
BbicBeMHBaeT-
Cfl nflTHaMH) H CMJiySTHOC
B
COOTBeTCTBHH
C
3aHaHHblM CBeTOBbIM
3(p(peK-
TOM
ocBeiuaioTCfl cpHrypu
aicrepoB,
npocTpaHCTBO iieKopauHH,
npe^MeTbi
o6cTaHOBKH
H
(poHbi.
He3aBHCHMO OTxapaKTepa H3o6pa>KeHHJi
npocrpaH-
CTBeHHaa ocBemeHHocTb ao^>KHa 6biTb Heo6xoziMMOH
H
aocTaTOMHOH ann
npOpa60TKM UBeTa
B
TeHJIX.
MciOHOHeHHeM MOXeT
6bITb
^HUIb 3(J)(peKT
Be-
MepHero
MJIH
HOMHOPO
ocBemeHHa,
Koraa KaKHe-TO ynacTKM
Kaapa Haxo-
flflTCH B
nO/IHOW TeMHOTC
ripH noziroTOBKe
K
cbeMKaM
B
naBH^bOHe
onepaTop B
nepByro oMepezib
HCxoiiHT
H3 Toro,
4TO
OCHOBOH
ero
pa6oTbi HBJixeTCK HaHjiynmee
Bbinane-
HHe apaMaTyprHsecKoro coaep>KaHHn
3nH3oaa,
CBoeo6pa3HH
MH3aHCue-
Hbi
H
aicrepcKOM
wrpbi.
Heo6xoflHMO
OTMeTHTb,
MTO
npaKTHKa pa6oTbi
co
CBeTOM
B
naBH^bOHe
c ycnexoM
MO)KeT 6biTb Hcnonb30BaHa
H
npw
aoKy-
MeHTanbHbix
cieMKax.
Pa3je^bHoe ocBemeHHe
HHTepbepa,
npocipaHCTBa
B
HHTepbepe
H
ntoacPi,
fleficTByioixiHx B
STOM
npocTpaHCTBe,
Bno^He
B03-
MOXHO
B
ny6^HUHCTHMecKHx nepeiiaHax
H
(pn/ibMax
M
aaeT xopouiMe
pe-
3y.nbTaTbi He3aBHCHMO
OT
anna ocBeTHTe^bHbix
npwGopoB.
liii/i,i»i CBera
B
CBoew
pa6oTe onepaTop
ncno^b3yeT caeayiomMe Bnabi
CBeTa:
pMcy-
lOlUHH,
3anO^HHK)UIHH,
KOHTpOBOH,
MOiiejIHpyiOlUHM,
(pOHOBOH.
1'ncyiomnH
CBCT.
3TO
CBCT
npn6opoB HanpaaneHHoro
ocBemeHHH.
Oc-
HOBHaa TexHHHecKaa zanana 3aionoMaeTCH
B
TOM,
MTo6bi
Ha
npe^MeTax,
cpHrypax,
jinuax
repoeB
no«BnncH CBeTOTeHeBofi
pncyHOK.
PwcyioiuMH
CBCT,
HeTKO pa3fle^Ha CBeTOByio
M
TeHeByio
CTOPOHW
o6i>eKTa,
xopoiuo
BbiHBflH-
eT
o6i>eM,
(popMy
M
(paicrypy.
06i.eKT cteMKH 0T6pacbiBaeT TeHb
(«naaaio-
iuyio» TeHb)
Ha
iipyrne
o6ieKTbi,
noji,
CTeHy
H
T.A.
TaKoe
ocBemeHHe
MU
Ha6^K)iiaeM
B
co;iHeHHyio
noroziy,
Koraa co^HenHbie
nynn,
ocBemaa
npea-
MeTbi,
o6pa3yiOT
Ha
HHX
CBeTOTeHeBofi
pncyHOK.
BMecTe
c
TeM npn
noMO-
UXH
npH6opoB pMcyiomero CBeTa
B
naBH^bOHe co3aaiOTCfl
H
apyrne
3(p-
(peKTbi
ocBemeHHH.
B
Haiueii
)KM3HH
— B
noMemeHMH
M^H
Ha
HaType —
HenpeMeHHo
npn-
cyTCTByeT
KaKoii-^H6o
CBCTOBOH
scpcpeicr.
ilaxe
B
HeHacTHyio noroiiy
B
KOMHaTe oiuymaeTca scpcpeKT
nacMypHoro
ocBemeHHH H3
OKHa.
M TaKOM
3(pcpeKT BOCC03flaeTcn
B
naBHJibOHe
npw
noMOiun pHcyiouiero
CBeTa.
FIo-
TOK
3Toro CBeTa 6yaeT
LUMPOKHM,
copa3MepHbiM
c
onomaabio
OKHa, a
TeHH, HanpHMep
Ha ^nue
ne^OBeKa,
Oyayr
donee
«M«rKMMH»,
MeM
TCHH
105
Pa3ae;i
II.
Pa6oTa onepaTopa
co
CBCTOM
OT
CBeTa CBeMH miH KepocHHOBOH
JiaMnu,
3(p(peKT
OT
KOTOPWX
TaioKe
co3aaeTca npH6opaMH pncyiomero
CBeTa.
3anojiimioiuHH
CBer.
3TO
CBCT,
KOTOPMH
paBHOMepHO
3ano;iHJieT Bee
npocrpaHCTBo
AeKopaixMM.
Jljm
ero
coaaaHWi Hcnanb3yioTCH npn6opbi
pacce-
HHHoro CBeTa
HJIH
SKpaHbi,
3aTHHyTbie 6ejiUM MaTepna^oM
H
ocBemeH-
Hbie
(Ha
npocBeT
HJIH
Ha
oTpaxeHne)
3/ieKTpoocBeTHTe/ibHbiMH
npn6opa-
MH.
/JocTaTOMHaa ocBeiueHHOCTb
B
Kaxaon TOHKe
cHHMaeMoro npocTpaH-
cTBa
noMoraeT
BbiaBneHHio anacTHHecKHx (popiw npe/xMeTOB
H
/jBHHeymHxca
(pnryp,
noacBeHHBaeT TeHH
Ha
Jinuax
aKTepoB,
cnoco6cTBya
3MOHHO-
Ha^bHOMy BocnpHHTHio ncHxojiorHiecKoro
COCTOHHHJI
repoeB.
MOXHO
noiicBeTHTb TeHH o6i>eKTa
CT>CMKH,
He Hcno/ib3ya
CBCT,
3ano/iHaiomHH
Bee
npocTpaHCTBO
/xeKopaunH.
Jinn 3Toro npHMeHaeTca npn6op
HanpaB-
jieHHoro
WIH
pacceflHHoro
CBeTa,
nocTaaieHHWH
PH/XOM
c
KaMepon.
M3-
MeHJifl HHTeHCHBHocTb CBeTa 3Toro
npnOopa,
pery/wpyioT
ocBeiueHHOCTb
TeHH,
co3flaBaa Heo6xo/xHMbiH
onepaTopy
KOHTpacT.
KOHTPOBOH
(KOIIT)
pHbiii)
CBCT.
FIpH ocBemeHHH o6T>eicra C3a/1H Ha HeM
B03HHKaeT cBeTOBOH
KOHTyp,
o6pHCOBbiBaioiuHH
(pnrypy H
xopoiuo
oxae-
JlfllOIHHH ee
OT
CpOHa.
CfieTOBblM KOHTypOM OT/1HHHO nOflMepKHBaiOTCH
apxHTeicrypHbie (popMbi:
ziecTHHiibi,
KOJIOHHM,
nurcacTpbi,
a
Taiotce jxerajw
oGcTaHOBKH
—
TyM6bi,
/xpanpn
H
T.n.
KOHTPOBOH CBCT
cnoco6cTByeT
ouxy-
meHHio
ray6HHHocTH npocTpaHCTBa, xopouio
oxae/iaa nepBoanaHOBbie
(pnrypbi
OT BToporo
ruiaHa
H
(poHa,
H B
STOM
CBOCM
KawecTBe
OH
— He
TanbKO cpe^cTBO
BWpa3HTe^bHOCTH,
HO
H
HHCTpyMeHT npeoflaneHHa
^Byx-
MepHOH
OTIOCKOCTH
3KpaHa.
BMecTe c
TeM
KOHTPOBOH
CBCT,
HenpaBHJibHO
ncno^b3yeMbiH,
MOxeT npHBecTH
H K
HexcnaTejibHbiM
pe3ynbTaTaM.
CymecTByeT Heiwa^o (pHJibMOB
H
nepcaas,
rae
KOHTPOBOH CBCT
HC-
no;ib30BaH
MHCTO
(popMajibHO.
HanpHMep,
3nH3oa
H3
(pHJibMa
o
BCJIHKOH
OreHecTBeHHOH
BOHHC
3eM-
jiflHKa.
J\Ba
ocpHuepa caoflT 3a caMoae^bHbiM
CTOJIOM,
paccMaTpnBa«
Kapiy.
TopHT KonTH^Ka
—
(pHTH^eK
B
rHjib3e
OT
cHapana.
CoBepixieHHO
onpeaejieH-
HbiH
HCTOMHMK
3(p(peKTHoro CBeTa
—
K<anTHJiKa.
A
Ha repoHx
—
BejiHKOJien-
HblM
CBeTOBOH KOHTyp,
B03HHKUIHH HCM3BeCTH0
OTKyiia.
IianoGHoe HeMOTHBHpoBaHHoe Hcno;ib30BaHHe
KOHTpoBoro
CBeTa
MoxeT nopoanTb
y
3pMTejiH HcaoBepne
K
(pa^biUHBOMy
H3o6paxeHHio,
H
STO
HeaoBepne
MOXCT
pacnpoerpaHHTbca Ha (pHjibM
B
ue;iOM
—
Ha
ero
.npaMaTyprHio
H
Ha
ero
naeio.
CHHMafl pea^HCTH4eCKHH
(pHJlbM,
Heo6xOflHMO HCnOJlb30BaTb
KOHT-
pOBOH
CBeT
apryMeHTHpoBaHHO,
HTo6bi
H3o6paxeHHe
6buio aocTOBepHbiM
H
He
Bbi3biBa^o
BonpocoB
y
3pHTe;iH.
Mo;icjinpyH)uiHH
CBCT.
MoaejiHpyiouiHH
CBCT
npHMeHaeTca
OJIH
TOH-
MaHiiieH CBeTOBOH
o6pa6oTKH
/iHua win
KpynHbixaeTanen.
Hanpaanaa y3Kne
106
Pa6oTa onepaTopa
co
CBCTOM
B
naBunbOHe
nyMKH CBeTa
JIHHSOBMX
npn6opoB
Ha
(pnrypy
WIH
JIHUO
aicrepa,
MOJKHO
no^yHHTb He6ojibiiiHe nflTHa
H
6^HKH,
ycn^HBaiouiHe omymeHHe o6i>eMa
H
noflnepKHBaiomHe ncnxo^orHwecKoe
COCTOHHHC
repoa.
TaKaa
CBeTOTOHanb-
Haa MoaejiHpoBKa nacTO 6biBaeT Heo6xoaHMa
npH
cieMKe
OCOGCHHO
Kpyn-
Hbix
anaHOB.
FIoflCBeTKa
rjia3,
CBCTOBOH
aKueHT
Ha
opaeHa,
Ha
yKpameHHJi,
AHaaeMy,
6pac^eT win aaxe Ko^buo
Ha
na^bue,
6JIHK
Ha
^OKOHM
Bbiomnx-
Cfl BO/IOC
H
T.n.
—
JUISi 3THX Ue^eH MOae^HpyiOlUHH CBeT
He3aMCHHM.
OOHOBOH
CBeT.
3aaana
(pOHOBoro
CBeTa
—
co3flaTb XHBonncHbiH (pOH
OJIH
aKTepoB,
o6pncoBaTb
apxHTeicrypHbie (popMbi
aeKopaunn
H
BbiaBHTb
wy6HHy
npocTpaHCTBa.
(POHOBOH
CBCT
craBHTca TaKHM
o6pa30M,
HTo6bi
MOKHO
6bmo
CHHMaTb
o6uiHe,
cpeflHHe
H
KpynHbie
n^aHbi
6e3
nepecTa-
HOBKH
OCBeTHTeJIbHblX
npn6opOB.
C
nOMOUIbK) (pOHOBOTO CBCTa MOXHO
BOcnpoH3BecTH, HanpHMep,
scpcpeicr
paccBeTa
B
3aoKOHHOM npocTpaH-
CTBe
aeKopauHH npocTopHofi napaaHOH 3ajibi
c
orpoMHbiMH OKHaMH
H
UBeTyinHM caaoM 3a
HHMH.
M^H
3(p(peicr
3aKaTa...
HTaK,
B
apceHa^e
onepaTopa
njrn>
BH^OB
CBeTa, Bcero
nHTb:
pHcyio-
1UHH,
3anO^HflK)lUHH,
KOHTpOBOH,
MOfle^HpyiOIUHH,
(pOHOBOH.
KaK 6yflTO
coBceM HeMHoro, HO
STO
TOJibKo Ha nepBbifi
B3r^aa.
HyxHO ywecTb
ABH
o6cTOHTe^bCTBa:
•
BO-nepBbIX,
KaaCflblH
H3
3THX nflTH BH^OB CBeTa MO)KeT OUiyTHMO
MeHHTbCH no
HHTeHCHBHOCTH,
co3flaBaa COBepilJeHHO pa3^HHHbie
«cooTHoiueHHa» MOKay cpnrypon
H
(})OHOM,
Mexay
CBCTOM
H Te-
Hbio Ha ^Hue
H
T.fl.;
•
BO-BTOpbIX,
KaXflblH
H3
3THX
nflTH
BHflOB CBCTa MOJKeT
6bITb
UBCT-
HblM.
A
KO^HMeCTBO UBeTOB
H OTTeHKOB
—
HeHCMHCJIHMO.
TaKHM 06pa30M,
eC^H npHHHTb
BO
BHHMaHHe
3TH
06CT0flTe^bCTBa,
CBeTO-UBeTOBaa najiHTpa npeaocTaBJiaeT
onepaTopy
6e3rpaHHMHbie
H3o6-
pa3HTe^bHbie
B03MOXHOCTH.
ri03TOMy,
HMefl B03MO)KHOCTb HCn0^b30BaTb
n»Tb BHflOB
CBeTa,
onepaTopu Hepe^Ko orpaHHHHBaioT ce6a
AByMH-TpeMH.
HanpHMep,
Hcnojib3yiOTca To^bKo 3anojiHHiouiHH
CBCT
(Ha
JIHUO)
H
tpo-
HOBOH.
K
3TOH
nape
MOXHO
ao6aBHTb
KOHTPOBOH
HCTO4HHK
H
nojiyHHTb
HHTepecHoe
cBeTOBoe
peuieHHe.
lAim
nopTpeT
CHHMaeTca
c
pe3KHM
KOHTpacTOM
Meamy
CBCTOM
H Te-
Hbio Ha
jiHue,
T.e.
6e3
Hcnojib30BaHHH 3ano/iH$nomero
CBeTa,
noacBenHBa-
lomero
TCHH.
Flpn
STOM
MOXCT
B03HHKHyrb «npH^HnaHHe»
TCHCBOH,
He-
noacBeMeHHOH qacTH Jinua
H
(pnrypbi K
TeMHOMy
4^oHy.
HTOGM
3Toro
He
npOH30UJAO,
Heo6xOAHMO
C
nOMOUIbK)
KOHTpOBOrO
CBeTa «OTfle^HTb»
(pnrypy
OT
cpoHa
JIH6O
Hcno^b30BaTb npaBHJio «HepeaoBaHHfl
TOHOB»
(TCM-
Hoe
—
Ha
CBeTJiOM,
CBeT^oe
—
Ha
TCMHOM),
T.e.
«no^o>KHTb» Ha
(poHe
CBeTOBbie nHTHa
3a
TCHCBUMH
nacTSMH
(pnrypbi.
Toraa o6T>eKT cteMKH
6yaeT xopouio
«MHTaTbca».
Pe3KHH
cBeTOTeHeBoii
KOHTpacT Ha
^nue
CMHr-
HaeTCH AH(p(py3HOH iiacaaKon
Ha
o6i>eKTHBe.
107
Pa3.ae.n
11. Pa6oTa onepaTopa
co
CBCTOM
<POH MOXeT
6bITb
CBCT-lblM HUH
TeMHbIM,
UBCTHblM
WW
axpOMaTHMe-
CKHM,
POBHO
OCBemeHHbIM HJIH
riHTHHCTblM.
He3aBHCHMO
OT 3Toro
cpHry-
pbi
H
ripe/we™ aon^Hbi Bcerzia xopomo «WHTaTbCH» Ha
cpOHe,
He
cnw-
BaTbca
c
HHM,
He «npH^nnaTb»
K
HeMy.
CBeroBori
KJIIO
11
!
JXJW
pa6oTbi
co
CBCTOM
B
naBmibone
BBCHCHO
noHHTHe
«CBCTOBOH
K^HOH*.
CBeTOBOH
KJ1IOH
—
3TO
CHCTeMa
SKCnOHOMeTpHHeCKOrO
KOHTPOJIH,
npH
KOTOpOH 3a HCXOilHyiO Bej]M4HHy npHHHMaeTCH
HpKOCTb
JIHUa
B
CBeTax.
HanOMHHM, MTO HpKOCTb
HB^HCTCH (pyHKUHCH
OCBeiXieHHOCTH,
nOSTOMy
onepaTop
caM
peixiaeT,
npoBO/WTb
JW
eMy 3KcnoHOMeTpHwecKHH
KOHT-
pojib,
3aMepaa ocBemeHHOCTb
—
CBCT,
naaaiomHH Ha o&beicr cbeMKH
OT
ocBeTHTejibHbix
npH6opoB,
HJW
HpKOCTb
—
CBeT,
OTpaxeHHbiH
OT
o6i>eKTa.
flpKocrb,
co3iiaBaeMaa
Ha
CBCTOBOM
nacra
jwua,
Ha3biBaeTca
icnioqe-
BOH
HpKOCTbK),
flOTOMy
HTO HMeHHO
no OTHOUieHHK)
K
Heft
(K
lOHOqeBOH
HPKOCTH)
ycTaHaanHBaeTCH HpKOCTb juifi
Bcex
ocra^bHbix
noBepxHocreM,
cpHryp,
o6cTaHOBKH
H
cpOHa
B
Kaape.
OT
lcmoqa naeT KaK 6w HaerpoHKa
Bcefi
cBeTo-
H
UBeTOTOHajibHOH nanHTpu
Kaapa.
OTcioaa
noHHTHo,
HTO
B
OJIHOM
3nH3oae,
npn
OAHOM
3HaneHHM anaipparMbi KJiioHeBaH HpKOCTb
flOJDKHa 6blTb
BejlHHHHOH
nOCTOHHHOH.
CseTOBOii Oajiaiic
CooTHomeHHe apKocTeft
B
CBeTax
M
TCHHX
Ha3biBaeTCH
CBCTOBHM
6a-
jiaHcoM,
npMqeM
3TO
noHHTHe
BicnioHaeT
B
ce6n use
cocTaBjiaioiUHe:
•
cooTHoaieHHe cBeTa
H
TCHH
Ha
JiHiie;
•
cooTHOiueHHe CBeTa Ha Jinue
H
cpOHa.
B
apceHa^e
onepaTopa
CBCTOBOM
6a^aHC
—
oqeHb BaxHbiii
«HHcrpy-
MeHT».
C ero
noMoiubio,
H3MCHHH
cooTHOiueHHe
HpKocren MOtmy
CBCTOM
M
TeHbio Ha
JiMue,
a
TaioKe Mexay
JIHUOM
M
qboHOM,
ocHOBbiBaacb Ha
onpeae^eHHOM
CBCTOBOM
scpcpeKTe,
onepaTop
co3,aaeT Heo6xo4HMyio
«CBe-
TOByio
aTMoccpepy», B
KOTOPOM
npoMCXo^MT
TO
HJIH
MHoe aencTBHC
Pac-
CMOTPHM
npHMep Hcno^b30BaHMH CBCTOBoro 6a^aHca nnst co3,aaHHH
B
Kaupe onpcacneHHOH
aTMoccpepbi,
a
TaKxe ncHXOJiorHHecKOH
xapaKTe-
pHCTMKH
repoeB.
OSteKTbi
cieMKH:
TiopeMHaa
KaMepa,
6o/ibHHHHaa
na^aTa.
B
TiopeMHOii
KaMepe
CHANT
npecTynHHK.
B
6o/ibHHMHOH nanaTe
—
ero
xepTBa.
CreHbi
TK>-
peMHod KaMepu
—
cepwe,
ecTb
He6ojibUJoe 3apeiueqeHHoe
OKHO.
B
6anbHMH-
HOM
nanaTe
CTCHU
CBeTJiwe,
IIOHTH
6ejibie,
H
orpoMHbie
OKHa.
06a
3nM3oaa MbicnHTca
B
cpH;ibMe KaK npoMcxoaauiHe
B
OAHO
M
TO
xe
BpeMH
M
6yjiyT MOHTwpoBaTbCH
napajuiejibHO.
108
Pa6oTa onepaTopa
co
CBCTOM
B
naBHJibOHe
flpKHH
COJlHeHHblH
fleHb.
JlyHM cojiHua npoHHKaioT
B
TiopeMHyio
Ka-
• Mepy
wepe3 He6ojibixioe
OKOIXIKO
M
ocBeiuaioT
/IHUO
npecTynHMKa
(pnc.
60).
npw anacpparMe /
= 1:4
lciMOMeBaa apKOCTb
Ha
Jinue
(B
CBeTax) paBHa
5
i.
(uiicppbi
yc/ioBHbie).
HHTeHCHBHOCTb 3ano^Haioujero CBeTa
HeBejiHKa,
TaK
I KaK OKOuiKo MajieHbKoe
H
OTpa>KeHHoro CBeTa
OT cepbix
CTCH
B
KaMepe
;
HeMHoro.
TeHH Ha JiHue
MMCIOT
3HaqeHHe
2.
CBCTOBOH
6a^anc,
c^eaoBa-
I
Te^bHo,
paBeH
5:2.
CBeTOTeHeBOM pMcyHOKflocTaTOHHo
KOHTpacTeH.
B6o^bHHHHOM najiaTe
(
PHC.
61)
npn
TOM
ace 3HaqeHMM anacpparMbi
Wkf~
1:4)
H
TOM
)Ke KJHOMeBOii
apKOCTU,
pauuoii
5,
OTpaxeHHoro
or
CBCT-
! ^bix
CTCH
CBeTa 6y.ueT 3HaHMTe^bHO
6o^buie.
HpKOCTb
B
TCHHX
paBHa
3.
\
CBCTOBOM
6a^aHC paBeH
5:3.
HHane
roBopa,
TCHM
JierKMe,
npo3pa4Hbie,
•
npocBeneHHbie,
HTO
H
cooTBeTCTByeT «MarKOM» CBeTOTeHeBOM
xapaKTepn-
CTMKe HeBMHHO nocTpaflaBUiero
4e^0BeKa.
klTaK,
oflHH
H Te
xe jiyHH co^Hua
B
oaHO
H
TO
xe BpeMH
B
OJ1HOH
aeKopauHM (TiopbMa) co3flaayr
KOHTpacTHbiM,
CBeTOTeHeBOM pncyHOK
c
MpaMHbiM cepbiM
CPOHOM,
B
ApyroH aeKopauMH (6o^bHHua)
—
MHI-KMM
CBeTOTeHeBOM pHCyHOK
CO
CBeT^blM,
«np03paMHbIM»
CpOHOM.
KaK
BHaHM,
[ XapaKTep H306pa>KeHMH HaXOflMTCH
B
npHMOH 3aBMCHMOCTH OT CBCTOBOrO
6a^aHca.
FIpoiiojiXHM
npHMep.
Te
xe caMbie repon CHMMaioTca
B
HOMHUX
3nH3oaax.
M onaTb
—
OJIM-
HaKOBoe
3HaqeHMe ,n.HacpparMbi/=
1:4,
oaHa
M
Ta xe KjHoweBan HpKOCTb
Ha
nnuax,
paBHan
5. Ho B
KaMepe
(ziaMna noa noro^KOM) noacBeTKa
TeHen BecbMa
He3HaMHTejibHa,
M
CBCTOBOM
6ajiaHC paBeH
5:1, a B
6o^b-
HHHHOH nanaTe
(HOMHMK
HaTyM6o4Ke)
6^aroiiapH
cBeTJibiM cTeHaM
—
5:2.
<DOH
B
KaMepe
HOMbio MoxeT 6biTb noMTH
qepHbiM,
HTO
npn xecTKOM
CBeTOTeHeBOM pncyHKe Ha
nopTpeTe
co3iiacT eme 6o^ee HanpnxeHHbiM
xapaKTep
H3o6paxeHMH.
B
6o.nbHMue iiaxe
HOMbio
co3aaeTCH MeHbiuMH
KOHTpacT
Ha ^nue npn 6ojiee
CBCT^OM
cpoHe,
T.e.
MeHee HanpnxeHHbiM
O6WMM
xapaKTep
H3o6paxeHHH.
CBCTOBOM
KJiioq
H
CBeTOBOH 6a^aHC HrpaKJT caMyio aKTHBHyio po^b
B
M306pa3HTe^bH0M peiueHMH Kaxaoro
3nH3oaa,
BJIMHH
Ha SMOUHOHa^bHoe
BocnpHHTMe M3o6pa3HTe^bHoro pnaa
3pMTe^eM.
HJW
TOTO
HTo6bi
paccMOT-
perb,
KaK Mcno;ib3yeTCH lOMoqeBoe ocBemeHHe
M
CBCTOBOM
6anaHC,
BHOBb
06paTMMCH
K
XapaKTepMCTMHeCKHM KpHBbIM
(CM.
pnc.
60fl
M
61fl).
HanoM-
HHM,
MTO
Ha
OCHX
OpflMHaT OT^OXeHbl Be^HMMHbl HpKOCTeH CbeMOMHOTO
o6-beKTa,
a
Ha caMHx xapaicrepHCTHMecKHx
KPMBHX
—
cooTBeTCTByiomHe
MM
ypoBHH cnrHMOB
Ha
MaTpMue FI3C
B
T&neKaMepe.
MTaK,
HpKOCTb ^Hua
npn
ci>eMKe iiHeBHoro 3nM3oaa
B
TiopeMHon
KaMe-
pe
ao^xHa yicnaabiBaTbCH
B
OBa^,
o6i>eflHHHioiUMH nne
TOMKM
— C
M
£: B
CBoeM ABHxeHMH
no
KaMepe
HcnoBeK
MOXCT
nonaaaTb
TO
B
.nyH co^Hua H3
-
OKOUJKa,
TO B
TeHb,
HPKOCTH
Ha JiHue Moryr
MeHHTbca,
HO
6a^aHC
— 5:2
—
i
aojixeH 6biTb
coxpaHeH
BO
BCCM
3nH30zie.
Flpn
c-beMKe
HOMHoro 3nH3oaa
B
3T0H aeKopauMH npn/=
1:4
M
B
am
= 5
HpKOCTb ^nua ao^xHa
y^oxHTbcn
B
109
Pa3aeji
II.
Pa6oTa onepaTopa
co
CBCTOM
XapaKTepHCTHqecKasi
KPHBUH
CMMKH
B
TH>PCMHOH
KaMepe,
/= 1:4
B
(npKocmb)
A
—
MaKCHManbHaa
HpKOCTb
O
—
spKocTb co^HeHHoro
n«THa
Ha
creHe
C —
CBCTOBOH
1CHOW
D
—
»pK0CTb
cpoHa
(aeHb)
B
min
E —
apKocTb
TeHM
Ha
Jinue
(aeHb)
F —
npKocTb
TeHH
Ha
jwue
(Hoib)
Q
—
HpKOCTb
(pOHa
(HOMb)
P
—
MHHHMaJIbHaH
HpKOCTb
Puc.
60
OBaji,
o6TjenMHaiomHH
TOMKH
CH
F.
3TO
3HaMMT,
MTO
npH
JuoGbix
nepeMewe-
HHHX
aKTepa
no
aeKopauHH npKocTb
ero
;iHua He aojDKHa 6biTb Bbiuie
10110-
MeBOH
(5) H
HHXe
1
(TOHKa
F),
T.C
Heo6xOAHMO
COXpaHMTb CBCTOBOH
6a-
JiaHc
5:1.
CBCTOBOH
6ajiaHc Mexay
JIHUOM
H
AOHOM
(B
= 5,
ZL
= 0,3;
0,5)
MoxeTflOCTHraTb3HaHeHHH
10:1 H
jiaxe
12:1.
He
3a6yaeM,
HTO
H
AHCB-
HOH,
H HOMHOH 3nH30abI CHHMaiOTCH
c/= 1:4
H
B = 5.
Bonpoc: B
4eM
(TexHOjiorHMecKH)
COCTOHT
OTJIHMMC
«AHeBHoro»
Kaapa OT
Kaapa
«BenepHero»,
«H04Horo»?
Omeem:
JLna yno6cTBa conocTaaneHHji «iiHeBHoro»
H
«HOHHoro»
KaapoB
B
BbiuienpHBeaeHHOM npHMepe 6buio ycTaHoaneHO oaHO 3Ha4eHne
aHacp-
110
Pa6oTa onepaTopa
co
CBCTOM
B
naBHjibOHe
XapaKTepHCTHsecxasi KpviBaa ci>eMKH
B
GojibtiHitioii
najiaTe,/
= 1.4
a
B
(upKOcmb)
8
caiHCMHoro n«THa
A
—
MaKCHManbHan
npKocTb
:
0
—
HpKOCTb
cojiHe^Horo
nHTHa
Ha
cTeHe
Q
—
HpKOCTb
(poHa (aeHb)
C —
KnioMeBaH
HpKOCTb
D
—
HpKOCTb
TeHH
Ha
jinue (aeHb)
E — HpKOCTb
TeHH
Ha
JIHUe
(HOMb)
F — HpKOCTb (pOHa
(HOMb)
P
—
MHHHMaJibHan
HpKOCTb
Puc.
61
parMbi
(/"=
1:4) H
OAHO
3HaneHHe
cBeTOBoro
KJiioMa
(B^
m
= 5).
3TH
3HaweHHH Hcno^b30BariHCb
B
o6enx .aeKopauHHX
H
«aHeM»,
H
«HOMbK)».
Ejiaroaapa 3T0My
Bee
OTJIHHHC
«flHeBHbix»
H
«HO4HMX»
3nH3oaoB
CBcnocb
K
cooTHomeHHto CBeTa
H
TCHH
Ha
;wiie
H K
COOTHOUICHHIO
CBeTa Ha JiHue
H (pOHa.
B
/weBHbix 3nH3oaax
CBCTOBOH
6ajiaHC Ha JiHue paBeH
5:3
(B
6ojib-
HHue)
H
5:2
(BTiopbMe).
MHane
roBopa,
KJiKweBaH HpKOCTb
cra6nnbHa,
a
HpKOCTb TeHH
HeCKO/lbKO «nO/IBHXHa»
B
3aBHCHMOCTH
OT
H306pa3H-
TeabHoro
peiueHHH.
<I>OH
aocTaTOHHO
CBCTJIMM
B
TiopbMe (no 3HaneHHH
6)
H
oqeHb apKHH
B
6oabHHue (no
7,5).
3TO
TaK Ha3biBaeMaH cBeT^as
raM-
111
Ma,
Koraa qboH
—
CBeTabin
H
Ha
HeM aonycTHMbi riHTHa
H
noaocw,
3HaHHTejibHO npeBbimaioiUHe
no
HPKOCTH
B
_.
3TH
HPKOCTH
(B
HaixreM
npwMepe) Moryr 6biTb
H 7, H 8 no
OCH
opaHHaT,
HO
He
Bbiuie
B
mx
.
rioacBeTKa TeHeft
jinua,
a
3HannT,
H
CBCTOBOH
6aaaHC,
MoaceT
B
pa3Hbix ycaoBnax 6biTb pa3aHMeH
(5:3
H
5:2),
HO
CBeTJiaa
raMMa
omy-
THMa
aaxe
B TiopbMe
npH cepwx KaMeHHbix
CTeHax.
IlpH CbeMKe
Be-
nepHero
HJIH
HOHHoro 3nH3oaa xapaKTepHa TeMHaa
raMMa.
I"ay6oKHe
TeHH Ha
JIHUe,
TCMHblH
(DOH,
HpKOCTH KOTOpOTO MOiyr
6blTb
3HaHH-
Te^bHO
HH)Ke,
MeM apKOCTbTeHen
Haanue.
HanpnMep,
0,5-0,3.
"Ho
He
HHxe
B
min
.
MHoraa
B
BenepHnx
H
HOKHMX
3nH3oaax repon KaK 6bi
«Bbin£maioT» H3 cBeTa
H
npw
3TOM
CMOTPHTCH
cnaysTaMH.
Bueod:
HTo6bi co3aaTb
B
Kaape
aHeBHoe
ocBeineHHe,
HyxHO BbiaepxaTb
Ha
anue
CBCTOBOH
6aaaHC
5:3, 5:2
(BbimenpHBeaeHHbiH
npHMep),
a
Taicxe
CBCTOBOH
6aaaHc
Meacay
JIHUOM
H
CDOHOM
B
COOTBCTCTBHH
CO
CBeTOTOHa^bHbiM peixieHHeM 3nH3oaoB
B
CBeT^ow
raMMe.
JXJIH
oiuymeHHJi BeqepHero
nan
HOHHoro
OCBCLUCHHH
Heo6xoanMa
TCM-
Han
raMMa.
B
HaixieM
npHMepe
apKO BbipaxeHHaa CBeTaaa
raMMa —
HHCM
B
6oabHHue.
(CBCTOBOH
6anaHC
Ha
anne
— 5:3,
CBCTOBOH
6aJiaHC Meacay
aM-
UOM
H
qboHOM
— 5:7,5). flpKO
BbipaJKeHnaa TeMHaa
raMMa —
HOMbio
B
TiopbMe.
(CBCTOBOH
6ajiaHC
Ha
anu.e
— 5:1,
CBCTOBOH
6aaaHC
MOtcay
JIHUOM
H
qbo-
HOM
—
5:0,3).
M
«flHCBHOH»,
H
«H0MH0H»
3nH30abl CHHMajlHCb npH OaHOM
3HaqeHHH
IOHOMCBOH
HPKOCTH
(5) H
npn oaHHaKOBOH anacpparMe
(/*= 1:4).
KaK
y*e
roBopnaocb,
oanHaKOBoe 3HaMeHHe
CBeTOBoro
Kaioqa,
paB-
Hoe
5,
npHHHManocb
B
BbiujenpHBeaeHHbix
npHMepax
Hcic/iiOHHTejibHO an»
yao6cTBa
conocraBaeHHH npneMa cieMOK
B
CBCT^OH
H
TCMHOH
TOHaabHO-
iIn3KHH
KJIIOM
—
CBemasi ToiiajibiiocTb (cBcrjiaH
raMMa)
B
(xpKocmb)
flpKMe
6j1MKH,
pe<}vieKCbi \
/-
1:4
ictiii imi,i
Puc.
62
Pa6oTa onepaTopa
co
CBCTOM
B
naBH/iboHe
»CTH
(B
CBCTJ10H
H
TCMHOH
raMMe)
H
npHMOH
3aBHCHMOCTH 3THX npHCMOB
•or CBeTOBoro
6aaaHca.
Ha npaKTHKe
onepaTopbi,
peman cHHTb snH3oa
B
CBeraoH TOHajibiiocTH
B
(B
CBCTJIOH
raMMe),
co3HaTejibHo cHimaiOT
ypoBeHb
KaioqeBoro
CBeTa,
ycra-
B-HaanHBaiOT
TaK Ha3biBaeMbiH
HH3KHH KJIIOM
(B
HaujHX
npHMepax
B
mm
= 4,
B
=2 npn B . = 0,3
H
B =8.
CBCTOBOH
6ajiaHC Ha JiHue
= 4:2).
llpn HH3KOM KJiioMe
B
BepxHen qacrn npflMOJiHHeHHoro yqacrKa
xapaKTe-
pncTHwecKOH KpMBOH ocTaeTCH
ropa3ao
6ojibine
«MecTa» (OT
4 no 8
Ha
rpacbiiKe) wn TiuaTcnbHOH HioaHCHpoBKH MHOxecTBa CBeTabix
noBepx-
HocTeii,
HPKHX
GJIHKOB
H
pedwieKcoB
B Kaape
(pnc
62).
BMCOKHH
KJHOM
—
icMiiasi loiiajibiiocib (iiMiiax
raMMa)
B
(xpKocmb)
/=1:4
HlOaHCHpOBKa TeMHblX
ynacTKOB Kaapa
12
Puc.
63
npH
cieMKe 3nH3oaa
B
TCMHOH
TOHajibHOCTH
(B
TCMHOH
raMMe)
CBe-
)BOH
icnioq,
Hao6opoT,
iioBbiuiaeTCH
(B
HaixiHx
npHMepax
no
B
mm
= 7,
iHua
=
2,5.
CBCTOBOH
6a/iaHC
Ha Jinue
npHMepHO
1:3).
3TO
TaK
Ha3WBa-
PCMblH
BblCOKHH
K/IIOH
(pHC.
63).
B
STOM
c/iywae
Ha
HH>KHCH
nacTH npflMO/iHHeHHoro ynacTKa
xapaKTe-
toHCTHqecKOH
KPHBOH
Taicxe
ocTaeTCH 6o^biue MecTa ana H36HpaTe/ibHOH
o6pa6oTKM cBeTOM TeMHbix noBepxHOCTen
Kaapa
(yqacroK Ha
rpa(pHKe
OT
0,3
ao
2,5).
3aecb
Heo6xoaHMO cKa3aTb
o
cBeTOTOHaabHOM
eaHHCTBe, KOTopoe
one-
parop aojixeH BbiaepxnBaTb
B
KaxaoM
3nH3oae.
HenpneMaeMo,
HanpHMep,
U
3nH3oae,
CHHMaeMOM
B
CBCTJIOH
raMMe, co3aaTb B
KaKOM-^H6o
Kaape
Ha
JiHue aKTepa
«HO
I
IHOM»
KOHTpacT (5:1)
RTIH
B
HOHHOM
3nH3oae
B
HeKOTopux
113
• -5413