Василевич Г.А. (ред.) Сборник нормативных правовых актов о труде. В 2 т. Том 1

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

650

oepe)em|

ã!3K/. …=!3ø…,L ä,“ö,Cë,…/, ƒ= *%2%!/ * !=K%2…,*=ì ì%›2

K/2ü C!,ì……% ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…,, C!ä3“ì%2!……%

" C3…*2 18 r“2="= % ä,“ö,Cë,… !=K%2…,*%" "…32!……ã%

"%ä…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü

m=!3ø…, ä,“ö,Cë,…/ j=2ã%!, !=K%2…,*%"

m=!3ø…, o!=",ë Cë="=…, C% "…32!……,ì *%ì=…ä…/L “%“2=" “3ä%"

"%ä…/ì C32 ì, r“2="= “ë3›K/ …= “3ä=.

"…32!……ã% "%ä…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2=, o!=",ë

2.…,÷“*%L .*“Cë3=2=ö,, "…32!……ã%

"%ä…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü,

C%"ë*ø ="=!,þ ,ë, ã,Këü ëþäL

m=!3ø…, o!=",ë Kƒ%C=“…%“2, 2!3ä= …= “3ä=. .*,C=›, “3ä%"

"…32!……ã% "%ä…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2=, ,…“2!3*ö,L

C% %K“ë3›,"=…,þ “3ä%"/. 3“2!%L“2" ,

ì.=…,ƒì%", C%"ë*ø 2!="ì,!%"=…, ,ë,

ã,Këü ëþäL, ="=!,þ, C%"!›ä…, “3ä%"

,ë, “%%!3›…,L " %KAì *=C,2=ëü…%ã% !ì%…2=

o!ä=÷= 3C!="ë…, “3ä…%ì C%“2%!%……,ì ë,ö=ì, *%ì=…ä…/L “%“2=" “3ä%"

… ,ìþ?,ì …= .2% “%%2"2“2"3þ?,. ä%*3ì…2%",

, ë,ö=ì " …2!ƒ"%ì “%“2% …,,

d%C3?…, “ë3÷=" C%›=!%" …= “3ä=. "“ëä“2", .*,C=›, “3ä%"

.=ë=2…%ã% %2…%ø…, * "/C%ë……,þ “ë3›K…/.

%K ƒ=……%“2L

h“C%ëüƒ%"=…, “3ä%" " ë,÷…/. öë . .*,C=›, “3ä%"

13.9. na npc`m`u bmrŠpemmhu dek

peqorakhjh aek`prq|

g=*%… p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü %2 17 ,þë 2007 ã. 1 263-g

(Íàöèîíàëüíûé ðååñòð ïðàâîâûõ àêòîâ Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü. 2007. ¹ 173. 2/1360)

(Èçâëå÷åíèå)

q 2 = 2 ü 32. o!%.%›ä…, “ë3›K/ “%2!3ä…,*=ì, %!ã=…%"

"…32!……,. äë

o%! ä%* , 3“ë%", C!%.%›ä…, “ë3›K/ " %!ã=…=. "…32!……,. äë,

" 2%ì ÷,“ë C!÷…ü “Cö,=ëü…/. ƒ"=…,L “%2!3ä…,*%" %!ã=…%" "…32!…-

…,. äë , C%! ä%* ,. C!,“"%…, , !ãë=ì…2,!3þ2“ o%ë%›…,ì % C!%-

.%›ä…,, “ë3›K/ " %!ã=…=. "…32!……,. äë, 32"!›ä=ì/ì o!ƒ,ä…-

2%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü.

651

q%2!3ä…,*, %!ã=…%" "…32!……,. äë … ì%ã32 K/2ü ÷ë…=ì, C%ë,2,-

÷“*,. C=!2,L , ä!3ã,. %K?“2"……/. %KAä,……,L, C!“ëä3þ?,. C%-

ë,2,÷“*, öë,.

q%2!3ä…,*3 %!ã=…%" "…32!……,. äë ƒ=C!?…% ƒ=…,ì=2ü“ ä!3ã%L

%Cë=÷,"=ì%L !=K%2%L (ä 2ëü…%“2üþ), *!%ì C!C%ä="=2ëü“*%L, …=3÷-

…%L, 2"%!÷“*%L ä 2ëü…%“2,, ìä,ö,…“*%L C!=*2,*,, %“3?“2"ë ì/.

C% “%ãë=“%"=…,þ “ !3*%"%ä,2ëì C%ä!=ƒäë…, %!ã=…%" "…32!……,. äë,

" *%2%!%ì “%2!3ä…,* C!%.%ä,2 “ë3›K3 (" %2…%ø…,, !3*%"%ä,2ë C%ä-

!=ƒäë…, %!ã=…%" "…32!……,. äë>$ C% “%ãë=“%"=…,þ “ ã% …C%“!ä-

“2"……/ì …=÷=ëü…,*%ì).

q 2 = 2 ü 33. që3›K…= ä,“ö,Cë,…= " %!ã=…=. "…32!……,. äë

që3›K…= ä,“ö,Cë,…= " %!ã=…=. "…32!……,. äë !ã3ë,!32“ d,“-

ö,Cë,…=!…/ì 3“2="%ì %!ã=…%" "…32!……,. äë, 32"!›ä=ì/ì o!ƒ,-

ä…2%ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü.

13.10. onknfemhe

n dhq0hokhme p`anŠmhjnb fekegmndnpnfmncn

Šp`mqonpŠ` peqorakhjh aek`prq|

r2"!›ä…% C%“2=…%"ë…,ì q%"2= l,…,“2!%" p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü

%2 29 “…2 K! 1993 ã. 1 656, “ ,ƒì. , ä%C. %2 29 ì=!2= 1996 ã. 1 226,

10 =C!ë 2000 ã. 1 485, 23 …% K! 2004 ã. 1 1486

(Çàðåã. â Íàöèîíàëüíîì ðååñòðå 19 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2001 ã., 5/8315;

Íàöèîíàëüíûé ðååñòð ïðàâîâûõ àêòîâ Ðåñïóáëèêè Áåëàðóñü. 2000. ¹ 37. 5/2954;

2004. ¹ 188. 5/15198)

nayhe onknfemh“

1. fëƒ…%ä%!%›…/L 2!=…“C%!2 "ë 2“ %“…%"%L 2!=…“C%!2…%L

“,“2ì/ !“C3Kë,*,. n2 ã% -3…*ö,%…,!%"=…, ƒ=",“,2 3ä%"ë2"%!…,

C%2!K…%“2L …=“ë…, , …=!%ä…%ã% .%ƒ L“2"= , %K%!%…/ !“C3Kë,*, " C-

!"%ƒ*=..

b öë . “"%"!ì……%L ä%“2="*, ã!3ƒ%" , C=““=›,!%", %K“C÷…,

Kƒ%C=“…%“2, ä",›…, C%ƒä%" %2 !=K%2…,*%" ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%ã% 2!=…“-

C%!2= 2!K32“ Kƒ3*%!,ƒ………% "/C%ë……, 2!3ä%"/. %K ƒ=……%“2L.

2. m=“2% ? o%ë%›…, !=“C!%“2!=… 2“ …= "“. !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,L ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2=, %2…%“ ?,.“ * “%K“2"……%“2,

p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü, …ƒ=",“,ì% %2 ,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,%……%-C!="%"%L -%!-

ì/, " 2%ì ÷,“ë , …= !=K%2…,*%" rC!="ë…, aë%!3““*%L ›ëƒ…%L

ä%!%ã,, ƒ= ,“*ëþ÷…,ì !=K%2…,*%" ›,ë,?…%-*%ìì3…=ëü…%ã% .%ƒ L“2"=

, K/2%"%ã% %K“ë3›,"=…, , “,“2ì/ !=K%÷ã% “…=K›…, , %K?“2"……%ã%

C,2=…, …= ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%ì 2!=…“C%!2*, ìä,*%-“=…,2=!…/. 3÷!›-

ä…,L, 3÷K…/. ƒ="ä…,L, …=3÷…%-,““ëä%"=2ëü“*,. , C!%*2…%-*%…“2-

!3*2%!“*,. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, K,Kë,%2*, ì2%ä,÷“*,. *=K,…2%", *3ëü23!-

* j 3*=ƒ=……%L *=2ã%!,, !=K%2…,*%" … %2…%“ 2“ !=K%2…,*, "=ã%…%"-!“2%!=…%".

652

…%-C!%“"2,2ëü…/., “C%!2,"…/. , ä2“*,. 3÷!›ä…,L, ä%ì%" (K=ƒ) %2-

ä/.=, “=…=2%!,"-C!%-,ë=*2%!,", “=…=2%!,", C=…“,%…=2%", “2!%,2ëü-

…/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, “ëü“*%ã% .%ƒ L“2"=, ƒ="%ä%", !ëü“%“"=!%÷…%ã% C%ƒä=,

ä%!%›…/. ì.=…,÷“*,. ì=“2!“*,. (…= !=K%2…,*%", … “" ƒ=……/. “ ä",-

›…,ì C%ƒä%"), ="2%K=ƒ/.

3. b .2%ì o%ë%›…,, %C!äë…/ %“%K/ 3“ë%", “%Këþä…, ä,“-

ö,Cë,…/ !=K%2…,*=ì, ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2=, *%2%!= “%“2%,2 "

C%ä÷,……,, ,. C%! ä*3, C!=",ë=ì , …%!ì=ì, 3“2=…%"ë……/ì ƒ=*%…%ä=-

2ëü“2"%ì, " "/C%ë……,, ,ì, C!,*=ƒ%" , 3*=ƒ=…,L m=÷=ëü…,*= aë%-

!3““*%L ›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,, !3*%"%ä,2ëL %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%-

ã% 2!=…“C%!2= (ä=ë ,ì…3þ2“ !3*%"%ä,2ë,), = 2=*› %K ƒ=……%“2L,

C!ä3“ì%2!……/. 2!3ä%"/ì, ä%ã%"%!=ì,.

4. p=K%2…,* %K ƒ=…:

"/C%ë… 2ü C!=",ë= "…32!……ã% 2!3ä%"%ã% !=“C%! ä*=;

%K“C÷,"=2ü Kƒ%C=“…%“2ü ä",›…, C%ƒä%" , ì=…"!%"%L !=K%2/,

“"%"!ì……3þ ä%“2="*3 ã!3ƒ%" , C=““=›,!%", “%Këþä=2ü ã!=-,* ä",›-

…, C%ƒä%", “%*!=?=2ü C!%“2%, C%ä",›…%ã% “%“2="=;

K!÷ü 2.…,÷“*, “!ä“2"= ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2= (ë%*%ì%-

2,"/, "=ã%…/, C32ü, “!ä“2"= “" ƒ, , ä!3ã,), = 2=*› %K%!3ä%"=…,, ì=2-

!,=ë/ , %KA*2/ ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L “%K“2"……%“2, p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü,

%K“C÷,"=2ü “%.!=……%“2ü C!"%ƒ,ì/. ã!3ƒ%", K=ã=›= , ""!……%ã% ,ì3-

?“2"=, C!,…,ì=2ü ì!/ C% C!ä3C!›ä…,þ , C!“÷…,þ “ë3÷=" ,.

.,?…, ;

"/C%ë… 2ü C!=",ë= , …%!ì/ C% 2.…,* Kƒ%C=“…%“2,, %.!=… 2!3ä=

, %*!3›=þ?L C!,!%ä…%L “!ä/;

C!% "ë 2ü ƒ=K%23 % C=““=›,!=., %K“C÷,"= "/“%*3þ *3ëü23!3 %K-

“ë3›,"=…, ;

ƒ…=2ü , “%Këþä=2ü 2!K%"=…, …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, .

5. p3*%"%ä,2ëü %K ƒ=…:

C!=",ëü…% %!ã=…,ƒ%"/"=2ü !=K%23 C%ä÷,………/., ÷2*% %2ä="=2ü C!,-

*=ƒ/ , !=“C%! ›…, , C!%"! 2ü ,. 2%÷…% , “"%"!ì……% "/C%ë…-

…,, 3äë %“%K% "…,ì=…, "%C!%“=ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, Kƒ%C=“…%ã% ä",›-

…, C%ƒä%" , ì=…"!%"%L !=K%2/, %.!=…/ 2!3ä= , 2.…,*, Kƒ%C=“…%“2,,

C!,…,ì=2ü ì!/ C% …=3÷…%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, 2!3ä= , 3C!="ë…, ;

%K“C÷,"=2ü “%Këþä…, !›,ì= .*%…%ì,,, !=ö,%…=ëü…% ,“C%ëü-

ƒ%"=…, ì=2!,=ëü…/. !“3!“%", “%.!=……%“2ü C!"%ƒ,ì/. ã!3ƒ%", K=ã=-

›= , ""!……%ã% ,ì3?“2"=, "/ "ë 2ü , 3“2!=… 2ü C!,÷,…/ , 3“ë%", ,

“C%“%K“2"3þ?, ,. 32!=2, C%!÷ , .,?…,þ;

ä%K,"=2ü“ C%"/ø…, 3!%"… ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L , 2!3ä%"%L ä,“ö,C-

ë,…/, “%*!=?…, C%2!ü !=K%÷ã% "!ì…, , 2*3÷“2, *=ä!%", C%%?-

! 2ü %2ë,÷,"ø,.“ C% “ë3›K !=K%2…,*%" , “2!%ã% "ƒ/“*,"=2ü “ …=!3-

ø,2ëL ä,“ö,Cë,…/, K/2ü ÷32*,ì * ëþä ì, ,. …3›ä=ì , ƒ=C!%“=ì;

C%ä="=2ü C!,ì! ä%K!%“%"“2…%ã% %2…%ø…, * "/C%ë……,þ “ë3›K-

…%ã% ä%ëã=, = 2=*› ä%“2%L…%ã% C%"ä…, *=* …= “ë3›K, 2=* , "… .

653

6. p3*%"%ä ?,L “%“2=" , !=K%2…,*,, “" ƒ=……/ “ %K“ë3›,"=…,ì

C=““=›,!%", ã!3ƒ%%2C!=",2ëL , ã!3ƒ%C%ë3÷=2ëL, ä",›…,ì C%ƒä%"

, ì=…"!%"%L !=K%2%L, C%ë3÷=þ?, -%!ì……3þ %ä›ä3 …= ëüã%2…/. 3“-

ë%", ., C!, "/C%ë……,, 2!3ä%"/. %K ƒ=……%“2L ä%ë›…/ K/2ü %ä2/ C%

-%!ì, “ë, äë …,. … 3“2=…%"ë…= “Cö,=ëü…= C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"……= %ä›ä=.

onnypemh“

7. p=K%2…,*, C%%?! þ2“ ƒ= %K!=ƒö%"% "/C%ë……, 2!3ä%"/. %K -

ƒ=……%“2L, 3ë3÷ø…, *=÷“2"= !=K%2/, C%"/ø…, C!%,ƒ"%ä,2ëü…%“2,

2!3ä=, …%"=2%!“2"%, ,…,ö,=2,"3, %K“C÷…, “%.!=……%“2, C!"%ƒ,ì/.

ã!3ƒ%" , K=ã=›=, K!›…% %2…%ø…, * ""!……%ì3 ,ì3?“2"3, C!%ä%ë-

›,2ëü…3þ , Kƒ3C!÷…3þ !=K%23.

8. dë !=K%2…,*%" C!,ì… þ2“ “ëä3þ?, ",ä/ C%%?!…,L:

%KA "ë…, Kë=ã%ä=!…%“2, 3“2…% ,ë, " C!,*=ƒ;

"/ä=÷= C!ì,,;

…=ã!=›ä…, ö……/ì C%ä=!*%ì;

…=ã!=›ä…, C%÷2…%L ã!=ì%2%L;

C!,“"%…, ƒ"=…, ë3÷øã% !=K%2…,*= C% C!%-““,, ,ë, ä!3ã,. ƒ"=-

…,L ƒ= 3“C., " !=K%2;

…=ã!=›ä…, …=ã!3ä…/ì ƒ…=*%ì &o%÷2…%ì3 ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…,*3[;

…=ã!=›ä…, …=ã!3ä…/ì ƒ…=÷*%ì &n2ë,÷…/L !=K%2…,* aë%!3““*%L

›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,[.

d%C3“*=2“ %ä…%"!ì……% C!,ì……, …“*%ëü*,. ",ä%" C%%?!…,L.

9. g= %“%K/ 2!3ä%"/ ƒ=“ë3ã, !=K%2…,*, C!ä“2="ë þ2“ " 3“2=…%"-

ë……%ì C%! ä* * ã%“3ä=!“2"……/ì …=ã!=ä=ì p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü.

10. o%! ä%* C%%?!…, !=K%2…,*%":

C!="% %KA "ë…, 3“2…%L Kë=ã%ä=!…%“2, ,ì2 *=›ä/L !3*%"%ä,2ëü;

%KA "ë…, Kë=ã%ä=!…%“2, " C!,*=ƒ, "/ä=÷= C!ì,,, …=ã!=›ä…,

ö……/ì C%ä=!*%ì, C%÷2…%L ã!=ì%2%L C!%,ƒ"%ä 2“ !3*%"%ä,2ëì,

,ìþ?,ì C!="% C!,ì= …= !=K%23 ä=……%ã% !=K%2…,*=. p3*%"%ä,2ëü ì%›2

C!,ì… 2ü ä!3ã%L ",ä C%%?!…, , C!ä3“ì%2!……/L *%ëë*2,"…/ì ä%-

ã%"%!%ì;

ƒ"=…, ë3÷øã% !=K%2…,*= C% C!%-““,, , ä!3ã, ƒ"=…, ƒ= 3“C., "

!=K%2 C!,“"=,"=þ2“ " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä*;

…=ã!3ä…/ì ƒ…=*%ì &o%÷2…%ì3 ›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…,*3[ …=ã!=›ä=þ2“

C!,*=ƒ%ì m=÷=ëü…,*= aë%!3““*%L ›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,.

o%%?!…, %KA "ë þ2“ " C!,*=ƒ , "…%“ 2“ " 2!3ä%"3þ *…,›*3

!=K%2…,*=.

11. b/ø“2% ?ì3 !3*%"%ä,2ëþ C!ä%“2="ë…% C!="% C%%?!…,

!=K%2…,*%" C%ä"ä%ì“2"……/. %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L " C%ë…%ì %KAì.

12. o!÷…ü ä%ë›…%“2…/. ë,ö, ,ìþ?,. C!="% %KA "ë…, 3“2…%L

Kë=ã%ä=!…%“2, ë,÷…%ì3 “%“2="3 "%…,ƒ,!%"=……%L %.!=…/, 3“2=…="ë,"=-

2“ m=÷=ëü…,*%ì aë%!3““*%L ›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,.

654

dhq0hokhm`pm{e bg{qj`mh“

13. d,“ö,Cë,…=!…/ì C!%“23C*%ì "ë 2“ C!%2,"%C!="…%, ",…%"-

…% …,“C%ë……, ,ë, ……=äë›=? ,“C%ë……, !=K%2…,*%ì “"%,. 2!3-

ä%"/. %K ƒ=……%“2L.

g= *=›ä/L ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…/L C!%“23C%* ì%›2 K/2ü C!,ì……% 2%ëü-

*% %ä…% ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…,.

14. g= “%"!ø…, ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ã% C!%“23C*= * !=K%2…,*3 ì%ã32

C!,ì… 2ü“ C%ì,ì% C!ä3“ì%2!……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì p“C3Kë,*,

aë=!3“ü % 2!3ä “ëä3þ?, ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…/ "ƒ/“*=…, :

ë,ø…, ì=ø,…,“2= “",ä2ëü“2"= …= C!="% 3C!="ë…, ë%*%ì%2,-

"%ì (ì%2%!-"=ã%……/ì C%ä",›…/ì “%“2="%ì), "%ä,2ë $ “",ä2ëü“2"=

…= C!="% 3C!="ë…, ì%2%!…%-!ëü“%"/ì 2!=…“C%!2%ì …“Aì…%ã% 2,C=,

= C%ì%?…,*= ì=ø,…,“2= ë%*%ì%2,"= (ì%2%!-"=ã%……%ã% C%ä",›…%ã% “%-

“2="=) $ “",ä2ëü“2"= C%ì%?…,*= ì=ø,…,“2= …= “!%* %2 2!. ì“ ö" ä%

%ä…%ã% ã%ä= “ C!"%ä%ì …= ä!3ã3þ !=K%23 …= .2%2 › “!%* C% %“…%"=…, ì

, " C%! ä*, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ì " =Kƒ=ö=. C!"%ì , "2%!%ì C3…*2= 15

…=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, ;

%“"%K%›ä…, %2 "/C%ë… ì%L !=K%2/, ƒ=…,ì=ì%L ä%ë›…%“2,, “" -

ƒ=……%L “ .*“Cë3=2=ö,%……%L !=K%2%L ›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã, ,ë, ,…%L !=K%-

2%L C% %K“C÷…,þ Kƒ%C=“…%“2, ä",›…, C%ƒä%" , ì=…"!%"%L !=K%-

2/, “%.!=……%“2, C!"%ƒ,ì/. ã!3ƒ%", K=ã=›= , ""!……%ã% ,ì3?“2"=,

%.!=…/ %KA*2%", “ C!ä%“2="ë…,ì !=K%2/ “ 3÷2%ì C!%-““,, (“Cö,-

=ëü…%“2,) C% %“…%"=…, ì, ,ƒë%›……/ì " C3…*2 16 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%-

›…, ;

3"%ëü……, C% %“…%"=…, ì, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ì " C3…*2 17 …=“2% -

?ã% o%ë%›…, .

m ä%C3“*=2“ C!"%ä !=K%2…,*= " ",ä ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ã% "ƒ/“*=-

…, …= !=K%23, *%2%!= C!%2,"%C%*=ƒ=…= ì3 C% “%“2% …,þ ƒä%!%"ü “%-

ãë=“…% ìä,ö,…“*%ì3 ƒ=*ëþ÷…,þ.

15. d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, " ",ä ë,ø…, ì=ø,…,“2= “",ä-

2ëü“2"= …= C!="% 3C!="ë…, ë%*%ì%2,"%ì (ì%2%!-"=ã%……/ì C%ä",›-

…/ì “%“2="%ì), "%ä,2ë $ “",ä2ëü“2"= …= C!="% 3C!="ë…, ì%2%!…%-

!ëü“%"/ì 2!=…“C%!2%ì …“Aì…%ã% 2,C=, C%ì%?…,*= ì=ø,…,“2= ë%*%-

ì%2,"= (ì%2%!-"=ã%……%ã% C%ä",›…%ã% “%“2="=) $ “",ä2ëü“2"= C%ì%?…,-

*= ì=ø,…,“2= …= “!%* %2 2!. ì“ ö" ä% %ä…%ã% ã%ä= ì%›2 K/2ü C!,ì-

……% ƒ= “%"!ø…, ,ì, C!%“23C*=, *%2%!/L “%ƒä=ë 3ã!%ƒ3 *!3ø…, ,ë,

="=!,,.

o!, .2%ì %ä…%"!ì……% “ ë,ø…,ì “",ä2ëü“2"= ì=ø,…,“2 C!-

"%ä,2“ …= ä!3ã3þ !=K%23 " *=÷“2" C%ì%?…,*= ì=ø,…,“2=, “ë“=! ,ë,

*%÷ã=!=, = "%ä,2ëü , C%ì%?…,* ì=ø,…,“2= $ …= !=K%23, … “" ƒ=……3þ “

.*“Cë3=2=ö,L 2!=…“C%!2…%ã% “!ä“2"=, …= “!%* ã% ë,ø…, .

b “ë3÷= “%"!ø…, C!%“23C*=, *%2%!/L C!,"ë * *!3ø…,þ ,ë,

="=!,,, C% "ë…, …= !=K%2 " …2!ƒ"%ì “%“2% …,,, " “%“2% …,, …=!*%-

2,÷“*%ã% ,ë, 2%*“,÷“*%ã% %Cü ……, ì=ø,…,“2, "%ä,2ëü ì%2%!…%-!ëü-

“%"%ã% 2!=…“C%!2= …“Aì…%ã% 2,C= , C%ì%?…,* ì=ø,…,“2= %2“2!=… þ2-

“ %2 !=K%2/ , * …,ì ì%›2 K/2ü C!,ì……% ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=-

…,, 3*=ƒ=……% " =Kƒ=ö ÷2"!2%ì C3…*2= 14 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, .

655

16. d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, " ",ä %“"%K%›ä…, !=K%2…,*= %2

"/C%ë… ì%L !=K%2/, ƒ=…,ì=ì%L ä%ë›…%“2, “ C%“ëä3þ?,ì C!ä%“-

2="ë…,ì ì3 !=K%2/ “ 3÷2%ì C!%-““,, (“Cö,=ëü…%“2,) ì%›2 C!,-

ì… 2ü“ * !=K%2…,*=ì ƒ= %ä…%*!=2…% …=!3ø…, ä,“ö,Cë,…/, 3ã!%›=-

þ? Kƒ%C=“…%“2, ä",›…, C%ƒä%" , ì=…"!%"%L !=K%2/, ›,ƒ…, , ƒä%-

!%"üþ ëþäL, ,ë, ƒ= %ä…%*!=2…% …=!3ø…, C!=",ë, 3“2=…%"ë……/. äë

C!"%ƒ*, , %K“ë3›,"=…, C=““=›,!%", %K“C÷…, “%.!=……%“2, C!"%-

ƒ,ì/. ã!3ƒ%", K=ã=›=, ,…%ã% ""!……%ã% ,ì3?“2"=, %.!=…/ %KA*2%".

17. d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, " ",ä 3"%ëü……, ì%›2 …=ë=ã=2ü-

“ *!%ì “ë3÷=", C!ä3“ì%2!……/. äL“2"3þ?,ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì %

2!3ä, 2=*› ƒ= ã!3K% …=!3ø…, !=K%2…,*%ì ä,“ö,Cë,…/, C!,"äø *

*!3ø…,þ ,ë, ="=!,, C%ƒä%", " !ƒ3ëü2=2 ÷ã% C!,÷,…… "!ä ›,ƒ…, ,

ƒä%!%"üþ ëþäL ,ë, … %K“C÷…= “%.!=……%“2ü ã!3ƒ%", K=ã=›= , ""!…-

…%ã% ,ì3?“2"=.

o!,ë=ã=ì/L * …=“2% ?ì3 o%ë%›…,þ C!÷…ü ã!3K/. …=!3ø-

…,L ä,“ö,Cë,…/, ƒ= *%2%!/ * !=K%2…,*=ì ì%›2 K/2ü C!,ì……% 3*=-

ƒ=……% ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…,, 32"!›ä=2“ m=÷=ëü…,*%ì aë%!3“-

“*%L ›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,.

r"%ëü……, !=K%2…,*= C!%,ƒ"%ä,2“ " C%! ä*, %C!äë……%ì äL-

“2"3þ?,ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì , …=“2% ?,ì o%ë%›…,ì.

18. d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, …= !=K%2…,*= ì%›2 …=ë=ã=2ü !3*%-

"%ä,2ëü, ,ìþ?,L C!="% C!,ì= ã% …= !=K%23.

19. j=›ä/L "/ø“2% ?,L !3*%"%ä,2ëü ì%›2 C%ë…%“2üþ %“3?-

“2"ë 2ü C!,…=äë›=? …,›“2% ?,ì !3*%"%ä,2ë ì C!="% …=ë%›-

…, ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ã% "ƒ/“*=…, …= !=K%2…,*%" C%ä÷,………/. ì3 %!ã=-

…,ƒ=ö,L.

20. g=ì“2,2ë, m=÷=ëü…,*= aë%!3““*%L ›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,, " 2%ì

÷,“ë ãë="…/L ,…›…!, ì%ã32 …=ë=ã=2ü ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…/ "ƒ/“*=…, "

",ä ƒ=ì÷=…, , "/ã%"%!=, …= !=K%2…,*%" %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L C%ä"ä%ì“2"…-

…/. %2!=“ëL .%ƒ L“2"=.

o!÷…ü ä%ë›…%“2…/. ë,ö, ,ìþ?,. C!="% …=ë=ã=2ü ä,“ö,Cë,…=!-

…/ "ƒ/“*=…, …= ë,÷…/L “%“2=" "%…,ƒ,!%"=……%L %.!=…/ aë%!3““*%L

›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,, 3“2=…="ë,"=2“ m=÷=ëü…,*%ì ä%!%ã,.

aƒ “%%2"2“2"3þ?ã% "%ƒäL“2", !3*%"%ä,2ë … ä%ë›… %“2="=2ü“

…, %ä,… ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…/L C!%“23C%*.

p3*%"%ä,2ëü, … ,“C%ëüƒ3þ?,L ,ë, C!"/“,"ø,L C!ä%“2="ë…-

…/ ì3 C!="=, …“2 %2"2“2"……%“2ü " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä*.

21. p=K%2…,*, “%"!ø,"ø,L C!%“23C%*, 3ã!%›=þ?,L Kƒ%C=“…%“2,

ä",›…, C%ƒä%" , ì=…"!%"%L !=K%2/, ›,ƒ…, , ƒä%!%"üþ ëþäL, %2-

“2!=… 2“ %2 !=K%2/ …= .2%2 !=K%÷,L ä…ü (“ì…3) ä%ë›…%“2…/ì ë,ö%ì,

"/C%ë… þ?,ì !=“C%! ä,2ëü…/ ,ë, *%…2!%ëü…%-,…“C*2%!“*, -3…*-

ö,, …= ä=……%ì 3÷=“2*, “ …ìäë……/ì 3"ä%ìë…,ì %K .2%ì “%%2"2-

“2"3þ?ã% !3*%"%ä,2ë . b 3"ä%ìë…,, ä%ë›…/ K/2ü C%ä!%K…% ,ƒë%-

›…/ C!,÷,…/ , %K“2% 2ëü“2"=, "/ƒ"="ø, .2% %2“2!=……,.

656

22. b %2“32“2", “%%2"2“2"3þ?,. !3*%"%ä,2ëL ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…/

"ƒ/“*=…, ì%ã32 …=ë=ã=2ü“ ä%ë›…%“2…/ì, ë,ö=ì,, %-,ö,=ëü…% "/-

C%ë… þ?,ì, ,. %K ƒ=……%“2,.

23. d% C!,ì……, ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ã% "ƒ/“*=…, !3*%"%ä,2ëü %K -

ƒ=… "““2%!%…… , %KA*2,"…% !=ƒ%K!=2ü“ " C!,÷,…=. ä%C3?……%ã% C!%-

“23C*=, C!ä"=!,2ëü…% ƒ=2!K%"=" %2 !=K%2…,*=, “%"!ø,"øã% ã%, C,“ü-

ì……% %KA “……,. n2*=ƒ %2 ä=÷, ã% … %“"%K%›ä=2 ",…%"…%ã% %2 ä,“-

ö,Cë,…=!…%L %2"2“2"……%“2,.

o!, "/K%! ì!/ ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ã% "ƒ/“*=…, ä%ë›…/ 3÷,2/"=2ü-

“ 2 ›“2ü ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ã% C!%“23C*=, %K“2% 2ëü“2"=, C!, *%2%!/. %…

“%"!ø…, “2C…ü ",…/, C!äø“2"3þ?= !=K%2= , C%"ä…, !=K%2…,*=

…= C!%,ƒ"%ä“2". o!, ã% …=ë%›…,, !3*%"%ä,2ëü %K ƒ=… “%Këþä=2ü C!=-

",ë= “ë3›K…%L .2,*, , … ä%C3“*=2ü 3…,›…, ä%“2%,…“2"= C%ä÷,……-

…%ã%.

24. o!,ì……, ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ã% "ƒ/“*=…, … %“"%K%›ä=2 !=K%2-

…,*=, “%"!ø,"øã% C!%“23C%*, %2 ,…%L %2"2“2"……%“2,, 3“2=…%"ë……%L

äL“2"3þ?,ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì.

d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, ì%›2 “%÷2=2ü“ %ä…%"!ì……% “ ë,ø-

…,ì C!ì,,, "%ƒ…=ã!=›ä…, C% ,2%ã=ì !=K%2/ ƒ= ã%ä , ä!3ã,ì, ì!=-

ì,, C!ä3“ì%2!……/ì, ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì , *%ëë*2,"…/ì ä%ã%"%!%ì.

25. d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, …=ë=ã=2“ … C%ƒä… %ä…%ã% ì“ ö=

“% ä… %K…=!3›…, C!%“23C*=, … “÷,2= "!ì…, …=.%›ä…, !=K%2…,-

*= " C32, “ëä%"=…, " C=““=›,!“*,. ,ë, ã!3ƒ%"/. C%ƒä=., "!ì…,

K%ëƒ…,, C!K/"=…, " %2C3“*, = 2=*› "!ì…, ,“C%ëüƒ%"=…, !=K%2…,-

*%ì “3ìì,!%"=……/. ä…L %2ä/.=.

o!, C!ä=÷ ì=2!,=ë%" " %!ã=…/ ä%ƒ…=…, ,ë, C!ä"=!,2ëü…%ã%

“ëä“2", 2=*% "ƒ/“*=…, …=ë=ã=2“ … C%ƒä… %ä…%ã% ì“ ö= “% ä…

%2*=ƒ= " "%ƒK3›ä…,, ,ë, C!*!=?…,, 3ã%ë%"…%ã% äë=.

d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, … ì%›2 …=ë=ã=2ü“ C%ƒä… ø“2, ì“ -

ö", = C% !ƒ3ëü2=2=ì !",ƒ,, -,…=…“%"%-.%ƒ L“2"……%L ä 2ëü…%“2, $

C%ƒä… ä"3. ë2 “% ä… “%"!ø…, C!%“23C*=. b .2%2 “!%* … "*ëþ÷=2-

“ "!ì C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= C% 3ã%ë%"…%ì3 äë3.

26. p=K%2…,*, ì%ã32 %K!=?=2ü“ " *%ì,““,þ C% 2!3ä%"/ì “C%!=ì

,ë, " 3“2=…%"ë……/. ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü…/ì, =*2=ì, “ë3÷= . " “3ä " 2!.ì-

“ ÷…/L “!%* “% ä… , *%ãä= %…, 3ƒ…=ë, ,ë, ä%ë›…/ K/ë, 3ƒ…=2ü % …=!3-

ø…,, “"%ã% C!="=, = C% äë3 %K 3"%ëü……,, $ " “3ä " ì“ ÷…/L “!%* “%

ä… "!3÷…, *%C,, C!,*=ƒ= %K 3"%ëü……,, ,ë, “% ä… "/ä=÷, 2!3ä%"%L

*…,›*, “ ƒ=C,“üþ %K %“…%"=…,, C!*!=?…, 2!3ä%"%ã% ä%ã%"%!= ë,K% “%

ä… %2*=ƒ= " "/ä=÷ ,ë, C%ë3÷…,, 3*=ƒ=……/. ä%*3ì…2%".

27. e“ë, !=K%2…,* " 2÷…, ã%ä= “% ä… C!,ì……, ä,“ö,Cë,…=!-

…%ã% "ƒ/“*=…, … C%ä"!ã=ë“ …%"%ì3 ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ì3 "ƒ/“*=…,þ, %…

“÷,2=2“ … C%ä"!ã="ø,ì“ ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…%ì3 "ƒ/“*=…,þ, %ä…=*% .2%

… "ë÷2 ƒ= “%K%L "%““2=…%"ë…, " ä%ë›…%“2, !=K%2…,*=, %“"%K%›ä…-

…%ã% %2 ƒ=…,ì=ì%L ä%ë›…%“2, ,ë, 3"%ë……%ã% " “%%2"2“2",, “ =Kƒ=ö=-

ì, 2!2ü,ì , ÷2"!2/ì C3…*2= 14 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, .

657

e“ë, !=K%2…,* … ä%C3“2,ë …%"%ã% …=!3ø…, 2!3ä%"%L ä,“ö,Cë,-

…/ , C!% ",ë ä%K!%“%"“2…% %2…%ø…, * 2!3ä3, …=ë%›……% …= …ã%

ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…, ì%›2 K/2ü “… 2% ä% ,“2÷…, ã%ä=.

o!ä "%““2=…%"ë…,ì !=K%2…,*= …= !=K%2, “" ƒ=……%L “ ä",›…,-

ì C%ƒä%" , ì=…"!%"%L !=K%2%L, %… ä%ë›… "/ä!›=2ü 3“2=…%"ë……/

,“C/2=…, . b 2%ì “ë3÷=, “ë, !=K%2…,* ä"=›ä/ … "/ä!›,2 ,., %…

C!"%ä,2“ (“ ã% “%ãë=“, ) …= ä!3ã3þ !=K%23 “ 3÷2%ì C!%-““,, (“Cö,-

=ëü…%“2,), = C!, %2*=ƒ %2 C!"%ä= ì%›2 K/2ü 3"%ë… " C%! ä*, 3“2=-

…%"ë……%ì äL“2"3þ?,ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì.

h“C/2=…, … C!%"%ä 2“ , “ë, C!!/" " !=K%2, “" ƒ=……%L “ ä",-

›…,ì C%ƒä%" , ì=…"!%"%L !=K%2%L, … C!"/“,ë 2!. ì“ ö".

28. Š!3ä%"/ “C%!/ !=K%2…,*%" aë%!3““*%L ›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã, C%

"%C!%“=ì …=ë%›…, ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…/. "ƒ/“*=…,L !=““ì=2!,"=þ2“ *%-

ì,““, ì, C% 2!3ä%"/ì “C%!=ì %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,L, !=L%……/ì, (ã%!%ä“*,ì,)

“3ä=ì, " C%! ä*, C!ä3“ì%2!……%ì ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü“2"%ì % 2!3ä.

d,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…,, …=ë%›……% …= !=K%2…,*= " C%! ä*,

%C!äë……%ì =Kƒ=öì ÷2"!2/ì C3…*2= 14 …=“2% ?ã% o%ë%›…, ,

ì%›2 K/2ü %K›=ë%"=…% …C%“!ä“2"……% " !=L%……/L (ã%!%ä“*%L) “3ä.

oepe)em|

ã!3K/. …=!3ø…,L ä,“ö,Cë,…/, ƒ= *%2%!/ * !=K%2…,*=ì ì%›2

K/2ü C!,ì……% ä,“ö,Cë,…=!…% "ƒ/“*=…,, C!ä3“ì%2!……%

" C3…*2 17 o%ë%›…, % ä,“ö,Cë,… !=K%2…,*%"

›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2= p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü

m=!3ø…, ä,“ö,Cë,…/ j=2ã%!, !=K%2…,*%"

o!%ƒä ƒ=C!?=þ?ã% “,ã…=ë=, ì=ø,…,“2 ë%*%ì%2,"=,

C%"ë*ø,L *!3ø…,, ="=!,þ ì%2%!-"=ã%……%ã% C%ä",›…%ã% “%“2="=,

"%ä,2ëü ì%2%!…%-!ëü“%"%ã% 2!=…“C%!2=

…“Aì…%ã% 2,C=

o!"/ø…, 3“2=…%"ë……%L “*%!%“2, ì=ø,…,“2 ë%*%ì%2,"=,

ä",›…, , C%"ë*ø *!3ø…,, ì%2%!-"=ã%……%ã% C%ä",›…%ã% “%“2="=,

="=!,þ "%ä,2ëü ì%2%!…%-!ëü“%"%ã% 2!=…“C%!2=

…“Aì…%ã% 2,C=

m=!3ø…, C%! ä*= %C!%K%"=…, ì=ø,…,“2 ë%*%ì%2,"=,

="2%2%!ì%ƒ%" , C!%"!*, ,. ì%2%!-"=ã%……%ã% C%ä",›…%ã% “%“2="=,

äL“2", " C32, “ëä%"=…, , "%ä,2ëü ì%2%!…%-!ëü“%"%ã% 2!=…“C%!2=

C%"ë*ø *!3ø…,, ="=!,þ …“Aì…%ã% 2,C=, %“ì%2!?,* "=ã%…%"

n2C!="ë…, C%ƒä= …= ƒ=… 2/L C%ƒä…%L ä,“C2÷! …= 3÷=“2* “

C!ã%… ,ë, C!,ì …= ƒ=… 2/L C32ü, ä,“C2÷!“*%L “,ã…=ë,ƒ=ö,L,

C!,ì , %2C!="ë…, C%ƒä= C% ä›3!…/L C% “2=…ö,,, “2=!ø,L

…ã%2%"%ì3 ì=!ø!323, C!"%ä ä›3!…/L (ä›3!…/L) “2!ë%÷…%ã%

“2!ë*, C%ä C%ƒä%ì, 3.%ä C%“2=, “%“2=",2ëü C%ƒä%",

C%ä",›…%ã% “%“2="= …= ì=!ø!32 *%…ä3*2%!, “,ã…=ë,“2, “2=!ø,L

C!,ì= ,ë, %2C!="ë…, C%ƒä%" , !ã3ë,!%"?,* (!ã3ë,!%"?,*)

…= C!ã%…, C!%C3“* ÷!ƒ “*%!%“2, ä",›…, "=ã%…%",

“%!2,!%"%÷…/ ã%!*, Kƒ ë%*%ì%2,"= .ë*2!%ì.=…,* “,ã…=ë,ƒ=ö,,,

658

"=ã%…%" “ !=ƒ! ä…/ì, , %C=“…/ì, ö…2!=ë,ƒ=ö,, , Kë%*,!%"*,,

ã!3ƒ=ì,, ,ìþ?,. %2ì2*3 " ä›3!…/L C% “%!2,!%"%÷…%L

C!"%ƒ%÷…/. ä%*3ì…2=. &“ ã%!*, ã%!*, %C!=2%! “%!2,!%"%÷…%L

… “C3“*=2ü[, …C!%“2="ë…, " ã%!*,, C%ì%?…,* “%“2=",2ë

C!"%ƒ%÷…/. ä%*3ì…2=. , …=23!…/. C%ƒä%", 2%"=!…/L *=““,!,

ë,“2=. ø2ìCë &“ ã%!*, … %C!=2%! “2=…ö,%……%ã%

“C3“*=2ü[ C%"ë*ø, 2!="ì,!%"=…, 2.…%ë%ã,÷“*%ã% ö…2!=

,ë, ã,Këü ëþäL, *!3ø…,, %K!=K%2*, C%ƒä…%L ,…-%!ì=ö,,

="=!,þ, C%"!›ä…, C%ä",›…%ã% , C!"%ƒ%÷…/. ä%*3ì…2%"

“%“2="= ,ë, ,…/. %K3“2!%L“2"

›ëƒ…%ä%!%›…%ã% 2!=…“C%!2= "

%KAì *=C,2=ëü…%ã% !ì%…2=

n2C!="ë…, C%ƒä= “ C!*!/2/ì, %“ì%2!?,* "=ã%…%"

*%…ö"/ì, *!=…=ì, 2%!ì%ƒ…%L

ì=ã,“2!=ë,

m%ã!=›ä…, “,ã…=ë=ì, %“2=…%"*, !3*%"%ä,2ë, !=K%2:

ì“2= C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"= C32"/. !=K%2, C!%,ƒ"%ä,2ëü !=K%2, “2=!ø,L

C%"ë*ø 2!="ì,!%"=…, ,ë, ã,Këü ä%!%›…/L ì=“2!, ä%!%›…/L

ëþäL, *!3ø…,, ="=!,þ ì=“2!, K!,ã=ä,! C32,, …= *%2%!/.

" 3“2=…%"ë……%ì C%! ä* …C%“!ä“2-

"……% "%ƒë%›…% "/C%ë……,

%K ƒ=……%“2L C% %ã!=›ä…,þ

ì“2= !=K%2 “,ã…=ë=ì,

m=ƒä …= C!ƒä, %K%!3ä%"=……%ì ä›3!…/L C% C!ƒä3

="2%ì=2,÷“*%L C!ƒä…%L

“,ã…=ë,ƒ=ö,L , ="2%øë=ãK=3ì%ì,

,ƒ-ƒ= …,“C!="…%“2, 3“2!%L“2" ,ë,

…=!3ø…, ä›3!…/ì C% C!ƒä3

“"%,. %K ƒ=……%“2L

k%›…% C% "ë…, …= C32"%ì .ë*2!%ì.=…,* (“2=!ø,L

“"2%-%! !=ƒ!ø=þ?ã% C%*=ƒ=…, .ë*2!%ì.=…,*) “,ã…=ë,ƒ=ö,,,

“,ã…=ë= "ì“2% ƒ=C!?=þ?ã% ö…2!=ë,ƒ=ö,, , Kë%*,!%"*,

"“ëä“2", …=!3ø…, 2.…%ë%ã,,

%K“ë3›,"=…, , !ì%…2= 3“2!%L“2"

q0a, C%"ë*ø ƒ= “%K%L *!3ø…,,

="=!,þ ,ë, “.%ä C%ä",›…%ã% “%“2="=

m,“C!="…%“2ü K3*“%"%ã% 3ƒë=, %“ì%2!?,* "=ã%…%",

C!,"äø= * ,ƒë%ì3 øL*, %“, %“ì%2!?,*-!ì%…2…,* "=ã%…%",

*%ë“…%L C=!/ , C%"ë*ø= “ë“=!ü C% !ì%…23 C%ä",›…%ã%

*!3ø…,, ="=!,þ “%“2="=

m“%Këþä…, 2.…,÷“*,. 3“ë%",L , …=÷=ëü…,* “2=…ö,,, ƒ=ì“2,2ëü

C!=",ë *!Cë…, ã!3ƒ%", C!,"äø …=÷=ëü…,*= “2=…ö,,, ƒ="ä3þ?,L

* …=!3ø…,þ 2!K%"=…,L ã!3ƒ%"/ì !=L%…%ì, *%…2L…!…/ì

Kƒ%C=“…%“2, ä",›…, , C%"ë*ø %2äë…,ì (Cë%?=ä*%L),

*!3ø…,, ="=!,þ C=*ã=3ƒ%ì, “2=!ø,L

C!,ì%“ä=2÷,* (C!,ì%“ä=2÷,*)

ã!3ƒ= , K=ã=›=, =ã…2

C% C!ä=÷ ã!3ƒ%" …=

m=!3ø…, ä,“ö,Cë,…/ j=2ã%!, !=K%2…,*%"

659

C%ã!=…,÷…/. “2=…ö, ., ì=“2!

(K!,ã=ä,!) C!%,ƒ"%ä“2"……%ã%

3÷=“2*= ä,“2=…ö,,

C%ã!3ƒ%÷…%-!=ƒã!3ƒ%÷…/. !=K%2,

…= *%2%!/. " 3“2=…%"ë……%ì

C%! ä* …C%“!ä“2"……%

"%ƒë%›…% "/C%ë……, 3“ë%",L ,

C!=",ë *!Cë…, ã!3ƒ%"

d%C3?…, “ë3÷=" C%›=!%" " …=÷=ëü…,* C=““=›,!“*%ã% C%ƒä=,

C=““=›,!“*,. "=ã%…=. "“ëä“2", C%ƒä…%L .ë*2!%ì.=…,*,

.=ë=2…%ã% %2…%ø…, * “"%,ì C!%"%ä…,* C=““=›,!“*,. "=ã%…%"

%K ƒ=……%“2 ì

n2*ëþ÷…, “,ã…=ë,ƒ=ö,, *%…2!%ë C!%"%ä…,* C=““=›,!“*,. "=ã%…%",

…=ã!"= K3*“ (qjma) C%ƒä…%L .ë*2!%ì.=…,*

o=ä…, ä2=ëL C=““=›,!“*%ã% %“ì%2!?,* "=ã%…%"

"=ã%…=, C!,"äø * *!3ø…,þ ,ë,

="=!,, C%ƒä=

m=!3ø…, C!=",ë %ã!=›ä…, …=÷=ëü…,* C%ƒä=, C!%"%ä…,*

C=““=›,!“*%ã% C%ƒä= C!, %“2=…%"* C=““=›,!“*,. "=ã%…%"

…= C!ã%…, C%"ë*ø ã%

*!3ø…,, ="=!,þ

q=ì%"%ëü…% %“2="ë…, C%“2= C% …=÷=ëü…,* %2äë…, , ã!3CC/,

%.!=… ã!3ƒ%", %KA*2%" , K%"%ã% “2=!ø,L “2!ë%*, “2!ë%*,

!=“÷2= C%›=!…%ã% C%ä!=ƒäë…, C!%"%ä…,* “ë3›K…%L “%K=*,,

“2=!ø,L C%›=!…/L, C%›=!…/L,

ì=“2!, "%ä,2ëü C%›=!…%ã% ="2%ì%K,ë

r2! (32!=2=) %!3›, ,ë, …=÷=ëü“2"3þ?,L , ! ä%"%L “%“2="

K%C!,C=“%" C% ",… !=K%2…,*= 2!ë*%"/., “2!ë*%"%-C%›=!…/.

, “Cö,=ë,ƒ,!%"=……/. C%ä!=ƒäë…,L

"%…,ƒ,!%"=……%L %.!=…/ aë%!3““*%L

›ëƒ…%L ä%!%ã,

13.11. onknfemhe

n dhq0hokhme p`anŠmhjnb lhmqjncn leŠpnonkhŠem`

r2"!›ä…% C%“2=…%"ë…,ì j=K,…2= l,…,“2!%"

p“C3Kë,*, aë=!3“ü %2 30 “…2 K! 1994 ã. 1 100

(Çàðåã. â Íàöèîíàëüíîì ðååñòðå 4 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2001 ã., ¹ 5/8048)

nayhe onknfemh“

1. l,…“*,L ì2!%C%ë,2… (ä=ë $ ì2!%C%ë,2…) "ë 2“ "=›…L-

øL “%“2="ë þ?L ÷=“2üþ 2!=…“C%!2…%L “,“2ì/ ã%!%ä=. n2 ã% “ë=-

›……%L , K“C!K%L…%L !=K%2/ ƒ=",“,2 3ä%"ë2"%!…, C%2!K…%“2L

…=“ë…, " C!"%ƒ*=..

m=!3ø…, ä,“ö,Cë,…/ j=2ã%!, !=K%2…,*%"