The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum Geneva
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223
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................12
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................13
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ........................................2
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................19
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............28
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................25
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................50
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...................................................
3
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................65
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................22
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................23
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................30
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................116
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................
14
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................17
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ......................................1
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................29
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................
17
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................28
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
17
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................32
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................37
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................
1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................31
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................19
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................53
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................
10
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................36
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......72
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................52
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................54
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................39
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* .....................................
2
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................23
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................58
6.07 International air transport network ..................................46
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................52
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................42
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................45
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................104
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................25
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................11
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................26
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................32
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................27
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................
17
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................27
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................53
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................64
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................133
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................38
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................123
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................50
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................37
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ......................................
6
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................11
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........24
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................23
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................85
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.................................................
7
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................56
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................
17
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................15
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................48
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................
14
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................22
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*.............................................................131
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................
12
13.04 Total known species* .....................................................130
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................89
14.02 Sports stadiums*................................................................
1
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................34
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................30
Ireland
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
224
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Israel
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................7.4
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................22.1
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................195.4
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................28,581.2
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................0.8
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................66
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,049...................2.7 ....................5.1
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................106...................3.7 ....................2.7
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................12,022...................6.4 ....................5.0
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................223...................7.9 ....................2.6
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................2,321.4
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........3,740.7
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................46 4.4
2009 Index............................................................................................................36 4.5
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................41 5.0
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................62 4.5
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................74 4.5
Safety and security .........................................................................................46 5.3
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................16 6.5
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................75 4.5
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................42 4.3
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................51 3.6
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................47 4.3
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................44 4.6
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................22 5.1
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................115 4.1
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................65 3.9
Human resources ............................................................................................31 5.2
Education and training.............................................................................37 5.2
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................37 5.3
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................56 4.8
Natural resources ...........................................................................................74 3.0
Cultural resources...........................................................................................67 2.5
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
225
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................53
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................49
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................65
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................
22
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............41
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................90
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................106
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................
41
1.09 GATS commitments* .....................................................103
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................32
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................35
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................91
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................111
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................56
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................88
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ..................................125
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................105
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................78
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................
44
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................10
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................19
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................27
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................73
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................106
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................106
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*..........................
1
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................37
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................63
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................
36
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................46
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................80
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
29
6.07 International air transport network ..................................43
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................50
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................52
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................53
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................
40
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................42
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................42
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................69
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................9
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................31
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................18
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................17
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................30
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................73
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................113
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................
45
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................117
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................67
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................38
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................61
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................74
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........
30
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................25
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................44
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................127
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................56
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.............................................
9
11.10 Life expectancy*.................................................................7
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................93
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................75
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................
12
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................
34
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................69
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................72
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................44
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................68
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................65
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................46
Israel
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
226
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Italy
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................60.2
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................301.3
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ..........................................2,118.3
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................29,068.2
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–5.0
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................18
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................89,770...................3.9 ....................2.4
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,018...................4.5 ....................1.3
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................217,140...................9.4 ....................2.4
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,478.................10.9 ....................1.1
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009..............43,238.9
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ......40,249.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................27 4.9
2009 Index............................................................................................................28 4.8
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................45 5.0
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................84 4.3
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................60 4.7
Safety and security .........................................................................................48 5.2
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................27 6.2
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................56 4.6
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................27 4.8
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................29 4.4
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................39 4.5
Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................1 7.0
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................34 4.5
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................129 3.6
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................15 4.8
Human resources ............................................................................................45 5.1
Education and training.............................................................................48 5.0
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................38 5.3
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................91 4.4
Natural resources ...........................................................................................49 3.7
Cultural resources.............................................................................................8 6.1
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
227
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................112
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................69
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................118
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............30
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................119
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................
13
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................91
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................89
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................56
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................81
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................111
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................100
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................46
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................71
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
16
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................73
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................44
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................92
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
20
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................15
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................44
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................76
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................65
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................108
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*..........................
1
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......63
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................84
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................
12
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................14
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................45
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................70
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ............................................
5
6.07 International air transport network ..................................94
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................54
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................39
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................81
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................111
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
22
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................10
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...............................................8
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................72
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................46
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................32
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................30
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................
13
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................37
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................125
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................133
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................125
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................89
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................25
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................25
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................83
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........37
11.05 Extent of staff training....................................................127
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................129
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................54
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................68
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................36
11.10 Life expectancy*.................................................................
2
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................99
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................94
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................74
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................17
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................53
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................82
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................71
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*..........................3
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................45
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...................
6
14.04 Creative industries exports*...............................................5
Italy
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
228
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Jamaica
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................2.7
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................12.6
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................8,803.6
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–3.0
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................89
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,159...................7.6 ....................3.5
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................81...................6.8 ....................3.4
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,893.................25.4 ....................2.7
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................263.................22.3 ....................2.7
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................1,831.1
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........1,925.5
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................65 4.1
2009 Index............................................................................................................60 4.1
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................55 4.8
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................11 5.2
Environmental sustainability........................................................................116 4.1
Safety and security .......................................................................................104 4.2
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................87 4.1
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism....................................................................4 6.4
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................59 3.9
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................64 3.2
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................23 5.1
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................75 3.5
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................60 3.4
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................90 4.4
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................87 3.7
Human resources ............................................................................................89 4.6
Education and training.............................................................................88 4.3
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................83 5.0
Affinity for Travel & Tourism............................................................................6 6.0
Natural resources .........................................................................................110 2.4
Cultural resources.........................................................................................105 1.6
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
1,000
1,500
2,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
229
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................46
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................73
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................51
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................
10
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ................6
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................64
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................
28
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................46
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................36
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................92
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................94
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................
40
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................81
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................83
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................128
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................81
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................76
3.02 Reliability of police services............................................109
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................136
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
36
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................93
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................77
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................68
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................93
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................10
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ..........................................2
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding...........................9
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................44
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......46
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................47
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................82
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................68
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................
41
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................61
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................68
6.07 International air transport network ..................................
49
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................71
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure ......................................n/a
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................
31
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................76
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
10
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................33
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................80
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................96
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................79
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................
37
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................89
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................70
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................51
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................99
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................95
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................121
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................
25
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................95
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.......................................124
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................58
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................98
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........99
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................
49
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................59
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................112
11.08 HIV prevalence*..............................................................118
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.........................................108
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................74
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ............................................................7
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................33
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................33
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................79
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................57
13.04 Total known species* .....................................................131
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................104
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................56
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................99
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................115
Jamaica
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
230
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Japan
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..........................................................................127.6
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................377.9
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ..........................................5,068.9
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................32,554.2
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–5.2
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................20
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................172,546...................3.4 ....................2.1
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,294...................3.7 ....................1.0
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................459,323...................9.2 ....................2.5
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................6,062...................9.8 ....................1.2
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................6,789.7
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ......10,304.6
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................22 4.9
2009 Index............................................................................................................25 4.9
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................27 5.2
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................51 4.6
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................52 4.8
Safety and security .........................................................................................19 5.8
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................22 6.3
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................50 4.7
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................32 4.7
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................22 4.6
Ground transport infrastructure......................................................................6 6.1
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................48 4.5
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................28 4.9
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................137 3.4
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................14 4.9
Human resources ............................................................................................22 5.5
Education and training.............................................................................12 5.9
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................60 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................131 3.9
Natural resources ...........................................................................................36 4.2
Cultural resources...........................................................................................12 5.9
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
231
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................97
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................23
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................91
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................76
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............
21
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................48
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................86
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................60
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................94
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................11
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................12
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................70
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................115
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................51
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................132
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
16
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................95
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................22
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................53
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ......................................................
6
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................53
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* ...................................................................1
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................64
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................47
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................67
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................98
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ........
6
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................54
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .................................
3
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ............................6
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................51
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................73
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
16
6.07 International air transport network ..................................26
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................22
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .........................................
3
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................37
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..................................
6
7.05 Road density* .....................................................................7
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................20
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................80
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................56
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................11
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................15
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................34
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................
19
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................75
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................106
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................132
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................102
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................135
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................70
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*...........................................2
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................23
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................35
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........
13
11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................121
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................114
11.08 HIV prevalence*..................................................................
1
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................42
11.10 Life expectancy*.................................................................
1
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................134
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................91
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................120
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................17
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................60
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................
17
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................56
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*..........................8
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................63
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...................
7
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................13
Japan
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
232
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Jordan
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................6.0
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................88.8
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................25.1
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................5,547.7
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................2.3
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................97
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,169...................9.0 ....................6.7
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................134...................8.6 ....................4.1
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,907.................20.5 ....................6.6
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................293.................18.9 ....................4.0
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................3,788.9
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........2,911.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................64 4.1
2009 Index............................................................................................................54 4.2
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................37 5.1
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................47 4.6
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................54 4.8
Safety and security .........................................................................................64 4.9
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................57 5.1
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................10 5.9
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................72 3.6
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................60 3.3
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................75 3.4
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................64 4.0
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................85 2.8
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................65 4.6
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................74 3.7
Human resources ............................................................................................79 4.8
Education and training.............................................................................64 4.7
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................97 4.8
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................10 5.8
Natural resources .........................................................................................102 2.6
Cultural resources...........................................................................................96 1.8
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum