The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum Geneva
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213
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................10
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................66
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................60
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............47
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................94
1.07 Time required to start a business* ....................................
7
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................62
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
31
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................43
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................71
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................102
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................87
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................
21
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................34
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................30
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................22
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................67
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................61
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................
36
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................37
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................16
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................82
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................
35
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................96
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
14
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......89
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................66
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................72
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................53
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................109
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................51
6.07 International air transport network ..................................71
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................63
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................43
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................77
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................61
7.05 Road density* .....................................................................
9
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................44
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................37
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................67
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................
33
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................40
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................
33
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................40
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................52
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................88
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................138
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................90
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................
22
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................97
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................
36
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................75
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........47
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................88
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................61
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................
11
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................20
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................15
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................53
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................42
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................117
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................129
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................43
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................96
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................81
13.04 Total known species* .....................................................106
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................29
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................33
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................25
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................38
Hungary
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
214
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Iceland
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................0.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................103.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................12.1
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................37,852.9
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–6.8
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)....................1
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................741...................5.5 ....................2.8
Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................9...................5.3 ....................1.7
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,985.................14.7 ....................3.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................26.................15.5 ....................1.8
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................1,235.3
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........568.4
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................11 5.2
2009 Index............................................................................................................16 5.1
T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................2 5.9
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................33 4.8
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................15 5.4
Safety and security ...........................................................................................4 6.3
Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................4 6.9
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism....................................................................9 6.0
T&T business environment and infrastructure..............................................6 5.4
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................18 4.9
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................32 4.8
Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................7 6.7
ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................3 5.9
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................71 4.5
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................41 4.3
Human resources ..............................................................................................3 6.0
Education and training.............................................................................11 5.9
Availability of qualified labor.....................................................................4 6.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................14 5.5
Natural resources ...........................................................................................80 2.9
Cultural resources...........................................................................................56 2.8
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
300
600
900
1,200
1,500
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
215
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................132
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................32
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................133
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............18
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................16
1.07 Time required to start a business* ....................................
9
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................28
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................16
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................16
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................15
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................29
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................98
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................19
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................52
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................65
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism................................................3
3.02 Reliability of police services................................................3
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................7
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................23
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................12
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................14
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................51
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ..........................................
6
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................30
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................44
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................7
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................64
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................82
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* .....................................
7
6.05 Airport density* ..................................................................1
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................117
6.07 International air transport network ..................................
10
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................28
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure ......................................n/a
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ..............................................
7
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................12
7.05 Road density* .................................................................101
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ......................................................................6
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................27
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .........................................4
9.02 Internet users* ...................................................................1
9.03 Telephone lines*.................................................................6
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .......................................6
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................55
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................19
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................121
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................37
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................76
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................39
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................34
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................
10
11.03 Quality of the educational system......................................3
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........16
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................24
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................
5
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................12
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................68
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.............................................
7
11.10 Life expectancy*.................................................................2
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................25
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors....................
2
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................18
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................43
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................91
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.....................................
6
13.04 Total known species* .....................................................137
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*......................104
14.02 Sports stadiums*................................................................
2
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................53
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................110
Iceland
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
216
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
India
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009.......................................................................1,155.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................3,287.3
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ..........................................1,236.9
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................3,015.1
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................5.7
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................123
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................41,980...................3.1 ....................7.8
Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................18,610...................3.8 ....................1.2
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................117,892...................8.6 ....................8.5
Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................49,086.................10.0 ....................1.7
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................5,108.6
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ......11,136.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................68 4.1
2009 Index............................................................................................................62 4.1
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................114 3.8
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................128 3.6
Environmental sustainability........................................................................107 4.1
Safety and security .........................................................................................78 4.6
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................112 2.6
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................91 4.2
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................68 3.7
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................39 4.1
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................43 4.3
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................89 2.9
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................111 2.2
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................28 5.1
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................19 4.7
Human resources ............................................................................................96 4.6
Education and training.............................................................................75 4.6
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................112 4.6
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................116 4.2
Natural resources .............................................................................................8 4.9
Cultural resources...........................................................................................24 4.9
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
217
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................81
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................61
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................
46
1.04 Visa requirements*.........................................................135
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............95
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................
42
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................95
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...............................................120
1.09 GATS commitments* .....................................................112
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................66
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................80
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................87
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................
47
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .................................105
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................131
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
16
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................127
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................68
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................67
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................73
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................97
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ....................................118
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................90
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................112
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................80
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................128
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................63
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................75
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......
12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................71
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .................................
7
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................16
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* .................................102
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................135
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
17
6.07 International air transport network ..................................54
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................90
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................
23
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................83
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................62
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................
31
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ..................................................................136
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................
40
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................100
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................54
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................118
9.03 Telephone lines*.............................................................110
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* ...................................100
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ......................................119
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................18
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...................................................2
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................36
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................66
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................73
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................82
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ..................................107
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................
39
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........51
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................59
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................89
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................113
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................68
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................99
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................106
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................124
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................81
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................92
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*...........................7
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................95
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................97
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................
10
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*..........................6
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................131
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................
31
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................10
India
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
218
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Indonesia
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..........................................................................230.0
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,904.6
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................539.4
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................4,150.8
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................4.5
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................134
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................14,752...................2.2 ....................5.7
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,952...................1.8 ....................2.0
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................50,992...................7.6 ....................6.0
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................6,766...................6.3 ....................2.3
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................6,323.7
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........6,318.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................74 4.0
2009 Index............................................................................................................81 3.8
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................94 4.2
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................88 4.2
Environmental sustainability........................................................................127 3.9
Safety and security .........................................................................................72 4.7
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................115 2.6
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................15 5.7
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................86 3.3
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................58 3.3
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................82 3.2
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................116 2.0
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................96 2.5
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...................................................4 5.6
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................40 4.4
Human resources ............................................................................................51 5.0
Education and training.............................................................................51 4.9
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................59 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................121 4.2
Natural resources ...........................................................................................17 4.7
Cultural resources...........................................................................................39 3.5
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
219
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................54
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................84
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................
49
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................94
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............
32
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................91
1.07 Time required to start a business* ................................119
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................98
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
43
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................75
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................66
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................
50
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................52
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .................................118
2.06 Threatened species* .....................................................129
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................81
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................101
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................80
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................75
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................70
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................119
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ....................................103
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .............................107
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................122
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................71
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................
13
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................58
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................
28
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................69
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .................................
9
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................29
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................81
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................102
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................
37
6.07 International air transport network ..................................76
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................84
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................56
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................96
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................88
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................84
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................93
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................112
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................97
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................61
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................109
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................82
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................99
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................99
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................16
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................68
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................
17
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................19
10.05 Hotel price index*...............................................................6
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................52
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................97
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................
40
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........52
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................
36
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................38
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................35
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................56
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................95
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................100
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ........................................................115
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................113
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................93
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................10
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................85
13.03 Quality of the natural environment.................................100
13.04 Total known species* .........................................................
4
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................29
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................114
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................
43
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................29
Indonesia
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
220
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................72.9
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,745.2
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................325.9
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................10,938.8
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................1.1
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................78
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................11,925...................3.0 ....................4.4
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................594...................2.7 ....................2.0
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................33,709...................8.4 ....................3.8
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,610...................7.4 ....................1.6
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2008................2,034.0
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........2,012.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................114 3.4
2009 Index..........................................................................................................n/a n/a
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................131 3.4
Policy rules and regulations........................................................................112 3.7
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................83 4.3
Safety and security .......................................................................................121 3.9
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................121 2.2
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................133 3.0
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................103 3.0
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................94 2.6
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................86 3.2
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................136 1.1
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................89 2.7
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...................................................7 5.5
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................91 3.6
Human resources ............................................................................................95 4.6
Education and training.............................................................................77 4.6
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................110 4.6
Affinity for Travel & Tourism........................................................................130 3.9
Natural resources ...........................................................................................72 3.0
Cultural resources...........................................................................................52 3.0
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
1234567
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2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership....................................139
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................70
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ....................................129
1.04 Visa requirements*.........................................................138
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............114
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ....................124
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................
28
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................39
1.09 GATS commitments*.......................................................n/a
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................64
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................64
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development...................113
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................95
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................94
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................90
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
46
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism............................................119
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................53
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................101
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ..................................................130
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................92
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* .....................................n/a
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ..............................n/a
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................99
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............133
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................82
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................116
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................131
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....122
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .............................130
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................
24
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................66
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ..................................n/a
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................63
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................59
6.07 International air transport network ................................132
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................74
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................53
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................84
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..............................114
7.05 Road density* .................................................................111
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ..................................................................112
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................133
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................138
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .....................................128
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................101
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................
33
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* ...................................101
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................96
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................11
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................14
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................72
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................
14
10.05 Hotel price index*............................................................n/a
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*...........................................5
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................82
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................108
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........74
11.05 Extent of staff training....................................................132
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................90
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.............................................137
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................56
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................66
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................74
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................92
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors................137
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................103
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................82
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................
23
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................54
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................10
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................133
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................83
14.04 Creative industries exports*.............................................
39
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
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2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Ireland
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................4.5
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................70.3
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................222.4
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................38,685.5
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–7.6
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................44
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,076...................1.7 ....................5.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................33...................1.8 ....................2.6
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................14,829...................6.3 ....................5.3
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................114...................6.2 ....................2.2
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................7,189.0
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ........4,890.2
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................21 5.0
2009 Index............................................................................................................18 5.0
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................10 5.7
Policy rules and regulations............................................................................7 5.3
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................12 5.5
Safety and security .........................................................................................12 6.1
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................25 6.2
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................29 5.3
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................23 4.9
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................24 4.4
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................38 4.6
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................10 6.7
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................29 4.9
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................122 3.8
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................37 4.4
Human resources ............................................................................................10 5.7
Education and training.............................................................................18 5.7
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................13 5.6
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................32 5.1
Natural resources .........................................................................................112 2.4
Cultural resources...........................................................................................28 4.3
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum