The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011. World Economic Forum Geneva
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193
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................16
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................16
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................62
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............74
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................28
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................21
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................13
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................60
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................21
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................25
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................14
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................89
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .....................................
5
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................46
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................
10
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................74
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................27
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................42
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................14
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................14
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................15
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................17
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................79
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................23
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*..........................
1
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................9
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................13
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ............................
4
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................29
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................48
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ............................................
2
6.07 International air transport network ....................................7
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..................................................................2
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .........................................4
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................12
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..................................
5
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................16
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................32
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...............................................9
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................21
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................23
9.03 Telephone lines*.................................................................
7
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .......................................9
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................68
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................126
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................131
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..........................................108
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................120
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................97
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................23
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ......................................
7
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................29
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.............
5
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................30
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................125
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................96
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................79
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................51
11.10 Life expectancy*.................................................................
7
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................97
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................82
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended........................
1
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................10
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................46
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................29
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................69
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*..........................4
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................48
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...................
5
14.04 Creative industries exports*...............................................7
France
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
194
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Gambia, The
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................1.7
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.3
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .................................................1.0
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................1,911.4
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................5.6
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................116
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................55...................5.1 ....................5.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................27...................4.1 ....................2.9
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................132.................12.3 ....................5.5
Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................67...................9.9 ....................3.2
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009...................124.3
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2008 .............83.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................92 3.7
2009 Index............................................................................................................87 3.7
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................76 4.5
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................86 4.3
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................44 4.9
Safety and security .........................................................................................88 4.4
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................103 3.3
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................26 5.4
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................90 3.3
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................82 2.7
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................52 4.2
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................127 1.6
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................108 2.3
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...................................................2 5.7
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................117 3.3
Human resources ..........................................................................................107 4.3
Education and training...........................................................................116 3.8
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................94 4.8
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................30 5.1
Natural resources .........................................................................................106 2.5
Cultural resources.........................................................................................116 1.5
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
30
60
90
120
150
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
195
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................31
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................39
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................24
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................29
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............78
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................
30
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................90
1.08 Cost to start a business* ...............................................135
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
17
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................44
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................34
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................13
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................15
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* .................................120
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................
28
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................81
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................71
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................
38
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................51
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ..................................................131
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................132
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................94
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................77
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................104
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................15
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ..........................................9
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................28
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................111
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....109
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................61
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................103
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ........................127
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ..................................n/a
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................75
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ........................................117
6.07 International air transport network ..................................78
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................51
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure ......................................n/a
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................
40
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................30
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................67
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................73
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................125
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................127
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................87
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................110
9.03 Telephone lines*.............................................................112
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* ...................................131
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................86
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................44
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...................................................1
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................60
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................
35
10.05 Hotel price index*...............................................................1
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.......................................131
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ..................................114
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................
33
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........72
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................
32
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................28
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................30
11.08 HIV prevalence*..............................................................120
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................90
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................116
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................24
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................45
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................73
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*.............................................................124
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................52
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................60
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................73
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................109
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...............122
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................126
Gambia, The
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
196
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Georgia
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009..............................................................................4.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................69.7
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................10.7
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................4,753.6
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–3.9
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................59
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ....................n/a
Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ....................n/a
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ....................n/a
Employment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ....................n/a
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009................1,500.0
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........470.3
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................73 4.0
2009 Index............................................................................................................73 3.9
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................35 5.1
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................54 4.6
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................69 4.5
Safety and security .........................................................................................47 5.3
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................31 6.0
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................31 5.2
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................94 3.2
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................105 2.4
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................69 3.6
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................87 2.9
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................82 2.8
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................91 4.4
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................92 3.6
Human resources ............................................................................................30 5.2
Education and training.............................................................................69 4.7
Availability of qualified labor.....................................................................7 5.8
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................46 4.9
Natural resources .........................................................................................120 2.3
Cultural resources...........................................................................................80 2.1
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
197
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................89
1.02 Property rights ................................................................120
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................
44
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................28
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ............121
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................
33
1.07 Time required to start a business* ....................................3
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................44
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................72
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................95
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................78
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................80
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................
43
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................90
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................83
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................81
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................61
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................
45
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................41
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................73
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .............................................................2
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ......................................50
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* ...............................51
4.04 Hospital beds* .................................................................55
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................44
5.02 T&T government expenditure* .......................................n/a
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................90
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................93
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......
12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................86
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* .............................101
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ........................109
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................91
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................68
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................90
6.07 International air transport network ................................103
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................65
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .......................................
41
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................75
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................87
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................70
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................85
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*......................112
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................
49
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................90
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................72
9.03 Telephone lines*...............................................................84
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................76
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ......................................102
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................104
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................51
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................
24
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................66
10.05 Hotel price index*...........................................................109
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*...........................................6
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................11
11.03 Quality of the educational system..................................119
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.........125
11.05 Extent of staff training....................................................108
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................
9
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor.................................................3
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................20
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................70
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................74
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................49
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................17
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................75
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*.............................................................111
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................65
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................99
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................62
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................
46
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...............114
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................111
Georgia
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
198
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Germany
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................81.9
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................357.1
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ..........................................3,338.7
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................34,387.7
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–4.7
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................17
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................79,091...................2.2 ....................2.2
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................940...................2.3 ....................0.6
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .........................................................273,350...................7.6 ....................2.7
Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,191...................8.0 ....................1.0
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009..............24,223.5
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ......34,709.4
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .............................................................................................................2 5.5
2009 Index..............................................................................................................3 5.4
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................12 5.7
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................20 5.1
Environmental sustainability............................................................................4 5.8
Safety and security ...........................................................................................9 6.2
Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................7 6.8
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................83 4.4
T&T business environment and infrastructure..............................................2 5.6
Air transport infrastructure..............................................................................7 5.5
Ground transport infrastructure......................................................................3 6.5
Tourism infrastructure ....................................................................................15 6.3
ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................7 5.7
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................125 3.8
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................5 5.3
Human resources ............................................................................................19 5.5
Education and training...............................................................................6 6.0
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................75 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................81 4.5
Natural resources ...........................................................................................18 4.7
Cultural resources.............................................................................................4 6.3
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
199
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................36
1.02 Property rights ....................................................................
8
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................63
1.04 Visa requirements*...........................................................42
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............16
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................13
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................62
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................43
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................65
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation..............................1
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ..........................1
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................51
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ............................................112
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................20
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................29
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ......................................
1
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................56
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................12
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................23
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ....................................................11
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* ...........................................................22
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ........................................
1
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .................................1
4.04 Hospital beds* ...................................................................5
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry ...............107
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ......................................108
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.........................51
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*........................58
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ......12
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................3
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................15
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ............................
3
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* ...................................27
6.05 Airport density* ................................................................90
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ............................................
4
6.07 International air transport network ....................................3
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ..................................................................5
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .........................................5
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ..............................................5
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ..................................3
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................14
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ....................................................................25
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*..........................
1
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*.............................................17
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .......................................22
9.02 Internet users* .................................................................13
9.03 Telephone lines*.................................................................
5
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* .....................................11
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ........................................27
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*.....................................75
10.02 Purchasing power parity* ...............................................126
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................90
10.04 Fuel price levels*............................................................123
10.05 Hotel price index*.............................................................49
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.........................................33
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ....................................21
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................18
11.04 Local availability of research and training services.............
2
11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8
11.06 Hiring and firing practices...............................................133
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................81
11.08 HIV prevalence*................................................................20
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS...........................................12
11.10 Life expectancy*...............................................................15
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................91
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................64
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended......................76
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................24
13.02 Protected areas*.................................................................
3
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................10
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................84
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*..........................6
14.02 Sports stadiums*..............................................................27
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*...................
2
14.04 Creative industries exports*...............................................3
Germany
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
200
2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Ghana
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................23.8
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................238.5
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 ...............................................15.3
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 .............................1,557.8
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009...................................................................4.1
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)................109
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ................................................................517...................2.8 ....................7.1
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................121...................2.3 ....................3.6
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,218...................6.7 ....................6.6
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................288...................5.4 ....................3.2
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009...................802.8
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ...........968.0
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index .........................................................................................................108 3.4
2009 Index..........................................................................................................110 3.4
T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................115 3.8
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................72 4.4
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................47 4.9
Safety and security .........................................................................................98 4.3
Health and hygiene .......................................................................................123 2.2
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism................................................................123 3.4
T&T business environment and infrastructure..........................................105 3.0
Air transport infrastructure..........................................................................101 2.5
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................94 3.1
Tourism infrastructure ..................................................................................102 2.3
ICT infrastructure ..........................................................................................114 2.0
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry.................................................26 5.1
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................104 3.5
Human resources ..........................................................................................114 4.2
Education and training...........................................................................119 3.7
Availability of qualified labor.................................................................109 4.7
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................45 4.9
Natural resources ...........................................................................................57 3.4
Cultural resources.........................................................................................115 1.5
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
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2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR RANK/139
1st pillar: Policy rules and regulations
1.01 Prevalence of foreign ownership......................................55
1.02 Property rights ..................................................................76
1.03 Business impact of rules on FDI ......................................56
1.04 Visa requirements*.........................................................114
1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements* ..............60
1.06 Transparency of government policymaking ......................99
1.07 Time required to start a business* ..................................
46
1.08 Cost to start a business* .................................................96
1.09 GATS commitments* .......................................................
31
2nd pillar: Environmental sustainability
2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation............................89
2.02 Enforcement of environmental regulation ........................90
2.03 Sustainability of T&T industry development.....................86
2.04 Carbon dioxide emissions* ..............................................
21
2.05 Particulate matter concentration* ...................................65
2.06 Threatened species* .......................................................
49
2.07 Environmental treaty ratification* ....................................46
3rd pillar: Safety and security
3.01 Business costs of terrorism..............................................60
3.02 Reliability of police services..............................................70
3.03 Business costs of crime and violence............................102
3.04 Road traffic accidents* ..................................................110
4th pillar: Health and hygiene
4.01 Physician density* .........................................................122
4.02 Access to improved sanitation* ....................................128
4.03 Access to improved drinking water* .............................103
4.04 Hospital beds* ...............................................................112
5th pillar: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism
5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry .................99
5.02 T&T government expenditure* ........................................67
5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding.......................100
5.04 Comprehensiveness of annual T&T data*......................126
5.05 Timeliness of providing monthly/quarterly T&T data* ....123
6th pillar: Air transport infrastructure
6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................85
6.02 Available seat kilometers, domestic* ...............................80
6.03 Available seat kilometers, international* ..........................78
6.04 Departures per 1,000 population* .................................114
6.05 Airport density* ..............................................................128
6.06 Number of operating airlines* ..........................................72
6.07 International air transport network ..................................70
7th pillar: Ground transport infrastructure
7.01 Quality of roads ................................................................86
7.02 Quality of railroad infrastructure .....................................106
7.03 Quality of port infrastructure ............................................59
7.04 Quality of ground transport network ................................89
7.05 Road density* ...................................................................76
INDICATOR RANK/139
8th pillar: Tourism infrastructure
8.01 Hotel rooms* ..................................................................108
8.02 Presence of major car rental companies*........................80
8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards*...........................................110
9th pillar: ICT infrastructure
9.01 Extent of business Internet use .....................................104
9.02 Internet users* ...............................................................117
9.03 Telephone lines*.............................................................124
9.04 Broadband Internet subscribers* ...................................113
9.05 Mobile telephone subscribers* ......................................104
10th pillar: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry
10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges*...................................107
10.02 Purchasing power parity* .................................................
22
10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................40
10.04 Fuel price levels*..............................................................52
10.05 Hotel price index*...............................................................
9
11th pillar: Human resources
11.01 Primary education enrollment*.......................................127
11.02 Secondary education enrollment* ..................................109
11.03 Quality of the educational system....................................71
11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........98
11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................77
11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................57
11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor...............................................87
11.08 HIV prevalence*..............................................................119
11.09 Business impact of HIV/AIDS.........................................109
11.10 Life expectancy*.............................................................111
12th pillar: Affinity for Travel & Tourism
12.01 Tourism openness* ..........................................................21
12.02 Attitude of population toward foreign visitors..................47
12.03 Extension of business trips recommended....................123
13th pillar: Natural resources
13.01 Number of World Heritage natural sites*.........................75
13.02 Protected areas*...............................................................
48
13.03 Quality of the natural environment...................................75
13.04 Total known species* .......................................................
33
14th pillar: Cultural resources
14.01 Number of World Heritage cultural sites*........................89
14.02 Sports stadiums*............................................................100
14.03 Number of international fairs and exhibitions*.................71
14.04 Creative industries exports*...........................................116
Ghana
Notes: Ranks of notable competitive advantages are highlighted. An asterisk (*) indicates that data are from sources other than the World Economic Forum. For
further details and explanation, please refer to the section "How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles" at the beginning of this chapter.
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum
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2.1: Country/Economy Profiles
Greece
Key indicators
Population (millions), 2009............................................................................11.3
Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................132.0
Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2009 .............................................330.8
Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2009 ...........................29,839.2
Real GDP growth (percent), 2009.................................................................–2.0
Environmental Performance Index, 2010 (out of 163 economies)..................71
Travel & Tourism indicators
T&T industry, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................22,775...................7.0 ....................3.6
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................418.................10.0 ....................1.4
T&T economy, 2010 estimates
GDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................50,183.................15.5 ....................3.5
Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................785.................18.8 ....................1.6
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2010
International tourist arrivals (thousands), 2009..............14,914.5
International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2009 ......14,506.2
Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index
2011 Index ...........................................................................................................29 4.8
2009 Index............................................................................................................24 4.9
T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................34 5.1
Policy rules and regulations..........................................................................82 4.3
Environmental sustainability..........................................................................68 4.5
Safety and security .........................................................................................73 4.7
Health and hygiene .........................................................................................20 6.4
Prioritization of Travel & Tourism..................................................................17 5.6
T&T business environment and infrastructure............................................29 4.8
Air transport infrastructure............................................................................19 4.8
Ground transport infrastructure....................................................................61 4.0
Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................5 6.9
ICT infrastructure ............................................................................................39 4.3
Price competitiveness in the T&T industry...............................................123 3.8
T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................29 4.5
Human resources ............................................................................................59 5.0
Education and training.............................................................................62 4.8
Availability of qualified labor...................................................................56 5.1
Affinity for Travel & Tourism..........................................................................47 4.8
Natural resources ...........................................................................................61 3.4
Cultural resources...........................................................................................25 4.7
Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”
Rank Score
(out of 139) (1–7 scale)
International tourist arrivals
(thousands)
International tourism receipts
(US$ millions)
2011–2020
Percent annual growth
of total (%, forecast)
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
1234567
The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 © 2011 World Economic Forum