The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 13: Republican China 1912-1949, Part 2
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
CONTENTS
XI
The triumph of Mao Tse-tung's thought 1941-1949 860
Conclusion: toward a people's democratic modernizing
autocracy? 866
Bibliographical essays 871
Bibliography 908
Conversion table: pinyin to Wade-Giles 1012
Glossary-Index 1 o
15
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
MAPS
1 Republican China - physical features xiv-xv
2 Provinces of China under the Republic <
3 Railways in 1949 23
4 Manchuria (the ' Three Eastern Provinces') 83
5 Chinese Communist areas, early 1930s 184
6 The Long March to Shensi 210
7 The Hai-Lu-feng region 308
8 Japanese military occupation of China proper
5
49
9 Japanese occupation of North China, to c. mid-i94os 628
10 Shen-Kan-Ning: basic data 633
11 Eighth Route Army deployment, July-December 1937 637
12 Disposition and movements of New Fourth Army, to late
1940 644
13 Communist bases as claimed overall (late 1944) 645
14 Military situation, North China, October 1938 647
15 Disposition of New Fourth Army after the ' New Fourth
Army incident' 670
16 Zones under substantial Communist control in August 1945 725
17 The civil war in 1946 and 1947 760-1
18 The CCP offensive, spring and summer 1948 771
19 The battle of Huai-Hai, November 1948 - January 1949 779
Xlll
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
TABLES
1 China's average annual foodgrain imports and exports,
1867-1949 258
2 Typology of peasant disturbances 294
3 Major colleges and universities in China and their
distribution, 1922 378
4 Distribution of colleges and universities in China, 1934-5 394
5 Leadership in the Academia Sinica 1928-40 during Ts'ai
Yuan-p'ei's presidency 4
O2
6 Major research institutions and professional journals,
1916-44 4°4
7 China Foundation Scientific Research Fellowships, 1930-45 406
8 Distribution of China Foundation Fellowships by field of
specialization, 1928-45 406
9 Wartime damage to educational institutions 4
J
3
10 Value of note issue in terms of prewar prices, 1937-45 585
11 Indices of the purchasing power of monetary income of
several income groups, 1937-45 59
1
12 Factories in unoccupied China 593
13 Indices of industrial production in Nationalist China,
1938-1945 595
14 Variations in real returns per individual from various types
of activity, Chungking
5
96
15 Principal CCP meetings, July 1937-December 1938 611
16 Wartime expansion of the Chinese Communist Party 620
17 Wartime expansion of Eighth Route and New Fourth
Armies 621
xvi
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
TABLES XVii
18 Party organization during the Sino-Japanese War 622
19 Organization of Eighth Route and New Fourth Armies 623
20 Major railway lines: North and Central China (c. 1942) 629
21 New Fourth Army (late 1939) 643
22 The New Fourth Army after 18 February 1941 669
23 Damage to North China railways (Jan. 1938 —Oct. 1940) 672
24 Japanese campaigns and blockade system in Chin-Ch'a-Chi 680
25 Price indices, 1937-1945: 'Free China' and Yenan 685
26 SKN grain tax levies, 1937-45 686
27 Land tax as a percentage of total production 699
28 Class composition in 35 villages, Chin-Ch'a-Chi, 1943 700
29 Grain production, Pei-yueh region 701
30 Japanese and puppet forces in China, June 1944 708
31 Chinese Communist forces, 1944—1945 709
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
PREFACE TO VOLUME 13
The titanic drama
of
the Chinese revolution
is
hardly known,
as
yet,
to
the English-reading public, though
in the
twenty-first century
it
will
be
seen
in
retrospect as
a
major event
of
modern times.
The
fifteen authors
of this volume
are
pioneers
in its
exploration and analysis. Their work,
like all historical writing, may both help the understanding of the current
generation
and
serve researchers
now and
later.
The
bibliography,
bibliographical essays and glossary are designed
to aid
researchers.
The
text and index are aimed at non-specialist readers.
After
a
preliminary overview stressing economic
and
social history,
chapters 2,
3
and 4 present
a
narrative of events in China's foreign relations
to 1931 and
in
the political history
of
the Nationalist government and
its
Communist opponents from 1927
to
1937. The middle chapters from
5
to
9
then analyse
key
facets
of
Chinese society
-
economic, social,
governmental, educational and literary
-
offering critical appraisals
of
the
major achievements and problems
in
each
of
these areas. Chapters 10
to
14 concern
the
climactic impact
of
Japan's invasion, China's
war of
resistance, the civil war
to
1949, and the portentous development
of
the
thought
of
Mao Tse-tung up
to
his coming
to
power.
In
the
production
of
this volume
of
The
Cambridge history
of
China,
as
with volumes 10,
11
and
11
that preceded it, the editors are chiefly indebted
to
the
contributors. Some
of
them participated
in a
research conference
in 1976. Their admirable patience has been exceeded only by their good
sense
in
recognizing that a pluralistic symposium may possibly wrap
up
more wisdom than monographs can do separately. For the overview of
1800
to 1949 offered
in
chapter
1, her
co-authors
are
especially indebted
to
the leadership
of
Mary
B.
Rankin.
As
before,
we
wish
to
thank Chiang
Yung-chen for skilled bibliographical assistance, Joan Hill for indefatigable
administrative
and
editorial assistance,
and
Katherine Frost Bruner
for
sapient indexing. We are indebted
for
space
to
Harvard University
and
for support
of
editorial costs
to the
Ford Foundation,
the
Mellon
Foundation, and the National Endowment for the Humanities through the
American Council
of
Learned Societies. Most basically we wish
to
thank
xviii
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
PREFACE
XIX
the Cambridge University Press for
its
vision of history
as
the underpinning
of civilization
—
a Chinese idea from ancient times. Our bibliography and
essays
at
the back
in
fact testify
to
the achievements
of
generations
of
Chinese and also Japanese and other scholars of many lands who have laid
the foundation on which this kind of book can be set up, as
a
stepping
stone to further work.
JOHN K. FAIRBANK
ALBERT FEUERWERKER
On romanization
For purely technical reasons we continue, as in preceding volumes, to use
the Wade-Giles system for transcription of Chinese sounds into alphabetic
writing. The technical reasons are first, that our library catalogues and
reference works have generally accumulated over the years in the Wade-
Giles system, and a change would therefore handicap researchers who use
this volume; second, the references to persons and places in the source
materials on modern China
in
English, such
as
newspaper and corre-
spondence files, both official and unofficial, are also generally embalmed
in Wade-Giles forms so that a change would confuse some readers. At the
same time we note that names and terms in publications today, both from
the People's Republic and from around the world, are using the official
pinyin
romanization, based on the incontrovertible assumption that
a
nation
has the right to decide how it wishes its writing system to be romanized
abroad. To meet this situation we have inserted a conversion table at the
back
of
the book and
in
the Glossary-Index have also inserted cross-
references from major
pinyin
forms to Wade-Giles forms.
To avoid enslavement
by
the arbitrary nature
of
any romanization
system, we have consciously tolerated deviations, especially in personal
names. Thus the reader will sometimes find chow instead
of
chou,
yi
instead of i, hwa for hua, teh for te. (Such deviations need not be called
to our attention.) We also take no responsibility for the name Chen, which
should often be Ch'en.
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008
Cambridge Histories Online © Cambridge University Press, 2008