Stephenson M. Patriot Battles. How the War of Independence Was Fought

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index

Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 104, 105

Wagram, battle of, 44

Wakefield, Capt. E., 306

Waldo, Dr. Albigence, 20–21, 111,

112–13

Wallace, Capt. Andrew, 330

Waller, Lt. John, 219

Walpole, Horace, 315

Walters, Col. Francis, 380n5

War and Peace (Tolstoy), 159

Ward, Gen. Artemus, 211–12, 216, 220,

373n8

Ward, Christopher, 151, 334

Ware, Lt. Col. Francis, 66–67

warfare, eighteenth century, 337; basis

of, phalanx, xxiii–xxiv; bayonet

use, 139–43; campaign season, 101;

classic command, 265; close-quarter

combat, 140–41; “corporate” tactics,

128, 129; “crystalline” formation,

128–29; drinking and drunkenness,

91; honor, concept of, 73; killing

zones, 160; limitations of weaponry,

xvi, 124–29, 154; mercenaries used in,

43, 44, 48–52; militia in face of formal

engagements, 17; mortality rates from

wounds, 162; phalanx, use of, xxiii–

xxiv; proximity of opposing forces,

xvi–xvii, 3; psychological and physical

crash post-battle, 89; siege, 314, 315,

351; size of armies, 31; spherical

shell ammunition, 159–60; suffering

of the foot soldier, 4; supplies and

provisioning, 365n27; as transitional

between feudal and industrial, 143;

weaponry, 119–45

Warner, Capt. Nathaniel, 220

Warner, Lt. Col. Seth, 16, 294, 299

War of the Revolution, The (Ward), 151

war profiteering, 24, 77, 104–5

Warren, James, 65, 136

Warren, Joseph, 220

419

Washington, George, 84, 102;

aggressiveness, xxii; as American

Fabius, xvi, 256; on American

Indians, 199; on the American

soldier, 6, 7–8, 9, 10; animosity

toward, in New England, 10;

appointed commander-in-chief, 21;

as aristocrat, xxii–xxiii, 9, 10; an army

of gentlemen, 63, 65, 73; attack on

Quebec and, 223; battle experience

of, 45; battle of Brandywine, 270–77;

battle of Brooklyn, 233, 237, 241–42,

275; battle of Germantown, 277–81;

battle of Kips Bay, 17, 245; battle of

Monmouth Courthouse, 282–87;

battle of Princeton, 262–66; battle of

Yorktown, 347; on blacks in service,

184, 188–89; bravery in battle, 71–72,

261, 265–66, 286; British surrender

at Yorktown, 352–53; Brooklyn,

evacuation of, 242–43; on Burgoyne’s

expedition, 290–91, 293; on camp

conditions, 173–74; on cartouche

(cartridge) boxes, 137–38; centralized

“national” army, insistence on,

120; as colonel for Virginia state

troops, 7, 14, 147; as commander,

255–56, 259–60, 265–66, 277–78;

crossing the Delaware, 256, 376n11;

defense of New York and, 230, 234,

244–48; desperation of, 253, 255, 349;

disciplinary powers, 95–96, 99–100;

executions and pardons, 97–98;

fall of Fort Washington and Fort

Lee, 250; on Fort Washington, 249;

Howe’s Philadelphia campaign and,

269, 270, 276–77, 376n1; on lack of

popular support for the army, 20–22;

Lafayette and, 284, 286, 287; land

speculation by, 222; on length of

enlistments in army, 21; mess kit of,

115; on the militia, 11–12, 15, 16,

index 420

Washington, George (cont’d)

17–18, 63–64; mounted police for,

30; musket formations preferred by,

132–33; New York, defense of, 232–41;

partisans and, xxii; personality, 265–66;

problems with his officers, 74–75,

78; punitive expedition against the

Iroquois, 196; purging of officer corps,

65; on quartermaster general, 103;

retreat through New Jersey, 1776, 32,

102, 251–53, 284; rum, destroyed after

victory at Trenton, 93; size of army,

32–33, 35, 47–48, 251, 252, 253, 268,

270, 278, 283, 349; spears, use of, 144;

spontoon used by, 144; standardized

drill, passion for, 120; on surgeon’s

mates, 169; tactics of, xxii, xxiii;

Trenton (Dec. 26, 1776) and, 255–59;

Trenton, second battle of, xxii, 258,

259–63; uniform of, 147; on uniforms,

147–48; weather, influence of on

tactics, 137; Wethersfield meeting with

Rochambeau, 348; on women and the

army, 177, 181

Washington, Lund, 9, 253

Washington, Lt. Col. William, 167, 259,

317, 327, 330, 331, 334, 338, 380n5

Waterloo, battle of, 44, 47, 88, 143, 159,

378n21

Watson, Brook, 116

Watts, Pvt. Garrett, 321

Wavell, Archibald Percival, Field

Marshal, Lord, xv–xvi

Waxhaws, battle of, 57, 164–65, 317

Wayne, Gen. Anthony, 91, 98, 100; attack

at Paoli and, 142–43, 276, 377n22;

battle of Brandywine, 270, 275; battle

of Germantown, 277–78, 280, 281;

battle of Green Spring Farm, 348;

battle of Stony Point and, 143; on

bayonet use, 143, 144; on hospital

conditions, 173; on rifles, 133

weaponry, 119–45; ammunition, 138–39,

154–57, 158–59, 163, 276, 345;

armament purchase problems, 102;

artificers, lack of, 121; artillery, 54,

154–61, 217, 221, 262, 291; artillery,

accuracy and lethality, 155–57,

158–59; artillery, loading, 157–58;

artillery, recoil, 158; baggage train

and, 119; battlefield tactics and,

119; bayonet, xxiii, 51, 139–43, 144,

145, 265, 276, 299, 306, 324, 367n57;

blunderbusses, 120, 180; “Brown

Bess” musket, 121–24; bullet making,

138–39; cannon, xvi; captured by

patriots, 223; cartouche (cartridge)

boxes, 137–38; Charleville musket,

35, 122; claymores, 145; “Committee

for Safety” musket, 121–22; cost per

gun, 120, 135; “Deckhard” rifle, 129;

“dum-dum” balls, 139; Ferguson’s

breech-loading rifle, 56–57, 134–35,

366n36; fowling pieces, 120; fusils,

143–44; gunpowder, 135–37, 141;

halberds, 143–44; hatchets and

tomahawks, 144–45; killing zones,

160; limitations of, xvi, 124–29, 154;

manufacture of, 119–20, 365n5;

musket, xvi, xxiii, 54, 120, 121–29,

139, 141, 154, 171, 265; musket,

accuracy and lethality, 124, 126–28,

365n10; musket, loading sequence,

124–26; naval cannon, 345, 382n5;

Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifle, 129,

135, 163; “pole arms,” 143–44, 299;

rifle, 120, 129–35; rifle, disadvantages,

131–32, 265; rifle, range and accuracy,

130–31; ritual of arms drill, xvi;

rounds-to-kill ratio, 128; shrapnel,

155; soldiers, American, private

weapons, 120–21; soldiers’ training

and, 119; spears, 144; spontoon,

144; swords, 145, 164, 299; weather,

index

influence of on, 137–38, 276; weather,

influence of on tactics, 141

Webb, Col., 248

Webster, Lt. Col. James, xvii, 71, 319, 321,

336, 338, 339

Weedon, Brig. Gen. George, 275, 348

Weir, Daniel, 116

Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke

of, 44, 67, 70

Wesley, John, 84–85

Wheeler, Cpl. William, 172–73

Whipple, Commodore Abraham, 315

White, Sgt. Joseph, 259

White Plains, battle of, 32, 51, 247–48;

Howe at, 240, 248; Indians killed at,

197–98; Washington at, 248

Wild, Ebenezer, 98

Wilkinson, Maj. James, 262, 302, 308, 309

Williams, Col. Otho Holland, 13, 17, 73,

92, 317, 319, 320–21, 333, 336, 340

Williamson, Col. David, 195

Winthrop, Hannah, 180–81

Wolfe, Gen. James, 9, 225

women, 177–82, 369n3; in battle, 179–80;

camp followers, 177–81; disguised as

men, 180, 370n13; “Molly Pitcher,”

179–80, 370n9; number of, attached

to American army, 178; pensions

granted to, 180; prostitutes, 179

421

Woodford, Brig. Gen. William, 287

Woodhull, Gen. Nathaniel, 71

Woodruff, Samuel, 165

Woodstock, Connecticut, 84

World War II, 162

wounds, 162–66; artillery, 157; belly,

163–64; from cannonballs, 155–56;

extrication of wounded from

battlefield, 165–66; infection of,

172–73; mortality rates from, 162;

from musketry, 162–64, 171; swords

or sabers, 164–65; treatment of,

170–73

Wright, Aaron, 64

Wyoming Valley campaign, 195

Yorktown, battle of, xxv, 43, 316,

347–53; artillery fire at, 160;

casualties, 156, 157, 351–52; effect of

defeat on British soldiers, 86–87;

map, 350; siege of, xxii, 156, 350;

surrender of Cornwallis, 341, 352–53,

383n30; Washington at, 72, 352–53,

383n30

Young, Arthur, 37

Young, James, 106

Young, Thomas, 329

Zion Hill, battle of, 294, 299

About the Author

MICHAEL STEPHENSON is formerly the editor of the Military Book Club,

the largest of its kind in the world. He was the editor of and a contributor to

National Geographic’s Battlegrounds: Geography and the History of Warfare

and the coauthor of The Nuclear Casebook. He lives in New York City.

Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite

HarperCollins author.

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