Stephenson M. Patriot Battles. How the War of Independence Was Fought
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Abercrombie, Maj. Gen. James, 143, 291
Abercrombie, Col. Sir Robert, 131–32, 352
Acland, Lady Harriet, 181–82
Acland, Maj. John Dyke, 182, 294, 303,
308
Adams, John, xxiv, 10, 22, 24, 30, 52;
on the American soldier, 5, 10; on
Canada, 222; on French aid, 35; on
gunpowder shortage, 136; on Indians,
192; on officers’ fractiousness, 74;
peace talks, 244; on the rifle, 120; on
smallpox, 175
Adams, Samuel, 65
Adlum, Cpl. John, 65–66
African-Americans: in British army, 56,
187; in Continental army, 20, 183–89;
exempt from military service, 7, 31;
free blacks in America, 184; Jamaica
Rangers, 56; manumission, 189;
as servants to white soldiers, 189;
slave revolt, Georgia, 195; slaves,
number of, in American colonies,
30–31; slaves defecting to fight for the
British, 187
Agnew, Brig. Gen. James, 71, 274, 280
Ainslie, Thomas, 227, 228
Albany, 310; Burgoyne’s Canadian plan
and, 290, 291, 293, 296
Albany Plan of Union, 10
Albuera, battle of, 88–89
Allen, William, 56
Amboy, 268
American colonies: civilian wages
in, 28; Committees of Safety, 59;
contractual relationships in, 11;
corporal punishment, 97; draft in,
25; egalitarianism of, 74; executions
and pardons, 97–100; German
immigration to, 30; gunpowder
manufacture, 135–37; independent
mind-set of, 10, 11; Indian allies,
197–98; Irish immigration to,
29–30; “leveling” tradition in New
England colonies, 8–10, 64–65;
medical schools in, 169; myth of
colonial gun ownership and, 13–14;
pig iron manufacture, 161; planter
society of the South, 9; population,
30–31, 358n81; rejection of union, 10;
relationship with Indians, xxiv, 191–
93, 371n14; religious zeal, 82; social
hierarchy in, 66; taxation and
INDEX
index 398
American Colonies (cont’d)
insurrection, 6–7; transport problems
in, 106; westward expansion, xxiv
“American Crisis, The” (Paine), 53
American War of Independence, xvi;
America’s destiny and, xxv; avoidance
of service by wealthy, 7, 14, 26, 29, 31;
bloodiest battles, xvii–xviii; British
surrender (19 Oct. 1781), xxv, 352–53;
campaign season, 101; Canada and,
222–29; casualties, xvii, 14, 142–43,
156–57, 195, 217, 219–20, 229, 238–39,
243–44, 247, 259, 275–76, 295, 305,
309, 314, 317, 322, 324, 331, 340,
375n24, 378n21; “collateral damage,”
61–62; as colonial war, xix–xx,
19; as extra-revolutionary, xxiv;
Franco-American alliance, 33–35,
349, 383n24; Iraq War comparison,
xviii–xix, xx, xxi; lack of equality in
fighting of, 5; largest battle, 44; as not
revolutionary, xxiii; retreat through
New Jersey, 1776, 32; size of patriot
forces, 5, 30–33, 358n82; support for,
22, 82; Vietnam War comparison, xix,
xxi; war in the North, 203–310; war
in the South, xxi–xxii, 16, 313–53.
See also specific battles
Amherst, Jeffery, 225
Anburey, Lt. Thomas, 165, 180, 194, 305,
310
André, John, 72–73, 142, 276
Arbuthnot, Adm. Marriot, 315
Armand, Col. Charles, 317
Armstrong, Brig. Gen. John, 270–72, 273,
279, 280, 281
Arnold, Brig. Gen. Benedict, 12, 57,
74, 75, 101, 150, 299; assault on
Quebec, 113–14, 160, 222–29; battle
of Bemis Heights, 308, 308–9; battle
of Freeman’s Farm, 302, 303, 304,
305; relief of Fort Stanwix, 295–96;
wounding of, 71, 227, 309
Ashe, John, 138
Aston, Col. Hervey, 75
Atlee, Col. Samuel, 51, 237
Babits, Lawrence, 124, 365n10, 382n7
baggage train, 119, 179, 196, 291
Baillie, Capt. Alexander, 152
Balcarres, Major Lord, 294, 302, 307–8,
308, 309
Barnsfare, Capt., 227
Barrell, Joseph, 136
Barrett, Col. James, 205
Barrett, Thomas, 8
Baum, Friedrich, 51, 298, 299
Baxter, Col. William, 250
Beale, Ens. Robert, 260
Beebe, Lewis, 173
Bemis Heights, battle of (second battle
of Saratoga), xxii, 16, 51, 71, 128,
166, 306–10, 319; burial of dead, 167;
casualties, 71, 309; death of Gen.
Fraser, 309; map, 307; wounded men,
165–66, 310
Bennington, battle of, 16, 51, 140, 298,
299, 379n27; Indians at, 194
Bird, Lt. Col. John, 71
Birnbaum, Louis, 209
Blaine, Ephraim, 104, 105
Bland, Theodorick, 272, 273
Blenheim Palace, tapestries, xv, 274
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 44
Bond, Thomas, 169
Bordentown, 254, 255
Boston: as British stronghold, 211; British
troops, porter and beer for, 176;
Charlestown Peninsula, 211, 216,
216–17, 218, 219; Dorchester Heights,
211, 212, 213, 240; evacuation of, by
British troops and Loyalists, 53, 60,