Sperling E. The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics

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OF WHICH EXPLICITLY SUPPORTED THE RIGHT OF THE 4IBETAN PEOPLE TO SELF

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East-West Center

The East-West Center is an internationally recognized education and

research organization established by the U.S. Congress in 1960 to

strengthen understanding and relations between the United States and

the countries of the Asia Pacific. Through its programs of cooperative

study, training, seminars, and research, the Center works to promote a

stable, peaceful and prosperous Asia Pacific community in which the

United States is a leading and valued partner. Funding for the Center

comes for the U.S. government, private foundations, individuals, cor-

porations and a number of Asia Pacific governments.

East-West Center Washington

Established on September 1, 2001, the primary function of the East-

West Center Washington is to further the East-West Center mission

and the institutional objective of building a peaceful and prosperous

Asia Pacific community through substantive programming activities

focused on the theme of conflict reduction in the Asia Pacific region

and promoting American understanding of and engagement in Asia

Pacific affairs.

About this Issue

About the Author

Dr. Elliot Sperling is Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Central Eurasian

Studies at Indiana University at Bloomington.

The status of Tibet has been at the core of

the Tibet-China conflict for all parties

drawn into it over the past century. China

maintains that Tibet is an integral part of

China, while Tibetans maintain that Tibet has

historically been an independent country. In

reality the conflict over Tibet’s status has

been a conflict over history. When Chinese

writers and political figures assert that Tibet

is a part of China, they do so on the basis

of history. The People’s Republic of China

has pointedly accused the Dalai Lama of

duplicity, stating that his unwillingness to

recognize that Tibet has been an integral

part of China for centuries renders his

attempts to compromise on the Tibet issue

unacceptable. The centrality of history in

the question of Tibet’s status could not be

made clearer. This paper is a guide to the

historical arguments made by the primary

parties to the Tibet-China conflict. It draws

on the key assertions about the issue as

they have been framed in Chinese and

Tibetan to examine the extent to which

positions on the Tibet issue that are

thought to reflect centuries of popular

consensus are actually very recent construc-

tions, often at variance with the history on

which they claim to be based.

ISBN 1-932728-12-0

Previous Issues:

Policy Studies 1

The Aceh Peace Process:

Why it Failed

Dr. Edward Aspinall, University of Sydney

Dr. Harold Crouch, Australian National University

Policy Studies 2

The Free Aceh Movement (GAM):

Anatomy of a Separatist Organization

Dr. Kirsten E. Schulze, London School of

Economics

Policy Studies 3

Security Operations in Aceh:

Goals, Consequences, and Lessons

Dr. Rizal Sukma, Centre for Strategic and

International Studies - Jakarta

Policy Studies 4

Beijing’s Tibet Policy:

Securing Sovereignty and Legitimacy

Dr. Allen Carlson, Cornell University

Policy Studies 5

The Papua Conflict:

Jakarta’s Perceptions and Policies

Dr. Richard Chauvel,Victoria University-Melbourne

Dr. Ikrar Nusa Bhakti, Indonesian Institute of

Sciences

Policy Studies 6

A Violent Separatism in Xinjiang:

A Critical Assessment

Dr. James Millward, Georgetown University

Forthcoming Titles

“The Moro Conflict: Landlessness and

Misdirected State Policies”

Mr. Eric Gutiereez, Institute for Popular Democracy

Dr. Saturnino M. Borras, Institute of Social Sciences-

The Hague

“Southern Philippines and the International

War Against Terror”

Dr. Christopher Collier, Australian National University