Sperling E. The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics

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#EDAINn3HISHI"ANCHANZHUANSHILINGTONGXUNFANGRENDINGZUOCHUANG

XIEZHENnAND'UO8INNDn

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 7ANG&URENAND3UO7ENQINGn

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 /NTHECONCEPTINGENERALSEE$3EYFORT2UEGG

 3UCHATLEASTISTHEIMPRESSIONGENERATEDBYTHEACCOUNTOFTHE$ALAI,AMAS

RESPONSESINTOQUESTIONSON3INO4IBETANRELATIONSPOSEDBYANENVOYSENT

  %LLIOT3PERLING

FROM#HINAGIVENBY4IEHTSENG,I.OTETHATTHEAUTHORSTATESP

THATTHE$ALAI,AMASSTATEMENTSINCLUDINGHISREMARKTHATRELATIONSBETWEEN

#HINAAND4IBETCOULDBERESTOREDhIFTHE#ENTRAL'OVERNMENTWOULDTREATTHE

PATRONAGERELATIONSHIPBETWEEN#HINAAND4IBETWITHSINCERITYANDGOODFAITHASIT

PREVIOUSLYDIDvARETRANSLATEDFROMTHEOFlCIAL#HINESETRANSLATIONOFTHE4IBETAN

TEXTOFTHE$ALAI,AMASRESPONSESITSELFCOPIEDhWORDFORWORDFROMTHEARCHIVESOF

THE-ONGOLIANAND4IBETAN!FFAIRS#OMMISSIONv

 4RUTHABOUT4IBETND

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 1UESTIONOF4IBETANDTHE2ULEOF,AW4HE)NDIANJURIST0URSHOTTAM

4RIKAMDASDIDTHEPRELIMINARYRESEARCHFORTHEGROUPSh,EGAL)NQUIRY#OMMITTEE

ON4IBETv(ELATERCONTRIBUTEDTHEHISTORICALINTRODUCTIONTO4IBETINTHE5NITED

.ATIONSPUBLISHEDBYTHE$ALAI,AMAS.EW$ELHIBUREAUANDCITEDINNOTE

 2ICHARDSON

 $ALAI,AMA

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PANDITARPHULBAIJASADANG+UBLAI+HcNGGIS0HAGSPARINPOCHERPHULBAI

JASAGNYISBSDURNADANGPODEDPONPOSMISERLABTANGBALTABUDANGRJESMADE

SBYINBDAGGISBLAMARPHULBALTABUZHIGSNANGRANGCAG3HARDKYILMIRIGSTSHOI

BSAMBLOGTONGSTANGSKYANGDERANGYODCINGBLAMACHOSKYITHOGNASBSTANPARGYAS

PADANGGROBABDEBAIBKASLOBDANGMDZADPAGNANGBADANGYONBDAGYINGIS

DPALBYORTHOGNASDEYUNNASYUNDUGNASPAIDONLAZHABSDEGSZHUDGOSPALTAR

"ODDANG3OGPOIDBARGYIMCHODYONGYIBRELBAANGDELTABUZHIGYINZERON

KYANG.UBPHYOGSPAISRIDDONGYIGROSTANGSTHOGDILTAIGRELBSHADBYEDMITHUBPA

ZHIGYODDUG.UBPHYOGSPATSHOSGONGGILORGYUSLAZHIBCHANANPOZHIGBYASNA

+HcNGGIS0HAGSPARINPOCHEITHUGSDANGMIGALBAZHURGYUZHUSPADEGARANG

NAS"ODKYIDBANGCHAMTHOSHOS0HAGSPARINPOCHENYIDLAYODPA+HcNGRANGGIS

KHASLENZHUSYODPADANGDADUNG+HcNGGISCHOSZHUSTANGSDANGGUSZHABSZHU

STANGS3MANTSEIYULLENDUSBKASLOBZHUSTANGSTHAMGADANGMTSHANSTODKYI

TSHIGDON!MDOIYULBARPHEBSSKYELDUNGOBCARZHUSTANGSBLAMAIBKAYIN

DBANGLACHABZHAGSTE"ODDUZHIBGCODPAGTONGSTANGSSOGSGANGSANASRGYALKHAB

PHANTSHUNGNYISGCIGPHANGCIGGROGSDANGCHEMTHONGSBULRESBYASPAMAGTOGS

RGYALKHABGCIGGIOGTUGCIGMEDPAGSALPORMTSHONPADELTARMCHODYONGYIBREL

BADIGZHILABZHAGSTE"ODDANG2GYANAGGNYISDBARLAANGRABBYUNGBCOLNGAPAI

LCAGSPHAGLOR#HINGNGAM-ANJUGONGMAIDUSRABSMARDZOGSBARPHAN

TSHUNMCHODYONGYIBRELBAIBYABAGONGMTSHUNGSLTABURYODDO

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BEPARTOFAPROPOSEDTEAMTHE4IBETANGOVERNMENTINEXILEPUTTOGETHERINTHE

LATESTONEGOTIATEWITH#HINAHISINCLUSIONELICITEDAREFUSALFROMTHE02#TO

ENTERTAINFORMALDISCUSSIONSOFTHE4IBETISSUEWITHANYNON4IBETANSORATEAMTHAT

INCLUDEDNON4IBETANSINITSRANKS

 6AN7ALTVAN0RAAG

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 6AN7ALTVAN0RAAG

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 4HE4IBET#HINA#ONmICT 

 "ODDANG-ANJUIBRELBARDPYADPAIGTAMDUSSKABSLNGACAN"OD

DANG-ANJUIBRELBADNGOSBYUNGKHAGLADPYADZHIBBYASPAISNYINGPOR"OD

-ANJUIKHONGSGTOGSMINPADANG"OD-ANJUSDNGOSSUDZINSKYONGMABYASPAI

GNASLUGSGTANLAPHABPAYINZHING

 :HWASGABPAnANDn

 6AN7ALTVAN0RAAGn

 4ASHI4SERINGn

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 2EFERENCEHASBEENMADEABOVETOTHE$ALAI,AMASSTATEMENTINTHISREGARD

4HETRAVELSOF4IBETANREPRESENTATIVESHAVEBEENESPECIALLYINVOKEDBY:HWASGAB

PAWHOWASAMEMBEROFONEOFTHESEMISSIONS4HElRSTEDITIONOFTHE%NGLISH

LANGUAGEVERSIONOFHISHISTORYOF4IBETINCLUDEDAFACSIMILEREPRODUCTIONOFHIS

TRAVELINGPAPERSWITHTHEVARIOUSFOREIGNVISASANDRELATEDSTAMPSONIT

 $ALAI,AMA

 )BIDAND

 3EETHEGEOGRAPHYCHAPTERSIN3ONG,IANn

 4IBET)TS/WNERSHIPnh)NTHEMIDTHCENTURY4IBETWASOFlCIALLY

INCORPORATEDINTOTHETERRITORYOF#HINAS9UAN$YNASTY3INCETHENALTHOUGH

#HINAEXPERIENCEDSEVERALDYNASTICCHANGES4IBETHASREMAINEDUNDERTHE

JURISDICTIONOFTHECENTRALGOVERNMENTOF#HINAx4HEREGIMEOFTHE-ONGOL

+HANATECHANGEDITSTITLETO9UANINANDUNIlEDTHEWHOLEOF#HINAIN

ESTABLISHINGACENTRALGOVERNMENTWHICHFOLLOWINGTHE(AN"#nAND

THE4ANGDYNASTIESACHIEVEDGREATUNIlCATIONOFVARIOUSREGIONSANDRACESWITHIN

THEDOMAINOF#HINA4IBETBECAMEANADMINISTRATIVEREGIONDIRECTLYUNDERTHE

ADMINISTRATIONOFTHECENTRALGOVERNMENTOF#HINAS9UAN$YNASTYv

 $ANZENGᑉͼ㩮হ∬ᬔᴘᅯ೒ৌЏܘͼ߰ᓏћЂ೒৙അएȡ

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