Rudnick L. Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications (Присадки, добавки к смазкам)

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694 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

FE Fuel economy

FEI Fuel economy improvement (fuel ef ciency increase)

FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (United States)

FF Factory  ll

FFV Flexible fuel vehicle

FIE Fuel injection equipment

FIMS Field ionization mass spectrometry

Fire point ASTM D 92—a laboratory test to measure the lowest temperature at which a

sample will sustain burning for 5 s

FISITA Federation Internationale des Sociétes d’Ingenierus des Techniques de

l’Automobile

Flash point ASTM D 92—a laboratory test to measure the tendency of a sample to form

a  ammable mixture with air, the lowest temperature at which a test  ame

causes the vapor of a  uid to ignite

Four-Ball Test Two test procedures based on the same principle:

1. Four-Ball EP Test (ASTM D 2596)

2. Four-Ball Wear Test (ASTM D 2266)

The three lower balls are clamped together to form a cradle upon which the

fourth ball rotates in a vertical axis. The balls are immersed in the lubricant

under investigation. The test is used to determine the relative wear-prevent-

ing properties of lubricants operating under boundary lubrication conditions.

The test is carried out at a speci ed speed, temperature, and load. At the end

of the speci ed period, the average diameter of wear scar on the three balls is

reported. The Four-Ball EP Test is designed to evaluate performance under

much higher loads. In this test, the top ball is rotated at a speci ed speed

(1700 ± 60 rpm), but temperature is not controlled. The loading is increased

at speci ed intervals until the rotating ball seizes and welds to the other balls.

At the end of each interval, the average scar diameter is recorded. Two values

are generally reported—load wear index and weld point.

FSIS Food Safety Inspection Service

FT Fischer–Tropsch

FTC Federal Trade Commission (United States)

FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

FTM Federal Test Method (United States)

FTP Federal Test Procedure (EPA)

FZG Forschungstelle für Zahnrader und Getriebebau (Research Institute for Gears

and Gearboxes)

GAO General Accounting Of ce (United States)

GATC Gross additive treat cost

GC Gas chromatography

In the ASTM D 4950 Standard Classi cation and Speci cation for Automo-

tive Service Greases, the letters GC designate service typical of the lubrica-

tion of wheel bearings operating in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles

under mild to severe duty.

GDI Gasoline direct injection

GDTC Gross delivered treating cost

GEO Gas engine oil—lubricant used for natural gas engines

GEPE Group des Experts pour la Pollution et l’Energie (Group of Experts for Pollu-

tion and Energy)

GF-2 ILSAC PCMO oil classi cation standard, effective from August 1997

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Lubricant Industry–Related Terms and Acronyms 695

GF-3 ILSAC PCMO oil classi cation after GF-2, proposed in 2000

GFC Groupment Française de Coordination (CEC)

GHS Global Harmonization System

GI Gelation index (as de ned in ASTM D 5133)

GL-4/5 Gear service characteristics (API)

GM General Motors

GMO Glycerol monoleate

GO-H Gear lubricant speci ed by Mack Truck Company

GRAS Generally recognized as safe

GRPE Groups des Rapporteurs pour la Pollution et l’Énergie

GSA General Service Administration (United States)

GTL Gas-to-liquid

GWP Global warming potential

H-1 The USDA classi cation that applies to lubricants with incidental food contact

and to ingredients used to make these lubricants. Under NSF, H-1 applies to

lubricants and HX-1 applies to ingredients for H-1 lubricants.

H-2 The USDA classi cation that applies to lubricants in food processing

plants with no food contact and to ingredients used to make these lubricants.

Under NSF, H-2 applies to lubricants and HX-2 applies to ingredients for H-2

lubricants.

HACCP Hazard and Critical Control Point implement procedures for USDA regulators

requirements

HAP Hazardous air pollutant

HC Hydrocarbon

HCB Hydrocracker bottoms

HCCI Homogeneous charge combustion ignition

HCFC Hydrochloro uorocarbon

HD Heavy duty

HDD Heavy-duty diesel

HDDEO Heavy-duty diesel engine oil

HDDO Heavy-duty diesel oil

HDEO Heavy-duty engine oil

HDEOCP Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Classi cation Panel

HDMO Heavy-duty motor oil

HEFCAD High-energy, friction characteristics and durability; part of DEXRON

-II

quali cation program

HEUI Hydraulically operated electronically controlled unit injectors

HFC Hydro uorocarbon

HFE Hydro uoroether

HF-O Denison speci cation for heavy-duty hydraulic antiwear  uids

HFRR High-frequency reciprocating rig

HOOT Hot oil oxidation test

HOPOE Highly optimized polyol ester

HPV High production volume

HRMS High-resolution mass spectroscopy

HSPOE High-stability polyol ester

HTHS High-temperature, high-shear viscosity measured at 150°C and 10

–1

(ASTM

D 4683, CEC L-36-A-90), (ASTM D 4741), or (ASTM D 5481)

HTHSRV High-temperature, high-shear rate viscosity

HVI High-viscosity index

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696 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

Hydrodynamic

lubrication

A lubrication regime characterized by a full- uid  lm between two moving

surfaces. As oil is moved between the moving parts, the action causes a high

pressure in the lubricant  uid, and this separates the moving parts.

HX-1 NSF classi cation that applies to ingredients for H-1 lubricants.

HX-2 NSF classi cation that applies to ingredients for H-2 lubricants.

IBP Initial boiling point

IC Internal combustion

IchemE Institution of Chemical Engineers (United Kingdom)

ICOA International Castor Oil Association

ICOMIA International Council of Marine Industries Association

IDDPP Isodecyl diphenyl phosphate

IDI Indirect injection (diesel)

IEA International Energy Agency

IENICA Interactive Network for Industrial Crops and Applications

IFP Institut Français du Petrole

IGL Investigation Group Lubricants (CEC)

ILMA Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Association—an association of oil

companies, also called as compound blenders

ILSAC International Lubricant Standards Approval Committee

I/M Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program

IMECHE Institution of Mechanical Engineers

IOP Institute of Physics—Tribology Group

IP Institute of Petroleum (United Kingdom)

IPPP Isopropylphenyl phenyl phosphate

IR Infrared (spectroscopy)

ISO International Standards Organization

ISOT Indiana Stirred Oxidation Test (adopted as JIS K 2514)

ISTEA Intermodel Surface Transportation Act

IVD Intake value deposit

IVT In nitely variable transmission

JALOS Japanese Lubricating Oil Society

JAMA Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association

JARI Japan Automotive Research Institute

JASIC Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center

JASO Japan Automotive Standards Organization

JAST Japan Society of Tribologists

JATA Japan Automobile Transport Technology Association

JCAP Japan Clean Air Program

JD John Deere—a farm implement manufacturer

JIC J. I. Case—a farm implement manufacturer

JIS Japan Industries Standard

JISC Japan Industrial Standards Committee

JPI Japan Petroleum Institute

JSAE Japan Society of Automotive Engineers

KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

KV Kinematic viscosity

LB In the ASTM D 4950 Standard Classi cation and Speci cation for Automo-

tive Service Greases, the letters LB designate service typical of lubrication of

chassis components and universal joints in passenger cars, trucks, and other

vehicles under mild to severe duty.

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Lubricant Industry–Related Terms and Acronyms 697

LCO Light cycle oil

LCST Lower critical solution temperature

LDV Light-duty vehicle

LeRC Lewis Research Center—NASA

LEV Low-emission vehicle

LMOA Locomotive Maintenance Of cers Association

LNG Lique ed natural gas

LOFI Lubricant oil  ow improver

LPG Lique ed petroleum gas

LPV Low production volume

LRI Lubricant Review Institute—a body associated with SAE that quali es heavy-

duty engine oil and gear lubricants for the industry and the U.S. military

LSC Lubricant Standards Committee

LSD Low-sulfur diesel

M11 Cummins heavy-duty engine test (CH-4) to measure crosshead wear

M111 A Mercedes-Benz gasoline engine oil fuel economy test (CEC-L-54-T-96)

Mack T-8 Engine test used by Mack Truck Company in specifying heavy-duty diesel

lubricants, extended to 300 h

Mack T-9 Engine test used by Mack Truck Company in specifying heavy-duty die-

sel lubricants; more severe (higher-soot loading) test required for CH-4

speci cations

Mannich A name reaction that produces unique fuel and lubricant detergent/dispersants

MB Mercedes-Benz

MB OM364A A Mercedes-Benz heavy-duty diesel engine oil test to measure bore polish,

piston cleanliness, and turbo deposits (CEC-L-52-T-97)

MB OM602A A Mercedes-Benz diesel engine oil test to measure cam wear

(CEC-L-51-T-95)

MERCON

V Ford Motor Company trademark ATF speci cation

MIL Military speci cation

MIL-L-210F Latest in a series of heavy-duty diesel lubricants designated by the U.S. mili-

tary for over-the-road and off-highway applications

MIL-L-2105C U.S. military speci cations for mobile equipment gear lubricant, now

superseded

MIL-L-2105D U.S. military speci cation for mobile equipment gear lubricants; active

through 1995

MIL-PRF-2105E U.S. military gear speci cation, issued on August 22, 1995

MIRA Motor Industry Research Association (United Kingdom)

MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan)

MOD Ministry of Defense

MOE Ministry of Energy (United Kingdom)

MOFT Minimum oil  lm thickness

MOL Ministry of Labor (Japan)

MON Motor octane number

MOT Ministry of Transport (United Kingdom)

MOU Memorandum of understanding

MRV Minirotary viscometer—a measure of oil pumpability at various temperatures

(ASTM D 3829 and ASTM D 4683)

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets

MT-1 Manual transmissions speci cations, issued in 1995 (API)

MTAC Multiple test acceptance criteria

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698 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

MTBE Methyl t-butyl ether

MTF Manual transmission  uid

MVEG Motor Vehicle Emissions Group (Europe)

MVMA Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association (U.S. passenger cars)

MWF Metalworking  uid(s)

NA Normally (or naturally) aspirated (diesel engine)

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards (United States)

NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers (United States)

NAEGA North American Export Grain Association

NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement

NATC Net additive treat rate

NCM National Comite Motorproeven (Netherlands) (CEC)

NCPA National Cottonseed Products Association

NCWM National Conference on Weights and Measures

NDOCP Nondispersant ole n copolymer

NDTC Net delivered treat rate

NDVM Nondispersant viscosity modi er

NEB National Energy Board (NA)

National Environmental Board (Thailand)

NEDO New Energy and Technology Development Organization (Japan)

NEFI New England Fuel Institute

NEL National Engineering Laboratory (United Kingdom)

NESCAUM Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management

NESHAP National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants

NFPA National Fluid Power Association

NGEO Natural gas engine oil

NGFA National Grain and Feed Association

NI Nonpolarity index

NIOP National Institute of Oilseed Products

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (United States)

NLEV National low-emission vehicle

NLGI National Lubricating Grease Institute (United States)

NLP No-longer polymers

NMHC Nonmethane hydrocarbon

NMMA National Marine Manufacturers Association (United States) (formerly Boating

Industry Association [BIA])

NMOG Nonmethane organic gases (includes alcohols)

NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance

NOACK NOACK volatility; DIN 51851 (ASTM D 5800)

NOPA National Oilseed Processors Association

NORA National Oil Recyclers Association (United States)

NOX Nitrogen oxide

NPA National Petroleum Association (United States)

NPG Neopentylglycol

NPI Nonpolarity index

NPRA National Petroleum Re ners Association (United States)

NRC Natural Resources Canada

NRCC National Research Council of Canada

NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NRL Naval Research Laboratory

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Lubricant Industry–Related Terms and Acronyms 699

NSF National Sanitation Foundation—a nongovernmental, nonpro t corporation

assumed the role formerly held by USDA. NSF creates registry numbers for

approved lubricant products.

NTC-400 Cummins diesel engine test

NUTEK Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical Development

OCP Ole n copolymer viscosity modi er or viscosity index improver

ODI Oil drain interval

ODP Ozone depleting potential

ODS Ozone depleting substance

OEM Original equipment manufacturer (e.g., GM and Ford)

OICA Organization Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (was BPICA)

OMB Of ce of Management and Budget (United States)

OMS Of ce of Mobile Sources (U.S. EPA)

ON Octane number

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OPEST Oil Protection of Emission Systems Test

ORD Octane requirement decrease

Of ce of Research and Development (U.S. EPA)

ORI Octane requirement increase

ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (United States)

OTA Of ce of Technology Assessment (United States)

OTAG Ozone Transport Assessment Group

OTC Ozone Transport Commission

Oxidation One of several modes of oil degradation. The process generally involves the

addition of oxygen to the lubricant structure, followed by cleavage or poly-

merization, resulting in unfavorable oil properties and performance.

Package Formulation of various chemical compounds

PADD Petroleum Administration for Defense District

PAG Polyalkene glycols, polyalkylene glycols

PAH Polyaromatic hydrocarbons

PAHO Pan American Health Organization

PAJ Petroleum Association of Japan

PAO Polyalphaole n; base stocks of various viscosity classi cations

PAPTG Product Approval Protocol Task Group (CMA0)

PBT Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic

PC Proposed classi cation

PCD Passenger car diesel

PCEO Passenger car engine oil

PCMO Passenger car motor oil

PCTFE Polychlorotri uoroethylene

PDSC Pressure differential scanning calorimetry

PDVSA Petroleos de Venezuela

PE Pentaerythritol

PEA Polyether amine

PEC Petroleum Energy Center

PFPAE Per uoropolyalkylether

PFPE Per uoropolyether

Phenolic Antioxidant based on 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol chemistry or other alkylated

phenolics

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700 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

PIB Polyisobutene

PIBSA Polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride; precursor for ashless dispersants

PIO Polyinternalole ns

PM Particulate matter

2.5

Particulate matter <2.5 µm diameter

Particulate matter <10 µm diameter

PMA Polymethacrylate

PMAA Petroleum Marketers Association of America

PMC Pensky-Martin Closed Cup— ash point test

PNA Polynuclear aromatic

PNGV Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (United States)

POFA Polymerized fatty acids

Poise The CGS unit of absolute viscosity (dyne s/cm

) as measured by the shear

stress required to move one layer of  uid along another over a total thickness

of 1 cm at a shear rate of 1 cm/s. Absolute viscosity values are independent

of density and are directly related to the resistance to  ow.

Pour point This is a widely used low-temperature  ow indicator and is 3°C above the tem-

perature at which normally a liquid petroleum product maintains  uidity. It is

a signi cant factor in cold-weather start-up, but must be considered along with

pumpability, the ease with which an oil forms a honeycomb or crystals at low

temperatures near the pour point. A conventional measure of the lower-tempera-

ture limit for low-temperature  ow of a lubricating  uid.

PPD Pour point depressant—an additive used to lower the pour point of an oil by

modifying the structure of wax crystals

PPE Polyphenyl ether

ppm Parts per million

PSA TU3M A Peugeot gasoline engine test to measure cam wear and scuf ng

(CEC-L-38-A-94)

A Peugeot gasoline engine test to measure high-temperature ring sticking and

piston varnish (CEC-L-55-T-95)

PSA XUD 11 A Peugeot diesel engine test to measure medium-temperature dispersivity

(soot-induced oil thickening) (CEC L-56-T-95)

PTFE Polytetra uoroethylene

PTIT Petroleum Institute of Thailand

PTT Petroleum Authority of Thailand

PVA Polymethacrylate viscosity index improver or viscosity modi er

PVC Pressure viscosity coef cient

PVE Polyvinyl ether

QPL Quali ed Products List (U.S. military)

RBOT Rotating bomb oxidation test

RCRA Resource Conservation Recovery Act

RFG Reformulated gasoline

RI Radial isoprene (star polymer) viscosity modi er or viscosity index improver

RME Rapeseed methyl ester

R&O Rust and oxidation—inhibited lubricant for use in circulating systems, com-

pressors, hydraulic systems, and gear cases

ROCOT Rotating compressor oxidation test

RON Research octane number

ROSE Rose Foundation—Recovery of Oil Saves the Environment

RSI Registration Systems, Inc. (CMA monitoring agency)

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Lubricant Industry–Related Terms and Acronyms 701

Rust inhibitor A lubricant additive for protecting ferrous (iron and steel) components from

rusting caused by water contamination or other harmful materials formed by

oil degradation. Some rust inhibitors operate similarly to corrosion inhibitors

by reacting chemically to form an inert  lm on metal surfaces. Other rust

inhibitors absorb water by incorporating it into a water-in-oil emulsion so

that only the oil touches the metal surfaces.

RVP Reid vapor pressure

SA (API) Service typical of older engines operated under such mild conditions that the

protection afforded by compounded oils is not required. This category should

not be used in any engine unless speci cally recommended by the equipment

manufacturer.

SAE Society of Automotive Engineers

SAIC Shanghai Automotive Industry Group

SAIT South African Institute of Tribologists

SARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

SB Styrene–butadiene viscosity modi er or viscosity index improver

SB (API) Service typical of older gasoline engines operated under such mild condi-

tions that only minimum protection afforded by compounding is desired.

Oils designed for this service have been used since 1930s and provide only

antiscuff capability and resistance to oil oxidation and bearing corrosion.

They should not be used in any engine unless speci cally recommended by

the equipment manufacturer.

SC (A[O]) Service typical of gasoline engines in 1964–1967 models of passenger cars and

some trucks operating under engine manufacturers’ warranties in effect dur-

ing those model years. Oils designed for this service provide control of high-

and low-temperature deposits, wear, rust, and corrosion in gasoline engines.

SCAQM South Coast (California) Air Quality Management

Scuf ng Wear caused by the localized welding and fracture of rubbing surfaces

SD (API) Service typical of gasoline engines in 1968–1970 models of passenger cars

and some trucks operating under engine manufacturers’ warranties in effect

during those model years. Also may apply to certain 1971 and later models

as speci ed (or recommended) in the owners’ manuals. Oils designed for this

service provide more protection against high- and low-temperature engine

deposits, wear, rust, and corrosion in gasoline engine than oils that are sat-

isfactory for API engine service category SC and may be used when API

engine service category SC is recommended.

SE (API) Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars and some trucks beginning

with 1972 and certain 1971 models operating under engine manufacturers’

warranties. Oils designed for this service provide more protection against oil

oxidation, high-temperature engine deposits, rust, and corrosion in gasoline

engines than oils that are satisfactory for API Engine Service Categories SD

or SC and may be used when either of these classi cations is recommended.

Sequence IIIE, F Engine test to simulate expressway driving to measure oxidation and wear

characteristics of formulated oils at high temperature

Sequence tests A series of (ASTM) industry-standardized tests used to determine the quality

of crankcase lubricants (i.e., Sequence IID, IIIE, VE, and VIA)

Sequence UL-38 Engine test similar to L-38 except fuel used is unleaded; test measures bearing

wear and deposits

Sequence VE, F Engine test to simulate stop-and-go driving and to measure sludge, varnish,

cam wear, and oil screen plugging

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702 Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications

Sequence VIA, B Engine test designed to measure fuel ef ciency properties of an engine oil

(VIA for ILSAC GF-2 and VIB for ILSAC GF-3)

SF (API) Service typical of gasoline engines in passenger cars and some trucks begin-

ning with the 1980 model year operating under manufacturers’ recommended

maintenance procedures. Oils developed for this service provide increased

oxidation stability and improved antiwear performance relative to oils that

meet the minimum requirements for API service category SE. The oils also

provide protection against engine deposits, rust, and corrosion. Oils meeting

API service classi cation SF may be used where API service categories SE,

SD, or SC are recommended.

Oils meeting the performance requirements measured in the following gaso-

line engine tests: the IID gasoline engine test has been correlated with vehi-

cles used in short-trip service before 1978, particularly with regard to rusting.

The IIIE gasoline engine test has been correlated with vehicles used in high-

temperature service before 1988, particularly with regard to oil thickening

and valve train wear. The VE gasoline engine test has been correlated with

vehicles used in stop-and-go service before 1988, particularly with regard to

sludge and valve train wear. The L-38 gasoline engine test requirement pro-

vides a measurement of copper–lead bearing weight loss and piston varnish

under high-temperature operating conditions. The 1-H2 diesel engine test

requirement provides a measurement of high-temperature deposits.

SH (API) Service requirement for gasoline engines and dated in 1993 for use in current

and earlier passenger car, van, and light-truck operation under vehicle manu-

facturers’ recommended maintenance procedures.

Oils developed for this category may be used where SG oils are recommended.

SH oil provides improved control of engine deposits, oil oxidation, wear, cor-

rosion, and rust relative to oils developed for previous categories.

Engine oils that meet SH designation may use the API Base Oil Interchangeabil-

ity Guidelines and API Guidelines for SAE Viscosity-Grade Engine Testing.

SHC Synthetic hydrocarbon

SHPD Super high-performance diesel

SHPDO Super high-performance diesel oil

SI Styrene–isoprene viscosity modi er or viscosity index improver spark ignition

Système Internationale—units of measurement (m, kg, s, K)

SIA Société des Ignenieurs de l’Automobile

SIAM Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturers

SIB Sulfurized isobutylene—a basic EP additive for gear lubricant packages

SIEF Substance Information Exchange Forum

SIGMA Society of Independent Gasoline Marketers of America

SIP Styrene–isoprene copolymer

SIP(s) State Implementation Plan(s)

SIS Sveriges Standardiseringskommission

SJ (API) Service requirement adopted for gasoline engines in 1996 for use in current

and earlier passenger car, sport utility vehicle, van, and light truck under

vehicle manufacturers’ recommended maintenance procedures

Oils developed for the category may be used where API SH and earlier catego-

ries are recommended.

Engine oils that meet the category may use the API Base Oil Interchange-

ability Guidelines and the API Guidelines for SAE Viscosity-Grade Engine

Testing.

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Lubricant Industry–Related Terms and Acronyms 703

SMDS Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis

SME Society of Manufacturing Engineers

SMM&T Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd. (United Kingdom)

SMR Svenska Mekanisters Riksforenig (National Organization in Sweden [CEC])

SMRP Society for Maintenance and Reliability Professionals

SNAP Signi cant New Alternatives Policy

SNCF Societe Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais

SNPRM Supplemental notice of proposed rule making

SNV Schweizerische Normenvereinigung (National Organization, Switzerland)

(CEC)

SOF Soluble oil fraction

SOT Spin orbit tribometer

SSI Shear stability index

SSU or SUS Saybolt Second Universal or Saybolt Universal Second—a measure of visco-

sity, or a  uid’s resistance to  ow

STLE Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers

STOU Super tractor oil universal—a term commonly applied to a lubricant that can

be used for all applications of a tractor, including hydraulic, engine, wet

brakes, and gear

SULEV Super ultralow-emission vehicle

SUV Sport utility vehicle

SwRI Southwest Research Institute

T-8 Engine test used by Mack Truck Company in specifying heavy-duty diesel

lubricants, extended to 300 h

T-9 Engine test used by Mack Truck Company in specifying heavy-duty diesel lubri-

cants, more severe (higher-soot loading) test required for CH-4 speci cations

TAD Technische Vereinigung fur Mineralöladditive in Deutschland EV (subgroup

of the ATC)

TAN Total acid number—a measure of a lubricant’s acidity

TBEP Tributoxyethyl phosphate

TBN Total base number—a measure of the acid-neutralizing property of a lubricat-

ing oil

TBP Tributyl phosphate

TBPP tert-butylphenyl phenyl phosphate

TBS Tapered bearing simulator (ASTM D 4683)

TCP Tricresyl phosphate

t-CVT Toroidal CVT

TCW-3 Water-cooled two-cycle engine oil speci cation

TEOST Thermal engine oil stability test

TFB Swedish Transport Research Board

TFMO Thin- lm micro-oxidation test

TFOUT Thin- lm oxygen uptake test

TGA Thermogravimetric analysis

THCT Turbo hydramatic cycling test; part of DEXRON

quali cation program

ThOD Theoretical oxygen demand

THOT Turbo hydramatic oxidation test; part of DEXRON

quali cation program

TiBP Triisobutyl phosphate

TISI Thailand Industrial Standards Institute

TLEV Transitional low-emission vehicle

TLTC Transmission Lubricants Technical Committee (of CEC)

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