Рубин А.Б.Лекции по биофизике

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LEKCII PO

BIOFIZIKE

A. B. Rubin

Moskovski Gosudarstvenny Universitet

1998



H=E:<E?GB?

IJ?>BKEH<B? 

E_dpby >BG:FBQ?KDB?K<HCKL<:;BHEH=BQ?KDBO

IJHP?KKH<  

E_dpby LBIU>BG:FBQ?KDH=HIH<?>?GBY;BHEH

=BQ?KDBOKBKL?F 

E_dpby DBG?LBD:N?JF?GL:LB<GUOIJHP?KKH< 

E_dpby J:KIJ?>?E,GGU?;BHEH=BQ?KDB?KBKL?FU  

E_dpby F:L?F:LBQ?KDB?FH>?EB<WDHEH=BB 

E_dpby L?JFH>BG:FBD:G?H;J:LBFUOIJHP?KKH<

<;BHEH=BQ?KDBOKBKL?F:O<;EBABJ:<

GH<?KBY  

E_dpby L?JFH>BG:FBD:KBKL?F<>:EBHLJ:<GH 

<?KBY 

E_dpby NBABDHOBFBQ?KDB?IJBGPBIUKLJH?GBY

;BHIHEBF?JH< 

E_dpby <GMLJBFHE?DMEYJG:Y>BG:FBD:;?EDH< 

E_dpby NBABQ?KDB?FH>?EB>BG:FBQ?KDHCIH>

<B@GHKLB;?EDH<  

E_dpby FB=J:PBYWG?J=BBBI?J?GHKWE?DLJHG:<

;BHKLJMDLMJ:O 

E_dpby F?O:GBAFUN?JF?GL:LB<GH=HD:L:EBA: 

E_dpby NBABDHOBFBQ?KDB?HKH;?GGHKLB;BHEH

=BQ?KDBOF?F;J:GBHGGU?J:<GH<?KBY 

E_dpby I:KKB<GUCLJ:GKIHJL<?S?KL<Q?J?A

F?F;J:GM 

E_dpby D:G:EUBI?J?GHKQBDB:DLB<GUCLJ:GK

IHJL 

E_dpby LJ:GKIHJLBHGH<<<HA;M>BFUOF?F;J:

G:O 

E_dpby I?J<BQGU?IJHP?KKULJ:GKNHJF:PBB

WG?J=BB<NHLHKBGL?A? 

E_dpby LJ:GKNHJF:PBYWG?J=BB<;BHF?F;J:G:O  



IJ?>BKEH<B?

;bhnbabdZ±wlhgZmdZ\dexqZxs Zy l_hj_lbq_kdb_ihkljh_gby b

fh^_ebhkgh\Zggu_gZkh\j_f_gguonbabdhobfbq_kdb oij_^klZ\e_gb

yoHgbhljZ`Zxlnbabq_kdb_hkh[_gghklbfhe_dmeyjghchj]ZgbaZpbbb

we_f_g l Zjguoijhp_kkh\`b\h]hdhlhju_\k\hxhq_j_^vkha^Zxl fhe_

dmeyjgmx hkgh\m [bheh]bq_kdbo y\e_gbc Baeh`_gb_ ihegh]h dmjkZ

[bhnbabdb lj_[m_l h[rbjgh]h [bheh]bq_ kdh]h fZl_jbZeZ Z lZd`_ ^h

ihegbl_evgh]h ijb\e_q_gby kh\j_f_gguo i j_^klZ\e_gbc nbabdb ob

fbb fZl_fZlbdb Wlh g_h[oh^bfh ^ey lh]h qlh[u mqZsb _ky

ihqm\kl\h\Zeb ki_pb nbq_kdmx ijbjh^m b k\h_h[jZab_ fhe_d meyjguo

[bheh]bq_kdboijhp_kkh\m\b^_eb dZdwlb hkh[_gghklb ijhy\eyxlk y \

[bheh]bq_kdbo kb kl _f Zo Bf_ggh \ wlhf khklhbl kmlv kh\j_f_ggh]h

[bhnbabq_kdh]h ih^oh^Z d Zg Zeb am [bheh]bq_ kdbo ijhp_kkh\ H^gZdh

\uiheg_gb_wlhcaZ^Zqbkhijy`_ghk[hevrbfh[t_fhfljm^gh]h mq_[

gh]hfZl_jbZeZhk\h_gb_dhlhjh]hlj_[m_l fgh]h\j_f_gbb\hafh`gh\

hkgh\ghfebrvmqZsbfbky[ebadh]hd[bhnbabd_ ijhnbeyLZdmq_[gbd

ih[bhnbabd_\ur_^r bc\]Jm[bg:;;bhnbabdZDgF

<ukrZy rdheZ  i j_^gZagZq_g \ hkg h\ghf ^ey klm^_glh\ b Zkib 

jZglh\ki_pbZebabjmxsboky\h[eZklb[bhnbabdbbhl^_evguojZa^_eh\

nbabdhob f b q_kdhc [bheh]bb b dhg_qgh \_kvfZ ljm^_g ^ey mqZsboky

^jm]h]hijhnbey<f_kl_ k l_f baeh`_gb_l_hj_lbq_kdbo hkgh\ b \Z`

g_crbo j_amevlZlh\ [bhnbabdb ^ey [bheh]h\ rbjhdh]h ijhnbey \ha

fh`gh b \ jZfdZo k_f_kljh\h]h e_dpbhggh]h dmjkZ dhlhjuc Z\lhj

qblZ_lgZ [bheh]bq_kdhfnZdmevl_l_ F=Mk]Wlbf \ua\Zgh ihy\

e_gb_ gZkl hys_cdgb]b dhlhjZykh^_j`bldjZldh_baeh`_gb_hkgh\guo

jZa^_eh\[bhnbabdbbij_^gZagZq_gZ^ey[bheh]h\rbjhdh]hijhnbey

BaaZh]jZgbq_gghklbe_dpbhggh]hdmjkZbg_h[oh^bfhklbkhojZ

g_gby_]heh]bq_kdhc p_ehklghklbbaZdhgq_gghklb\^Zggmx dgb]m g_

\hr ebfgh]b_\Z`gu_jZa^_eu [bhnbabdbdhlhju_ih^jh[ghbaeh`_gu

\mq_[gbd_

:\lhjkqblZ_lk\hbfijbylguf^he] hf\ujZablvbkdj_ggxxijb

agZl_evghklv=XJbagbq_gdhaZihfhsv\ih^]hlh\d_jmdhibkbbjy^

p_gguokh\_lh\b aZf_qZgbcZlZd`_ :BDhfZjh\m H<OZelmjbghc b

KKOjmsz\maZih^]hlh\dmdi_qZlb\lhjh]hba^Zgbydgb]b



E_dpby>BG:FBQ?KDB?K<HCKL<:

;BHEH=BQ?KDBOIJHP?KKH<

;bheh]bq_kdZy dbg_lbdZ  <hkgh\_ijhp_kkh\h[f_gZde_ldbkh

kj_^hcb\gmlj_gg_]hf_lZ[hebafZe_`bl keh`gZyk_lvhj]Zgbah\Zgguo

hij_^_e_ggufh[jZahf\h\j_f_gb bijhkljZgkl\_jZaebqguoj_Zdpbc <

[bheh]bq_kdbo kbkl_f Zo dZ`^uc ba khklZ\guo we_f _g l h\ gZoh^blky \

ihklhygghfbg_jZaju\ghf\aZbfh^_ckl\bb^jm]k^jm]hfqlhbhij_^_

ey_l\hkgh\ghfijbjh^m^bgZfbq_kdh]hih\_^_gbyp_ehklguo[bheh]b

q_kdbokb kl _f  f_oZgbafubokZfhj_]meypb b  bmijZ\e_gbygZau\Z_fu_

[bheh]bq_kdhc dbg_lbdhc < j_amevlZl_ wlbo i jhp_kkh\ baf_gyxlky

dhgp_gljZpbbjZaebqguo \_s_kl\ qbke_g ghklv hl^_evguo de_lhd [bh

fZkkZ hj]Zgbafh\ fh]ml baf_gylvky b ^jm]b_ \_ebqbgu gZijbf_j

ljZgkf_f [jZggucihl_gpbZe\de_ld_Hkgh\gu_bkoh^gu_ij_^ihkuedb

ijbhibkZgbbdbg_lbdb\[bheh]bq_kd bokbkl _f Zo\h[s_flZdb_`_dZd

b\obfbq_kdhcdbg_lbd_

KqblZ_lkyqlhbaf_g_gbyi_j_f_gguo\_ebqbg\ dZ`^uc fhf_gl

\j_f_gb fh]ml [ulv hib kZg u khhl\_lkl\mxsbf b ^bnn_j_gpbZevgufb

mjZ\g_gbyfb Djhf_  i_j_f_gguo \_ebqbg d b g _l b q_kdZy kb kl_fZ h[eZ

^Z_lgZ[hjhfhij_^_e_gguoiZjZf_ ljh\dhlhju_g_baf_gyxlky\h \j_

fy gZ[ex^_gby aZ g_c b oZjZdl_jbamxl mkeh\by ijhl_dZgby j_Zdp b c

l_f i _jZlmjZ\eZ`ghklvjGw e_dl jbq_kdZyijh\h^bfhklv DZd ijZ\b

eh kZfb agZq_gb y dhgklZgl kdhjhkl_c j_Zdpb c  hij_ ^_eyxlk y lZdbfb

iZjZf_ljZfb

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