Рубин А.Б.Лекции по биофизике

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.



khhl\_lkl\m_l k_f_ckl \h iZjZee_evg uo ijyfuo Baf_gyy D beb \g_r

gxxdhgp_gljZpbxkm[kljZlZ6



e_]dh\b^_lvqlhkb kl_fZ fh`_lbf_lv

hlh^gh]h^hlj_oklZpbhgZjguokhklhygbc

Baf_gyyagZq_gb _mijZ\eyxs_]hiZjZf_ljZDfh`ghf_gylvqbk

ehklZpbhgZjguo lhq_d<bgl_j\Ze_D





DD



dZ`^hfmagZq_gbxD

hl\_qZxl ljb jZaebqguo klZpbhgZjguo khklhygby kbkl_f u Z agZq_gb y



 b  D



 ijb dhlhjuo baf_gy_lky qbkehklZpbhgZjguo lhq_d y\eyxlky

[bnmjdZpbhggufb

JbkAZ\bkbfhklvqbkeZklZpbhgZjguokhklhygbchlagZq_gbc

iZjZf_ljZZbbomklhcqb\hklv\kbkl_f_kkm[kljZlgufm]g_l_gb_f

bh[jZlbfufijblhdhfkm[kljZlZ

KlZpbhgZjgu_lhqdbhlebqZxl k y ih k\h_c mklhcqb\hklb LZdijb

D D





balj_oklZpbhgZjguo lhq_d ccc66



bccc6



 lhqdZ cc6





g_mk

lhcqb\ZZ c6



b cc6



  mklhcqb\u<wlhf e_]dhm[_^blvkyijh\_^yZgZ

ebagZmklhcqb\hklvkf jbk<kZfhf^_e_



imklv\j_amevlZl_ g_dh

lhjh]hhld ehg_gb y'6







 hlklZpbhgZjghcl hqdb c6



\_ebqbgZ6klZeZ

f_gvr_ klZpbhgZjgh]hag Zq_gb y c6



<h[eZklb6 c6



kdhjhk lvijblh

dZkm[kljZlZ [hevr_kdhjhklb  _]h hllhdZ

ijbl



 b ke_^h\Zl_evgh

i_j_f_ggZy6[m^_l jZklb\gh\v ijb[eb`Zykv d c6



 ?keb `_ hldehg_



gb_hlklZpbhgZjghc lhqdb'6!l_6! c6



lh \wlhch[eZklb

ijbl



 b 6 [m^_l mf_g vrZlvky\ha\jZsZykv dklZpbhgZjghfmagZq_gbx c6





LZdbf h[jZahf ijb ex[hf hldehg_g bb hlklZpbhgZjgh]h khklhygby



kbkl_fZ[m^_l\g_]h\ha\jZsZlvkybke_^h\Zl_evghkhklhygb_ c6



mklhcqb\h:gZeh]bqgu_jZkkm`^_gbyihdZau\Zxl qlh lhqdZ cc6



 g_mk

lhcqb\ZZ ccc6



±mklhcqb\ZMklhcqb\u_ lhqdb jZkiheh`_gu gZ djb\hc

6 gZ mqZkldZo :< b &' Z g_mklhcqb\u_ gZ mqZkld_ <K Fh`gh ih

kljhblv ]jZnbd



D



aZ\bkbf hklb  klZpbhgZjguo khklhygbc

hl\_ebqbgumijZ\eyxs_]h iZjZf_ljZZBa jbk  \b^gh dZdijb ba

f_g_gbbD



kbkl_f Zfh`_li_j_dexqZlvkybah^gh]hmklhcqb\h]h j_`bfZ

\^jm]hc

Ij_^iheh`bfqlh\bkoh^ghf khklhygbbkbkl _f ZgZoh^blky\lhq

d_ :gZ\_jog_c\_l\bdjb\hc 6



D Ijbkgb`_gbbk dhjhklb ijblhdZb

mf_gvr_gb b Dkbkl_fZ[m^_li_j_f_sZlvky\e_\h\^hev\_jog_cmklhc

qb\hc \_l\b :< klZpbhgZjguo khklhygbc Ijb ^hklb`_gbb [bnmjdZpb

hggh]hag Zq_g b yiZjZf_ljZD



kbkl_fZihdbg_l g_mklhcqb\mxl hqdm< b

kh\_jrb lkdZqdhh[jZaguci_j_oh^% o '  gZgb`gxx\_l\vmklhcqb\uo

klZpbhgZjguo khklhygbc M\_ebqb\Zy \gh\v agZq_gb _ iZjZf_ljZ hl D



^hD



fh`ghi_j_\_klb kbkl _f m\^hevmklhcqb\hc \_l\b'&^h[bnmjdZ

pbhgghc lhqdbKIhke_^hklb`_gbywlhclhqdb kbkl_fZkdZqdhh[jZagh

\_jg_lky\bkoh^gh_khklhygb_gZ\_jogxx\_l\v :<

LZdbfh[jZahfgZrZ kb kl _f Zfh`_l nmgdpbhgbjh\Zlv\h^ghfba

^\momklhcqb\uoklZpbhgZjguokhklhygbcbke_^h\Zl_evghhgZh[eZ^Z

_lljb]]_jgufbk\hckl\ZfbGZijZ\e_gb_i_j_oh^h\b j_ZebaZpbyh^gh

]h beb ^jm]h]h mklhcqb\h]h khklhygby aZ\bkyl hl lh]h ijhbkoh^bl

mf_gvr_gb _ beb m\_ebq_

gb_iZjZf_ljZWlhk\hckl\h kbkl_

fu  kh\_jrZlv jZaebqgufb im

lyfbi_j_oh^ba h^gh]hkhklhygby\

^jm]h_ \ aZ\bkbfhklb

hlij_^u^ms_]hm\_ebq_gby'& o

:< beb mf_gvr_g b y:< o  ' & 

iZjZf_ljZbebhl ij_^uklhjbbkbk

l_fu  gZau\Z_lky]bkl_j_abkhf

I_jbh^bq_kdh_ ^\b`_gb_ \^hev

]bkl_j_abkgh]hpbdeZ : o  <  o  ' 

o  &  o  :  ghkbl dhe_[Zl_evg uc

oZjZdl_j

KbevgZy g_ebg_cghklv h[m

keh\e_ggZy f_oZgbafZfb km[kljZl

gh]h m]g_l_gby Z  lZd`_ gZ ebqb_

JbkDjb\ZyklZpbhgZjguo

khklhygbc

D\kbkl_f_kkm[

kljZlgufm]g_l_gb_fbh[jZlb

fufijblhdhfkm[kljZlZ



[ukljuobf_^e_gguoi_j_f_gguokem`Zlijbqbghcihy\e_gby\kb kl_

f_f g h`_kl \_gguoklZpbhgZjguokhklhygbcbljb]]_jguob ]bkl_j_abk

guok\hckl\

Dh e_[Zgby \ n_jf_glZlb\guo kbkl_fZoh[mkeh\e_guZg Zeh]bq

gufb ijbqbgZfb Ihkdhevdm \ n_jf_glZlb\guo kbkl_fZh[uqgh dhg

p_gljZpby km[kljZlZ gZfgh]h ij_\urZ_l dhgp_gljZpbx n_jf_glZ lh

wlhkha^Z_lmkeh\b_kms_kl\h\Zgby^\mokbevghjZaebqZxsb okyf Zkrl Z

[h\\j_f_gb^eykm[kljZlZbn_jf_glkh^_j`Zsbodhfie_dkh\>eyg_aZ

lmoZxsbo dhe_[Zgbcg_ij_f_ggufmkeh\b_f y\ey_lky hldjuluc oZjZd

l_jkb kl _f uihkdhevdm \aZfdgmluo n_jf_glZlb\guo kbkl_fZo gZ[ex

^ZxlkyebrvaZlmoZxsb_dhe_[Zgby

GZb[he__ jZkijhkljZg_gg Zy ijbqbgZ g_ebg_cghklb [bhobfbq_

kdbokbkl_fk\yaZgZkgZebqb_fh[jZlguok\ya_c\p_ibj_Zdp b c  dh]^Z

ijh^mdl m]g_lZ_l beb Zdlb \bjm_l j_Zdpb x Z lZd`_ ijb mkeh\bb km[

kljZlgh]hm]g_l_gbyWlb nZdlhjuhdZau\Zxlkb evgh_ ^_klZ[bebabjmx

s__ ^_ckl\b_ gZkbkl_fu kihkh[kl\my ihy\e_gbx \ g_c g_mklhcqb\hc

hkh[hc lhqdb hdheh  dhlhjhc fh`_l h[jZah\u\Zlvky i j_^_evguc pbde

Mkeh\b_f mklhcqb\h]h Z\lhdhe_[Zl_evgh]h j_`bfZ y\ey_lky g Zebqb_

g_mklhcqb\hklb\kbkl_f_

JZkkfhljbfko_fmj_Zdpb b kkm[kljZlgufbijh^mdlgufm]g_l_gb



Baf_g_gb_ dhgp_gljZpbc f_^e_gguo i_j_f_gguo ijh^mdlZ

bkm[kljZlZhibku\Z_lkymjZ\g_gbyfb







 

  



AZf _lbfqlh6J^he`gu [ulvi j_^klZ\e_gu\\b^_[_ajZaf_jguo

\_ebqbg  66 33  H^gZdh^eyijhklhlufu\_a^_himkdZ_fhi_ jZ

pbx\\_^_gby[_ajZaf_jgu oi_j_f_gguo<wlhckbkl_f_m]g_l_gb_ijh

bkoh^bl\j_amevlZl_g_dhgdmj_glgh]hbg]b[bjh\Zgbyijh^mdlhfbkm[

kljZlhfihko_f_

6(6 (66

3(6 (63

3( (3

3(66 (663



<kemqZ_dh]^Zj_Zdpb y ijblh

dZ km[kljZlZ h[jZlbfZ hl

lhdijh^md lZebg_cguc AZ\bkbf hklv

6 ghkbl \b^ dhehdhehh[jZaghc

djb\hckfZdkbfmfhf

:gZeba i hd Zau\Z_l qlh qbkeh

klZpbhgZjguo khklhygbc kb kl _f u b

bo mklhcqb\hklv aZ\bkyl hl ]em[bgu

ijh^mdlg h]h m]g_l_gby Ijb keZ[hf

m]g_l_gbb ijh^mdlhf hlghkbl_evgZy

dhgp_gljZpby km[kljZlZ [m^_l [ukl

jhci_j_f_gghcihkjZ\g_gbxkdhg

p_gljZpb_c ijh^md lZ Ijb wlhf \

kbkl_f _ j_Zebam_lky_^bgkl\_ggh_

klZpbhgZjgh_ g_mklhcqb\h_ khklhy

gb_jZkiheh`_ggh_gZg_mklhcqb\hc qZklb oZjZdl_jbklbdb

6<kbk

l_f_\hagbdZxlZ\lhdhe_[Zgby\hdjm]g_mklhcqb\h]h khklhygbygZnZah

\hciehkdhklb6Jjbkijb^\b`_gbb__\^hevpbdeZK o  :  o  ' 

o  %  o  K   Lhqdb:b<e_`ZlgZ]jZgbpZomklhcqb\uo:K b '%bg_

mklhcqb\hc:< \_l\_cd\ZabklZpbhgZjghcdjb\hc



6 >\b`_gb_ih

\_l\bK: kh\_jrZ_l ky ih gZijZ\e_gbx d lhqd_ :Ko: k gZdhie_gb_f

ijh^mdlZlZddZd\h[eZklbK: kdhjhklvY



hllhdZ ijh^mdlZf_gvr_kdh

jhklb_]hh[jZah\Zgby < djblbq_kdhclhqd_ $ ijb



 kbkl_fZ l_jy

_lmklhcqb\hklv b kd Zqdhf i_j_oh^bl \ lhqdm ' \_l\b '% gZ d hlhjhc

kdhjhk lvhllhdZY



klZgh\blky[hevr_kdhjhkl bj_Zdpbb<ke_^kl\ b_wlh

]hdhgp_gljZpby ijh^mdlZgZqbgZ_l\gh\vm[u\ZlvZkdhjhklv

jZkl_l 

>hklb]gm\ lhqdb %



 kb kl _f Z\gh\v l_jy_l mklhcqb\hklv b

kju\Z_lky \ [ukljh_ ^\b`_gb_ih gZijZ\e_gbx d bkoh^ghc lhqd_ K

>Ze__pbdeih\lhjy_lkyZkbkl_fZkh\_jrZ_lZ\lhdhe_[Zgby

H[s b_mkeh\by\hagbdgh\_gbydhe_[Zgbc \n_jf_glZlb\g uoj_Zd

pbyo ij_^iheZ]Zxl gZebqb_ [hevrh]h qbkeZ ijhf_`mlhqguo klZ^bc \

hld julhcp_ib:gZebaihdZaZeqlh wlhj_Zeb am_lky\ihebn_jf_glguo

dhevp_\uo kbkl_fZo ]^_ dhg_qgucijh^mdl \eby_l gZ kdhjhklv gZqZev

ghcklZ^bbWlbkbkl_fugZau\Zxlkydhevp_\ufb

Klj_edZh[jZlghck\yabihdZau\Z_lm]g_lZxs__ \ebygb_dhg_qgh

]hijh^mdlZgZZdlb\ghklvdexq_\h]hn_jf_glZ(





G_ebg_cgZydbg_lbdZj_]meypbyih ijbgpbimh[jZlghck\yabb_

jZjobyoZjZdl_jguo\j_f_gbaf_g_gbyi_j_f_gguo hi j_^_eyxljZaebq

gu_ lbiu ^bgZfbq_kdh]h ih\_^_gby [bheh]bq_kdbo i jhp_kkh\ Hlebq

JbkIj_^_evgucpbde

gZnZah\hciehkdhklbkbkl_

fuijbfZehc]em[bg_

ijh^mdlgh]hm]g_l_gby





gu_ihk\h_cijbjh^_[b heh]b q_kdb_ ijhp_kkuoZjZdl_jbamxlky l_fg_

f_g__ [ebadbfb ^bgZfbq_kdbfb k\hckl\Zfb lbiheh]bq_kdb koh^gufb

nZah\ufbihjlj_lZfbbboaZ\bkbf hklyfb hlmijZ\eyxs bo iZjZf_ljh\

GZ hkgh\Zgbbwlh]h \hafh`gh jZajZ[hlZlv d eZkkb nb d Zpbb [bhobfbq_

kdbokbkl_fihlbiZfbo^bgZfbq_kdh]hih\_^_gbyGZijbf_jg_kdhev

dh lbih\uo fZl_fZlbq_kdbo fh^_e_c ZgZeh]bqguo ih k\h_ckljmdlmj_

ko_f_  d  dhlhjuf fh`gh k\_klb jZaebqgu_ dbg_lbq_kdb_ ko_fu

^ey kjZ\gbl_evgh]h bamq_gbyiZjZf_ljbq_kdbo oZjZdl_jbklbd bo ^bgZ

fbq_kdh]hih\_^_gby



E_dpbyJ:KIJ?>?E?GGU?

;BHEH=BQ?KDB?KBKL?FU

JZkkfhljbf fh^_eb ]^_ i_j_f_ggu_ baf_gyxlky g_ lhevdh \h

\j_f_gbghb\ijhkljZgkl\_<hlebqb_hllhq_qguolZdb_fh^_ebgZ

au\ZxlkyjZkij_^_e_ggufb\ijhkljZgkl\_< jZkij_^_e_gguo kbkl_

fZo fh]ml i jhl_dZlv \ hl^_evguo lhqdZo ijhkljZgkl\Z obfbq_kdb _

ij_\jZs_gby\_s_kl\bh^gh\j_f_ggh i jhbkoh^blv^bnnmabyhl^_evguo

\_s_kl\bawe_f_g l Zjguoh[t_fh\k\ukhdhcdhgp_gljZpb_c\h[t_fuk

f_gvr_c dhgp_gljZpb_c LZdbf h[jZahf k\yav f_`^m khk_^gbfb we_

f_glZjgufb h[t_fZfb hkms_kl \ey_lky aZ kq_l ijhp_kkh\ i_j_ghkZ <

[bheh]bq_kdbo kbkl_f ZoZdlb\gu_ f_f[jZgu ldZgb khh[s_kl\Z hj]Z

gbafh\lZd`_kms_kl\mxlb jZkij_^_e_ggu_bklhqgbdbwg_j]bbQZklv

wlhcwg_j]bb^bkkbibjm_l \ w e_f _g lZjg uoh[t_fZokbkl_fuLZdb_kbk

l_fuhlghkylkydZdlb\gufjZkij_^_e_ggufkbkl_fZf

Ijbf_jhf [bheh]bq_k dh]h i jhp_kkZ ijhl_dZxs_]h \ jZki j_^_

e_gghckbkl_f_ kem` b l  h[jZah\Zgb _  kljmd lmj\fhjnh]_g_a_ Hgh ijh

bkoh^bl g_ aZ kq_l \g_rgbo lheqdh\ Z kZfhijhba\hevgh gZ hkgh\_

bgnhjfZpbb aZdexq_gghc  \ hieh^hl\hj_gghc ycp_de_ld_ \ bkoh^gh

ijhkljZgkl\_ggh h^ghjh^g hc kj_^_ J_qv b^_l \ ^Zgghf kemqZ_ h \ha

gbdgh\_gbb \ Zdl b \ghc jZkij_^_e_gghc kbkl_f _ klZpbhgZjguo ijh

kljZgkl\_ggh g_h^ghjh^guo kl jmdlmj >jm]hc ijbf_j

jZkijhkljZg_gb_\heg\ha[m`^_gby\g_j\ghcbebfur_qghcldZgb

MjZ\g_gb_ ^ey jZk i j_ ^_ e_ g g hc  kbkl _fu  Bkke_^h\Zgb_ ijh

kl_crb o fh^_e_c ihdZaZeh qlh jZaebqgu_ lbiu ih\_^_gby Zdlb \guo

jZkij_^_e_gguokbkl_f fh]ml [ulvhib kZg ug_ebg_cgufb^bnn_j_gpb 

ZevgufbmjZ\g_gbyfb\qZklg uoijhba\h^guo]^_mqblu\Zxlkyobfbq_

kdb_j_Zdpbbb^bnnmabyj_Z]_glh\



JbkmghdJZkij_^_e_ggZykbkl_fZkh^ghci_j_f_gghcomqZkl

\mxs_c\obfbq_kdhfijhp_kk_b^bnnmg^bjmxs_c\^hevmadhcljm[db

JZkkfhljbfijhkl_crbckemqZch^ghci_j_f_gghcodhlhjZymqZ

kl\m_l\obfbq_kdhfijhp_kk_bh^gh\j_f_ggh^bnnmg^bjm_l\^hevma

dhc ljm[dbjbk  >bnnmaguc ihlhd \_s_kl\Zl _ f ZkkZ

ijhoh^ysZy\_^bgbpm\j_f_gb q_j_a_^bgbpmiehsZ^bi_ji_g^bdmeyj

ghcdgZijZ\e_gbx^bnnmabbijhihjpbhgZe_g]jZ^b_glmdhgp_gljZpbb

wlh]h\_s_kl\Z\aylhfmkh[jZlgufagZdhf

FUW





 

]^_'dhwnnbpb_gl^bnnmabb

Fh`ghihdZaZlvqlhbaf_g_gb_ dhgp_gljZpbb\_s_kl\Z\h \j_f_

gbaZkq_lijhp_kkh\^bnnmabb\ w e_f_g l Zjghf  h[t_f_ ljm[db aZdex

q_gghff_`^mlhqdZfbUbU'UaZ\bkblhljZag hk lbihlhdh\,\lhqdZoU

bU'Ub\ij_^_e_ijb'UojZ\gh

FUW





?kebdhwnnbpb_gl^bnnmabb'ihklhyg_glhmjZ\g_gb_^bnnmabb

bf__l\b^

FUW





 

MjZ\g_gb_  hibku\Z_l baf_g_gb_ \h \j_f_gb dhgp_gljZpbb

\_s_kl\Zdh]^Z \kbkl_f_ ijhbkoh^bl lhevdh ^bnnmaby H^gZdh djhf_

^bnnmabb ijhbkoh^yl b obfbq_kdb_ j_Zdpbb dhlhjuf \ ijhkl_cr_f

kemqZ_khhl\_lkl\mxllhq_qgu_qe_gu

IF

H[s__mjZ\g_gb_^eyba

f_g_gbykaZkq_lobfbq_kdhcj_Zdpbbb^bnnmabbbf__l\b^

IF '

 





?keb\kbkl_f_bf__lkyg _kd hevdh\_s_kl \

FF F

Q



lh\f_klh

gZ^haZibkZlv

IFF F '

LQL

        





 



Bkke_^ h \Z gb_ fh^_e_c jZkij_ ^_ e_ g g uo kbkl _f ij_^klZ\ey_l

kh[hcljm^gmxaZ^ZqmgZdhl hjhcfuhkl Zgh\bfkyebrv \kZf uoh[sbo

q_jlZ o>eyj_r_gbykbkl_f h[udgh\_gguo ^bnn_j_gpbZevguo mjZ\g_

gbclhq_qguo fh^_e_c g_h[oh^bfh [ueh aZ^Zlv gZqZevgu_ ag Zq_gby

i_j_f_gguo\gZqZevgucfhf_gl\j_f_gbW W



<kemqZ_jZkij_^_e_g

guokbkl_fke_^m_laZ^ZlvlZd`_djZ_\u_beb]jZgbqgu_mkeh\bygZ]jZ

gbp_ h[eZklb \ ij_^_eZo dhlhjhc ijhl_dZ_l bamqZ_fuc ijhp_kk

DjZ_\u_mkeh\byaZ\bkylhllh]hdZdbfh[jZahfbaf_gyxlkydhgp_gljZ

pbb\_s_kl\ZgZ]jZgbp_GZijbf_jgZdjZxljm[dbfh`_l[ulvaZ^ZgZ

ihklhyggZydhgp_gljZpby\_s_kl\Z\j_a_j\mZj_kdhlhjufljm [dZgZoh

^blky\dhglZdl_bebgZh[hjhllhjpuljm[dbg_ijhgbpZ_fu^ey^bn

nmabhggh]hihlhdZ

AZf_lbfqlhjZkij_^_e_ggmxkbkl_fmfh`ghk\_klbdlhq_q

ghc

IFF F L Q

      



_keb\k_dhwnnbpb_glu^bnnmabb'

L

 beb_keb gZh[hjhlhgb hq_gv

\_ebdblZdqlh\k_bkoh^gu_j_Z]_glub ijh^mdlumki_\Zxl iheghklvx

i_j_f_rb\Zlvky\h \k_fj_Zdpbhgghfh[t_f_ \h \j_fy ob f b q_kdhc j_

Zdpbb KlZpbhgZjgu_ lhqdb gZ^h bkdZlv ba mkeh\bc jZ\_gkl\Z gmex

ijhba\h^guo\h\j_f_gb



FUW

IFF F

LLQ









    

 

hld m^Zfh`ghgZclbklZpbhgZjgu_agZq_gby

UAZl_faZ^Z_lkyg_dh

lhjh_ \hafms_gb_'k

Ubbkke_^m_ lk y ih\_^_gb_ _]h \h \j_f_gb ?keb

kh\j_f_g_fijbWof\g_k_ggh_g_[hevrh_\hafms_gb_'F

Ug_gZjZk

lZ_l\kb kl _f _ lhbkoh^gZyklZpbhgZjgZylhqdZ

U[ueZ mklhcqb\hc

Ih\_^_gb_ gZqZevgh]h hldehg_gby aZ\bkbl hl k\hckl\ nmgdpbc

F



F



F

bagZq_gb c  dhwnnbpb_glh\^bnnmabb<qZklg hklb  ^eyh^

ghf_jghcaZ^Zqbijb



gZqZevgh_hldehg_gb_kh\j_f_g_f[m^_l

aZlmoZlvijbWof]eZ\Zklj±



;Zah\u_ fh^_eb Ijb ihfhsb h^gh]h mjZ\g_gbyg_evay hibkZlv

keh`gh_ ih\_^_gb_ i_j_f_gguo gZijbf_j dhe_[Zl_evg h_  khklhygb_

kbkl_f uHkgh\gu_j_amevlZlu\bkke_^h\Zgbb k\hckl\jZkij_^_e_gg uo

kbkl_f  ihemq_gu gZ lZd gZau\Z_fuo³[Zah\ uo fh^_eyo´ k ^\mfy i_j_

f_ggufbkj

[

3[\ '

[

 



4[\ '

  





HdZaZehkvqlhwlZijhklZyfh^_evlbiZ fh`_ldZq_kl\_gghhibkZlv

ijhp_kkukZfhijhba\hevgh]h\hagbdgh\_gby\heg b kljmdlmj \ jZkij_

^_e_gguokbkl_fZol_ijhp_kku kZfhhj]ZgbaZpbbHgbhkms_kl\eyxl

ky dh]^Z \ kbkl_f_ \hagbdZxl g_mklhcqb\hklb ijb\h^ysb_ d ihl_j_

bkoh^gh]h jZkij_^_e_gby \_s_kl \ \h \j_f_gb b ijhkljZgkl \_ <f_klh

wlh]hmklZgZ\eb\Z_lkygh\uclbijZkij_^_e_gby\_s_kl\Z\h \j_f_gbb

ijhkljZgkl\_ l _ ijhbkoh^bl kZfhhj]ZgbaZ pby kbkl _f u GZijbf_j

ihl_jymklhcqb\hklbklZpbhgZjgh]h ijhkljZgkl\_ggh h^ghjh^gh]h jZk

ij_^_e_gby\_s_kl\\obfbq_kdhc j_Zdpbbfh`_lijb\_klbdlhfm qlh

\f_klhg_]h\kb kl_f_ihy\ylky Z\lh\hegui_jbh^bq_kdb_kZfhih^

^_j`b\Zxsb_ky\heguobfbq_kdhcZdlb\ghklb

< aZ\bkbfhklb hl \b^Z nmgdpbc I

F



F



F

 b dhwnnbpb_glh\

^bnnmabb'

\kb kl_fZofh]ml\hagbdZlvke_^mxsb _g_ljb\bZevgu_lb 

iuih\_^_gbyi_j_f_gguobeb\b^ukZfhhj]ZgbaZpbb

JZkijhkljZgyxsb_ky\hafms_gby\\b^_[_]ms_]h bfimevkZ

Klhyqb_\hegu

Kbgojhggu_Z\lhdhe_[ZgbyjZaguowe_f_glh\\h\k_f ijhkljZg

kl\_

D\ZabklhoZklbq_kdb _\hegudhlhju_ihemqZxlkyijbkemqZc ghf

\hafms_gbbjZaghklbnZaZ\lhdhe_[Zgbc\^\molhqdZoijhkljZgkl\Z

KlZpbhgZjgu_g_h^ghjh^gu_jZkij_^_e_gbyi_j_f_gguo\ijh

kljZgkl\_^bkkbiZlb\gu_kljmdlmju

=_g_jZpby\heg Z\lhghfgufb bklhqgbdZfb bfimevkghcZdlb\

ghklb < dZq_kl\_ bklhqgbdh\ \heg fh]ml [ulv gZijbf_j ehdZevgu_

djZldh\j_f_ggu_nemdlmZpbbi_j_f_gguo

H[s bf mkeh\b_f jZa\blby ijhp_kkh\ kZ fhhj]ZgbaZ pbb y\ey_lky

ihy\e_gb_g_mklhcqb\hklb \bkoh^ghcjZkij_^_e_gghckbkl_f_<qZkl

ghklbihy\e_gb_g_mklhcqb\hklblbiZk_^eZ \uau\Z_lihy\e_gb_ ^bkkb

iZlb\guo kl jmdlmj Z ihy\e_gb_ g_mklhcqb\h]h maeZ fh`_l \ua\Zlv

\hagbdgh\_gb_ [_]msbo \heg dhg_qghc Zfieblm^u beb klhyqbo \heg

>bkkb i Zl b \gZy kljmd l mjZ \hagbdZxsZy \ j_amevlZl_ g_mklhcqb\hklb \

jZkij_^_e_gghc kbkl_f_ ih^^_j`b\Z_lky aZ kq_l ihklhyggh]h ijblhdZ

wg_j]bbb\_s_kl\Zbfh`_lgZ[ex^Zlvkylhevdh\ hldjuluokbkl_f Zo<

wlhf __hleb qb_hl h[uqguojZ\gh\_kguokljmd l mjH[jZah\Zgb_lZdh]h

jh^Z^bkkbiZlb\guokljmdlmje_`bl\hkgh\_^bnn_j_gpbjh\db ldZg _c



ijb fhjnh]_g _a_ KdZqdhh[jZaguc i_j_oh^ f_`^m ^bkkbiZlb\gufb

kljmd l mjZfb jZaebqghc nhjfu dhlhjuc bg^mpbjm_lky ijb m\_ebq_gbb

^ebgu j_Zdpbhggh]h khkm^Z hljZ`Z_l ijbgpbibZevgmx hkh[_gghklv

ijhp_kkZ^_e_gbyde_ldb

; jxkk_eylhj ij_^klZ\ey_lkh[hcgZb[he__ bkke_^h\Zggmx kbkl_

fmdhlhjZyijbjZ aguo agZq_gbyoiZjZf_ljh\fh`_lh[eZ^ZlvjZaghh[

jZagufih\_^_gb_f\h\j_f_gbbijhkljZgkl\_GZfh^_eb[jxkk_eylhjZ

m^Z_lky\uy\blvmkeh\by\hagbdgh\_gbylbih\kZfhhj]ZgbaZpbb\[bheh

]bq_kdbo bobfbq_kdbokbkl_fZob\ wlhf kfuke_ wlZ fh^_evy\ey_lky

[Zah\hcH[jZlbf\gbfZgb_gZlhqlh\[jxkk_eylhj_kh^_j`blkyijh

kl_crZydm[bq_kdZyg_ebg_cghklvdhlhjZyh[_ki_qb\Z_lkyj_Zdpb_c

[\ [

Ijbf_jhflZdhcj_Zdpbbfh`_l[ulvn_jf_glZlb\gucijhp_kk\dhlh

jhfn_jf_glb f__lihdjZcg_cf_j_ljbdZlZeblbq_kdbop_gljZDm[b

q_kdZyg_ebg_cghklv\Z`gh_mkeh\b_ \hagbdgh\_gby^bkkbiZlb\guo

kljmdlmj

;jxkk_eylhj i j_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ke_^mxsmx ko_fm ]bihl_lbq_

kdboobfbq_kdboj_Zdpbc

$[ [\ [

%[ \& [ 5

oo

o  o







]^_ $ %    bkoh^gh aZ^Zggu_ \_s_kl\Z jZkij_^_e_ggu_ \ ljm[d_ jZ\

ghf_jghbboaZiZk\_ebd\_s_kl\Z5 b K\uiZ^Zxl\\b^_hkZ^dZI_

j_f_ggu_[b\^bnnmg^bjmxl\^hevljm[dbbmqZkl\mxl\ob f b q_kdhf

ijhp_kk_

Fh^_ev[jxkk_eylhjZbf__l\b^

[

$[\ % ['

[

%[ [ \ '

[







 





Ijb\_^_fj_amevlZlubkke_^h\Zgbylbih\ih\_^_gbyfh^_eb\aZ\b

kbfhklb hl khhlghr_gbc iZjZf_ljh\: < '

[

 '

 Lhq_qgZy fh^_ev

'

[

h[eZ^Z_lklZpbhgZjghclhqdhc

[$\%$  

Ijb <:



 wlZ lhqdZ ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc mklhcqb\uc nhdmk Z ijb

<!:



  g_mklhcqb\uc nhdmk \hdjm] d hlhjh]h \ lhq_ qghc kbkl_f _

h[jZam_lkyij_^_evgucpbde

<jZkij_^_e_gghckbkl_f_\hafh`ghihy\e_gb_g_mklhcqb\h

klb k_^eh\h]h lbiZ d hlhjZy ijb\h^bl d jZa\blbx \hafms_gbc \ ijh

kljZgkl\_ggh h^ghjh^ghc kb kl_f_ b mklZgh\e_gbx \ g_c

ijhkljZgkl\_ggh g_h^ghjh^guo klZpbhgZjguo j_`b fh\ Ijb hij_^_

e_gguojZaf _jZoljm[dbb^ebgZo\heghij_^_eyxsb ooZjZdl_jg_h^gh

jh^ghkl_c beb baj_aZgghklb ijhkljZgkl\Z \ kb kl_f_ \hafh`gh

\hagbdgh\_gb_i_jbh^bq_kdbo^bkkbpZlb\g uokljmd l mjg_aZ\bkysbohl

\j_f_gb >ey bo ihy\e_gby g_h[oh^bfh qlh[u dhwnnbpb_glu '

[

 b'