Reed S.J.B. Electron microprobe analysis and scanning electron microscopy in geology
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Appendix
The following figures show ED spectra of various minerals, as recorded with a
thin-window Si(Li) detector. The abscissae show the energy in keV. The
accelerating voltage is 20 kV and the X-ray take-off angle is 308. Only major
(a) peaks of elements are labelled; the C K peak from the carbon coating is not
shown. (Note that relative peak intensities vary with accelerating voltage and,
in the low-energy region, are affected by the window characteristics.) Many
minerals exhibit a considerable range of compositions, which should be taken
into account.
165
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Mg
Si
O
olivine (hortonolite)
Fe
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Mg
Si
O
olivine (forsterite)
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Si
O
olivine (fayalite)
Fe
Fe
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Mg
Si
O
olivine (tephroite)
Ca
Mn
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Mg
Si
O
olivine (montecellite)
Fe
Ca
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Mg
Si
O
humite (norbergite)
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Mg
Si
O
humite
Fe
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Si
O
zircon
Zr
166 Appendix
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Si
O
titanite
Ti
Ca
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Mg
Si
O
garnet (pyrope)
Fe
Ca
Al
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Si
O
garnet (almandine)
Fe
Ca
Al
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Si
O
garnet (spessartine)
Mn
Al
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Si
O
garnet (grossular)
Fe
Ca
Al
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Si
O
garnet (andradite)
Fe
Al
Ca
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Si
O
garnet (uvarovite)
Fe
Al
Ca
Cr
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Si
O
sillimanite, andalusite, kyanite
Al
Appendix 167
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Si
O
staurolite
Al
Fe
Mg
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Si
O
mullite
Al
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Si
O
chloritoid
Al
Fe
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Si
O
zoisite
Al
Ca
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Si
O
epidote
Al
Ca
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Si
O
piemontite
Al
Ca
Fe
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Si
O
allanite
Ca
Al
REE
Fe
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Si
O
pumpellyite
Al
Ca
Fe
Mg
168 Appendix
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Si
O
melilite
Al
Ca
Mg
Na
Fe
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Si
O
gehlenite
Al
Ca
Mg
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Si
O
beryl
Al
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Si
O
cordierite
Al
Mg
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Si
O
tourmaline (dravite)
Al
Mg
Na
Ca
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Si
O
tourmaline (schorl)
Al
Na
Fe
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Si
O
axinite
Ca
Fe
Al
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Si
O
pyroxene (pigeonite)
Ca
Fe
Mg
Appendix 169
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Si
O
pyroxene (enstatite)
Mg
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Mg
Si
O
pyroxene (ferrosilite)
Fe
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O
pyroxene (augite)
Fe
Ca
Mg
Si
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O
pyroxene (omphacite)
Al
Ca
Mg
Si
Na
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O
pyroxene ( jadeite)
Al
Si
Na
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O
pyroxene (aegerine)
Si
Na
Fe
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Si
O
pyroxene (diopside)
Mg
Ca
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Si
O
pyroxene (hedenbergite)
Fe
Ca
170 Appendix
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O
pyroxene (spodumene)
Si
Al
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O
amphibole (anthophyllite)
Si
Fe
Mg
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O
amphibole (gedrite)
Si
Al
Fe
Mg
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O
amphibole (cummingtonite)
Si
Fe
Mg
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O
amphibole (grunerite)
Si
Fe
Mg
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O
amphibole (tremolite)
Si
Ca
Mg
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O
amphibole (actinolite)
Si
Ca
Mg
Fe
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O
amphibole (hornblende)
Si
Ca
Mg
Fe
Al
Appendix 171
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O
amphibole (kaersutite)
Si
Ca
Mg
Fe
Al
Ti
Na
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O
amphibole (glaucophane)
Si
Na
Mg
Fe
Al
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O
amphibole (riebeckite)
Si
Na
Fe
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O
amphibole (richterite)
Si
Na
Fe
Mg
Ca
K
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O
mica (muscovite)
Si
Fe
Al
K
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O
mica (phlogopite)
Si
Mg
Al
K
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O
mica (biotite)
Si
Mg
Al
K
Fe
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O
amphibole (arfvedsonite)
Ca
Si
Fe
Na
172 Appendix
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O
talc
Si
Mg
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O
stilpnomelane
Si
Mg
Al
K
Fe
Ti
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O
chlorite (clinochlore)
Al
Si
Mg
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O
chlorite (chamosite)
Fe
Al
Si
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O
chrysotile
Si
Mg
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O
kaolinite
Si
Al
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O
illite
Mg
K
Si
Al
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O
montmorillonite
Mg
Na
Si
Al
Appendix 173
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O
prehnite
Ca
Si
Al
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O
feldspar (orthoclase)
K
Si
Al
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O
feldspar (albite)
Na
Si
Al
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O
feldspar (labradorite)
Na
Si
Ca
Al
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O
feldspar (anorthite)
Si
Al
Ca
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O
nepheline
Na
Si
Al
K
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O
kalsilite
Na
Si
Al
K
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O
leucite
Si
Al
K
174 Appendix