Pumping Station Desing - Second Edition by Robert L. Sanks, George Tchobahoglous, Garr M. Jones
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For
v = 2 m/s
Weight
0
Discharge,
Q
Headless,
6
fy
Flange,
01
each
Flange
or
flare
m
3
/s
m
3
/h
ML/d
(m/1000m)
Pipe
0
(kg/m)
(kg)
OD, mm
(true)
1.05
E-2
3.77
E+l
9.05
E-I
66
16.2
3 191
1.65
E-2
5.94
E+l
1.43
E+0 50
20.6
6 229
3.76
E-2
1.36
E+2
3.25
E+0 31
31.9
8 279
6.82
E-2
2.46
E+2
5.89
E+0 22
44.8
12 343
1.06
E-I
3.81
E+2
9.14
E+0 17
58.3
17 406
1.53
E-I
5.50
E+2
1.32
E+l 14
73.3
26 483
2.06
E-I
7.43
E+2
1.78
E+l 12
89.5
33 533
2.71
E-I
9.76
E+2
2.34
E+l 9.8 104 41 597
3.44
E-I
1.24E+3
2.97
E+l 8.5 120 41 635
4.26
E-I
1.54E+3
3.68
E+l 7.5 136 52 699
6.17
E-I
2.22
E+3
5.33
E+l 6.1 170 73 813
9.57
E-I
3.45
E+3
8.27
E+l 4.7 229 109 984
1.38
E+0
4.96
E+3
1.19
E+2 3.8 313 159
1168
1.87
E+0
6.73
E+3
1.62
E+2 3.2 408 227
1346
2.44
E+0
8.80
E+3
2.11
E+2 2.7 517 284
1511
3.09
E+0
1.11E+4
2.67
E+2 2.4 652 345
1683
For
^
=
5
^
Weight
0
Discharge,
Q
Head
loss,
b
/7
f
Pipe
Flange,
d
each
Flange
or
gal/min
ft
3
/s
Mgal/d
(ft/1000
ft)
(Ib/ft)
(lb)
e
flare
OD, in.
1.27
E+2
2.82
E-I
1.82
E-I
39
10.9
10
7.50
1.99
E+2
4.44
E-I
2.87
E-I
30
13.8
13
9.00
4.55
E+2
1.01
E+0
6.55
E-I
19
21.4
17
11.00
8.24
E+2
1.84
E+0
1.19
E+0 13
30.1
27
13.50
1.28
E+3
2.85
E+0
1.84
E+0 10
39.2
38
16.00
1.84
E+3
4.11
E+0
2.66
E+0 8.2
49.2
58
19.00
2.49
E+3
5.56
E+0
3.59
E+0 6.9
60.1
72
21.00
3.27
E+3
7.29
E+0
4.71
E+0 5.8
70.1
90
23.50
4.16
E+3
9.27
E+0
5.99
E+0 5.1
80.6
90
25.00
5.15
E+3
1.15
E+l
7.42
E+0 4.5
91.5
115
27.50
7.45
E+3
1.66
E+l
1.07
E+l 3.6 114 160
32.00
1.16E+4
2.58
E+l
1.66
E+l 2.8 154 240
38.75
1.67
E+4
3.71
E+l
2.40
E+l 2.3 210 350
46.00
2.26
E+4
5.03
E+l
3.25
E+l 1.9 274 500
53.00
2.95
E+4
6.58
E+l
4.35
E+l 1.6 347 625
59.50
3.73
E+4
8.32
E+l
5.38
E+l 1.4 438 760
66.25
Table
B-3. Standard
Weight
(ANSI
B36.10)
Steel
Pipe [3],
Hazen-WilliamsC=
120,
Sl
Units.
For
checking
or
preliminary
use.
Use the
Darcy-Weisbach
formula
and
exact
pipe
dimensions
for
critical
problems.
Thickness
(mm)
Inside
Nominal
size
OD
Diameter Area
(mm)
(mm)
Steel
wall
Plastic
lining
3
(mm)
(m
2
)
3
10.3 1.73 None
6.8
3.67
E-5
6
13.7 2.24 None
9.2
6.71
E-4
9
17.1 2.31
None
12.5
1.23
E-4
12
21.3 2.77 None 15.8
1.96
E-4
18
26.7 2.87
None
20.9
3.44
E-4
25
33.4 3.38 0.305 26.0
5.32
E-4
32
42.2 3.56 0.305 34.4
9.32
E-4
38
48.3 3.68 0.305 40.3
1.28
E-3
50
60.3 3.91 0.305 51.9
2.12
E-3
63
73.0 5.16 0.305 62.1 3.03
E-3
75
88.9 5.49 0.305 77.3
4.70
E-3
88
102
5.74 0.305 89.5
6.29
E-3
100
114
6.02 0.305
102
8.12
E-3
125
141
6.55 0.305
128
1.28
E-2
150
168
7.11 0.305
153
1.85
E-2
200
219
8.17 0.305
202
3.21
E-2
250
273
9.27 0.305
254
5.06
E-2
300
324
9.53 0.305
304
121
E-2
350
356
9.53 0.305
336
8.86
E-2
400
406
9.53 0.305
387
1.17
E-I
450
457
9.53 0.305
438
1.50
E-I
500
508
9.53 0.305
488
1.87
E-I
600
610
9.53 0.305
590
2.73
E-I
750
762
9.53 0.305
742
4.33
E-I
Larger
pipe
is
available.
Consult
the
manufacturers.
a
Mortar
linings
can be
substituted
in
100-mm
and
larger pipe. Thicknesses
for
shop applications
are 6.4 mm for
100-
to
250-mm
pipe,
7.9
mm
for
300-
to
550-mm
pipe,
and 9.5 mm for
600-
to
900-mm
pipe.
b
For
any
other velocity and/or
C
factor, multiply
the
headless
by
[(v/2)(120/C)]
L85
.
c
Darcy-Weisbach
equation
and
Moody diagram
for e =
0.23
mm, T =
15
0
C
(see
Table
B-5).
d
Welded
slip-on type.
For
v= 2 m/s
Weight
Discharge,
Q
Head!oss
b
/?
f
Pipe
Flange,
d
Flange
or
flare
(m
3
/s)
(m
3
/h)
(ML/d)
(m/1000m)
(kg/m)
each (kg)
OD,
mm
(true)
7.33
E-5
2.64
E-I
6.34
E-3
1900
C
0.36
NA NA
1.34
E-4
4.83
E-I
1.16E-2
1200
C
0.63
NA NA
2.46
E-4
8.87
E-I
2.13
E-2
800
C
0.85
NA NA
3.92
E-4-
1.41
E+0
3.39
E-2
570
C
1.19
0.5 89
6.88
E-4
2.48
E+0
5.95
E-2
400
C
1.68
0.7 99
1.07
E-3
3.83
E+0
9.20
E-2
300
C
2.50
0.9 108
1.86
E-3
6.71
E+0
1.61
E-I
200
C
3.38
1.1 117
2.55
E-3
9.18
E+0
2.20
E-I
170
C
4.05
1.4 127
4.23
E-3
1.52
E+l
3.66
E-I
120
C
5.44
2.3 152
6.06
E-3
2.18
E+l
5.23
E-I
95
C
8.62
3.6 178
9.39
E-3
3.38
E+l
8.11
E-I
71
C
11.3
4.1 191
1.26
E-2
4.53
E+l
1.09
E+0 59
13.6
5 216
1.62
E-2
5.84
E+l
1.40
E+0 51
16.1
6 229
2.56
E-2
9.20
E+l
2.21
E+0 40
21.7
7 254
3.70
E-2
1.33
E+2
3.20
E+0 31
28.3
8 279
6.42
E-2
2.31
E+2
5.54
E+0 23
42.6
13 343
1.01
E-I
3.65
E+2
8.75
E+0 17
60.3
18 406
1.45
E-I
5.23
E+2
1.26
E+l 14
73.8
28 483
1.77
E-I
6.38
E+2
1.53
E+l 13
81.3
38 533
2.35
E-I
8.46
E+2
2.03
E+l 11
97.6
48 597
3.01
E-I
1.08
E+3
2.60
E+l 9.2 105 49 635
3.75
E-I
1.35
E+3
3.24
E+l 8.1 117 67 699
5.47
E-I
1.97
E+3
4.72
E+l 6.5 141 93 813
8.66
E-I
3.12
E+3
7.48
E+l 5.0 177 136 984
Table B-4. Standard
Weight
(ANSI
B36.10)
Steel Pipe
[3]
Hazen-WilliamsC=
120, U.S. Customary
Units.
For
checking
or
preliminary use.
Use the
Darcy-Weisbach
formula
and
exact
pipe
dimensions
for
critical
problems.
Thickness
(in.)
Inside
Nominal
size
OD
Diameter
Area
(in.)
(in.)
Steel
wall
Plastic
lining
3
(in.)
(ft
2
)
V
8
0.405 0.068 None 0.269 3.95
E-4
V
4
0.540 0.088 None 0.364 7.22
E-4
3
/
8
0.675 0.091 None 0.493
1.32E-3
V
2
0.840 0.109 None 0.622
2.11
E-3
3
/
4
1.050 0.113 None 0.824
3.70
E-3
1
1.315 0.133 0.012 1.03 5.79
E-3
IV
4
1.660 0.140 0.012 1.36 1.01
E-2
IV
2
1.900 0.145 0.012 1.57
1.34
E-2
2
2.375 0.154 0.012 2.04 2.27
E-2
2V
2
2.875 0.203 0.012 2.45 3.27
E-2
3
3.500 0.216 0.012 3.04
5.04
E-2
3
V
2
4.000 0.226 0.012 3.52 6.77
E-2
4
4.500 0.237 0.012 4.00 8.74
E-2
5
5.563 0.258 0.012 5.02
1.37
E-I
6
6.625 0.280 0.012 6.04
1.99
E-I
8
8.625 0.322 0.012 7.96 3.45
E-I
10
10.75 0.365 0.012 10.0 5.45
B-I
12
12.75 0.375 0.012 12.0 7.82
E-I
14
14.00 0.375 0.012 13.2
9.54
E-I
16
16.00 0.375 0.012 15.2
1.26
E+0
18
18.00 0.375 0.012 17.2
1.62
E+0
20
20.00 0.375 0.012 19.2
2.02
E+0
24
24.00 0.375 0.012 23.2
2.94
E+0
30
30.00 0.375 0.012 29.2
4.66
E+0
Larger
pipe
is
available. Consult
the
manufacturers.
a
Mortar
linings
can be
substituted
on
4-in.
and
larger
pipe.
Thicknesses
for
shop
applications
are
V
4
in. for 4- to
10-in.
pipe,
5
I
16
in. for 12- to
20-in.
pipe,
3
/g
in. for 24 to 30 in.
pipe.
b
For
any
other
velocity
or C
factor,
multiply
the
headless
by
[(v/2)(120/C)]
L85
c
Darcy-Weisbach
equation
and
Moody
diagram
for e =
0.0035,
T =
6O
0
F
(see
Table
B-5).
d
Of
metal
only.
e
Welded
slip-on
type.
Forv=5ft/s
Weight
d
Discharge,
Q
Headloss,
b
Pipe
Flange,
6
Flange
or
(gal/min)
(ft
3
/s)
(Mgal/d)
(ft/1000
ft)
(Ib/ft)
each
(Ib)
flare
OD,
in.
8.88
E-I
1.98
E-3
1.28
E-3
1120
C
0.24
NA NA
1.62
E+0
3.61
E-3
2.33
E-3
750
C
0.42
NA NA
2.96
E+0
6.60
E-3
4.27
E-3
450
C
0.57
NA NA
4.76
E+0
1.06E-2
6.85
E-3
340
C
0.80
1
3.50
8.31
E+0
1.85
E-2
1.20
E-2
240°
1.13
1.5
3.88
1.29
E+l
2.87
E-2
1.85
E-2
180
C
1.68
2
4.25
2.27
E+l
5.05
E-2
3.26
E-2
120
C
2.27
2.5
4.62
3.01
E+l
6.70
E-2
4.33
E-2
100
C
2.72
3
5.00
5.10
E+l
1.14
E-I
7.37
E-2
73
C
3.65
5
6.00
7.36
E+l
1.64
E-I
1.06
E-I
57
C
5.79
8
7.00
1.13E+2
2.52
E-I
1.63
E-I
43
C
7.58
9
7.50
1.52
E+2
3.39
E-I
2.19
E-I
36
9.11
11
8.50
1.96
E+2
4.37
E-I
2.82
E-I
30
10.8
13
9.00
3.09
E+2
6.88
E-I
4.45
E-I
23
14.6
15
10.00
4.47
E+2
9.95
E-I
6.43
E-I
19
19.0
17
11.00
7.75
E+2
1.73
E+0
1.12
E+0 14
28.6
28
13.50
1.22
E+3
2.72
E+0
1.76
E+0 10
40.5
40
16.00
1.76
E+3
3.91
E+0
2.53
E+0 8.4
49.6
61
18.00
2.14
E+3
4.77
E+0
3.88
E+0 7.5
54.6
83
21.00
2.84
E+3
6.32
E+0
4.09
E+0 6.4
65.6
106
23.50
3.63
E+3
8.09
E+0
5.23
E+0 5.6
70.6
109
25.00
4.52
E+3
1.01
E+l
6.51
E+0 4.8
78.6
148
27.50
6.60
E+3
1.47
E+l
9.51
E+0 3.9
94.6
204
32.00
1.04
E+4
2.33
E+l
1.51
E+l 3.0
119.0
300
38.75
Table
B-5.
Probable
Coefficients
for
Pipe
Friction
for the
Design
of
Pipes
Flowing
Full
for
Nonaggressive
Waters
and
Good
Pipeline
Maintenance.
For
critical problems consult
the
literature
[4,
5,
6].
Note:
Modify
all
tabular
entries
to
obtain
maximum
and
minimum
values
with
a
wider range
to
ensure
an
envelope
of
piping headloss
curves
that
includes
all
possible
values
of
roughness.
See
Section 3-2.
Moody
Diagram
£
Material
Hazen-Williams
C
Manning
n
c
mm in.
Probable
range
of
coefficients
Plastic,
FRP,
and
Epoxy
a
<
400
mm
(16
in.)
140-130
0.010-0.010
Smooth-0.20
Smooth-0.008
=
600 mm (24
in.) 145-135
0.009-0.010
Smooth-0.20
Smooth-0.008
>
900 mm (36
in.)
150-140
0.009-0.010
Smooth-0.20
Smooth-0.008
Cement
mortar
lining
3
Centrifugally
spun
<
400
mm
(16
in.) 135-125
0.010-0.011
0.13-0.33
0.005-0.013
=
600
mm
(24
in.)
140-130
0.010-0.010
0.13-0.33
0.005-0.013
>
900 mm (36
in.) 145-135
0.009-0.010
0.13-0.33
0.005-0.013
Trowled
in
place
a
<
400
mm
(16
in.)
130-120
0.010-0.011
0.20-0.50
0.008-0.020
=
600 mm (24
in.) 135-125
0.010-0.011
0.20-0.50
0.008-0.020
>
900 mm (36
in.)
140-130
0.010-0.010
0.20-0.50
0.008-0.020
Values
below taken from
the
general
literature
b
Ten-State
Standards
[1]
Cement mortar
or
plastic
120
0.011 0.41 0.016
Unlined steel
or
ductile iron
100
0.013
1.5
0.060
Old
pipe
or
lining
in
service
for 20 yr or
more
and
nonaggressive
water
5
Smooth glass
or
plastic
135
0.010 0.13
0.005
Cement mortar,
centrifugally
spun
130
0.010 0.19
0.0075
troweled
125
0.011 0.28 0.011
Asbestos cement
125
0.011 0.28 0.011
Centrifugally
cast
CPP 130
0.010 0.19
0.0075
Wood stave
110
0.012 0.89
0.035
Riveted
steel
80
0.016
5.6
0.22
Concrete, formed
80
0.016
5.6
0.22
Clay,
not
pressurized
100
0.013
1.5
0.060
Wrought iron
100
0.013
1.5
0.060
Galvanized iron
90
0.014
3.0
0.12
a
For
use
with true
ID of
pipe.
b
For
Hazen-Williams
C,
use
with nominal diameter
of
pipe. Headlosses predicted with
the
Hazen-Williams
equation
are too low for
small pipe and/or
low
velocities.
c
The
Manning equation
is
incorrect
for
partly
full
circular pipes.
See
Figure
B-5.
Figure
B-I.
Moody diagram
for
determining
f'm
the
Darcy-Weisbach
formula:
a
Graphical solution
of the
Colebrook equation
3-12.
After
Moody
[7].
Table
B-6.
Recommended
Energy
Loss
Coefficients,
K,
for
Flanged Pipe
Fittings
3
Fitting
K
Fitting
K
EntranceForged
or
cast
fittings
Bellmouth0.05
Return
bend,
r =
1.4
D0.40
Rounded0.25
Tee,
line
flow0.30
Sharp-edged0.5
Tee,
branch
flow0.75
Projecting0.8
Exits
All
of
the
above
1.0
Cross, line
flow0.50
Bends,
miteredCross, branch
flow0.75
9=15°0.05
Wye,
45°0.50
9
=
22.5°
0.075
9
= 30°
0.10
Increasers
r
iAfi
2
9
=
45°
0.20
Conicalh
=
K\l-\
—
\
\v
2
/2g
L
1^2J
]
6
=
60°
0.35
K
=
3
.
5
(tane)
L22
9 =
90°0.80
Conical
(approximate)
h =
0.25(v
2
-
v\}/2g
90°
bend0.30
v
2
-v
2
[(A
^
2
Iv
2
3
x
30°
=
90°Suddenh
=
Vl
^
2
=
—
- 1 —
4
x
22.5°
=
90°
2
S
[(
A
I)
\
2g
Reducers
Forged
or
cast
fittings
Conicalh
=
Kv\l2g
90°
elbow,
standard0.25K
=
0.03
±
0.01
90°
elbow
long
radius0.18
SuddenJ
7
-Ii(^I
2
2
[D
1
J
2/
8
45°
elbow
0.18
a
/z
=
Kv
2
/2g,
where
v is the
maximum
velocity
in
nonprismatic
fittings.
Increase
K by 5% for
each
25-mm
(1-in.)
decrement
in
pipe
smaller
than
300 mm (12
in.).
Expect
K
values
to
vary
from
-20 to
+30%
or
more.
Table
B-7.
Recommended
Energy Loss
Coefficients,
K, for
ValvesFullyOpen
a
'
b
'
c
Valve
type
K
Angle
1.8-2.9
Ball
0.04
Butterfly
25-lb
Class
0.16
75-lb
Class
0.27
150-lb
Class
0.35
Check valves
Ball
0.9-1.7
but see
Mfr's data
for
specific
size
and flowrate.
Center-guided globe style
2.6
Double door
8 in. or
smaller
2.5
10
to
16
in. 1.2
Foot
Hinged disc
1—1.4
Poppet
5-14
Rubber flapper
v
<
6ft/s
2.0
v>6ft/s
1.1
Slanting
disc
d
0.25-2.0
Swing
d
0.6-2.2,
but see
Figures
B-2 and
B-3.
Cone
0.04
Diaphragm
or
pinch
0.2-0.75
Gate
Double
disc
0.1-0.2
Resilient seat
0.3
Globe
4.0-6.0
Knife
gate
Metal
seat
0.2
Resilient seat
0.3
Plug
Lubricated
0.5-1.0
Eccentric
Rectangular
(80%)
opening
1.0
Full
bore
opening
0.5
a
h
=
Kv
2
/2g,
where
v is the
velocity
in the
approach
piping.
b
For
300-mm
(12-in.)
valves
and
velocities
of
about
2 m/s (6
ft/s).
Note
that
K
may
increase
significantly
for
smaller
valves.
Consult
the
manufacturer.
c
Expect
K to
vary
from
-20 to
+50%
or
more.
d
Depending
on
adjustment
of
closure
mechanism,
velocity
may
have
to
exceed
4
m/s
(12
ft/s)
to
open
the
valve
fully.
Adjustment
is
crucial
to
prevent
valve
slam.
Figure B-2. Headlosses
for
Mueller
swing
check valves
with
spring-loaded
levers,
(a)
Maximum
headloss;
(b)
mini-
mum
headloss.
Figure
B-3. Headlosses
for
Mueller
swing check valves
with
counterweighted
levers,
(a)
Maximum
headloss;
(b)
minimum
headloss.