Mourachkine A. Room-Temperature Superconductivity

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Andrei Mourachkine is a Senior

Research Associate at the Nanoscience

Center of the University of

Cambridge. Andrei Mourachkine

recieved the Master Degree

in Chemical Physics from the

Novosibirsk State University

(Russia) in 1985, and the

Ph.D. in Physics from The Free

University of Brussels in 1996.

Since 1992 Mourachkine has

been working with high-temperature

superconductors. He has authored

numerous research articles on a

variety of topics in high-temperature

superconductivity. Andrei Mourachkine

is the author of a book entitled “High-

Temperature Superconductivity in

Cuprates: The Nonlinear Mechanism

and Tunneling Measurements”

published by Kluwer Academic in

August 2002. In 2003 he moved from

Brussels to Cambridge.

Cambridge International Science Publishing

7 Meadow Walk Great Abington

Cambridge CB1 6AZ

United Kingdom

www.cisp-publishing.com

CISP

Cambridge International Science Publishing

Room-Temperature

Superconductivity

Andrei Marouchkine

Room-Temperature

Superconductivity

0.15

0.125

0.10

0.075

0.05

0.025

0.00

4.00 4.10 4.20

-5

4.30 4.40

T (K)

R ( )

Room-Temperature Superconductivity

ROOM-TEMPERATURE

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Andrei Mourachkine

University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE PUBLISHING

Published by

Cambridge International Science Publishing

7 Meadow Walk, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AZ, UK

http://www.cisp-publishing.com

First published 2004

Conditions of sale

All

rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, with-

out permission in writing from the copyright holder.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 1-904602-27-

Printed by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, England

Dedicated to the Dutch

physicist H. Kamerlingh

Onnes and his assistant

Gilles Holst who made the

historic measurement

In order to create the living matter, Nature needed billions of years.

This experience is unique, and we must learn from it.

Contents

Preface xv

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1 What is the superconducting state? 1

2 A brief historical introduction 2

2.1 Phenomenon of superconductivity: its discovery and

evolution 3

2.2 Era of high-temperature superconductivity 5

2.3 History of the soliton 9

3 Room-temperature superconductivity 10

4 Why the living matter is organic? 14

2. BASIC PROPERTIES OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING STATE 17

1 What is the superconducting state? 17

2 Why does superconductivity occur? 18

2.1 What causes superconductivity? 21

3 Characteristics of the superconducting state 21

3.1 Critical temperature 21

3.2 Cooper-pair wavefunction 22

3.3 Order parameter 23

3.4 Penetration depth 26

3.5 Coherence length and the Cooper-pair size 30

3.6 Type-I and type-II superconductors 32

3.7 Critical magnetic ﬁelds 33

3.8 Critical current 36

3.9 Energy scales 36

4 Basic properties of the superconducting state 41

4.1 Zero resistance 41