Мифтахова Н.Х. Учебник английского языка
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me, “dress your age, you’re not 26!”
But, I am not 46 either.
3
3She always tells me, "if it’s not classic,
you can't wear it.” What to do? I am not
a fashion expert. I need help about what
not to wear at my age to look good?! -
Can I, Should I, Could I? - Sandra V.
your letters and feedback.
So since you ask for it, here’s more
fashion advice about how to dress
appropriately and stylishly at any age.
`
`My personal belief is to forget about the year you were born and dress for the physical shape
you are in today. Get a life and you’ll enjoy life, and you’ll look better for it!
`
`You can be trendy at 46 or like an out-of-tune train wreck at 26. Age has nothing to do with
physical shape, spirit, or the desire to move forward and stay vital.
`
`Having great personal style is more about understanding yourself and being realistic about
how you look. Any style can be tweaked to look great on you - it only takes a pragmatic glance
in the mirror. Modify trends to remain modern and understand your fashion limits.
`
`If classic is your thing, keep it fresh. “Do pick pieces that reflect your personality instead of
following some social sense of what’s ‘right.’ Today it’s appropriate to wear jeans with vintage
pieces and evening bag”, says Gucci designer Frida Giannini. Classic doesn’t have to mean
plain - it’s all in the pieces you go for and how you put them together.
`
`Appear professional when the occasion calls for it and look stylishly casual for the weekend.
But never fall prey to being caught in a fashion rut because you are afraid to experiment with
something new — that will surely put years on your appearance.
`
`As a business person, you want to appear office appropriate for the type of business that you
are in. No matter what your profession, you have to avoid wearing overtly teeny bopper clothes
with lots of over the top gimmicks. Avoid exposing too much flesh. Keep your look pulled
together and you’ll be perceived the same way. If your clothing style is all over the place, you’ll
be perceived as scattered.
`
`Now let’s get back to short skirts, the most obvious article of clothing with an expiration date.
They are back in, but the question to ask is how do your legs look? Are they in shape to stand a
shorter skirt, with or without the help of dark slimming tights? A woman over 50 or 60 who still
has it going on can look stunning in a skirt about an inch or so above her knee— that skirt length
would offer the feeling of legginess without appearing like she’s stealing her wardrobe from the
local dorm.
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3Know the skin you are in and accept it. `When it comes to fashion trends, become a master at
tweaking them and dissecting the right amount of nuance which flatters you. If there’s trend
that you love, but honestly feel like you’ve missed its prime— skip it. When a style trend
reappears that you have clearly worn 15 or 20 years ago, rethink it and reinterpret it with just
one addition to your wardrobe rather than the full-on retro effect.
`
`Keep up your skin care regime, don’t forget an up to date haircut, stay true to your personal
style, and not take yourself too seriously. If you take care of yourself, stay healthy and fit, and
maintain an open attitude about life there really isn’t that much of a style difference in what a
modern 35 or 45 year-old could wear - it really is the cut that’s tweaked to suit a changing figure.
As we mature simple, well-cut clothes are better than fussy layers and crazy prints. Who says
you need to always dress classically when your style is a bit more downtown or bohemian? You
need to dress in a way that flatters your figure and individual style, not your friend’s personal
taste.
`
`Be sure that your so-called best friend’s fashion advice is sincere. Who says you need a friend
who makes fun of you? That sounds more like bullying and with ‘friends’ like that, you don’t
need enemies.
ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТАМ А,В,С.
1.Найдите в тексте А три предложения, наилучшим образом
передающему его смысл.
2.Составьте краткий письменный пересказ текста А, поясняя и
детализируя выделенные вами предложения.
3.Прочитайте текст В.
TEXT B. FASHION ICONS – EXCURSES TO HISTORY.
The term “fashion icon” has recently replaced the slightly antiquated notion of “fashion
leaders.” During the second half of the twentieth century, fashion became less hierarchical, more
meritocratic, and media-dominated.
Indeed, the media itself created its own icons of style, sometimes thrusting opinions to stylists, and
others involved in the professional process of promoting fashion. The designer-led fashions of the
past were joined by the concept of fashions created on the streets.
“Style is not fashion until it has reached the street,” is a statement popularly attributed to Coco
Chanel, herself a leader; she was also part of the democratization of fashion. The “fashion leaders”
of past generations were those in the very highest society—royalty, aristocrats, and their wives and
mistresses. The Bourbon courts of pre-Revolutionary France were famous for their fashion
excesses, while in the 1790s Napoleon’s wife, Josephine, introduced the new “Empire-line dresses,”
which quickly crossed the Channel.
At the start of the twentieth century, magazine journalism had been enlivened by photographs.
Much of the newsreel footage from the first decade of the new century showed King Edward VII
and his elegant wife, Alexandra; many of his mistresses were also fashion leaders, such as Madame
Standish of Paris, who was the first to wear the new “tailor-mades” by Creed to the Paris
racecourse.
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Chanel set up her fashion business before World War I and, in its aftermath, with radically altered
style, her designs suited the new needs of the society. During the War, many women had
experienced the freedom of wearing trousers for manual work—and freedom of movement was
Chanel’s aim. She liked wearing men’s sweaters and put women in soft jersey and fluid garments.
She popularized costume jewelry, the little black dress—and the suntan. She was emulated in every
way, and when she came back from the Riviera to display her suntan at the Opera, a new craze
began.
The war annihilated a generation of young men; the women who survived wanted to forget, rather
than to mourn. Economic independence and changing mores meant new fashion icons were needed
who personified the Jazz Age: Clara Bow, the “It Girl” of cinema; and the idol of Paris, singer
Josephine Baker.
There was still a role for royalty—men and women were fascinated by the dress of Edward, Prince
of Wales, and his Oxford bags, plus fours, and Argyle sweaters were widely copied. He even had a
fabric pattern named after him—Prince-of-Wales check. His long-term mistress, Freda Dudley
Ward, embodied the flapper look of the 1920s, but in the following decade he abandoned her to
marry the stylish American divorcee, Wallis Simpson. It was she who formulated the fashion
dictum, “A woman can never be too rich or too thin.” Although the public was distressed by his
abdication, they nevertheless bought mass-market copies of her Molyneux wedding dress.
Technological changes now meant that fashions could be copied at moderate prices, and, at last,
ordinary women could copy their icons. This was the decade when Hollywood moguls allowed
women to imitate the dresses of their favorite stars, as well as their makeup.
Designer Edith Head dressed leading stars Grace Kelly, Audrey Hepburn, and the young Elizabeth
Taylor in outfits inspired by the New Look. The 1950s saw a sea change with the advent of youth
oriented fashions, linked to music and to the newly discovered and largest consumer group, the
“teenagers.”
Designer Ossie Clark famously dressed Mick Jagger in a white tunic and trousers in 1969, and in
the 1970s the male stars wore makeup. The economic difficulties of the 1970s produced the
hedonism of Studio 54 and the confrontational androgyny of punk. In 1977, the Sex Pistols wore
clothes designed by Vivienne Westwood—torn, provocative, and fetishistic. In the 1980s, as
economic prosperity returned, so did conventional icons, like the young Princess Diana, and more
glamorous icons; the “supermodels” were dressed and lionized by Gianni Versace. Rap stars, like
Run-DMC, made active sportswear fashionable; designers copied their look. In the 1990s, there was
a need for less “glitzy” icons; fashion followed music into “grunge,” photographers like Corinne
Day created “waifs” such as Kate Moss, and sports stars became emblems of style.
Some useful words and phrases:
1. meritocratic – способствующий достижению положения в обществе благодаря
способностям человека
2. media-dominated – с доминированием средств массовой информации
3. to thrust opinions – навязывать мнения
4. fashion excesses – модные излишества
5. Empire-line dresses – одежда в стиле ампир
6. to enliven– делать интереснее, оживлять
7. newsreel footage – хроникальная киносъемка
8. tailor-mades – одежда, изготовленная на заказ
9. fluid garments – одежда, не мешающая движениям
10. She was emulated in every way – ее копировали во всем
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11. suntan – загар
12. to annihilate – истреблять
13. to mourn – скорбеть, оплакивать
14. changing mores [ mqurIz]– меняющиеся нравы
15. dictum – афоризм
16. abdication – отречение от престола
17. hedonism – гедонизм, культ удовольствия
18. androgyny of punks – гермофродизм Панков
19. to lionize - носиться с кем-л. как со знаменитостью
4. Прочитайте текст С.
TEXT C. JACKIE KENNEDY: A FASHION ICON.
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier was born into a wealthy family and raised to a life of privilege. Her 1953
marriage to Senator Jack Kennedy at the wealthy enclave of Newport, Rhode Island, was one of
the most glittering social events of the decade. Mrs. Kennedy became a popular figure during
the 1960 presidential campaign; after her husband’s election, her beauty, love of clothes, and
sense of style set her apart from her rather plain predecessors as First Lady, Bess Truman and
Mamie Eisenhower. Criticized in some quarters for wearing European fashions, she patronized
American designers, particularly Oleg Cassini (whose designs, however, owed much to
European originals).
Her inauguration outfit of a fawn-colored woolen coat with matching pillbox hat was instantly
copied by thousands of women; a red dress (by Chez Ninon after a Marc Bohan for Dior
original) that she wore for a televised tour of the White House became another iconic “Jackie
Look.”
In 1968, five years after her husband’s assassination, Mrs. Kennedy married wealthy Greek
shipowner Aristotle Onassis; after his death in 1975 she returned to New York City and lived
there until her death in 1994. Throughout those years she dressed with elegance and style; but
her time as a true fashion icon came during her brief years in “Camelot,” the Kennedy White
House.
5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
(1) In what way did Jacqueline Kennedy differ from her White House
predecessors?
(2) What details of her style became iconic for thousands of women?
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LANGUAGE STUDY
Emphasis on verb ‘STAND’.
- to stand for: 1) поддерживать, стоять за; 2) символизировать, означать,
обозначать, значить; 3) быть кандидатом; баллотироваться; 4) терпеть,
выносить.
- to stand by: 1) присутствовать; быть безучастным зрителем; 2) защищать,
помогать, поддерживать; 3) держать(слово), выполнять (обещание);
придерживаться (линии поведения); 4) наблюдать, ничего не предпринимая;
4) быть наготове.
- to stand on: 1) зависеть от чего-л.; 2) точно соблюдать ( условности и т. п. );
4) продолжать настаивать на истинности чего-л.
- to stand out: 1) выделяться, выступать; 2) не сдаваться; держаться.
- to stand in with: 1) быть в хороших отношениях, поддерживать
хорошие отношения; 2) принимать участие, помогать.
EXERCISES IN PROPER APPLICATION
1. Use the following expressions with the word ‘STAND’ in your own
sentences.
(1) stand on end (стоять дыбом ( о волосах )); (2) stand on one's head (встать на уши,
пытаясь что-то объяснить); (3) stand on one's own legs (быть независимым); (4) stand on the
defensive (обороняться, защищаться, стоять/находиться в обороне); (5) stand on the fence
(занимать выжидательную позицию); (6) stand one's ground (проявлять твердость; стоять
на своем); (7) stand Sam (платить за угощение); (8) stand shilly-shally (колебаться;
проявлять нерешительность); (9) stand shout (угощать выпивкой всю компанию).
2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to collocations with
the verb ‘STAND’.
(1) Ann’s family is very tenacious. They always stand for each other. (2) GP
stands for general practitioner (терапевт). (3) His elder son stands for parliament.
(4) If you promise a thing you must stand by your word. (5) He seems to prefer
standing by, not rendering actual help to his friends. (6) We are on friendly terms
and don’t stand on ceremony. (7) Sprinters are coming. Stand out of the path or
you will be knocked down. (8) I won’t stand in with you, for I consider you to be in
the wrong. (9) All the members of the team stood up for their goal-keeper. (10) I
can’t stand impolite people. (11) Stand by to surface! Stand in the gap! (12) You
must stand firm, otherwise they will take the upper hand.
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb
‘STAND’ instead of the italicized words and phrases.
(1) At the last election he was a candidate for his town. (2) Our citizens should
know how to defend their rights . (3) We won’t support your appeal, for it’s
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groundless. (4) Will you step aside and give the way to the runners. (5) I can’t
endure his lack of table manners. (6) MP means Member of Parliament.
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Make up 2-phrase dialogs (up to the model) expressing your sympathy, regret,
encouragement in accordance with the model and keep the conversation going.
Model
A: When I think of my examination next week my heart goes into my boots.
B: Cheer up. It will all come round.
Reference list: Cheer up… Pull yourself together … It will all come round …
How awful! … I’m so sorry… Could I help you in any way?... Bad luck …
Things do happen… Don’t let that upset you… I wish I could do something for
you …
You may use these as initial phrases:
(1) My brother’s car was stolen yesterday. (2) I have lost all hope to see him
again. (3) Have you heard that Ann’s father has died recently? (4) It is very
cold in here. I am shivering all over. (5) I feel awfully seedy today (Я плохо
себя чувствую). (6) Can you imagine I was late for my classes today because
all the buses were full up and I couldn’t get in? (7) Oh, bother, I have left my
glasses at home. (8) I’m afraid I’m too old to dance.
Listen and Sing a song – Jingle Bells.
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way,
Oh what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh, hey.
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way,
Oh what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh.
We're dashing through the snow
In a one-horse open sleigh
All the fields we go
Laughing all the way, hey hey hey hey hey
Bells on bob-tail ring
Making spirits bright
Oh what fun it is to sing
A sleighing song tonight.
Oh jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way,
Oh what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh, hey
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way,
Oh what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh.
A day or two ago
I thought I'd take a ride
And soon miss fanny bright
Was seated by my side;
The horse was lean and lank
Misfortune seemed his lot,
He got into a drifting bank
And then we got upsot.
Upsot.
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way,
Oh what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh, hey
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way,
Oh what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh.
Dashing through, the fields of white
On this happy Christmas night
Off we go through the snow
Bells are ringing, we'll be singing
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle bells, jingle bells jingle jangle
Jingle bells, jingle bells jingle jangle
Jingle bells, jingle bells jingle jangle 45
Jingle bells, jingle bells jingle jangle
Jingle bells, jangle bells
Jingle all the way
On a one-horse open sleigh
Выполните тест урока 4.
TEST TO LESSON 4
1. Определите ряд, все слова которого являются прилагательными:
a) summarized, economic, developing, national, often, recent, visible
b) political, better, national, most often, recent, highest, ethnic
c) violent, acceptable, poor, elderly, aging, major, recently
2. Определите ряд, все слова которого являются существительными:
a) women, males, trend, government, present, use, needs
b) care, inadequate, provision, birth, poverty, politics, weaknesses
c) strengths, lawmakers, depression, contribution, society, barrier, requirement
3. Определите сказуемое в следующем предложении:
A current trend is to conduct developmental research providing knowledge and leading
to wiser and more effective decision making about social policy.
a) is
b) is to conduct
c) is providing and leading
4. Определите ряд, в котором все глаголы являются сказуемыми в страдательном
залоге:
a) have been beaten, were filled, is limited, could be diagnosed, are being raised
b) is widespread, are influenced, will be improved, is strongly tired, are influenced
c) is present, are expected, is escalating, can be divided, should be given
5. Заполните пропуски, выбрав правильную грамматическую форму:
A successful family policy ……… primarily ……….. by parents.
a) is …….. shaping
b) will ……. be shaped
c) can …….. to shape
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Lesson Five
Fashion Shows: Glamour of High
Fashion
The Paris haute couture system was
a successful formula for attracting
sales, prestigious clients, commercial and forward
to buyers, and international press...
All other couture organizations were
based upon this French model.
- Yves Saint Laurent
Грамматика
1. Present Simple в сопоставлении с Past Simple ( § 14)
2. Краткие выводы (§ 15).
3. Упражнения № 53-55.
Лексика
1. Развитие навыков произношения (лексико-фонетические упражнения).
2. Ключевые слова (термины урока).
3. Лексико-грамматические структуры, используемые в текстах урока.
Практическое применение языковых знаний для решения коммуникативных задач
1. Развитие коммуникативных навыков в после-текстовых упражнениях.
2.Verses and Rhymes for Fun.
3.Фразовый глагол “SET”. Упражнения. Мини-диалоги.
Контроль: Тест урока 5.
Самостоятельная работа:
1.Выполнение заданий преподавателя по аудио-курсу “Modern English – Ресурсы Интернет в
учебном процессе” (Урок 5).
2.Выполнение индивидуальных заданий преподавателя по разделу «Тексты для чтения»
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1.Прочтите слова несколько раз, используя знаки транскрипции. Догадайтесь об их значении
по похожим словам русского языка:
exclusive [Iks’klHsIv], in-house presentation [“In’hqus “prezen’teISn], haute couture
[qutkH’Cuq], clientele [“klJRn’tel], biannual spectacle [bQI’xnjuql ‘spektqkl], consumer
[kqn’sjHmq], evolution [“Jvq’lHSn], theatrical display [TI’xtrIkl dIs’pleI], wares [wFqz],
avant-garde styles [“xvOn’gRd staIl], mannequins [‘mxnIkInz], magnitude [‘mxgnItjHd],
impresario [“Imprq’sRrIqu], mass entertainment [mxs “ente’teInment], supermodels
[sjHpq’mOdelz], narratives [‘nxrqtIvz], fictional characters [‘fIkSqnl kxrktq], realm
[relm], conceptual fantasy [kqn’septjuql ‘fxntqsI], licensed products [‘laIsnst
‘prOdAkts] .
2.Переведите следующие слова с русского на английский, проверяя правильность
произношения по упражнению 1:
эксклюзивный, манекенщицы, внутрифирменная презентация, рассказы, развитие,
импресарио, сфера, совершающееся дважды в год представление, абстрактный
47
образ, изделия, высокая мода, клиенты, отвлеченная фантазия, потребитель,
театральное представление, авангардный стиль, массовое развлекательное
мероприятие, значимость, супермодель, вымышленные герои, лицензированные
продукты.
3. Дайте начальные формы следующих слов:
mannequins, entertainment, supermodels, licensed, consumer, socially, became, broadened,
indicating, traditional, narratives, stagings, conceptual, these.
4.Проверьте, знаете ли вы следующие глаголы:
(1) to evolve, (2) to retain, (3) to wear, (4) to reach, (5) to promenade, (6) to extend, (7) to
include, (8) to stage, (9) to hire.
5. Переведите следующие словосочетания c русского языка на английский, используя
глаголы из упражнения 4 и соответствующие выражения из текста А:
(1) показ мод возник, (2) мода не сохраняет связи с истоками, (3) чтобы носить дизайнерские
разработки, (4) чтобы получить более обширную клиентуру, (5) чтобы его жена прогуливалась
в важных общественных местах, (6) многие кутюрье расширили свой показ , (7) их клиентура
включала популярных звезд, (8) Клод Монтана поставил театральные спектакли.
6.Переведите следующие предикативные пары. Укажите, к каким временным группам
относятся сказуемые:
fashion show has evolved, clothing is seen, social forces are responsible, many couturiers
extended, the custom-dressmaking trade also maintained, their clientele included, Claude
Montana staged theatrical events, Mugler hired a rock impresario.
7.Прочтите несколько раз лексическую программу текста А, найдите ее в тексте и
переведите предложения, содержащие эту программу.
(1) an exclusive in-house presentation of haute
couture
эксклюзивная внутрифирменная
презентация высокой моды
(2) a biannual spectacle of both couture and
ready-to-wear clothing
проводимое дважды в год представление
как высокой моды, так и готовой одежды
(3) including the increased consumer
awareness of Parisian couture
включая возросшую осведомленность
потребителя относительно Парижской моды
(4) it does retain links to its origins in theatrical
display
он (показ моды) действительно
сохраняет связь со своими истоками в
театральном представлении
(5) effective links to the world of theater эффективные связи с миром театра
(6) became a place to see the most avant-
garde styles
стал местом, где можно было увидеть
наиболее авангардные стили
(7) resort areas were another means of
advertising up-to-the-minute designs
Курорты стали еще одним средством
рекламирования самых последних моделей
(8) the public visibility and magnitude of
fashion shows increased dramatically
Доступность для общества и значимость
модного показа сильно возросла
(9) This was the first time that the public was
allowed to attend a couture show
Впервые публике разрешили
присутствовать на модном показе
(10) many now have specific themes, mood
music, and special lighting and other effects
Многие (модные показы) сейчас имеют
специфические темы, музыкальное
сопровождение, специальное освещение и
другие эффекты
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TEXT A Fashion Shows
The fashion show has evolved from an exclusive
in-house presentation of haute couture held for a
private clientele, to a biannual spectacle of both
couture and ready-to-wear clothing that is seen
by a vast cross-section of consumers, the mass
media, and the fashion industry. A number of
cultural and social forces are responsible for this
evolution, including the increased consumer
awareness of Parisian couture, the rise of the ready-to-wear industry after World War II, the
growth of the modeling profession, and the increasing attention paid to the runway by the
popular press. While the fashion show today is different from its early-twentieth-century
incarnation, it does retain links to its origins in theatrical display and the couture salon shows of
that period.
Origins
In nineteenth-century Paris, it was common practice for dressmaker houses to use their
assistants or saleswomen (desmoiselles du magasin) to wear the designer’s creations while
working at the shop. To reach a broader clientele, many couturiers extended this display to the
public arena as well, with figures such as Charles Frederick Worth dressing his wife in the latest
styles to promenade in socially important areas of the city such as the Bois du Boulogne. In the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in London and Paris, the custom-dressmaking
trade also maintained important and effective links to the world of theater and advertised its
wares by dressing famous actresses both on and off the stage.
The couture houses were very successful promoters through this medium and their clientele
included such popular stars as Sarah Bernhardt and Cecile Sorel. The theater, particularly in
France and England, became a place to see the most avant-garde styles and eventually a
“fashion play” genre developed that revolved around the presentation of the latest couture
creations. Dressing members of the fashionable demimonde and house mannequins (the term
for models in this period) for the races, opera, and theater premieres, and resort areas were
another means of advertising up-to-the-minute designs.
Fashion Show as Spectacle
In the 1970s and 1980s the public visibility and magnitude of fashion shows increased
dramatically. In 1973 the designer Kenzo presented a large-scale ready-to-wear show on a
stage rather than a runway, indicating a break with haute couture tradition and the increasing
emphasis on spectacle. In the 1980s Thierry Mugler and Claude Montana staged theatrical
events that further removed the fashion show from the couture salon. Mugler hired a rock
impresario to stage his fashion show, an audience of six thousand people attended, and half of
the show’s tickets were available for purchase by the public. This was the first time that the
public was allowed to attend a couture show and marks a trend toward the fashion show as
mass entertainment. In the mid-1980s the regular broadcasting of the ready-to-wear shows on
cable television further broadened the viewing public. The increased public awareness of the
catwalk shows led to the promotion of “supermodels” in the early 1990s. By this time, modeling
had long been a socially acceptable profession and the increasing cult of personality in various
cultural arenas served to promote models as celebrities on a par with movie actors.
While the majority of fashion designers hold traditional runway shows during the fashion weeks
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in Paris, London, New York, and other cities, many now have specific themes, mood music, and
special lighting and other effects. In the 1990s there were a number of designers, including John
Galliano and Alexander McQueen, who became renowned for producing extravagant shows in
unusual spaces with narratives and fictional characters.
These theatrical stagings have pushed the fashion show beyond the garment and into the realm
of the conceptual fantasy. These types of shows function primarily to promote brand recognition
and to sell the ready-to-wear lines and the licensed products.