Мифтахова Н.Х. Учебник английского языка
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players, and stylish bags to tote laptops. Researchers are developing “intelligent” fashions
incorporating wearable computers, communication systems, global positioning systems, and
body sensors.
Systems may have the capability to allow the wearer to surf the Internet, make phone calls,
monitor vital signs, and administer medication. While much research remains to be done, initial
exploration has begun at MIT’s Media Lab, Starlab, Charmed Technology, and International
Fashion Machines. The goal of these groups is to develop prototypes of wearable electronics
and to explore the synergy required between computer science, fashion, health care, and
defense to produce marketable, user-friendly products. Advances and innovative thinking in the
production of apparel and communication platforms and networks will be required to move these
concepts forward. The changing world political climate and the continuing challenges of world
health present new opportunities for science to address wearable solutions. Development of
protective apparel against bioterrorist attack and spread of infectious disease commands
research dollars from governments worldwide. These investments will most likely lead to
exciting new materials that ultimately result in new fashion.
Fashion is a reflection of the times, and thus incorporates current scientific and technological
developments. Change is a constant in fashion, and one can look forward to ever-developing
advanced materials and methods and perhaps even new purposes for fashion.
6. Make a list of major new lifestyles demanding changes in
clothes. Begin like that:
- sports and active life,
7. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту С.
1) What are the apparel technologies developed for? To what spheres of
life do they contribute most?
2). What is the most important in sportswear: performance or
aesthetics?
3). How does the electronic lifestyle change the current fashion?
4). What firms explore the synergy required between computer
science, fashion, health care, and defense to produce marketable,
user-friendly products?
5). What do the investments into high-tech fashions have to take
into consideration in relation to the changing political climate in the
world?
LANGUAGE STUDY
Emphasis on verb ‘KEEP’.
- to keep to : 1) придерживаться; держаться чего-л. ; 2) оставаться дома
или в постели.
- to keep up: 1) поддерживать; 2) держаться бодро; 3) продолжать;
4)поддерживать в должном порядке; 5) соблюдать, придерживаться; 6) быть
хорошо осведомленным, быть в курсе; 7) оставаться прежним ( о погоде ).
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- to keep in: 1) не выпускать; заставлять сидеть дома ( больного ); 2) to keep
in with smb. — оставаться в хороших отношениях с кем-л.; 3) сдерживать(ся).
- to keep from: удерживать(ся), воздерживаться от чего-л.
- to keep away: 1) держать(ся) в отдалении; не подпускать близко;
остерегаться; 2) прятать; 3) избегать ( from ).
- to keep on : 1) продолжать ( делать что-л. ); 2) сохранять в прежнем
положении; 3) оставлять включенным ( электричество); 4) продолжать
путешествие; 5) продолжить действовать, упорствовать.
EXERCISES IN PROPER APPLICATION
1. Use the following expressions with the word ‘KEEP’ in your own
sentences.
(1) I won’t keep you long (я не задержу тебя надолго); (2) You must keep an eye on him (Ты
должен приглядывать за ним); (3) keep your temper, please (держи себя в руках, пожалуйста); (4)
the weather keeps fine (стоит хорошая погода); (5) keep in mind the figures (помни цифры); (6)
she always keeps up with the times (она всегда идет в ногу со временем).
2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to collocations with
the verb ‘KEEP’.
(1) Your time is almost up, keep to the subject, please. (2) This tradition is kept up
throughout the country. (3) Will you keep it to yourself? I don’t want the news spread.
(4) We had to close all doors and windows to keep out the awful smell. (5) To keep up
with the times one should be always in the know of what is going on in the world. (6)
Will you keep house for me? (7) When you go out you must keep your dog on the lead.
3. Recast the following sentences using different collocations with the verb
‘KEEP’ instead of the italicized words and phrases.
(1) Don’t come in.
(2) Toward off
the gnats we had to burn some smoky twigs. (3)
Who manages your household affairs?
(4) Don’t go near
the water’s edge. It’s very
wet there. (5) Restrain your feelings
or else everybody will guess the truth. (6) He
continued reading
his book though it grew quite dark in the room. (7) We won’t
detain
you. (8) He must make his expenses as low as possible.
(9) I won’t conceal
anything from Mother. (10) Old customs are often observed
by old people.
SOCIAL MINY-DIALOGS:
Make up 2-phrase dialogs (up to the model) expressing threats or reprimands in
accordance with the model and keep the conversation going.
Model
A: I’m thick and tired of your lecturing me.
B: How annoying! I wouldn’t have done such stupid things.
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Reference list: I won’t have it… I won’t have that sort of thing again! … I won’t
have you doing it! … You ought to (+ Perfect Indefinite)... You should (+ Perfect
Indefinite) … Don’t you dare do that again! … You’d better not!
You may use these as initial phrases:
(1) You are just a fool to believe him! (2) I don’t think you are worth your salt!
(3) Your friend is nothing but a sponger (нахлебник). (4) I must confess I haven’t
done any homework for today. (5) Mine will be not a love-match (брак по любви).
(6) Don’t give yourself airs (Не воображай). (7) Sorry, but I’ve forgotten to call you
up. (8) I’m really sorry but I had no time to drop you a line.
TEST TO LESSON 7
Choose the best answer (a), (b), (c) or (d).
1. I can’t make more mistakes at work because I don’t want to …
(a) get fired (b) get lost (c) get angry (d) get better
2. We had a lovely continental … at the hotel, with toast, rolls, jam and coffee.
(a) lunch (b) steak (c) breakfast (d) order
3. Glen hasn’t been to Long Island … last summer.
(a) for (b) ever (c) already (d) since
4. He … sure that the answer was correct.
(a) make (b) made (c) do (d) did
5. I haven’t seen him … months.
(a) ever (b) already (c) since (d) for
6. They wouldn’t … the money for the spare ticket I bought at the box office.
(a) order (b) refund (c) coin (d) queue
7. Would you please … about where we should go on holiday.
(a) confuse (b) make your mind up (c) do up your mind (d) get your mind
8. A: Could you do me a(n) … ?
B: Certainly. What would you like me to do?
(a) favour (b) favourite (c) duty (d) effort
9. The policeman was … in the fight, so they took him to see a doctor.
(a) drowned (b) poisoned (c) wounded (d) persecuted
10. Claudius was … of murdering his brother.
(a) guilty (b) convinced (c) instructed (d) proof
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Lesson Eight The Russian Top
Designers
- I love this… MAYBE I’m
even a little jealous, this 15 year
old sensation is stealing my
dream!...
… well maybe there’s still some
hope for me, I’m still 17…
… I cannot wait until her store
opens in NYC because she looks like
my kinda girl! i lovee *ashy hot
pink things!!...
- about Kira Plastinina from
the Internet Chart
Грамматика
1.Герундий (GERUN) ( § 18)
2.Функции герундия (§ 18).
3.Упражнения № 62-63.
Лексика
1.Развитие навыков произношения (лексико-фонетические упражнения).
2.Ключевые слова (термины урока).
3.Лексико-грамматические структуры, используемые в текстах урока.
Практическое применение языковых знаний для решения коммуникативных задач
1.Развитие коммуникативных навыков в после-текстовых упражнениях.
2.Фразовый глагол “MAKE”. Упражнения. Мини-диалоги.
Контроль: Тест урока 8.
Выполнение индивидуальных заданий преподавателя по разделу «Тексты для чтения»
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1.Прочтите слова несколько раз, используя знаки транскрипции:
joke [jquk], affordable [q’fLdqbl], actually [‘xkCuqlI], cute [kjHt], anticipate [xn’tIsIpeIt],
enterprise [‘entqpraIz], youth [jHT], opinion [q’pInjqn], debut [‘deIbH], lollipops [‘lOlIpOp],
impressive [Im’presIv].
2.Переведите следующие слова с русского на английский, проверяя правильность
произношения по упражнению 1:
шутка, фактически, возможный, привлекательный, ожидать, юность, смелое
предприятие, мнение, дебют, леденец на палочке, производящий глубокое
впечатление.
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Прочитайте лексическую программу текста А
1. she already has 40 stores across
her native Russia
у нее уже 40 магазинов по всей
родной России
2. Her clothing is like Forever 21
meets H&M
Ее одежда является соединением
Вечно Молодых с Высокой Модой
3. clothing at affordable prices with
lots of pink
одежда по доступным ценам с
избытком розового цвета
4. in an age group she belongs in в возрастной группе, к которой
она принадлежала
5. I actually think her stuff is cute Я действительно считаю, что ее
вещи привлекательны
6. is about to become very popular
in the teen fashion world
скоро станет очень популярным в
мире подростковой моды
7. is taking the youth fashion world
by storm
берет с боем мир молодежной
моды
8. This business adventure was the
brain child of her millionaire father
Это деловое предприятие было
детищем ума ее миллионера-отца
9. At first she was afraid but it looks
like it has turned out well
Сначала она боялась, но, похоже,
все пошло хорошо
TEXT А. Kira Plastinina: the Young Russian Designer.
young lady is making quite a reputation for herself in the fashion industry. Plastinina started her
enterprise two years ago and is taking the youth fashion world by storm. It stands to reason that
if you want to know what teens like to wear, why not ask a teen."
Plastinina has been compared to Paris Hilton and not in the crazy party girl sense, but rather for
her popularity in Russia, where she attends school by day and designs by night. Paris was a
guest of honor at Kira’s latest show during Moscow fashion week. Plastinina really likes Paris’
style and wanted her opinion on her collection. The designer’s father paid Paris $2 million to be
part of the event.
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Don’t take Kira Plastinina as a joke, she
already has 40 stores across her native
Russia, two in the Ukraine and two more
opening in the U.S. (NYC and LA) in April.
Her clothing is like Forever 21 meets H&M -
clothing at affordable prices with lots of pink.
The brand’s target age is 14 - 25 yrs old, in an
age group she belongs in. I actually think her
stuff is cute, I anticipate to check out her
clothing when the store opens in NYC (on
Houston Street and Broadway).
"The name Kira Plastinina is about to become
very popular in the teen fashion world. The
Currently her fashions are in over 30 family owned clothing stores across Russia . Kira is ready
to take America by storm at her first US debut. Yesterday it was announced that a store will
open in March on the corner of Houston and Broadway, in New York.
This business adventure was the brain child of her millionaire father. He ownes Wimm-Bill-
Dann, Moscow’s largest daily and juice company. At first she was afraid but it looks like it has
turned out well for the ambitious teen. Not only is Kira creating fashion, but she has a perfume
line, shoes, jewelry, candles and lollipops. Sounds pretty impressive!
ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТАМ А,В,С.
1.Прочитайте текст А и найдите 5 предложений, содержащих основную
информацию. Переведите эти предложения.
2.Перескажите текст А, используя выделенные вами предложения.
3.Прочитайте текст В и дайте характеристику вклада В.Юдашкина в
мировую моду (5 предложений).
4. Перескажите текст В.
Valentin Yudashkin is Russia’s most famous fashion designer and a decorated member
of the Academy of Arts of the Russian Federation. He is also honored with a rank of
National Artist of Russia. His clothes are displayed in the Louvre Museum of Clothes in
Paris, the California Museum of Fashion in Los Angeles, the Metropolitan Museum in
New York, the State Historical Museum in Moscow and in other museums around the
World.
Valentin Yudashkin is the only ever Russian designer to be honoured with membership of
the Syndicate of High Fashion in Paris. His first collection was created in 1987, and he
has since created more than 40 collections.
In 2003 he brought out his biographical album entitled “Valentin Yudashkin”, and an
exhibition of his clothing was held in the prestigious State Historical Museum in Moscow.
Since 2003 Valentin Yudashkin is a member of Camera Nazionale della moda Italiana.
“Valentin Yudashkin’s House of Fashion” has existed since 1988. Today his clothing
collections comprise both haute couture and prêt-a-porter, and accessories, jewelry,
porcelain and sun glasses complete the collection.
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TEXT B. Valentin Yudashkin
- Russia’s most famous
fashion designer
It is worthy of note that the company is famous not only in Russia but also abroad. At present
the “Valentin Yudashkin” brand can be found in his boutiques in many Russian and foreign
cities and interest is increasing rapidly.
Valentin Yudashkin’s collections have been shown during the weeks of haute couture and
prêt-a-porter in Paris, Milan, New York, and other cities.
VALENTIN YUDASHKIN Haute Couture fall-winter 2007-08
09.07.2007
Moscow Fashion Week started with Yudashkin Jeans collection show. The new season
clothes demonstrate motives and forms of designer’s 90’s collections characterized by floral
ornaments and fresh natural colors of impressionists’ art.
`Light, streamy textiles, sun-dresses decorated with big flowers, small shirts and skirts,
loose-fitting pants and pipe jeans decorated with embroidery, small jean jackets – all this
Yudashkin offers to girls for the next spring and summer.
`
The collection’s basic colors are white, milky, beige, lemon, light turquoise accented by
bright coral strokes. Black and white classic is also recommended for the new season.
`Silhouettes with low arm-holes and accented waistline are also taken from 90’s. Various
embroideries and applications, wide silk waistbands are still fashionable.
`The start of the Week was literally successful. The public was satisfied. Tatiana Mikhalkova,
the President of Russian Silhouette Fund characterized the collection as very elegant and
successful.
You cannot speak of Marlene Dietrich without mentioning her male tuxedo. That iconic picture
is placed in everyone’s head.
Yudashkin not only revived it classically but gave it a spin. He even designed a three piece
suit with waistcoat and a number of dinner jackets firmly tailored.
The lovely exquisite furs and gowns were all inspired by Garbo and Rokk. Floor length
dresses with flowery patterns reminded us of a time lost. His nice use of furs were more than
mentionable especially a black and white mink which had zip off sleeves that were held
together by white leather straps.
The designer states that he was not copying the 40s, but embodied it to understand the
charm and grace of that period.
Some useful words and phrases:
1. decorated member – награжденный (орденами, медалями) член
2. honored with a rank – присвоено почетное звание
3. only ever Russian designer – единственный российский дизайнер
4. entitled – озаглавленный
5. exhibition – выставка
6. to comprise – включать
7. streamy textiles – струящиеся ткани
8. loose-fitting – просторный
9. embroidery – вышивка
10. light turquoise – светло-бирюзовый цвет
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11. wide silk waistbands – широкие шелковые пояса
12. to give it a spin – запустить его в обращение
13. exquisite furs – изысканные меха
14. Floor length dresses – одежда длиной в пол
15. flowery patterns – цветочные орнаменты
16. mink – норка
17. zip off sleeves – рукава, отстегивающиеся с помощью застежки-молнии
18. white leather straps – полоски белой кожи
7. Прочитайте и переведите текст С.
TEXT C RUSSIA: HISTORY OF DRESS
The systematic study of the history of dress in
Russia began in 1832 with the publication of a
book by the president of the Academy of Arts,
Aleksei Nikolaevich Olenin (1763–1843).
The occasion for the writing of this book was a
decree of the Emperor Nicholas I, who expressed
the desire to see a painting with many figures on
the theme of the most important event in Russian
history: the baptism of the Russian people by
Prince Vladimir. The goal here would be to
represent all the classes of Russian society in conditions and clothing that approximated as
accurately as possible the actual conditions and clothing. Actual specimens of Russian dress
from early Russian history and even from the ninth to the thirteenth centuries had not been
preserved. The only way to recreate what Russians looked like in that epoch was to examine all
the possible sources: the archaeological data, all manner of written documents, as well as works
of handicraft and decorative art.
The most reliable information that we have concerning Russians dress of the pre-Christian
period comes from our knowledge of the materials common to that period: hides and leather,
bast, wool, flax, and hemp. The style of dress did not differ from that of the other Slavonic
nations. This was determined by constant communication between these nations, by a similar
manner of life, and by the climatic conditions. Women wore rubakhi (long shirts) down to their
ankles and with long sleeves gathered up on the wrists; married women also wore the so-called
ponevu (a kind of skirt consisting of a checked-pattern woolen fabric. Married women completely
covered their hair by a povoi or ubrus in the form of a towel, while maidens wore a venchik (a
narrow band of fabric or metal) on their foreheads.
Maidens of the richer urban families had the resources to ornament themselves with a koruna,
which differed from the venchik only by its more complex shape and finish. Men wore narrow
porty (trousers) and tunic-like sorochki (shirts) of linen, down to their knees or their mid-calves.
The footwear consisted in primitive shoes called lapti woven of bast, while the city-dwellers wore
lapti made of raw leather. We also know that men of the upper classes wore boots of fine
workmanship. According to the testimony of Akhmet (the ambassador of the Bagdal caliph
Muktedir), at the beginning of the tenth century Slavonic men wore cloaks of dense fabrics that
left one arm free. The appearance on the territory of Eastern Europe of the first feudal Slavonic
state, that of Kievan Russia,
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The Tatar-Mongol invasion led to a break in the contacts with Western Europe, and the
immediate proximity with Turkic-speaking peoples led to a change in the form of Russian dress.
Rashpatnyi clothing with a slit in front from top to bottom appeared, and men wore broad
trousers. One must say at once that, even after having borrowed the cut, terminology, and
certain elements of this foreign dress, Russians never lost their own national identity when it
came to clothing.
Russia served as the intermediary in the trade between Europe and Persia as well as Turkey.
Clothing made of diverse patterned and bright-colored fabrics acquired an especially decorative
character, and details consisting of gold (metallic) lace and precious stones made the garments
particularly magnificent. It is well known that, during the reign of Tsar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible,
1530–1584), foreigners desiring to receive an audience in the Kremlin were required to put on
Russian clothing as a way to recognize the magnificence of the Russian throne. In order to
make a favorable impression, servants were temporarily given fine and expensive clothing from
the tsar’s storehouse.
Women and young girls of the nobility wore the letnik (a garment with very broad, short sleeves
with detachable flaps made of expensive fabrics embroidered with stones and pearls). Because
of the heavy fabrics and the abundance of precious stones and pearls, the dress of both men
and women was very heavy, weighing as much as 44 pounds.
The sarafans of rich city women were made of silk and velvet, whereas those of peasant women
were made of painted domestic linen. The cut of the sarafan differed greatly depending on the
place where it was made and on the material: it could be straight, or it could be composed of
oblique wedges, kumanchiki, kindiaki, and so on. Over the sarafan was worn the dushegreia (a
short, wide jacket).
Over the course of his reign, Peter the Great (1672–1725; tsar from 1682, emperor from 1721)
issued seventeen decrees in his name that laid down the rules governing the wearing of
European-type dress, the types of fabrics, and the character of the trim for uniforms and festive
attire. This attests that Peter the Great reserved a special role for clothing in the system of
reforms he was instituting.
The formative element of the European female dress that had been brought to Russia in the
eighteenth century was the corset, and it contradicted the Russian ideal of beauty; however,
more important for the female dress was a type of headdress—the fontange. The latter was
successful in supplanting, if only in part, the traditional headdress of the married woman, which
had to cover the hair fully. In combination with heavy silken fabrics, this considerably facilitated
the assimilation of the new forms. A. S. Pushkin later wrote: “The aged grand ladies cleverly
tried to combine the new form of dress with the persecuted past: their caps imitated the sable
cap of the Empress Natal’a Kirillovna, and their hoop skirts and mantillas were reminiscent
to some extent of the sarafan and dushegreia.” The first to change their dress were the
members of the tsar’s family; and members of the court followed them.
The rigid ideological control of all spheres of life in the second half of the 1920s led to a situation
in which the creative heritage of brilliant artists was not understood, not actualized, and was
forgotten for a long period of time. The rulers considered it necessary to rewrite the recent
history, expelling from everyday life all mention of the past and, first and foremost, the material
incarnation of the revolutionary aesthetic ideal. The administrative system controlled
consumption and encouraged the formation of new elites, offering them the possibility of
acquiring clothing in special ateliers and stores. Clothes designers were being educated in the
arts department of the Textile Institute, but this profession was not considered a creative one,
with corresponding privileges.
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Furthermore, since there was no private enterprise, these designers could find work only at
state-owned firms and institutions (design houses, large specialized studios), submitting to the
state plan and worrying that they would be accused of being bourgeois degenerates. All
attempts to express one’s individuality through dress, to separate oneself from the faceless gray
crowd, were thwarted by administrative measures. In 1949, the word stiliaga entered the
Russian language and was used to stigmatize lovers of colorful clothing. In each city there
appeared a “Broadway” (usually the main thoroughfare of the city, named after the street in New
York City); and a promenade on this street could result in expulsion from the Textile Institute or
arrest for hooliganism.
The first to legalize the profession and to escape from the administrative captivity was Slava
Zaitsev (b. 1938), who established the Theater of Fashions (1980), which later became his
fashion house. By this time Russia had more than a few brilliant designers who were also
recognized abroad. Irina Krutikova (b. 1936) became widely known as a designer of fur clothing
and received the title “queen of fur.” She resurrected many old traditions and created new
methods for coloring and finishing fur. She opened her own studio in 1992.
The perestroika or great political change of the late 1980s made it possible to organize one’s
own business, to travel the globe, and to open boutiques of international brands in Moscow,
Saint Petersburg, and other cities of the former Soviet Union. It also offered great opportunities
for both creators and consumers of Russian fashion. This changed the appearance of cities and
liberated people from having to expend enormous effort to acquire the necessities of life.
Designers appeared who specialized in accessories. Irina Deineg (b. 1961) became known as a
designer of both common and exclusive styles of hats. Viktoriia Andreianova, Viktor Zubets,
Andrei Sharov, Andrei Bartenev, Valentin Iudashkin, and Iulia Ianina exhibit their collections
every year, and at the same they are developing designs for private individuals as well as for
mass production, filling corporate orders.
Some useful words and phrases:
1. baptism of the Russian people – крещение русских людей
2. handicraft and decorative art – кустарное производство и декоративное искусство
3. pre-Christian period – дохристианский период
4. Slavonic nations – славянские народы
5. hides and leather – шкуры и кожа
6. bast – рогожа
7. flax – лен
8. hemp – пенька
9. fine workmanship – высокое мастерство
10. testimony – свидетельство
11. ambassador – посол
12. immediate proximity – непосредственная близость
13. cloak– плащ
14. intermediary in the trade – посредник в торговле
15. festive attire – праздничное пышное облачение
16. oblique wedges – косые клинья
17. rigid ideological control – жесткий идеологический контроль
8. Дайте описания предметов традиционной русской одежды,
названных в тексте С.
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