Маркин А.Н., Низамов Р.Э. СО2-коррозия нефтепромыслового оборудования

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A.H- Mapxun, P.3.

Husqvoe

Tar

xar

[O]ll

I1*/tFl, a

-lg[f]

pH,

b*+ bo

b*bo

"*'

nAH

*Rr

nlgPc.o'

moH+lnk*Gt

k"Kfr

(2.31)

(2.32)

(2.33)

flepexo4.r

7.o0.

r V*r.,

ypar'uenue (2.33)

no anuoruv, c

(2.12)

MO)KHO 3arILrCaTb B BIA,4e

lsv

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273,2

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Q'34)

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cnpaBeArrr.rBo.

flplrnxn Da

0,1, brc:0,12, m:0,7, n:0,67, nonyquM:

(2.3s)

flo

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rro Koppo3n]r

yr-

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crrHTerr{qecr<ofi nnacrosofi roge Cauor.ropcroro

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uacurqeuuofi coz noa

pa3nr.IqH6IM

aaB-

reuuerr,r

[13],

nauu 6rrrr.r onpegsJleHbl

3uaqeHlrt xoncrarn A u B

ypan-

ueuut

(2.35),

Koropoe

B KoHeqHoM cqere rrplrHnMaer BIra

r,o6o:Havas

r:",

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(#.-ffi)norDAHM

El"*

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ffiaer"",.

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(2.32)

(2.29)

npu

js=ixop.u

Es= E*0.,

TOTAA

lgr-..

lgko +

+ mlgK, *

-A

.pH +

bx+ bt

lslt-.

t+--B

0,32pH

0,365lgPco,.

#n^*"'

CO2 -

roppostn ueQmenpoMdcnolozo

o6opydoeawa

lg|.""

=3,990+

::++

0,32pH+0,3651gP.o,,

Q'36)

211,2

rAe no-npexHeMy Z*.

nupaxeHa a urr.r/rog,

a Pssr- v

MIIa.

Vpao-

Herve

(2.36)

cnpareArrno

Ar-r

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ycrlonrai

(npu

rmoprx 6tulu

onpeAeJreHrr

KoHcralrrbl A

u B armenpneeAeHHoto

ypaoneuur (2.35)):

<r'c<60;

5,4<pH4,6;

0,001<Pgo2(MIa)<0,1;

85<HCOi

(rurh)<

600.

3ro nan6o.nee xapaKTepHr,Ie

3HaqeHlrt

pH,

Pgo,

u HCO:-

Aru

6orl-

rrruHcrBa rrpoMbrcJloB;tx

cucreu uet[t*rux

Mecropox,qeHltfi

3ana.qno-

Cra6upcnoro uera6accefina.

Cornauro

[13],

rex cJtJAIa.sx,

KorAa

cpe.qe

He BbrAerrrorct oca4xra

colefi

BcJreacrBl{e Hapy eHHt

yrJIeKu-

cJrorHoro

paBHoBec[t,

pH pacrsopa onpeaeJlterct 3TI4M

paBHoBecI{-

(ro

ecm

ne usueu-aror

ucKyccrBeHHo

BBeAeHI'IeM

KHcJIortI rrJII'I

qeroun),

cKopocrE

Koppo3EH

nocrotHHa

B IxI'IpoKoM unrepra.ne

pH,

HecMorpr

Ha cyrqecrBeHHoe

MsrreneHHe

Pgq

0,001

0,1

MTIa.

3ror

Qarr,

rporunopevarunfi

)ryaBHeHHIo

(2.13),

lerxo o6'r,scurns

ocHoBe

ypaBHeHr.rr

(2.36)

pteurueHl,Ie c(opocru

Koppo3l'Ill npll cHI'I-

xeuuu

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xaroAnofi

craguu)

ttouneHcupyercr

o6nerue-

Hueu anoAsofi

craaun

rro Mepe

yBeJII{tIeH!

pH.

flpt't 3ToM, ecrecrBeH-

Ho,

ua6nrogaercr

HeKompoe

yMeHb[eHI,Ie cralluoHapHoro

rloreHlrnana.

Pnc.

2.1

(un.

rx.n.)

runlocrpupyer

cKa3aHHoe

nporHo3

rlo

ypaBHeHnro

(2.36)

snaurremno

6luxe

gKcrIepHMeHTzurbHEIM

,4aHHbIM,

qeM

pacrle-

Tbr rro

)paBHeHLlo

.{e-Bap4a -

Munnuauca.

2,2.

ymenucnorHat

Koppo3llt

cranu

B cpeAax

c Bo3MoxHocrbx)

o6pa:onaurn

ocaAKoB

unnepanuHutx

conei

BrureugroxenHo€

cnpaBeAJIl,IBo,

ecJrlt

yr:IeKl.rcJrorHat

cpeAa He

BbrAellter ocaAKoB

MltHepalbHbtx

corefi. Oguaxo

MHor[x

peaJlbHr,Ix

Herfrenpourrc.noubx

cltcreMax

yrlexuclorofi npouecc Koppo3larr

ocJroxHeH

orJrot(eHlleM

colei

na Koppo3zpyloqyrc

noaepxHocrr.

tla-

Iqe Bcero oo4uax

tfara

nporyKql{u

cKBzDKHH

BblAeJrter coJrl BcJreAcr-

rr.re

Aefictruq

cle4yroqrlx

$arropon

(ruru

rlx xor'a6nuarytu):

yMeHbrxeH[t

o6rqero

.qasreHat

B cllcreMe;

H3MeHeHrrr reMneparlpH

(uanpuuep, BepotrHocrb

oca.lqeHrtl

rap6ouaroa

romqar

LI xeJle3a

Bo3pacraer

c [oBI'IrIeHI'reM reruneparyplt);

H3MeHeHrrr

xr.rMl{qecKoro

cocraBa

Boabl,

'rro

uoxer na6llrcAarl-

cr KaK rrpu

cMerl]eHHL

BoA

pa3[I'ITIHO|O

COCTaBa,

TaK L B

pe3yJlETare

A.H. Maprcuu, P.3. HrcaMol

Koppo3r.ru,

Koraa BoAa

o6oraqaeTcr

IloHaMH

xeJre3a.

lnr

paccrr.rarpu-

BaeMbrx

clrcreM naa6o.nee

pacnpocrpaHeHHblMu

orJroxeHu;rMlr

flBJrr-

rcrcr rap6onaru

Kanblrlrr u xeresa, a raKlre

Koppo:ur

(rnaea

l),

flpnHrm

cqr{Tarl, uro rcap6oHar

Kalrblrnr {BJr.f,erc{

3aIqIrrHLrM

oca.qroM. 3ro cnpaeegnueo

AJrg

orHoct{TeJrrHo [pecHhIX

BoA, coAep-

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KHcnopoA.

Ocagox

CaCO3

gToM

cJD rae nJlornr,rfi,

xopono

cqeueH c MeraJrJroM

(oco6enuo,

ecnu ocagxoo6pa:oBaHne

BLBBaHo

noBbr reHr4eM

reruneparypu) 14 npu

cBoeM o6pa-:onaur-ru

6.lorupyer

ga,rr,uefiuree

pauBr,rrfie

Koppo3HH,

pa3aerr.fl

cpe4y n ueramr. Taxofi

MexaHu3M

Moxer

pea.Jrr43oBrrBarbcr

u a

6ecrncnopogHrrx uetfrenpo-

METCJTOBbTX CHCTeMaX,

OAHaKO 3AeCL OCagOn

caco3 He CTOnb nJrOTeH U

oaHopoaeH, HaMHoro

nerqe

yAiuteTcs

noBepxHocTu MeTiuura,

a Mec-

Ta ero oTcJraHBaHH.r

cTaHoB9Tc{

aKTHBHblMr,r

aHoaaMH, rAe

cKopocT6

Koppo3tru Moxer

Aocrrlrarr,

5...8 uru/roa. JloKa,'rr,Hoe yAaJreHHe

rrneH-

KH ocaAKa

CaCO3

rvroNer [poucxoAuTL

KaK B

pe3yn6Tare

geficrnru

qacro

MexaHuqecrnx

{arcropon

(a6pa:uruoe

.qeficreue

B3BerleHHbrx

qacrr,f

rulpaBnurrecKr4e

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npoxox.{eHu-

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Ap.),

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p$yJrrTare

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pacrBopgnr{rr

mreHKH B Mecrax HanprxeHHoro cocroflHlr{ Tpy6onpo-

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HKT. HanprxeuHoe cocrotHr{e Bbr3brBaer

ycKopeHHoe

3 ...7

paz pacrBopeHue

Kap6ouara Ka:rbunr

B 3aBHcHMocrH

BeJrr{quH

r-r xapaKTepa rr3MeHeHHr Ha[prx(eHHoro cocroruur

[41].

Kap6oHar xereaa

(cugepHr)

TarcKe rpaArrqnoHHo

orHocrr K oca.q-

I(aM 3aI{HTHoro runa

[14-16,

42...45].

Teu

ne uenee

prA

HccneAoBa-

Teneft orMeqaer,

qro

ocaxAeHHe FeCOI se

o6xgarenHro npHBoArrr K

tlopunporauuro

3arqrrrHoro

cnor Ha noBepxHocrH

MerarJra. B

pa6orax

3arraAHbrx aBropoR

[14,

15,42-45] o6uaM

MecroM crano

),"rBepx,{eHue,

vro

3au1r.mHrrfi crofi

Kap6oHara xeJre3a Moxer

o6pa3oBbtBarbct nuurb

npr,r reMleparype Bbrue 60

oC.

O6ocHosrrsaror 9To reMr

qro

cKopocrb

yrJreKHcJrorHofi

Koppo3Hx c noBbrureHHeM TeMneparyp6r

rrpoxoAnr

MaKcHMyM

npB 70...80

oC,

a cnuxenne Koppo3r.ru npu 6olee

errcorofi

TeMneparype

(>100

"C)

cBr36rBaror c

Qopuuporanr.reM

3aulr.rrHoro

cu-

aepr4roBoro

cror. HKega

(Ikeda)

c coaBropaMr.r

[42]

a:ra6oparopHux

3KcrrepHMeHTax Ha[reJr,

qro

B HHTepBaJre

reMrreparyp 60...

100

clofi

cu4eplura He {BJrrercr

3arqr,rtruv.

flpu

galrnefitlreM

oBbrIrleHHI.I

TeM-

fleparypbr FeCO3 nperepneaavr nopQo,rorlruecKue

lteMeHenur,

yrrJror-

Hserca

H npuo6peraer 3arIr.rrHbre

$yurqr.rrz.

[5]

orveveHo,

vro n

- rcopposun neQmenpoubt cnoaozo o6opydoeanun

prAe

ra3oBblx

cKBalIo,IH

oAHoro H3 Mecropo4qeHl,rfi rrrara Texac

(ClllA)

Hau6onruee

quclro

Koppo3r.rBHbrx noBpex,{eHr,rfi HKT na6nro-

4arr.r

Ha rny6uuax, rae reMnepa'rypa cocraBJrrer 60...98

'C.

AHa,rHs

MuHepillrbHbrx

ouoxenufi

c Br{),"rpeHHei rroBepxHocru HKT us

srrx

cKBiDKItH noKa3a.Jr,

qro

oHIt cocTotT, flraBHbIM o6pa3oM

ug FeCO:, Ha

3TOM OCHOBaHnT{

aBTOpbr

[15]

AenarOT

BbrBO,4,

rrTO

ITX

AaHHbre

nO.4-

rBep)rq4aror

p*ynbrarbr

na6oparopurx ercnepurrleHron

[42].

Hau6olee

[ocreAoBareJrsHo

H3JroxeHHar roqxa 3peHr{l orpoKeHa

pa6ore

[14],

aaropu

Koropofi

Anr

nporHo3rrpoBaHr{r cKopocrr.r

yrne-

KncnoTHofi Koppo3r.ru cTanH B

ycnoBHrx

ocaxaeH[r cq.qepnTa BBoATT

xos${r,qr.reur

BJrnrHr{-f, ocaAKa

Ha cKopocrb Koppo3r,rH

F*a" llpu

ocaxtqeHur,r FeCO3 cxopocr;

Koppo3r,ru

Vffle

V*e.4*u, r!,e I/kop.

paccqHTbIBaIoT

(2.13),

a Fscab

3aRvcr4T

or reMneparypr,I ra

Pg6,

(puc.2.2,

rIB. BKr.). Tax ran oca,4or FeCO3 cqHTaercr 3aulrrHrnrr, ro 0

Fs"au

l, flpnqeM, KaK cne.4yer H3

pt4c.

2.2, 3aur]rrHbre cBoficrBa cHAe-

pHTa

nporBnsrorcr flpu reMneparypax He nuxe 70...80

oc.

Apyrn

rry6ruKarrrrx

B ocHoBHoM

poccuficrnx

arropon

[13,

16,17, 46-481- orMeqar)T,

qro

yrJreKucJrorHo[

cpege

3au1r4THar cpr-

AeprroBarl

ruIeHKa

MoxeT o6pa3oBbrBaTbcr H rIpH TeM[epaTypax

20...50

'C.

Peuamr5no

poJrb

3Aecb

urpaer coorHorxeHr.re MexAy l,

Ps6, H XUMLTIOCKHM COCTaBOM

BoAbl, olpeAentloulee, r vacrHocru,

pacrBopa

rr Bo3MoxHocrb o6pa3oBaHHr

cv/iepvna

(uru

ropposlira).

Tax,

[40],

B na6oparopHslx

ycroBulx

npu Ps6r: I 6ap u 50

xJropr.rAHbrx

pacrBop

(

(1%-n

NaCl) Ha

rloBepxHocrx rpy6Hofi

crarlt

noryqeHbt MflHep;urbHbre

orJroxeHr{r, cocTotlqlle

I{3 Marpr.IIIbI He

pac-

TBopuBrrrerocr

qeMerrrr{ra

craJrn, 3arrorHeHHofi

cr.raeprroM

(.rro

6nn:xo

K HarxeMy repMHHy

"nopposlrr").

I4s

4raarpalruu

c)ruIecrBoBaHllt

FeCO3

(cv. puc.

1.3)

creryer,'no npn P66r:60

IdIa, HCO3

:750

wr/r

H KoHrIeHTpaq[H Fe2*:10

ur/n o6pa3oBaHl.re

cIrAepI4Ta

Bo3MoxHo

),tKe

npu 2O

"C,

t4, KaK noKa3blBalor

na6oparopHble sxcnepulrenru

[16],

FeCO: o6naAasr sauImHbIML

cBoficrBaMH,

OAno ras

Bo3MoxHbrx o6rrcueuuft,

noqeMy B

[15]

na6ruoganu uu-

TeHcr.rBrryro Koppo3uro

Ha noBepxHocru HKT orrnagsnalct

c44e-

pKr,

Koppo3nr, He o6na,4arorqnfi

3aqHTHbIMH ceoficrnauu

(nanpornn,

crHMynnpyorqufi

Koppo3uro

onpeaeneHHoM

HrrrepBane

pH!),

rlac-

To ouru6oqHo

nAerrrl,tQl,IqupyeMblfi

KaK cllAeprfr.

,{pyroe

o6r,rcneune

A.H.

Mapxuu, P.3. Husauoe

JroKaJrbHoe oTcJIar4BaHI,Ie

cHAepIlTa,

KaK OTIIICaHO

Bt'I[e

Int

caco3.

Bosr\.roxHo raKxe

HepaBHoMepHoe

o6pa3oBaHue

FeCO3 Ha noBepxHo-

cru

HKT B ra3oBbrx c(BiDKr{Hax

pe3yJl6Tare

nepeMeHHoro cMaqlrBa-

Hr4r rroBepxHocTr.r

Meranna BoAHoi

{a:ofi

npo.qyrquH

cKBa)rutH. flpu

oTHOCTTTeJTLHO

He6OJIbIITOM

COAepXaHI{Il

BOAH B npol(yKr-l}lu Ir

BEICOKO'

c(opocTr.i

ABHr(eHrrr

ra3oxlr,(KocrHofi

cMecH

KoHTaKT BOAHOfi

0a3bl

[oBepxHocrr,Io

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(nu.4elen[e cso6oanofi sogu)

ua6lro4aercx

ne na

gcefi

rrnoulaAu

HKT, a nmlr

Ha maeJIr,HbIX

)Aacrrax.

flplr srou

gaxe

npu ue6onrlloM ItMeHeHI,Iu

pexrlua

pa6oru

cKBIDKIIHrI

)AacrKH

HKT,

na Koropbrx nepBoHaqaJILHo

npoucxoAltno

BbIAeJIeHI'Ie

80A6I, B

cregyoulufi

MoMeHT BpeMeHIt

MoD/T KoHTaKTI'IpoBarb

roJrbKo

c ra3oM.

flonarno,

qro

npn TaKoM

cMaqHBaHI4It

Herb3t oxtllnarb o6pa3oBaHl,It

cnnounofi

garrrurofi

nnenxl,r u.tAepara.

Haxoner6

a noguofi t[a:e npo-

ayxrrrrrr

cKBalKrrH MecropoxAeHl,tt,

paccMarpuBaeMoro

5],

co.aep-

)tlrrcr 3HaqnreJIEHoe

KoruqecrBo

Ca"*

18,0 r/n, a 6onsurr'lrcrso

r-rccnegonatelefi cqrralor,

qro

rarruufi

orpnqarenbHo

Bnnaer Ha 3a-

qu:rnue

cnoficraa

FeCO3

(conruecrHoe

ocaxneHne

Koppo:ura n CaCO3

Taxxe npnBoAr{r

ycI4JreHI{b Koppoolrrl, cu.

nuxe).

YrurexNcrotsar

Koppo3l,It

yrnepo4uctofi

craultt

ycnoButx,

xa-

paKTepHr,rx

arrr

He$r.ruux

uecropoxrerufi

3anaAsofi

Ctl6upu, ro ecrs

rrpr.r

HeBbrcoKnx

(0,01...0,2

MIIa)

napunalrubrx

AaBJIeHE

x CO2,

uc-

cnegonaHa

[

13, l8].

XaparrepHrrun

oco6enHocuuu

xoppo:r.roHHofi cpeAbl

3Aecb

tB-

JI'K)TC':

cnaias

(ao

40 r/n) MuHepatrlrcaqnc

aognofi

$a:rt

flpoAyltIr]rr

CKBZDKI,IH;

ee [paKTrrqecK'

Hefirpansnac

pearqnr

(pH:6,6...7,5);

Bo3Mo)r(Hocrb

o6pasonaunr

oca.{KoB,

B ToM

qxcre

Koppo3l'rra

caco3,

Ha Kopposuplrorqefi

noBepxHocrH.

flpu ocax4enuu

Koppo3lrra

MoxHo BbIAeJIIITI'

cJle.4/Ioqxe

oco-

6euuocrn

yuexr.rcnorHofi

xopposnn

cralu

(puc.

2.3, a, 6):

sHa.xlrerrrHbrft

pa36poc

cKoposrefi

(noplqKa

129...50

!30...56

rrpu oaHoM H ToM

xe 3HaqeHuu

pH;

crerreHL

pas6poca

MaJro 3aBlrclir

or co,4epxaHnt

n roge 6nrap-

6ouar-aoua

r.r

yueHbuaerct c

yBeJluueHueu pH;

B onpeAeJreHHBrx

guanasouax

pH (5,6...6,7

npu HCO3-:90

Mr^r

u 6,3...6,7

rrpu

HCO3-

450 runh) Ha6lrogaercx

MaKcHMyM rar a6co-

rnonrofi

cxopocru

Koppo3lrln,

TaK

I{ ee

H3MeHeHafl; n rrou rrrepsane

cpeAHr.te H MaKcuMaJIbHbIe

3HarIeHItl

cKopomu

Koppo3HH cTarH

B BOAe C

HCO;=

456

".7n

ua 30

o/o

eHure, ue},r

e so.4e c HCOi

90 MrrI;

tEe

la;i

ors

l{a

o.o

otr

1,0

0.9

o.s

o,z

0,6

a.i E

o,s

o,+

0 E nr

o,z

Utr

0,1

0,0

0,9

0,8

0,7

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

8,7

8,2

5,2 5,7

6,2

6,7

7,2

7,7

8,7

8,2

7,7

7,2

6,7

6,2

Pnc.2,3.

3aeuatuodnb

crcwmu

Koryo3uu

cmanu

cuHmemuqecKo,

nna'

ctnoeod

eodtt

CaMomnopcKo?o

HeQrnFHo2o

MecmopoKdeHun

codnaea

(2/n):

NaCl

17,00; CaClz

O,14;

MgClz

0,20; a

NaHCOs

0,127

(HCOj

=90Mr/n);

"c;

NaHCoa

0,633

(

Hco;

=450

Mrin): f

=50"c

A.H. Maprcuu, P.3. Husauoe

cpenl{ve,

MaKcHMaJrLHbre H

MHHaMaJIbHbIe

cKopocTH Koppo3Hl,r

yMeHbuarorcr

pocroM pH,

a npu

pH:

8,5 coBnaAaror

Anr

cpe.q

HCO.-

99 u 450 rur/n.

6e3 ocaAKoo6pa3oBaH[Jr cKopocrb Koppo3Hr.r Bocnpoa3BoAHTcr c

nofpelxHocTblo oKono 12 Yo.

flpoqecc Koppo3nr.r nporexaer cneA),ronruM o6pa3oM. Ilpr.r norpy-

xeHlrz

MeranJra B

pacrBop

sneKTpoJrHTa Haqr,rHaercr "o6nuna.r"

(6es

ocaAroo6pa3oBaHr.r-r)

ymeru,rclorualr

Koppo3l

r, MexaHH3M Koropofi

orucaH Bbrrrre. Cxopocrr Koppo3r.ru

yrJrepoArrcrofi

crzrnu B 3ToM crry-

rrae

nocrorHHa, He 3aBr.rcr,rr Hanprlryro or KoHrleHTparluu HCO3- r

pac-

rBope,

fl orpeAerrercr

sHaqeHBeM

Pco,(2.36). B

pe:y,rsrare

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npusrerrpo4nrrfi

crofi o6omruagrcs

'AoHaM

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.qocrurarcTcr

ycJroBHJr

ocax4eHnt Koppo3uTa, o6pa:onauue Koroporo

lpolrcxoAuT B npu3JreKTpo,qHoM c oe Hnv, corJracHo

f16,

l7f,

twtuercx

cJIe.(crBHeM

gneKrpoxuMuqecxr.rx

peaxqni

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Bxo4.rrqae B cocraB

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n usouop$ua.r

ero crpyr(rype

$a:a

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Ir( KoJruqecrBeHHoro

coorHo-

lIIeHrfi 3aBI4ctT 3aulr{THbre

I,rnL cTlrMynqpyrcqqe cBoficTBa ocaaKa

vr.rcrui crl4eprn

o6ra4aer

3aurItrH;IMI,I cBoficrBaMlt, a noBr,IueHne

coAepxaHns

B Koppo3rrTe TpeTr,efi

+aarr

npHnogrTr K ToMy,

rrTo

oH cTa-

HOBHTC.I

pbIxIBIM,

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npOHHIIaeMr,IM, nOBI'IUaeT SneIcrpOXHMHqe-

cxyro rereporeHHocrr, crilJrx

v crlarynnpyer ee Koppo3nro

U6,

491. C

noBbrrrreHr.reM B

pacrBope

xoHrleH'rpauHH HCO3- o6nerqaeTcr o6pa3o-

BaHxe

KaK

crrnepr{ra

(a:-sa

nonrturea}r;I KoHlleHrpaquu CO32

npu

az'ccor1lrz.a:.1lz,u

HCO3

rar< H Bropofi

$aau,

o6pa:yol1efict

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npo-

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[16,

l7]. Iloerouy

qacro

Ha-

6rnoAaerc.s nvHeiinar.

Koppentuut Mexry KoHuenrpaqnei 6LIKap6o-

Har-r.roHa

cKopocrrro

Koppo3urr

[46,

50].

Apyrofi

cropoubl,

poc-

ToM

npx nocrorHHofi KoHIIeHTpaIIITH

HCO3-,

alr

o6pa3oBaHlrt

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'rpoaHoM

cJroe,

rrro

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Il3

pacqera

HH,qeKca HacbII{eHI{t

BoAbI

rap6onarou xel€3a Slpsq6,

(r,rara 1), Cregonare.nruo,

yaenavenue

npH

npoql{x

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ycJIoBHtx

cnoco6crayer o6oranIeHI'IIo

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cHAeplrroM,

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K TopMoxeHIrIo

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vueur,ruenue

cHrD(aer

HrfreHcr{BHocrb

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3a cqeT

pocTa

pacrBopH-

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H npu

AocTaToqHo

BbICoKHX Ps6,

I,.lIPt Hu3-

rrx

ocagxoo6pa3oBaHl,re

He Ha6JrloAaerct.

Taxr,ru

o6pa:ou,

xpunrre

CO2

roppoaua ueQmenpoJubtclolozo

o6opydoeauun

"pH

cr<opomr

Koppo3HH" r,rMeror MaKcrMyM.

Haluqxe iroro MaKcu-

MyMa, cBr3aHHOrO

C COOTHOTIeHXeTtT

rfaa

O6paryrOUeMCr

ocaAKe, tB-

ngeTc',

Hau B3HJIA, OAHTTM H3

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ytJreKrr-

cnoruofi

xopposuu npu

ocd(4eHrra Koppo3rra.

,{pyrar

xaparrepHar oco6eHHocrb,

Koropyo rarxe uoxuo

o6r,-

rlcHliTb pa3rrrrrHrlM

cooTHolIeHHeM B Koppo3rrTe

cuAepura n u:onrops-

uofi

euy tpasu

6olrruofi

pa:6poc

cKopocrefi Koppo3nr.r

npx HeH3MeH-

Hbrx BHerrrHrx

ycnoBr4rx

(revneparypa,

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pH,

xuuuqecxr.rfi cocrag

ao4uofi

$asu).

IlocrosHHar cxopocrb Koppo3nr4 MeraJrra

eule He

o3Ha-

qaer,

qro

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)AacrKr.r

r xa;rgr,rfi MoMer{T

BpeMeHH

Koppo3r.rp}'ror c

6rusrr.ruu cxopocrrura. Hanpornn,

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cpe4nefi

cxopocrr4 Koppo3r.ru

ua raxou-nr.r6o

yracrxe

o6pasqa BecbMa BbrcoKa

141,

491.

C.negoaarelr,Ho,

HepaBuoMepHofi no noBepxHocrn

Mera ra

6yger v roHqeu,

parrHr

Fe2+ B npa3JrercrpoAHoM

cJroe, or

(oropofi

npu

flpowrx

paBH;rx ycnoBlrJtx

3aBIrcHT coorHorleHrae FeCO3

H Tperbefi

rpa:u n

o6pa:lrouleMcr

Koppo3r{re. fiagpognuavura

BeporrHoe Me-

crHoe [oAIqeJraqHBaHHe

npH3nexTpoAHoro

cJror BHoctr eure 6o.rrnryo

HeonpeAeJteHHocrb

B npoqecc oca4roo6pasonaHr,rr

Kar( Ha orAenbHoM

yqacrKe,

TaK H Ha acefi xopposllplroqefi

noBepxHocrx. flosrolry

npu

yrreKncnorHofi

Koppo3nn craJru

ycJloBlxlx

ocorqeHr.rr Koppo3ltra

[pH HeH3MeHHbrX

BHeTXHTTX

yCnOBHrX,

HO B

pa3nr.rrrHr,rx

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CKOpOCTIT

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Moxuo ronopars nrurr

sau6oree Bepo.srHoM

ee 3uaqe-

HI.IH npn 3aAaHHErX BHelxHIIX

yCrOBr.rSX.

flpn

onpe4e.reuHrrx

coqgraH[{x

t, Pg6., xnMllqecKoro cocraBa

BoAHofi

0a3br

B Tpy6onporo4ax CCH Bo3MoxHo

ocaxAeHue He roJrbKo

Koppo3rrra, xo u xap6ouara Kanbrlnr. flpu erorr,r B orJrr,rqfie

or npouec-

coB

gJreK'rpoxHMl,rqectofi

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genonrpzraqr.refi,

rAe

yrJrerlrcnorHr,Ix

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oca4orc

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K:lJrbrl}Ir,

o6raAauqfii srrcorofi

aAre3Hefi

K MeraJUry n 3a-

ulr,rrnbrMn

cBoficrBaMn

[1],

yrnerr,rcroruaur

Koppo3rxr

yrnepoAncrofi

cTarJrH B

aeasprrpoBaHHbrx

BoAax cTnMyirHpyercr coBMecTHbrM oca)iiqe-

Hr,reM

Ha Koppo3Hpyroqyo

noBepxHocrL Kopposnra n xap6ouara

ra-nu-

rlut

147,

511.

A.H. Maprcuu,

P.3.

HttsqMoa

2.3. nporHo3rpoBaH}le

yrneKrcrorHofi

Koppo3url

cranx

B PoccHIr o,qHLIMIr

tt3 nepnrrx

pa6or no [po6JreMe

yrneKlrcJrorHofi

Koppo3ult

6rru rry6luraryru

BHHIuIfA3a

H ero

(bItJIHzuroB

(70-e

rr'

npolllnoro cToflerlljl)

ra3oKoHAeHcarHblM

CKBaDK'IHaM

I{ Tpy6onpo-

BOAaM,

TpaHCnoprr.rpyoulIM

ra3oBblfi

KoHAeHCaT. Er'Ura lpeAllot(eHa

Knaccu(buKar$r

rasoKoHleHcarHblx

cHcTeM

rlo m( Koppo3IrBHocTI'I

3aBr.rcrrMocTH

oT TeMnepaT)?bl

Pggr. K MaJOXOppO3HBHbIM

OTHeCeHbI

cpe.(br

c P6s2<0,02

Mfla, K

BbIcoKoKoppo3I'rBHbIM

c Pa6r>0,2

Mfla

[52].

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pa6orbl

6Hrn

gsInolIHeHH

I,I B

apyllrx

crpanax.

Tan, no

pexoueHgaqr.r.ru AuepunaucKoro

liHcrI{D/Ta

*Ie$rra, crlcreurr

c Pm,

=0,05

MfIa

cqrralorc.r

Koppo3lrBHo

HeonacHbIMH,

npn Pca,2

=0,05

MIIa

=0,2

MfIa nosuoxHbl

cpeAHHe,

a npu

Px6r>

=0,2

Mlla

Bbrcorne

ctopocru

roppo:r.ra

[53].

nocreglroqeu

anq

nporHo3upoBaHnt

cKopocrlr

yruIercuclornoi

Koppo3r{n

6ulo

npeg.noxeHo

ypaBHeHl.re,{e-BapAa-Mu;lluauca

(2.13),

nepnonauarBHo

rilx)Ke

BbIBeAeHHoe

.(rq

clcreM

c BJTZDI(HI'IM

ra-

sou.

Orpaunvennr

HcnoJrb3oBaHHL

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(2.13)

nuonansl

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xAe

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qro

oHo

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pem;rrcIllero Brlj'IirtlI

xInMI4qe-

cKoro

cocraBa BoAnofi

Qasu

npoqeccbl

pacrnopeuu.r

CO2 H o6pa3o-

nanru

r<ap6ouaror

u rap6oHarHux

coegnHeIrnfi,

a 3Haql{f'

u Ha cKo-

pocrb

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cranu.

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pe3yJrrTa-

rbr Mo)r(Ho

nolr5ruurb,

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ypaBHeHr{e

(2.36) rruecro

(2.13).

Xo-

[14]

L cAenaHa

nonbtrKa

BBecrr{

ypaBHeuue

(2'13)

[orrpaBoqHble

noerf$uquernu,

ytLITlIBaK)Ique

pH rogHofi

Sa:u,

:au1r'nnrrfi

ocagon

xap6oHara

xeJle3a,

cKopocrb

ABI'DKeHI'II

cpegrr,

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cucreMe,

nalr.rvr.re

neQru

u uurr't6uropon

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TeM

He MeHee

npr.rMeueHue

(2.13), rax xe

xar u

(2.36),

nporHo3rrpoBaHut

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sHH Ir4OXer

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AJI'

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co racHo

(2.l3),

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cpeAHenoBepxHocrHblx

norepb

Maccbr

B Tpy6olpoBoAax

CCH

mecropoxgeHrai

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pafioua xone6arorct

B rlpe,qenax

or 0,2

1,6

v'v/top,,

qro

B IreJroM

conracyerc.{

c o[brrHBIMq

,4aHHrIMI'I.

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gnr

rourperuux

rpy6o-

npoBoAoB

pe3yJIETarbI,

noJrJAaeMbIe

ypaBHeHllo

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Mnmuanaca,

qacro

pacxoatrct

aaHHBIMI'I

SKcnep[Me]rfa

HarypHblx

ycnoBltjlx

Bo tllnornx

r:py6onposoAax

CCH

eHaqeHl'rs

KaK Pco2,

TaK I'I

t 6rH3Kr,I

(veuy,

cornauro

(2'13),

noaxuu

coorBercrBoBarb

6rHsKr'Ie

xoppntn neQmenpoMbtcnolo?o o6opydoeauun

cKopocru ropposr.rn), a

aeficrsuremHo

sa6nroaae*mre cKopocrn nore-

pr,r

Maccbr

MeraJrJra

pa3Jrnqarorcg,

uwx s 2. ..5

pa:

(ra6r..

2.1).

Ta6tu4a 2, I

Pa3JrnqHq B 3HaqeHr.rsx cKopocrefi norepH Maccbr

Tpy6onpoBoA

Ilporuor II3MeDeHBar cKoDogrE

Ae-Bapay-

MunnnaMcy'

IOKa"q6Hat,

no MeToanK9

I48- 541

ycpeaHeH-

Eofi norepe

M'CCLI

IOKaJlblfaq,

BpeMeHr florB-

neHsc l-tr c|rBl'r

1989

1990 zz.

0.14 l.l6 0.2...0.3 0,93

0,28 0.95

0.1_..0.4

c 0.18

0,90

0.2...0.4

1.42

0,22

0.73 0.1...0.4 0.58

1992 z.

0,26

0,42 1.80...3.12

F 0,32 0,87

1.35

3.1'7

G 0.29 0,86

2.81

0.31 0,94 2,96 2,8t...4,35

1993 z.

E o,27 0.49 0.66

0,34

0;r2 t.t0...2;12 5.12...6.63

0,28 0,87

2,97

H 0,33

0,91

2.09...2.t6

CpeAsenoBepxHoc

rar ckopocrE nor€pn Maccbl MeraJrJia

ycJroBHoM

rrepecqere na r,ry6nuy roppo:t-rr,

uv/roa

Has6o:ree npn6ruxeHuufi

peallbHocrH

nporHo3

ypaBHeHltt

(2-13)

(2.36)

mtor

AJrr

cKBalKt4H

u rpy6onporo4on c BIIcoKI,IMH rrap-

qHaJrbHbrMH

AaBJreHr{rMIt

COz, rorga ocagxoo6palonanue

orcyTcTByeT

lnH MarnoBeporruo. HepanHouepnyo

Koppo3lrlo oIIeHETb

ypaBHe-

uutw

(2.13)

(2.36)

noo6qe

HeBo3Mo)I(Ho, xort IrMeHHo oHa,

ToM

qucre

csoefi

rpaiuefi

{opue

rorarbHofi

Koppo3r{Ir, tBnterct rJraB-

Hoft npo6reuofi ua Bcex

MecropoxaeHl{tx.

[48,

54]

Ha ocnoBe crarucrrnqecKoro

aHiurr.rsa Koppo3r,rBnblx or-

raaon rpy6onporoaos CCH Cauouopcxoro

nrecropor4geunr n 1986-

1 989 rr. npeacraBJreHbr 3aBncr.rMocru,

rro3BoJrrbrrlue nporHo3npoBarb

$arrnvecryn

nry6uwy npoHlrKHoBeHnr

arg,rpeHueii rorarsuofi rop-

posnra

ue$reraso[poBoaoB no cellrl

$usr.rxo-xvtMumecKvrM

r{ rnApoAu-

HaMlrqecKHM

Qarropau.

Meroaura

JAHTbrBaer

BrutHve Ha cKopocrb

Koppo3r.rn ronqesrpaqufi nouon Cl-,

HCO3-, Ca2*,

pH,

gaueuux

rpy6onpono,qe,

cKopocrll

norora

I'!

o6soaHeHHosm

He$rn.

Conoctan-

neHr{e

[porHo3HED(

pezrnbHblx

cxopocrefi

Koppo3HH

noKa3aro,

trro

""po"t*to"t"Io

69 /o

unrepzaste

cxopocreft

Koppo3lrH

r'.rrrl/ro4

norpeuluocTb

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ror rleplloA

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He npeBblllltrJla

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(crrr.

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A,B, C,

D)' B 1992-1998

rr.

B cBt3l'l

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rpy6onponogaM

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npe)rne

Bceno c

I'EMeHeHIleM

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qt,tn

pacrBopeHHofi

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[48,

54] crall 3HaqH-

TeJrbHo 3aHID(eH

rlo cpaBHeHulo

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aaHHbIruu

(cr*'r.

ra6l.

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E, F, G, H).

B 1995 r.

aBTopaMH

6ula

npegloxena

MeroAIlKa

rlporHo3l'lpoBa-

HHr

cKopocru

yueruclornofi Koppo3lrlt

craJIIl

ycJIoBI'Itx o6parona-

Hnr

Koppo3rTa,

6a:npylorqarcr

Ha 3aBllcl'IMocrtx

puc.

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flpu ronqernpaw'ul

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B BoAe

90 Mrft

5,4<

pH <8,6

V^n

= -

0,0285PH2

+ 03727

0'9604.

0,0363pHt

0,8164pH2

+ 5,9125pH

13,383.

V,*

0,0623pH3

1,3686pH2

+ 9,687 6pH

21,51

flpra

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n soAe

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=o,o3olpHz

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451,1-

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e.Zt,o)

+ 326,7

PH -

597

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r1e V*r,

u I/ro

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poxreHlrt.

To.rHoctt rro cKopocrg Koppo3Hr{

ne 6oree BToporo 3Ha-

ra. 3xcnepuue*rraJlbHble

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ynn

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350...620 v.r/t nprr

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15.,.45

r/l x

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m 20

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pH,

rge

na6mogaerca uancu-

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F(pH)

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Yo,

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=60

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o/o

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a B

M}tHI,dMaJ,bHaA

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B uH-

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nporuosurtft

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posuu".

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qro

npu

pH=

7,9...8,6, RorAa

Koppo3ur

o6oraqeu

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MaKcnMatbHar,

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Mr.rHIl-

MaJIbHart

cKopocrrz Koppo3HH 6.rlrsrr.r, lloNHo lpHHrrb,

rrro

npr,t

SToM

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10...30

s 100

cJD taeB

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BeporTHbre

cKopocTH

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onpeAeneHr.tr

ct(opocrn norepH Maccbr Me-

Tuma np yrneruc,rorHoi

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r,r3-

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pH.

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BI.rAy,

qro

3HaqeHur

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u .na6oparopul.r,

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e na6oparopurx

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ua 0,3...0,8 Bbrrrle

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IIo,q ucrnnHuu 3Har{eHr,reM rroHr{Maercr pH

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c srtlrrl crelryvr

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e rpy6onpoBoAe,

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. .45

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or cpellHet

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0,30

0,25

0,20

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0,25 0,50

0,75

1,00 1,25

1,50

2,OO 4,00

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or cpellrefi

no Kaccsre

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(170

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[63]

onuaro

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[57],

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(2.13), (2.36)

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pttc.2.4,

Hav6o-