Mackesy P. The War for America, 1775-1783
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CASTEX, R., Manoeuvre * de la Praya, 1781 (1912).
CASTRO, J. P. DE, The Gordon Riots (1926).
CHEVALIER, E., Histoire de la marine française, 177483 (1877).
CHRISTIE, I. R., The End of North's Ministry, 17802 (1958).
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CLARK, JANE, 'The Command of the Canadian Army in 1777' (Can. Hist. Rev., 1929).
CLODE, C. M., The Military Forces of the Crown their Administration and Government (1869).
CONN, STETSON, Gibraltar in British Diplomacy in the Eighteenth Century (1942).
COULTER, see Lloyd.
*COVENTRY, GEORGE, A Critical Enquiry regarding the real author of Junius (1825).
COXE, WILLIAM, Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon . . . 170088 (1815).
CURTIS, E. E., Organisation of the British Army in the American Revolution (1926).
*DONIOL, H., Histoire de la participation de la France à l'établissement des États-Unis (188692).
VAN DOREN, CARL, Secret History of the American Revolution (1941).
VON EELKING, MAX, The German Allied Troops in the North American War of Independence (transl. J. G.
Rosengarten, 1893).
*VON EELKING, MAX, Memoirs, and Letters and Journals, of Major-General Riedesel (transl. W. L. Stone,
1868).
ELLIOT, see Minto.
ELLIS, KENNETH, The Post Office in the Eighteenth Century (1958).
FEILING, KEITH, The Second Tory Party (1938).
*FITZMAURICE, LORD EDMOND, Life of William, Earl of Shelburne (1912).
*FONBLANQUE, E. B. DE, Political and Military Episodes . . . derived from the life and correspondence of the
Rt. Hon. John Burgoyne (1876).
FORTESCUE, J. W., A History of the British Army (Vol. III, 1911).
FOY, GEN. M. S., History of the War in the Peninsula (1829).
FREEMAN, D. S., George Washington (Vols. IV and V, 19512).
FULLER, J. F. C., British Light Infantry in the Eighteenth Century (1925)
GIDDEY, ERNEST, James Francis Erskine et son régiment suisse 177986 (Schweizerische Zeitschr. für
Geschichte, 1954).
GIPSON, L. H., The British Empire before the American Revolution (193949). Esp. Vol. VII.
GORE-BROWNE, ROBERT, Chancellor Thurlow (1953).
GRAHAM, G. S., 'Considerations on the War of American Independence' (Bull. Inst. Hist. Research, 1949).
HARLOW, V. T., Founding of the Second British Empire, 176393 (1952).
HUNT, R. M., Life of Sir Hugh Palliser (1844).
JAMES, W. M., The British Navy in Adversity (1926).
*KEPPEL, THOMAS, Life of Augustus, Viscount Keppel (1842).
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LACOUR-GAYET, G., La marine militaire de France sous le règne de Louis XVI (1905).
LEWIS, MICHAEL, The Navy of Britain (1948).
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LLOYD, C. and COULTER, J. S. L., Medicine and the Navy: III 17141815 (1961).
LONG, J. C., Lord Jeffrey Amherst (1933).
LOWELL, E. J., The Hessians (1884).
MADARIAGA, ISABEL DE: Britain, Russia, and the Armed Neutrality of 1780 (1962).
MAHAN. A. T., Major Operations of the Navies in the American War of Independence (1913).
MAHON, R. H., Life of General the Hon. James Murray (1921).
MARLOW, LOUIS, Sackville of Drayton (1948).
MATHIAS, PETER, The Brewing Industry in England, 17001830 (1959).
*MINTO, COUNTESS OF (ed.), Life and Letters of Gilbert Minto (1874).
*MINTO, COUNTESS OF (ed.), Notes from the Minto MSS. (1862).
*MUNDY, MAJ.-GEN. G. B., Life and Correspondence of Lord Rodney (1830).
NAMIER, L. B., Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (1929).
NAMIER, L. B., England in the Age of the American Revolution (1930).
NELSON, W. H., The American Tory (1961).
NICKERSON, HOFFMAN, The Turning Point of the Revolution (1928).
OLSON, A. G., The Radical Duke: Career and Correspondence of Charles Lennox, third Duke of Richmond
(1961).
PACK, S. W. C., Admiral Lord Anson (1960).
PALMER, R. R., Age of the Democratic Revolution (1959).
PARES, RICHARD, George III and the Politicians (1953).
PARES, RICHARD, War and Trade in the West Indies, 173963 (1936).
PARES, RICHARD, A West India Fortune (1950).
PATTERSON, A. TEMPLE, The Other Armada (1960).
PHILLIPS, C. J., History of the Sackville Family (1929).
PORRITT, EDWARD, The Unreformed House of Commons (1903).
PUGH, ROBERT C., 'The Revolutionary Militia in the Southern Campaign, 17801' (William and Mary Quarterly,
1957).
REILLY, ROBIN, The Rest to Fortune: The Life of Major-General James Wolfe (1960).
RICHMOND, SIR HERBERT, The Navy in India, 176383 (1931).
RICHMOND, SIR HERBERT, The Navy in the War of 173948 (1920).
RIEDESEL, see Eelking.
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RITCHESON, C. R., British Politics and the American Revolution (1954).
RODDIS, L. H., James Lind (1951).
RODNEY, see Mundy.
RUTHERFORD, G., 'Sidelights on Commodore Johnstone's Expedition to the Cape' (Mariner's Mirror, 1942).
SHY, JOHN W., 'A New Look at Colonial Militia' (William and Mary Quarterly, 1963).
STEPHENSON, O. W., 'The Supply of Gunpowder in 1776' (Amer. Hist. Rev., XXX).
SUTHERLAND, L. S., The East India Company in Eighteenth-Century Politics (1952).
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THAYER, THEODORE, Pennsyslvania Politics and the Growth of Democracy (1953).
THOMSON, M. A., The Secretaries of State, 16811782 (1932).
USHER, R. G., 'Civil Administration of the British Navy during the American Revolution' (unpubl. thesis, Univ. of
Michigan, 1942).
VALENTINE, ALAN, Lord George Germain (1961).
WARD, CHRISTOPHER, War of the Revolution (ed. J. R. Alden) (1952).
WATSON, J. STEVEN, The Reign of George III (17601815).
WILLCOX, W. B., 'Rhode Island in British Strategy, 17801' (Amer. Hist. Rev., 1945).
WILLCOX, W. B., 'The British Road to Yorktown: a Study in Divided Command' (Amer. Hist. Rev., 1946).
WILLCOX, W. B., 'British Strategy in America, 1778' (J. Mod. Hist., 1948).
WILLCOX, W. B., 'Battle of Porto Praya, 1781' (Amer. Neptune, 1945).
WILLCOX, W. B., see also Wyatt.
WILLIAMS, M. J., 'The Naval Administration of the Fourth Earl of Sandwich, 177182' (Oxford, unpublished
thesis, 1962).
WYATT, FREDERICK AND WILLCOX, W. B., 'Sir Henry Clinton: a Psychological Exploration in History'
(William and Mary Quarterly, 1959).
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THE WORLD
showing Principal Shipping Routes and the British Empire
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INDEX
Page references of maps are in italics. References in brackets indicate indirect allusions; and in the case of maps
indicate the general area when the place itself is not named.
A
Abercromby, Gen. James, 55, 113
Abingdon, Earl of, 522
Aboukir, Battle of, see Nile
Abraham, Heights of, 75
Acapulco (Mexico), 373, facing page 536
Adams, John, 87
Adjutant-General, see Harvey
Admiralty,
see also Sandwich
role and character, 15, 19-20, 23, 163, 165, 177-8, 358, 379, 440-2, 485-6;
over-centralisation, 165 and n.
patronage, 8, 10. See also Navy, British
and disease, 177-8
tendency to fear invasion, 194, 196, 514
1775-6:
refusal to manage army victuallers, 67;
negotiations with, for transports, 64-5;
and operations, 85.
1777:
and supplies for year, 118-19
1778:
and transports, 201;
advice to Cabinet, 156;
and Channel operations, 208;
orders trial of Keppel, 239
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1779:
transports for America, 260;
and Keppel, 243;
windows broken, 242
1780:
delays reinforcements for Clinton, 357;
Darby joins Board, 359
1782:
new Board, 471-2
Admiralty, First Lord of the, see also Sandwich patronage, 10;
in Cabinet, 13;
character of office, 15, 19, 119, 163, 186;
civilian or seaman, 164-5, 471, 485-6
Affleck, Capt. Edward, 473
Africa, 249. See also Cape of Good Hope, Goree, Senegal
Alabama, 232
Albany, N.Y., 41, 60, 95, 109-10, 112, 115, 117, 122-4, 132-3, 135-6, 139-40, 142, 152
Albemarle, Earl of, 49, 53, 202. See also Keppel
Algeciras, 483
Algiers, 200
Allegheny Mountains, 505
Allen, Ethan, 385
Almack's, 242
Almadovar, 316
Amboy, see Perth Amboy
America, South, see Pacific
American Colonies, Operations to recover
British command structure, 1, 40, 74, 76, 77, 113, 155, 186, 257-9, 266, 415, 462, 474, 511
reasons for and against fighting to maintain control, 37-8, 158-9; 184, 219, 263, 461, 465
Colonies' strength and resources, 29-32, 350, 404, 413-14, 422, 433, 435, 510 ff.;
fighting men, 30-2, 87, 90, 94;
British assessments, 30-2, 36, 60, 266, 268, 346 384-5, 422
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attitude of British army, 33-4
quality and morale of British troops, 77-8, 86, 222, 267
cavalry in, 2, 4, 128, 186, 342;
artillery, 131, 133
land transport, 35, 63, 82, 130-1, 133-4
intelligence (difficulty of obtaining), 31, 43, 80, 268, 347-8
expense of operations, 370, 435-6
British conservation of troops, 78, 83-5, 88, 90, 267-8, 406-7
rebel tactics, 87, 405-6
civil relations and negotiations with rebels, 70-2, 74-5, 87, 89, 97, 150;
Carlisle Mission, 155, 159, 161, 185-9, 219-21, 315;
from 1779, 252-9 (new Commission 257), 267;
in South, 341-4, 347, 401-2;
Huddy case, 490-1
coastal raiding policy, 38-9, 150-1, 154-7, 185-6, 213, 221, 251, 254-6, 269-70, 408, 410, 461
coastal blockade, 85, 98-102, 155, 156, 342, 403, 492
1775:
plans and reinforcements, 2, 4, 37-40, 42;
Charleston expedition, 43-5;
operations, 2, 4, 56
1776:
plans 35, 57-60, 70;
reinforcements, 64, 69;
supplies and shipping, 64-91;
operations, (Boston) 85, (New York) 77-93, (Lakes) 94-6;
naval blockade, 98-102;
results of campaign, 97-8, 103
1777:
plans, 59, 78, 103, 109, 113-16;
Howe's plans, 108-12, 116-18, 121-6;
supplies and reinforcements, 118-20, 124, 138;
operations, (Howe) 127-30, (Burgoyne) 130-41;