MacBain Alexander. Etymological Dictionary of Scottish-Gaelic 2nd Edition

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<sůlair>, the gannet; from Norse [súla], [súlan], the gannet, whence

Eng. [solan-goose].

<sulchar>, cheerful, affable; side-form of [suilbhir]?

<sult>, fat, fatness, joy, Ir. [sult], E.Ir. [sult]: [*sultu-], root [svel]; Ag.S.

[swellan], Eng. [swell]; Lat. [salum], sea; Gr. @G[sálos], tossing.

<sumag>, cloth below a pack-saddle; ultimately from L.Lat. [sauma],

pack-saddle, whence Fr. [sommier], mattress, Eng. [sumpter].

<sumaich>, give the due number (as of cattle for pasture); from

Sc. [soum].

<sumaid>, a billow, Ir. [sumaid] (O'R. and M`L., <sůmaid>); seemingly

from Eng. [summit]. The G. also means "external senses"

(H.S.D.).

<sumain>, summon, a summons; from the Eng.

<sumainn>, a surge, billow; see [sumaid].

<sumair>, the drone of a bagpipe:

<sůmhail>, close-packed, tidy; opposite of [dňmhail], q.v.

<sunais>, lovage - a plant, Ir. [sunais]; also <siunas>:

<sunnd>, <sunnt>, good humour, cheerfulness, Ir. [sonntach], merry

(O'Cl., O'B.), [sonnda], bold, [súntaidh], active, E.Ir. [suntich],

spirited: [*sondeto-], Eng. [sound]?

<sunnag>, an easy-chair of twisted straw:

<supail>, supple (M`A.); from the Eng.

<sůrd>, alacrity, cheerfulness; cf. W. [chwardd], laughter, Corn.

[wherzin], ridere; root [sver], sing, speak; Eng. [swear], Lat.

[susurrus], whisper, etc. M.Ir. [sord], bright ([*surdo-]), is

referred by Stokes to the same origin as Lat. [serenus].

<surrag>, vent of a kiln; cf. [sňrn].

<surram-suain>, a sound sleep; [surram], snoring noise as of one

asleep:

<susbaint>, substance, Ir. [substaint]; from Lat. [substantia].

<sůsdal>, a bustling, pother, affected shyness:

<suth>, anything (Dial.), Ir., E.Ir. [suth], weather; root [su], produce,

E.Ir. [suth], milk; Gr. @G[u@`/ei], it rains; as in [sůgh], q.v. Further

allied is root [su], beget, O.Ir. [suth], offspring, Eng. [sun].

<suthainn>, eternal, Ir. [suthain], O.Ir. [suthain], [suthin]; from [su], [so-]

and [tan], time, q.v.; [sú-tan-ěs] (Stokes [see]).

<ta>, <tha>, is, Ir. [tá], E.Ir. [tá], is, [táim], I am, O.Ir. [táu], [tó], sum, [tá],

[táa], est, especially [attáa] (at the beginning of a sentence), est

(= [ad-tât], Lat. [adsto]) and [itá], [itáa], "in which is": [*tâjô],

[*tâjet], root [stâ], stand; Lat. [stô], [stat], stand, Fr. [été], having

been; Ch.Sl. [stoja@?], I stand; further Eng. [stand], Gr. @G[i@`/stcmi]

(for @G[sí-sta@-mi]), set, Lat. [sisto]. See [seas] further.

--page 354

<tabaid>, fight, brawl; Br. has [tabut] of like force; see [sabaid]. Cf.

Sc. [debate].

<tŕbar>, a tabor, Ir. [tabár]; from the Eng.

<tabh>, teh sea, ocean; from Norse [haf], Swed. [haf], Dan. [hav], the

open sea, Ag.S. [haef]. From Norse also comes the Sc. (Shet.)

[haaf], open sea.

<tŕbh>, a spoon-net; from Norse [háfr], a pock-net.

<tabhach>, a sudden eruption, a forcing, a pull, Ir. [tabhach], sudden

eruption, compulsion, [tobhachaim], I compel, E.Ir. [tobach],

levying, distraint, from [dobongaim]: for root see [buain].

<tŕbhachd>, substantiality, effectiveness, Ir. [tábhachd], M.ir.

[tabhuchta] (Meyer):

<tabhair>, give, so Ir., E.Ir. [tabraim], O.Ir. [tabur], do, post-particle

form of [dobiur], now G. <bheir>, q.v.: inf. <tabhairt>, so Ir. See

[thoir].

<tabhal>, a sling, Ir. [tabhall], E.Ir. [taball], W. [rafl], a cast, [taflu],

jacere, Cor. [toula], Br. [taol], a cast, blow: [*taballo-], root [tab],

to fire, sling; cf. Eng. [stab].

<tŕbhairn>, an inn, tavern, Ir. [tabhairne]; from Lat. [taberna], Eng.

[tavern].

<tŕbharnach>, noisy (Suth.):

<tabhann>, barking, Ir. [tathfan]: [*to-sven-], root [sven], sound (see

[seinn]).

<tŕbhastal>, tedious nonsense:

<tac>, a lease, tack; from Sc. [tack].

<tacaid>, a tack, tacket, Ir. [taca]; from the Eng.

<tacan>, a while, short time; from [tac].

<tacar>, (<tŕcar>, H.S.D.), provision, plenty, support, Ir. [tacar], a

collection, gleaning, contrivance. Cf. N. [taka], income.

<tachair>, meet, happen, Manx [taghyrt], to happen, an accident, Ir.

[tachair], he arrived at; from [to-] and [car], turn.

<tŕcharan>, a ghost, yelling of a ghost, an orphan, Ir. [tacharán]:

<tachas>, itching, scratching, Ir. [tochas]:

<tachd>, choke, Ir. [tachdaim], O.Ir. [tachtad], angens. Stokes gives

the root as [tak] and refers to it also W. [tagu] (and [ystagu]),

choke, Cor., Br. [taga]. Brugmann and Ascoli analyse [tachd]

into [to-acht], root [angh], Lat. [ango], choke, Gr. @G[a@'ghw], Eng.

[anger]. Root [tak] as in Lat. [tacere] (Prellwitz).

<tachras>, winding yarn, Ir. [tocharais], [tochardadh], M.Ir. [tochartagh]:

[*to-cert-], root [qert], wind, as in [ceirtle].

<tacsa>, <tacas> (Dial.), support, substance; cf. [taic].

<tŕdh>, a ledge, layer; cf. [spadh].

<tadhal>, frequenting, visiting, Ir. [tadhall], O.Ir. [tadal], dat. [tadíll],

inf. of [taidlim], [doaidlibem], visitabimus, [adall], diverticulum:

--page 355

[*to-ad-ell], form [*elnô] (Stokes), go, M.W. [elwyfi], iero, Corn.

[yllyf], eam, root [ela], Lat. [ambulare], walk, Gr. @G[e@'laúnw], drive,

proceed; likely also Fr. [aller], go.

<tadhal>, goal, hail; from Eng. [hail].

<tagair>, plead, Ir. [tagair] (imper.), [tagraim], E.Ir. [tacraim], O.Ir.

[tacre], argumentum: [*to-ad-gar-], root [gar], as in [goir], [agair].

<tagh>, choose, Ir. [toghaim], O.Ir. [togu], eligo, electio: [*to-gusô],

root [gus], choose, taste; Lat. [gusto], taste; Gr. @G[geúw], taste;

Eng. [choose].

<taghairm>, noise, echo, a mode of divination by listening to the

noise of water cascades, Ir. [toghairm], summons, petition,

O.Ir. [togairm], invocatio; from [to-] and [gairm].

<taghan>, the marten:

<tagradh>, ghost (Suth. R.D.):

<taibhs>, <taibhse>, an apparition, ghost, Ir. [taibhse], vision, ghost,

M.Ir. [tadhbais], phantasma, O.Ir. [taidbse], demonstratio,

[tadbat], demonstrat, [*tad-bat] or [*to-ad-bat], root [bat], show, see,

speak, I.E. [bhâ], [bhan] as in [bŕn], q.v. Gr. @G[fántasma], Eng.

[phantasm], and [phantom] are closely allied to the G.

<taibid>, a taunt; see [teabaid].

<taibse>, propriety of speech: "precision", E.Ir. [tepe], cutting; see

[teabaid].

<taic>, support, proximity, Ir. [taca], prop, surety, fastening, [toice],

prop, wealth, [tacamhuil], firm, [aice], support, food, near, M.Ir.

[aicc], a bond, E.Ir. [aicce], relationship: [*akki-], [*pakki-], root

[pak], bind; Lat. [paciscor], agree, [pax], peace; Eng. [fang], Got.

[fahan], seize: Zend [paç], bind. The root is a triplet -- [pak],

[pag], [pagh] (Gr. @G[pc/gnumi], make fast, Lat. [pango], Eng. [page],

etc.). Zimmer refers E.Ir. [aicce] to the root of [agus], [aig].

<taidhe>, attention, heed, Ir. [uidh], O.Ir. [oid], [óid], [con-ói], servat:

[*audi-], root [av], watch, Lat. [aveo], desire, [audeo], dare, Skr. [av],

favour (see [ŕill] further). The [t] of G. is due to the phrase

"Thoir taidhe" (= [thoir do aidhe]) - Take thy heed: a phrase

to which the word is practically restricted, and which

accounts for the short vowel of the G. and Ir., the sentence

accent being on the verb.

<taidheam>, meaning, import; see [oidheam].

<taifeid>, a bow-string:

<taig>, attachment, custom; cf. [aig], at.

<taigeis>, haggis; from Sc. [haggis], O.Fr. [hachis], Eng. [hash], from

[hack].

<taighlich>, chattels (Heb.); a side form of [teaghlach].

<tail>, substance, wages, <taileas>, wages, Ir. [táille], wages, M.Ir.

[taile], salarium, W. [tâl], payment, Cor., O.Br. [tal], solvit, root

--page 356

[tal], [tel], take, hold; Gr. @G[tálanton], a talent, Eng. [talent], @G[telos],

toll; Lat. [tollo], lift, Eng. [thole], etc.

<tailce>, strength, Ir. [talcánta], strong, E.Ir. [talce], [tailce]: [*t-alkiâ],

root [alk], strong, Gr. @G[a@'lkc/], strength, @G[a@'léxw], defend.

<tailceas>, contempt; cf. [tarcuis].

<tŕileasg>, backgammon, chess, Ir. [táibhleis], backgammon table,

back-gammon, M.Ir. [taiflis], draught-board, tables, W. [tawl-fwrdd],

draught-board; from M.Eng. [tables], backgammon,

from [table], Norse [tafl], game, chess.

<tailebart>, halberd; from the Eng. The Ir., M.Ir. is [halabard],

which Stokes regards as derived from the Fr. [hallebard].

<taileas>, wages; see [tail].

<tailgneachd>, prophecy; for [tairgneachd], q.v.

<tŕille>, apprentice fee, premium (M`A., who has <tŕilleabh>); see

[tail].

<tŕille>, <tŕilleabh> (M`A.), consequence, <air tŕille>, on account of;

cf. M.Ir. [a haithle], after, [as a haithle sin], thereafter, O.G.

[as á áthle], thereafter (B.of Deer), [aithle], remnant.

<tŕillear>, a tailor, Ir. [tailiur], W. [teiliwr]; from the Eng., M.Eng.

[tailor], [taylor], from Fr. [tailleur].

<tailm>, a tool, sling, noose, Ir. [tailmh], a sling, E.Ir. [tailm] (do.),

W. [telm], laqueus, Br. [talm], sling: [*talksmi] (Stokes); Ch.Sl.

[tlu@uka@?], strike.

<tailmrich>, bustle, noise; for [*tairmrith], E.Ir. [tairmrith], transcursus,

from [tairm-], cross, trans (see [thar]), and [ruith], run.

<tailp>, a bundle, bunch (Sh., O'R.):

<tŕimh>, death, mortality, Ir. [táimh], E.Ir. [tám], plague: [*tâmo-],

death; cf. Skr. [támyati], choke, Ch.Sl. [tomiti], vexare. Cf.,

however, [tŕmh], rest.

<taimhlisg>, traduce (Carm.):

<tŕin>, cattle, drove, Ir. [táin], cattle, spoil, E.Ir. [táin]: [*to-ag-ni],

root [ag], drive, Lat. [ago], etc.

<taing>, thanks; from the Eng. [thank].

<tainneamh>, thaw (Arran), Manx [tennue], Ir. [tionadh], O.Ir. [tinaid],

evanescit, root [ten] as in [tana]. See [aiteamh].

<taip>, a mass, Ir. [taip]; see [tap].

<tŕir>, contempt, Ir. [táir], E.Ir. [tár]; for [*to-shár]; see [sár].

<tŕir>, get, obtain, come, Ir. [tair], come thou, E.Ir. [tair] (do.), [tair],

venies; from [tairicim], I arrive at, come, catch, for [*to-air-ic],

root [ic] of [thig], q.v.

<tairbeart>, an isthmus, peninsula: [*tar-bertâ], from [tar] (see [thar],

cross) and [ber] of [beir]: "cross-bringing, portage".

<tairbhe>, profit, so Ir., O.Ir. [torbe]: [*to-for-be], where [-be] comes from

[*bv-iâ], root [bu], be (see [bu]).

--page 357

<tairbheartach>, profitable, so Ir., E.Ir. [tairbert], yielding, giving

up: [*to-air-ber-], from the berb [beir], bring.

<tairbhein>, surfeit, bloody flux (Carm.):

<tairg>, offer, <tairgse>, an offer, Ir. [tairgim], [tairgsin], E.Ir. [tairgim],

[tharscin] (dat.): [*to-air-ges-], root [ges], carry (Lat. [gero], as in

[agus]? Ascoli compares O.Ir. [taircim], affero, [tairciud],

oblatio, tribuere, from [to-ad-ro-ic], root [ic] of [thig].

<tairgneachd>, <tailgneachd>, <tairgire>, prophecy, Ir. [tairrgire], [tairgire],

prophecy, promise, O.Ir. [tairngire], promissio: [*to-air-ind-gar-iâ],

root [gar] as in [goir].

<tairiosg>, a saw; see [tuireasg].

<tairis>, the dairymaid's cry to calm a cow: cf. O.Ir. [tairissim], sto,

[*to-air-sess], from [sess] as in [seas], q.v.

<tairis>, kind, loving, Ir. [tairis], loyal, E.Ir. [tairisse], true, loyal:

"stable", from [to-air-sess], from [sess], stop, stand, as in [seas], q.v.

<tairisgein>, peat-spade; see [toirsgian].

<tairleas>, <turlas>, cupboard or aumrie (Perth): Sc. [tirless], lattice,

wicket, Fr. [trellis].

<tairm>, necromancy (Sh., O.R.); see [taghairm].

<tŕirneanach>, thunder, Ir. [tóirneach], [tóirn]; see [torrunn] for root, etc.

<tŕirng>, <tarrang>, a nail, Ir., E.Ir. [tairnge]; from [tarruing]?

<tais>, soft, Ir. [tais], E.Ir. [taise], [tasse], weakness: [*taxi-], soft (Gaul.

[Taxi-magulus]?), root [tak], weak, melting, Gr. @G[takerós] (do.),

@G[tc/kw], melt; further Lat. [tabes], Eng. [thaw]. Bezzenberger

suggests Gr. @G[tágcnon], a melting pot, saucepan.

<taisbean>, reveal, Ir. [taisbeanaim], E.Ir. [taispenim], [taissfenim],

O.Ir. [asfenimm], testificor, [doairfenus], exploravi; the old

Gaelic root is [fen], [ben], which may be cognate to Gr. @G[faínw]

(see [taibhse]). Zeuss regarded the [s] as put before the [b] by

metathesis, the word being of the same origin as [taibhse].

<taisdeal>, a journey, [taisdil] (Cars.), journey (v.imp.) Ir. [taisdiol]:

[*to-asdel], [*ad-sod-], root [sod-], as in [astar].

<tŕisealan>, <taisealan> (M`E.), saints' relics, E.Ir. [taisse]:

<taisg>, deposit, store away, <tasgaidh>, depository, Ir. [taisgim], E.Ir.

[taiscim], [doroisecht-sa], id deposui: [*to-ad-sec-], root [seq], follow,

beside, as in [seach], past; the idea of the verb being "put

past". (Ernault Zeit. Celt.@+[2] 384. [segh]).

<taisgeal>, finding of anything, <taisgealach>, a spy, Ir. [taiscealladh],

spying, betraying, M.Ir. [taiscelad], O.Ir. [taiscelaid], explorator,

pl. [taisceltai], [do-scéulaim], experior; from [to-scél-], from [sgeul],

story (Windisch). Hence <taisgealadh>, news.

<taitheasg>, a repartee, Ir. [taitheasg], [aitheasg] (O'Br., etc.), O.Ir.

[taithesc], answer, [aithesc], admonitio, W. [ateb], a reply: [*ati-seq],

root [seq], say, as in [sgeul].

--page 358

<taitinn>, pleasing, Ir. [taithneamhach], M.Ir. [taitnemach], bright,

shining, E.Ir. [taitnim], I shine, [taitnemach], shining, O.Ir.

[taitnem], lucina, light: [*taith-tennim], [to-aith-tenn], root [ten] of

[teine], fire (Windisch). Stokes ([Bez.Beit.]@+[18], 112), divides

[taitnem] into [tait-] and [nem], Pictish [namet], albus.

<tŕl>, adze, Ir., O.Ir. [tál]: [*to-aglo-] (rather [t-aglo-]?), Got. [aqisi], axe,

Eng. [axe] (Strachan). Stokes gives a pre-Gaelic [*tâkslo], root

[tek], Ch.Sl. [tesla], axe, Lat. [gelum] (= [tex-lum]), weapon, Gr.

@G[téktwn], carpenter; but [tek] does not appear to have a side

form [tâk], and [tâkslo-] would produce [táll] ([tôkslo], Foy). But

cf. Lat. [pâla], spade, for root, and for phonetics G. [torc] and

Lat. [porcus].

<talach>, complaining, Ir. [talach], dispraise, reproach:

<tŕladh>, enticing, hushing, caressing; from Norse [tál], allurement,

bait, trap, Ag.S. [tál], calumny, root [dâl], [del], Lat. [dolus],

guile, @G[dcléomai], hurt (Dor. [da@-léomai]).

<talainte>, a partition or dividing wall; from Sc. [halland], [hallon].

Dial. G. has also <tallaid>.

<talamh>, earth, so Ir., O.Ir. [talam], g. [talman]: [*talmon-], for

[tl@.-mon], root [tel]; Lat. [tellus], earth (for [te@-lo@-/s]), [*tęl], flat; Gr.

@G[tclía], a board; Ag.S. [thelu], board (root [te@-l]); Skr. [talas],

level ground; Ch.Sl. [ti@ulo], pavement (root [tl@.]). Stokes joins

here Celtic [talo-s], brow, Gaul. [Dubno-talos], [Argio-talos]

(Pictish [Talorgan]), W. [tâl], brow, Cor. [tâl], Br. [tal].

<tŕlan>, feats of arms, chivalry, Ir. [talan] (O'B., Sh., etc.); see

[tŕlann] for origin.

<tŕlann>, a talent, Ir. [tallann], O.Ir. [talland]; from Lat. [talentum],

Eng. [talent].

<tŕlfuinn>, a hoe; from [tŕl] and [fonn].

<talla>, a hall, Ir. [alla], M.Ir. [all]; from Norse [hall], [höll], Eng. [hall]:

allied to G. [ceall], q.v.

<talmaich>, honour (Carm.):

<tŕmailt>, an insult, offence, Ir. [támailt], Br. [tamall], reproach, root

[stemb], abuse, I.E. [sten@go], stamp, Gr. @G[stémbw], shake, misuse,

abuse, @G[stóbew], scold, Eng. [stamp] (Stokes, Jubainville [Rev.Celt.]

@+[16], 365).

<tŕmh>, rest, Ir. [támh], E.Ir. [tám]: [*tâmo-], root [stâm], [sta], stand,

Eng. [stand], [station], [stamina]; see [seas]. Usually [tŕmh], rest,

and [tŕimh], death, are referred to the same root.

<tamhasg>, blockhead, brownie; see [amhas]. For termination, cf.

[ůruisg], [tannasg].

<tamhladh>, a gulping movement (M`D.):

<tamull>, a while, space of time, Ir. [tamall]: [*to-ad-melno-], from

[melno-], linger, Gr. @G[méllw], linger (Stokes). See [mall].

--page 359

<tan>, time, <an tan>, when, Ir. [tan], [an tan], O.Ir. [tan], [intain], [intan],

quum, quando: [*tanâ], time; Skr. [tan], duration, [tanâ], continually.

root [tan], [ten], extend, as in [tana], q.v.

<tana>, thin, Ir., O.Ir. [tana], Cor. [tanow], Br. [tanaw], but W. [teneu]:

[*tanavo-], thin; Lat. [tenuis], thin, [tendo], stretch; Gr. @G[tanaós]

@G[tanu-], long, stretched, @G[teínw], stretch; Eng. [thin], Ger. [dünn];

Ch.Sl. [ti@unu@uku@u]; Skr. [tanú].

<tŕnaiste>, next heir, tanist, anything second, Ir. [tánaiste], lieutenant,

second in command, heir apparent, O.Ir. [tánaise],

secundus, [imthanu], alternation, [innimthána], talionem:

[*to-atn-], root [at] of [ath], "re", Skr. [at], also [*at-s-men], of [ŕm],

time, q.v. (Strachan). Rhys ([Celt.Br.]@+[2], 308) suggests connection with

W. [tan], till, Lat. [tenus], root [ten] (no root [tân]?).

<tancard>, a tankard, Ir. [tancárd]; from Eng.

<tannas>, <tannasg>, an apparition, ghost; from the root of [tana]?

<taobh>, a side, Ir. [taobh], E.Ir. [tóeb], [táib], O.Ir. [tóib], W., Cor., Br.

[tu]: [*toibos], root [steibh], [sti], stiff, standing; Lat. [tîbia], shin-bone

(pl.); Lit. [staibis], post, shin-bone (pl.), [staibus], strong;

Gr. @G[stifós], strong; further Eng. [stiff], Lat. [stipes], log.

<taod>, a halter, cable, hair-rope, Ir. [téad], a rope; see [teud].

<taodhair>, an apostate, Ir. [taodhaire] (Lh., O'B.):

<taodhal>, frequenting; see [tadhal].

<taoghas>, the grave:

<taoig>, a fit of passion (Sh., O'R.):

<taois>, dough, Ir. [taos], E.Ir. [toes], O.Ir. [táis], massam, W. [toes], Br.

[taos]: [*taisto-], [*stejesto-], root [staj], concrescere; Gr. @G[staís]

(g. @G[staitós]), dough, @G[stéar] (g. [stéa@-tos] for [*sta@-jatos], [*sta@-jn@.tos]);

Lat. [stîria], a drop.

<taoitear>, oversman, tutor (Sutherland, etc.); from Lat. [tutor],

Eng. [tutor]. See [saoitear].

<taom>, pour out, empty (vb.), a jet, torrent (n.), <taoim>, bilge-water,

Ir. [taomaim] ([taodhmaim]), [taodhm] (n.), E.Ir. [tóem], a jet,

[taeim], sentina, O.Ir. [tuismiud], delivery, [*to-fo-ess-sem]: [*to-ad-sm-men],

root [sem], let go, from [sę], Lit. [semiů], draw (as water),

Lat. [simpulum], ladle (Stokes). Cf. O.Ir. [teissmim], I pour

out (= [to-ess-sem-im]). Borrowing from Norse [tómr], empty,

Eng. [toom], is not to be thought of.

<taom>, a fit of rage, Ir. [taom] (O'B., etc.), M.Ir. [taem]:

<taosg>, a pour, rush, exact full of a liquid measure, Ir. [taosgaim], I

drain, pour out, E.Ir. [tóesca], spilling, [taescaire], a baler,

pumper: [*to-ad-sem-sko-], root [sem] as in [taom]?

<taosnadh>, horseplay (R.D.):

<tap>, tow or wool on the distaff, forelock, "busk a hook", (Arg.),

Ir. [tap], [tapán]; from M.Eng. [top], tuft of hair or flax, top,

Sc. [tap].

--page 360

<tapaidh>, clever, active, so Ir., E.Ir. [tapad], suddenness, alertness,

[top], sudden; from the same root as [obann] (Stokes).

<tap-dubh>, tattooo (R.D.).

<taplach>, a wallet, repository, Ir. [taplaigh]; for [tap-lach], from [tap],

tow, etc.

<tarachair>, augur, so Ir.; for [tarathar]. See [tora].

<taraid>, truncheon or staff of authority (Hend.):

<taran>, the ghost of an unbaptised infant (Sh., O'R.); for [tacharan]?

<tarbh>, a bull, Ir. [tarbh], E.Ir. [tarbh], W. [tarw], Corn. [tarow], Br.

[taro], [tarv], Gaul. [tarvos]: [*tarvos]; Lat. [taurus]; Gr. @G[gau@nros]

(= @G[tárfos]); Pruss. [tauris], buffalo, Ch.Sl. [turu@u], auroch.

Prellwitz thinks the Celtic not allied to Gr. @G[tau@nros], etc.,

which he refers to the root [tau], [tu] ([stű] gives Eng. [steer]).

<tarcuis>, also <talcuis>, contempt. Ir., M.Ir. [tarcuisne], E.Ir.

[tarcusul]:

<targadh>, ruling, governing, assembly (Lh., etc.), Ir. [targadh]:

<targaid>, a target, Ir. [targáid]; from Eng.

<targair>, foretell, Ir. [tairrghirim]; see [tairgneachd].

<tŕrladh>, it happened; see [thŕrladh].

<tŕrlaid>, a slave, thrall; from Eng. [varlet]?

<tŕrmachadh>, producing, originating, source, dwelling, Ir. [tórmach],

an increasing, a growing ripe for bearing, magnifying, O.Ir.

[tórmach], an increase: [*to-for-mach], root [mag], power (Eng.

[may], [might], etc.).

<tŕrmachan>, a ptarmigan, Ir. [tarmochan]; Eng. [ptarmigan] is hence

(Skeat). Also [tarman], from [tarm], murmur (Carm.):

<tarmachan-dé>, white butterfly (Carm.):

<tŕrmus>, dislike of food: [*to-air-meas]; see [meas].

<tŕrnach>, thunder-clap; see [táirneanach].

<tŕrnadair>, inn-keeper; from L.Lat. [tabernator], tavern-keeper,

Lat. [taberna], Eng. [tabern].

<tarp>, a clod, lump (Sh., O'B., etc.), Ir. [tarp], [tarpán]; from Norse

[torf], a turf, sod, Eng. [turf].

<tŕrr>, lower part of the belly, tail, breast, Ir. [tárr], belly, lower part

of the belly, E.Ir. [tarr], W. [tor], Br. [tor], O.Br. [tar]: [*tarsâ],

[tarmsâ]; Sc. [thairm], belly, gut, Eng. [tharm], Ger. [darm],

bowels; Gr. @G[trámis], tail, entrail, hip joint. Stokes gives the

Celtic [*targsâ], allied to Lat. [terbus], back.

<tarrag>, a nail; see [tŕirng].

<tarruing>, pull, draw, so Ir., E.Ir. [tairrngim]: [*to-air-rengim], from

E.Ir. [ringim], hang, tear, from [reng], a nasalised form of [reg],

stretch (see [ruighe]).

<tarraid>, also <tčarraid>, sheriff officer, tipstaff (Dial.); see [earraid].

--page 361

<tarsuinn>, transverse, across, Ir. [tarsna], [tarsa], [trasna], M.Ir., E.Ir.

[tarsnu], across; from [tar], across (see [thar]), and [sainn] of

[ursainn], q.v.

<tart>, thirst, Ir., O.Ir. [tart]: [*tar(s)to-]; Eng. [thurst], Ger. [durst],

Gr. @G[térsomai], become dry; Lat. [torreo], burn, [tostum] ([*torstum]),

Eng. [toast]; Skr. [tarsh], thirst, Zd. [taresh]; I.E. [ters], dry.

<tartan>, tartan; from Eng., Sc. [tartan], from Fr. [tiretain], linsie-wolsie.

<tartar>, noise; reduplication of root [tar], [tor] in [tňirneanach].

<tŕsan>, tedious discourse or scolding, Ir. [tasanach], tedious, slow

(Lh. marks it obsolete and queries meaning):

<tasdan>, a shilling; from Sc. [testan], [testoon], a silver coin of the

16th century with Mary's head ([teste]) on it, the "inglis

testane" being worth 8 shillings Scots, Eng. [tester], worth 6d;

originally so called from the coins of Louse XII. (1500) with

his head ([teste], Fr. [tęte], head) on them.

<tasgaidh>, depository, a treasure: "A thasgaidh" - Thou treasure;

see [taisg].

<tataidh>, attract, attach one to oneself, <tadadh> (inf.), <taiteadh>

(Perth), tame: [*tad-dam], root [dam] of [aidich].

<tŕth>, cement, join (M`F., Lh.), Ir. [táthaim], [táth], solder or glue,

W. [todi], construc, join: [*táto-], [*stâto-], constitute, root [sta],

stand?

<tathaich>, visit, frequent, tendency to vomit (Hend.)< Ir. [tathuighim],

M.Ir. [aithigim]; formed form the prep. [aith], back, rather

than a compound of [tiagaim] as in [imthich], our [imich] (that is,

[*ati-tig-], go back again). Stokes prefers root [at], go, formerly

discussed under [tŕnaiste].

<tathunn>, barking; see [tabhunn].

<té>, a woman, femal, she, Ir. [an tí], she who, [an té], he who

(O'Donovan says either means "he or she who" or "person

who"), O.Ir. [intí] is(qui), [indí] ea(quae), [aní] id(quod): the

article and the enclitic particle [-í], for which see [ně], and cf. [tě],

he who.

<tč>, <tča>, insipid, slightly fermented; from root of [teas]; cf. [tepid].

<teabaid>, a taunt, repartee (Dial.), <teab>, a flippant person's mout

(M`A.), <teibidh>, smart: "cutting", E.Ir. [tepe] ([to-aith-be],

Stokes), a cutting, O.Ir. [taipe], concisio, brevitas: [*tad-be]

(= [to-ad-be]), reduced root [be], cut, [imdibe], circumcisio, etc.,

root [bi], [bin], as in [bean], touch, q.v.

<teach>, a house, Ir. [teach], O.Ir. [tech], [teg], g. [tige], W. [ty], Cor. [ti],

O.Br. [teg], [tig], [ti], now [ti]: [*tegos], g. [teges-os]; Gr. @G[tégos], roof,

@G[stégw], cover; Lat. [tego], cover, [tectum], house; Eng. [thatch],

--page 362

Ger. [dach]; Lit. [stë/giu], cover; Skr. [sthagati], cover. See [tigh]

for usual nom. case.

<teachd>, coming, arrival, Ir. [teachd], O.Ir. [techt], aditus, itio, W.

[taith], iter, Br. [tiz], diligence, haste: [*tiktâ], root [stig], [teig],

in [tighinn], q.v. Some derive it from [thig] or [tig], q.v. Hence

<teachdaire>, messenger.

<teachd>, legal, lawful, M.Ir. [teachta], [téchta], O.Ir. [téchte], fitting,

legalis, lex: [*tenctio-], root, [tenq], become, chance, produce,

Eng. [thing], Lit. [tenků], chance, befaull, Lat. [tempus]. Dial.

form <deic>, <cha deic>, q.v.

<tčachd>, <teuchd>, silly boasting (Arg.).

<teadalach>, slow, dilatory:

<teadhair>, a tether; from Sc., Eng. [tether], [tedder], Norse [tjóđr], [tjor],

Swed. [tjuder].

<teagair>, collect, provide, shelter, Ir. [teagar], provision, shelter,

[teagarach], warm, snug, [teagairim], store, provide; cf. [eagar].

<teagamh>, doubt, suspense; see [theagamh].

<teagasg>, teaching, so Ir., E.Ir. [tecosc]: [*to-aith-cosc-], for which see

[caisg].

<teaghlach>, family, household, so Ir., O.Ir. [teglach], W. [teulu], O.W.

[telu], Corn. [teilu], familia: [*tego-slougo-], from the stems of [tigh]

and [sluagh]. The terminations [-lach] from [*slougo-s] makes

abstract collective nouns, which are used for single objects or

persons; as [ňglach], young man, really "youth", or "young-people",

just as "youth" is also used in Eng. as a concrete

noun - "a youth".

<teallach>, hearth, forge, Ir. [teallach], E.Ir. [tenlach], [tellach]: [*tene-lach],

from [teine], fire, and terminal [-lach] (see [teaghlach]).

<teallaid>, a lust or bunchu woman (M`F.):

<teamhaidh>, pleasant, Ir. [teamhair], pleasant, Tara, E.Ir. [temair],

delightful, omnis locus conspicuus: [*stem-ri-]?

<teamhair>, time (Suth.): Lat.?

<teamhall>, slight swoon or stun, Ir. [teimheal], darkness, O.Ir.

[temel] (do.), Skr. [támas], Lit. [tamsa], Lat. [tenebrae], [temere],

rashly.

<teampull>, temple, church, Ir. [teampoll], O.Ir. [tempul], W. [teml],

Corn. [tempel]; from Lat. [templum].

<teanacadh>, deliverance, succour, <teanacas>, healing: [*tind-ioc],

from [ěoc], heal.

<teanchair>, pincers, smith's thongs, Ir. [teanchoir], tongs, pincers,

O.Ir. [tenchor], forceps: [*ten-cor], "fire-putter", from the stem

of [teine], fire, and [cor], seen in [cuir], put.

<teanga>, <teangadh>, a tongue, Ir. [teanga], O.Ir. [tenge], gen. [tengad]:

[*tengot-], from [sten@gh], sting (Eng. [sting], Ger. [stengal], stalk),

--page 363

which is from [zdn@.@gh], from [dn@.@gh], whence Lat. [dingua], Eng.

[tongue]? Stokes ([Academy], Oct 1891) has compared Lat. [tango]

(so Windisch, [Scot.Celt.Rev.], 34). Rhys has considered the

probabilities of alliance with W. [tafod], Corn. [tavot], Br. [toed],

older [teaut] ([*tebâto-]) in [Manx Pray.]@+[2], 136-7.

<teann>, tight, tense, near to, Ir. [teann], O.Ir. [tend], W. [tyn], tight,

stretched: [*tendo-]; Lat. [tendo], I stretch, [tentus], stretched

(Stokes, [Rev.Celt.]@+[13], 12f); in any case from root [ten] of [tana].

Foy gives [sten]; N. [stinnr], rough, hard. Cf. Gr. @G[stenós].

<tearb>, separate, Ir. [tearbadh] (O'Cl.), severance, M.Ir. [terpúd], E.Ir.

[terbaim], [terbud]: [*ter-be-], Gadelic reduced root [be], cut, for

which see [teabaid]?

<tearc>, scarce, rare, Ir. [tearc], E.Ir. [terc]: [*ter(s)qo-s], rare, root [ters],

dry (as in [tart]); Lat. [tesqua] (= [tersquo-s]), deserts.

<tearmann>, a sanctuary, protection, so Ir., M.Ir. [termain], [termonn],

W. [terfyn]; from Lat. [termo(n)], [terminus], end, "end of race

for life by reaching church lands" or [Termon landes] (Ducange).

<tearr>, tar, Ir. [tearr]; from M.Eng. [terve], Norse [tjara].

<tčaruinn>, save, escape, <tčarnadh> (inf.), Ir. [tearnaim], E.Ir.

[térnaim], [ternam], an escape, [érnaim], I escape: [*es-rn-], root [r@.n],

Eng. [run]?

<teas>, heat, Ir. [teas], O.Ir. [tess], g. [tesa], W., Corn. [tes], Br. [tez]: [*testu-],

for [*tepstu-], root [tep], burn, heat; Lat. [tepeo], be warm, Eng.

[tepid]; Ch.Sl. [teplo], hotly; Skr. [tap], be hot, Zd. [tap], burn.

See, also from [tep], <teine>, <teth>. Hence <teasach>, fever.

<teasairg>, save, deliver, Ir. [teasargaim], O.Ir. [tessurc], servo,

[dumesurcsa], defendo me: [*to-ess-arc], root [ark], defend: Lat.

[arceo], ward off; Gr. @G[a@'rkéw] (do.). See [adharc].

<teasd>, die, Ir. [teasdaighim], die, fail, M.Ir., O.Ir. [testa], deest, fails;

[*to-ess-tá], from [tá], I am. Cf., for force, Lat. [desum].

<teasdam>, I preserve, help (Carm.):

<teasg>, cut, cut off, Ir. [teasgaim], E.Ir. [tescaim]: [*to-ess-sc], root [sec],

cut, Lat. [seco], Eng. [saw].

<teibideach>, irresolute: "halting, failing"; cf. Ir. [tebim], disappoint,

fail, for which see [theab].

<teich>, flee, Ir. [teithim], E.Ir. [techim], O.Ir. [teichthech], vitabundus,

W. [techu], skulk, M.Br. [techet], flee: [*tekô], [*tekkô], flee, I.E.

root [teq-], flow, run; Ch.Sl. [teku], a run, Lit. [teků], flow; Skr.

[taki], runs, Zd. [taka-], course.

<teididh>, wild, fierce (H.S.D.), wild fire (M`A.):

<telg>, a fishing line: "a cast", from [tilg], cast, Ir. [teilgean], casting?

<teilinn>, msical instrument, <teilig>, a chord (Carm.), W. [telu] or

[telyn], harp. Cf. [seillean].

<teilleach>, a blub-cheeked fellow (Dial.); cf. [meilleach].

--page 364

<teine>, fire, Ir. [teine], O.Ir. [tene], g. [tened], pl. [tenti], W. [tân], Cor., Br.

[tan] (in proper names also [tanet]): [*tenet-], [*tenos], Celtic root

[te], from [tep], hot, as in [teas], q.v. Not for [*te(p)ne-], as usually

said, which would give [téine] now, nor [*tepsne-], which would

produce [tenne] now; [teine-sionnachain], phosphorescence, [teine-fionn],

will o' the wisp (Suth.).

<teinn>, calamity, strait; an abstract nounn from [teann].

<teirig>, fail, be spent, die, <teireachduinn> (inf.), Ir. [teiricim] (O'B.),

E.Ir. [tarnic], it ended, from [*tar-ic], transire ([tar], across, and

[ic] or [nic] of [thig], [thanig]). Atkinson joins it with [tairicim],

arrive (= [to-air-ic-]), as in [tŕir], but the meanings scarcely suit.

<teiric>, hake, herring hake (Carm.):

<teirinn>, <tčarn>, descend, Ir. [tearnaim], [túrnaim], E.Ir. [tairnim], O.Ir.

[tairnnud], dejectio (= [to-air-innud]), from [*endô], go, root [end],

[ed], I.E. [ped], go (Eng. [foot], Lat. [pes], etc., G. [uidhe], q.v.).

<teirisi>! the dairymaid's cry to calm a cow; see [tairis].

<teirm>, a term, Ir. [tearma], earlier, [térma] (F.M.); from M.Eng.

[terme], from Lat. [terminus] through Fr.

<tearmasg>, <tiormasg>, a mistake, mischance; cf. [eirmis]. Here [te]

may be for [de], on the analogy of [to], [do].

<téis>, a musical air; see [séist] for derivation.

<teismeid>, last will and testament; from Lat. [testamentum].

<teis-meadhon>, the exact or very middle; [teis] = [to-ess], as in [teasairg].

<teist>, testimony, Ir. [teisd], [teist], O.Ir. [teist], W. [tyst], Br. [test]; from

Lat. [testis], Eng. [test], etc.

<teó>, <teódh>, make warm; from [teň-], q.v. The Ir. verb is [teighim],

inf. [téaghadh].

<teň->, warm, <teň-chridheach>, warm-hearted; [*tepu-], Skr. [tapus],

hot, root [tep] as in [teth]. Cf. Keating's ([Three Shafts], 282),

[teó-ghrádhuigheas], qui ardentius amat, where Atkinson considers

[teó] a comparative.

<teňm>, a doel (Carm.):

<teňma>, skilful, expert, <teňm>, cunning (Carm.):

<teth>, hot, Ir. [teith], comp. <teotha> (G. and Ir.), M.Ir. [te], comp. [teou]:

[*teps] (?), root [tep], hot, as in [teas]. The O.Ir. is [tee], [té],

fervidus, pl. [téit], from [*tepents], g. [*tepentos], Lat. [tepens].

<teuchd>, congeal, be parched, Ir. [teuchdaim], curdle, coagulate,

M.Ir. [téchtaige], frozen, O.Ir. [coiteichtea], concretionis:

[*tenkto-], from I.E. [tenq], firm, fast; Eng. [tight], Ger. [dicht],

close.

<teud>, a string, Ir. [teud], [téad], O.Ir. [tét], fidis, W. [tant]: [tn@.tâ], chord;

Skr. [tântu], [tánti], cord: root [ten], stretch, thin, as in [tana].

<teugmhail>, battle, contest, disease, Ir. [teagmháil], a meeting,

retribution: [*to-ex-com-dháil], see [comhdhail]. In the sense of

"disease", see [eugail].

--page 365

<teum>, a bite, sudden snatch, wound, E.Ir. [temm], W. [tam], a bite

Corn. [tam[, pl. [tymmyn], Br. [tamm]: [*tendmen], root [tend], cut;

Lat. [tondeo], shear, [tineo], a worm; Gr. @G[téndw], gnaw; Ch.Sl.

[te@?ti], caedere.

<thŕ>, is; see [tŕ]. The aspiration is due to the use of [tŕ] in relative

sentences, where the [t] is intervocalic.

<thŕinig>, came, Ir. [thánaic], [tháinig], ve@-nit, O.Ir. [tánic], [ránic], ve@-nit,

[tânac], ve@-ni: [*ananka], I have come - a reduplicated perfect;

Skr. [ânamca], has reached; Gr. @G[c@'/negke], brought: root [enk],

[nak] ([nank]), attain, bring, for which see [thig]. The aspiration

is due to the analogy of other perfects which follow [do].

<thairis>, over, across, Ir. [tairis], E.Ir. [tairis], over it, him; from [tar]

([thar]) and [sé] or [é], he, it. The aspiration is, due to a suppressed,

or supposed suppressed, [do] or [a].

<thall>, over, beyond, Ir. [thall], O.Ir. [thall], [tall]: [*t-all], O.Ir. [ol],

quam, [indoll], [altarach], ultra, [al], ultra; root [ol], [el], [ol], Lat.

[ille] (= [olle]), [alius]. Also <eile>, other, which see. The form

<thallad> stands for [thall-ud].

<thalla>, come, come along, "age", <thallaibh> (pl.), E.Ir. [tallaim],

take away, [*talnô], root [tel], bear (see [tlŕth], [tail], etc.). Also

interjection: <thalla! thalla!> well! well!

<thar>, across, Ir. [tar], O.Ir. [tar], [dar], W. [tra-], over, [trach],

beyond,

root [ter], through, past, Lat. [trans], [terminus]; Skr. [tar-], pass;

I.E. [ter], pass through, bore. See [tora], [troimh].

<thŕrladh>, accidit, Ir. [tarla], E.Ir. [dorala], [dorla], O.Ir. [tarla]:

[*to-ro-la], the [la] being the remains of root [plu], as in [dol]

(Ascoli).

<theab>, nearly did (with inf.), Ir. [do theib sé], he failed (O'B.):

"grazed" it, from [*tebb], graze, cut, as in [teabaid]?

<theagamh>, mayhap, perhaps, O.Ir. [tecmaing], accidit, [tecmang],

eventus, [do-é-cm-aingim], accido, for [*to-ex-com-ang], root [ang],

near, as in [cumhang], q.v. Meyer takes O.Ir. [ecmaing] from

[ad-com-bangim], [bang] root of [buain]. It has also been referred

to root [mang], [mag], Eng. [may], etc.

<théid>, will go, Ir. [téid], goes, O.Ir. [téit], venit, it: [*to-éit], [*entô],

[*pentô], go, reach, root [pet], [pent], go, fly, fall; Lat. [pet], seek,

"fall on"; Gr. @G[píptw], fall; Got. [finţan], Eng. [find].

<their>, will say; see [deir].

<thig>, will come, Ir. [tigim], come, E.Ir. [tic], [ticc], venit, O.Ir. [ticfa],

veniet: [*tó-icc], from [icc], [*enkô], come, reach, root [enk], [nak],

[nank], attain, bring; Gr. @G[c@'/negka], brought (= G. <thŕinig>), a

reduplicated perf. from @G[egk]; Skr. [a@-namça], attained; further

[nank] of [adhlac] and Lat. [nanciscor].

--page 366

<thoir>, give, G., Ir. <tabhair>, give thou, q.v. The G. is for [toir], a

crushed form of [tabhair], and this is aspirated on the analogy

of [bheir], [gheibh], and especially of [thug], its past tense.

<thud>, an interjection of dislike or impatience: Sc. [hoot], hoot-hoot,

Swed. [hut], whence Eng. [hoot]. The G. is borrowed.

<thug>, bave, brought, Ir. [thug], [thugas] (1st pers.), E.Ir. [tuc], [tucas],

[do-fuc], from [uc], [ucc], [*ud-ge], from [s-] aorist [*e-ges-s-t], [*e-ges-s-m],

root [ges], carry, Lat. [gero], [gessi] (Zimmer, [Zeit.]@+[30] 156-7);

whence also W. [dug], he bore, Cor. [duk], Br. [dougas].

<thugad>, <thugaibh>, <thuige>, etc., to thee, to you, to him; for

[chugad], etc., q.v. Similarly <thun> is for <chun>, <gun>, <gu>, q.v

<thun> with gen. is for [chum].

<tě>, any one, person, Ir. [tí], person, [an tí], [an té]; see [té], [ně].

<tě>, intention, Ir., E.Ir. [tí]; [ar ti] = intends (Glenmassan MS.):

<tiachair>, perverse, ill-disposed, sick, a dwarf, Ir. [tiachair], perverse

(O'Cl., Lh., O'B.), M.Ir. [tiachair], troublesome, E.Ir. [tiachaire],

affliction, peevishness:

<tiadhan>, a little hill, small stone, Ir. [tíadhan], a stone, testicle:

<tiamhaidh>, gloomy, lonesome, Ir. [tiamdha], dark (O'Cl.), E.Ir.

[tiamda], dark, afraid:

<tiarmail>, prudent; cf. [těorail].

<tibirt>, fountains (Uist; Hend.); see [tiobart].

<těde>, time; from Icel. [tíđ], Sc., Eng. [tide], Ag.S. [tíd], Ger. [zeit].

<tigh> (for <taigh>), a house, Ir. [tigh], O.Ir. [teg], [tech]; see [teach].

<tighearn>, <tighearna>, lord, master, Ir. [tighearna], O.Ir. [tigerne], W.

[teyrn], O.W. [-tigern], Cor. [teern], O.British [tigernus]: [*tegerno-s],

[tegernio-s], root [teg] of [tigh], q.v.

<tighil>, call when passing (M`A.); the [t] being as in [tigh], the word

seems a variant of [tadhal].

<tighinn>, coming, Ir. [tighim], I come, E.Ir. [tiagaim], O.Ir. [tiagu],

[tíchtu] ([tíchtin]), adventus: [*tigô], [*teigô], from root [stei@gh], [sti@gh],

go; Gr. @G[steíhw], walk; Got. [steigan], ascend, Ger. [steigen],

Eng. [stair]: Skr. [stighnute], stride.

<tilg>, cast, cast out, vomit, Ir. [teilgim], O.Ir. [teilcim]: [to-es-leic],

"let out", from the original of G. <leig>, let, q.v.

<till>, <pill>, return, Ir. [tillim] (Keating), [fillim], [pillim] (O'B.) (Ulster

has [till]): [*svelni-], turn round, W. [chwylo], turn, revolve,

[chwyl], a turn, course, while (for which see G. <seal>). Cf. [fill].

<těm>, time; from the Eng.

<timchioll>, around, a circuit, so Ir., O.Ir. [timchell]: [*to-imm-cell],

from I.E. [qel], move, go; Lat. [colo], tend, [celer], swift; Gr.

@G[pelomai], go, be, @G[a@'mfípolos], attendant; Skr. [cárâmi], move,

go. See [buachaill].

--page 367

<tinn>, sick, Ir. [tinn], E.Ir. [tind]: [*tenni-], root [ten] of [tana], [teann],

[teinn]. Cf. O.Ir. [tinaim], evanesco, Lat. [attenuo], Eng.

[attenuate].

<tinne>, a chain, link, piece of a column, M.Ir. [tinne], flitch, E.Ir.

[tinde], ring, link, bar, O.Ir. [tinne], chalybs; from the root [ten]

of [tana]. Cf. Norse [ţind], diaphragm.

<tioba>, a heap (Arg.); from Eng. [heap] or G. [iob]?

++<tiobart>, a well, O.G. [tiprat] (gen., B.of Deer), Ir. [tiobar],

[tiobrad], E.Ir. [tipra], d. [tiprait], [*to-aith-brevant-], Celtic verb

[*bervô], seethe, boil; Gr. @G[fréar], @G[fréatos], a well; Ger. [brunnen],

Eng. [burn]. See [tobar].