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ɞɟɧɟɝ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ

ɱɬɨ

Ɋ

ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Ⱦɥɹ

ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɦɦɚ

Ʉ

ɢɫɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɦ

ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɢ ɫɭɦɦɚ

Ɋ

 

Ʉ

ɢɫɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞ ɪɚɜɧɨ

ɡɧɚɱɧɵ Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɟɦɭ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫ

ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɞɟɧɟɝ

Ɋ

ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨ

ɜɚɧɢɹɬɟ

Ɋ ȿ



Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞ

ɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɇɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɪɵɧɨɤ

ɡɚɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɟ

ɥɢɱɢɧɚ Ɋ Ʉɬɨɬɨ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɥɚɬɭ ɡɚ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɨ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɵ

ɗɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɨɬɞɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɣɦɵ ɩɨɞ

ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɹ

ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶɦɟɧɶɲɭɸɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ

ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ

Ɍɟ ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɤɚɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɡɪɚɫɯɨ

ɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ ɤɥɚɞɭɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɛɚɧɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ Ȼɚɧ

ɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ȼɨɬ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ

ȿ

ɢ ɟɫɬɶ

ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ

ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ

5

ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟ

ɦɟɧɢɬɟ

 5



W

ɬɨɝɞɚɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɣɬɢɫɭɦɦɭɪɹɞɚ

∑

∞

−







(

 

Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɰɟɧ

ɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɨɬ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ

ɟɧɬ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ

ɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ

Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɭ  ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨ

ɠɢɦ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɧɬɭ





ɯɨɱɟɬ ɟɝɨ

ɩɪɨɞɚɬɶ ɉɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɟ ɨɧ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ" ȼ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ

ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧ ɡɚɯɨɱɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɨ

ɫɢɥɚ ɛɵ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ





ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ

ɞɥɹɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɟɧɟɝɩɭɬɶɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɞɨɯɨɞɚ²ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɢɯɜɛɚɧɤ

ɢɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɌɨɝɞɚɰɟɧɚɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɡɟɦɥɢɢɥɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤ

ɬɚɛɭɞɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

=3

 

5



ɝɞɟ=²ɰɟɧɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ

Ɋ

²ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɣɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ

5²

ɪɟɧɬɚɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɦɚɹɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ





Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɰɟɧɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ

ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɦɚɹ ɢɦɢ ɪɟɧɬɚ ɦɨ

ɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ  ɢ  ɧɟ ɝɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ

ɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ



 5



 W 

 

ɩ

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɢɦɟɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ

ɧɢɹɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ





ȼɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹɟɟ

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɯɨɞɚ ɬɨ ɞɥɹ

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ5



ɦɨɠɧɨɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ





Į



 

ɝɞɟɚ²ɷɬɨɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣɬɟɦɩɪɨɫɬɚɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɞɨɯɨɞɚ

Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɭɦɨɠɧɨɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

∑

∞

−

=++=









(

(5S

 

Ɋɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ  ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɚ 

ȿ

ɋɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ

ɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ

ɬɚɤ ɇɨɪɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ȿ²

ɨɞɧɚ ɢ ɬɚ ɠɟ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ  ɩɨ

ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ  ɨɛɟɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤ

ɬɨɜ ɢɡɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ

ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɚ

ȿ

ɢ  ɪɨɫɬ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ

ɪɨɞɧɵɯɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɚ

Ɇɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɨ ɰɟɧɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɤɨɬɨ

ɪɵɟɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬɪɟɧɬɭȼɬɨɠɟɜɪɟɦɹɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɱɚɫɬɨɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɩɪɨɛ

ɥɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ

ɪɟɱɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɞɬɢ ɨɛ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɯ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛ

ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɚɯ ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɉɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɧɚɬɶ

ɨɛɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦ ɜɨɩ

ɪɨɫɵ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɹ ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɟɰ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɥ

ɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ

ɩɨɤɭɩɚɸɬɫɹ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɨ

ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɬɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬ

ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɉɭɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɧɚɦɢ



 ɚ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɨ

ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ²



ɬɨɝɞɚɰɟɧɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ=ɛɭɞɟɬɨɩɪɟɞɟ

ɥɹɬɶɫɹɩɨɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ









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 

ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɵ ɜɵɱɢɬɚɟɦ

ɬɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ





ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɭɩ

ɥɟɧ ɜɡɹɬ ɜ ɚɪɟɧɞɭ Ȼɭɞɭɳɢɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ

ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɭɸ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɟɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚ

ɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ  ȿɫɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ  ɛɭɞɟɬ

ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɜ

ɫɮɟɪɭ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɜ ɚɪɟɧ

ɞɭ

ɂɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɨɬ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ

ɜɚɬɶɫɹɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ



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ɝɞɟ

²

ɪɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɟɬ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ

W

ɟɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɜɨɟɧ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ L

²

ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɨ

ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ L ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ

ɝɨɞɭ W  ² ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ

Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɵ Ɂ ɢ  ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɩɪɨɲɟɧɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɫɱɢɬɚ

ɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ

ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɢ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɪɟɧɬɭ ɬɟ 5

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 W  



  ɚ

ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɩɨɟɝɨɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɜɨɞɢɧɝɨɞȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ

ɦɵɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦɤɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

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 

ɂɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɪɢ

ɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ

ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ5



!

ȿɄ



Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ  ɦɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ

ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɢ

ɞɪɭɝɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤ

ɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɷɬɨɬ

ɨɛɴɟɦɦɨɠɧɨɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɢɪɟɧɬɧɵɣɞɨɯɨɞ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ



 5



Ʉ 

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ

ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨ

ɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɞɨ

ɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɗɬɨɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ





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ɇɚ ɪɢɫ 



²

ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɚ 6



² ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɚɹ ɪɟɧɬɚ



.







ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɶ Ⱦɚɥɶ

ɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɬɚɤ

ɤɚɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɗɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɩ

ɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɭɞɵ ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ

ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɭɞɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɟɞɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪ

ɠɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɱɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ

ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɚɞɟɤ

ɜɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ

ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸɧɟɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ

Ɍɟɠɟɫɚɦɵɟɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɦɵɢɤɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɦɨɬ

ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨ

ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ

ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟ

ɫɭɪɫɨɦ





∑

−

ɑȾɋ



ɝɞɟ U ² ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ



²

ɜɵɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ

ɝɨɞɭW



²ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɜɝɨɞɭW



Ɋɢɫ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɞɨɯɨɞɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ

ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɟɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ

,²ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɞɨɯɨɞɚɩɪɢɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɣɜɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ





ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ

ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ

ɑȾɉ

ɨɬɟɝɨɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶ

ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ

ɑȾɉ

ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɚ U



ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨ

ɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ

ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɩɪɟɞ

ɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭ

ɸɳɟɣɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ2(&'

V ɪXJ

ɝɞɟ

V²

ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ S ²ɱɢɫɬɚɹ

ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɪɚ ɧɟɬɟɪ

ɩɟɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ

ɢ ²

ɬɟɦɩ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫ

ɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫɬɢ

J

²ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣɪɨɫɬɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɞɭɲɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ȿɫɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɱɬɨ

ɬɨ

V ɪ



J



Ɉɞɧɚɤɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɦɵɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɜɵɫɨɤɭɸɫɬɚɜɤɭɞɢɫ

ɤɨɧɬɚ ɢ ɥɢɲɚɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ

ɤɪɚɣɧɢɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ

V J

Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɭ ɪɨ

ɫɬɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɉɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɜ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ

ɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɈȿɋȾ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ

ɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚ

ɸɳɢɯɫɹɫɬɪɚɧɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɚɫɶɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

V ²ɜɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɫɧɢɡɤɢɦɞɨɯɨɞɨɦ

V

²ɜɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɫɞɨɯɨɞɨɦɧɢɠɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ

V

²ɜɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɫɞɨɯɨɞɨɦɜɵɲɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹ



²ɜɂɧɞɢɢɢɄɢɬɚɟ

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɨ

ɝɨɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɤɨɥɟɛɥɟɬɫɹɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ

ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ

ɧɢ U ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɬɨ ɦɵ

ɢɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɲɢɦɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨ

ɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɢ ɬɟɦ

ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɦ

ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹɦ





 

Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ

ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ȼ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ

ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ

ɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɬɶɫɹɤ

ɊɕɇɈɑɇɕȿɆȿɌɈȾɕɈɐȿɇɄɂɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɭɱɟɬɚɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɪɟɫɭɪ

ɫɨɜ

Ɇɵ ɭɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ ɤ ɨɰɟɧ

ɤɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɚ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɢ

ɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚ

ɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ

ȼ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɰɟɧɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ

ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɦ

ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɜɫɟɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ

ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ

ɛɵɬɶɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɵɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɰɟɧɢɥɢ

ɫɭɛɫɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ

ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨ

ɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ

ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɵɟ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ

ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɨɛɳɭɸ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ

ɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɪɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɞɚɠɟɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɫɭɱɟɬɨɦɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɚɪɵɧɤɚ

ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢ

ɱɟɫɤɭɸɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶɪɢɫ

Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟ

ɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɵ ɧɟ

ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɧɨ ɰɟɧɹɬ ɟɝɨ

ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɦɨɪɚɥɶ

ɧɵɯ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɱɬɨ ɛɟɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɛɟɞ

ɧɟɟ ɑɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ

ɩɪɹɦɵɟ

ɨɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪ

ɫɨɜ ɢ

ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɟ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɨɡɚɳɢɬ

ɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɥɶɬɟɪ

ɧɚɬɢɜɵ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɰɟɧɢɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟ

ɫɭɪɫɨɜɜɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ

ȼɚɠɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ







Ɋɢɫ

Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɟɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜɩɨɞɚɧɧɵɦɈɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɝ







Ɋɢɫ

Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɤɪɢɜɨɣɫɩɪɨɫɚ

ɧɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧ

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚ

ɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɫɟɪ

ɜɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ

Ⱦɜɢɝɚɹɫɶ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɳɭ

ɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɞɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɗɬɨ ɢ ɨɩɪɟ

ɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚ

ɸɳɢɟɫɹɧɢɠɟ

ɉɪɹɦɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨ

ɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ

ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟɭɱɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɟɰɢɮɪɵɪɟɧɬɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢ

Ʉɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɰɟɧɢ

ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞ

ɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚ

ɬɢɬɶ ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ

ɢ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɟɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫ

ɧɨɜɟ ɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɥɚ

ɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɷɬɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢ

ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɚɯ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɦɵ

ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟ

ɥɚɧɢɹɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ

ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ

Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɭɤɚ







ɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟ

ɫɭɪɫɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫ

ɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɂɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɜ ɩɪɟɞ

ɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɜ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ

ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ

ȼ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ

3HDUFH ' 7XUQHU Ʉ %DWHPDQ -

(QYLURQPHQWDO (FRQRPLFV $Q (OHPHQWDU\ ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KH -RKQ

+RSNLQV 8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV %DOWLPRUH  ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢ

ɤɚɰɢɹɦɟɬɨɞɨɜɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɤɪɢɜɨɣɫɩɪɨɫɚɪɢɫ

Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ

ɦɟɬɨɞ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ

ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧ

ɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɏɢɤɫɭ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭ

ɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɩ

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɹɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɠɟɥɚ

ɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ

ɩɨɧɹɬɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ

ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɭ

ɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɬ

ɨɛɳɟɣ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ

ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢ

ɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɩɪɢ

ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧ

ɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ

ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɨɩ

ɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ

ɨɧɢɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɩɨɬɪɚɬɢɬɶɧɚɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɣɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹɜɬɟɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɤɨɝɞɚ

 ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ

ɫɬɜɢɹɧɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸɫɛɵɜɚɟɦɭɸɧɚɪɵɧɤɟ

ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɡɚɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹɦɢɥɸɞɟɣ

 ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ

ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦɨɦɭ

ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ

ɂɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨ

ɞɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢ ɝɟɞɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ

ɧɵɟɪɟɫɭɪɫɵɋɢɯɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɜɵɹɜɢɬɶɩɪɟɞ

ɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢ

ɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɫɩɪɨɫɚɧɚɪɟɫɭɪɫɗɬɨɬɦɟɬɨɞɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ

ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɨɰɟɧɤɢɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ

Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜ





ɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ

ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɚ

ɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɫɭɬ

ɥɸɞɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɋɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬ

ɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɰɟɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɫ

ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟ

ɫɭɪɫɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɗɤɨ

ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ 2(&'  ɬɨɝɞɚ

ɤɨɝɞɚ

ɨɛɴɟɤɬɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɝɨɞɚ

 ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɦ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦɢɥɢɨɧɚɨɱɟɧɶɧɢɡɤɚ

 ɥɸɞɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ

ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ

ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɟɯɚɥɢ ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ

ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɭ Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɠɢ

ɜɟɬ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɟɡɞɨɤ ɨɧ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɱɢ

ɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɟɡɞɨɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ

ɝɨɞɚ ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ

ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ȿɫ

ɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɯ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ

ɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɢ ɧɚɥɢ

ɱɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ

ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫ

ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɝɟɞɨɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɵ

ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɬɟɦ ɫɨɨɛ

ɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɡɚɛɨɱɟɧ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɨ

ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɟ ɧɟɞɜɢ

ɠɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɬɞɚɫɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ

ɜ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɗɬɢ ɫɨɨɛɪɚ

ɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ

ɝɨɬɨɜ ɭɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɦ ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟ

ɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɢ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨ

ɧɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ȼɨ

ɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɪɵɧɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶɫɯɨɠɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ

ɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯɞɨɦɨɜ

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣɦɟɬɨɞɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɜɬɟɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɟɫɥɢ

ɪɵɧɨɤɧɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

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