Лекции - Теоретические основы ценности природных ресурсов

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ɑɚɫɬɶɩɟɪɜɚɹ

ɌȿɈɊȿɌɂɑȿɋɄɂȿɈɋɇɈȼɕ



ɈɉɊȿȾȿɅȿɇɂəɐȿɇɇɈɋɌɂ



ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ





Ƚɥɚɜɚ,

ɊȿɇɌȺ

ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ



ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ

ɥɸɛɨɝɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɈɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ²ɨɞɢɧ

ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɤɨ

ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɨɦ ɩɪɢ

ɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ Ɉɬɫɭɬ

ɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɨɯɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɭɜɟ

ɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ

ɢɦɟɸɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɨ ɱɟɦ ɨɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ" Ʉɚɤ ɟɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶ" Ʉɚɤ

ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɧɚɟɝɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɨɰɟɧɤɭ"ɗɬɢɜɨɩɪɨɫɵɛɭɞɭɬɪɚɫ

ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ

Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɧɬɨɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨ

ɯɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɫɞɚɜɚɹ

ɟɝɨ ɜ ɚɪɟɧɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɞɨɯɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɝɥɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɦɟ

ɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɫ ɚɪɟɧɞɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɟɫɥɢ

ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ

ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɢ ɬɞ ȼɚɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɵɧɤɚ

ɭɦɟɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧ

ɬɚɦɢ ɇɟ ɜɞɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨ

ɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɧɬɭ ɬɟ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɟ

ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɨɫɧɨɜɚɯɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɪɟɧɬ





ɄȺɄȼɈɁɇɂɄȺȿɌɊȿɇɌȺ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɱɟɬɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ

ɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɟɝɨ ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɢɥɢ

ɚɪɟɧɞɚɬɨɪ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ

ɰɢɸ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɯɨɞ ȿɫɥɢ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚ

ɬɵ ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ

ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɗɬɢ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧ

ɬɵ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚ

ɞɚɟɬɬɚɤɢɦɢɠɟɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ  ɟɫɥɢ

Ɇɋ²

ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ

ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ D

' ²

ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɬɨ

Ɋ ²

ɰɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɰɟɧɚ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ ɯɥɨɩɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɝɨ

ɥɢɛɨɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ



Ɋɢɫ

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɣɰɟɧɵɧɚɪɵɧɤɟɢɪɟɧɬɧɨɝɨɞɨɯɨɞɚ

4

²ɨɛɴɟɤɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ



6





²ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚɤɨɬɨɪɭɸɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ



²

ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ



²

ɪɟɧɬɧɵɣɞɨɯɨɞ







Ɋɢɫ

ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢɧɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ

ɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɪɟɧɬ

Ɋ²

ɰɟɧɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ

Ɇɋ





Ɇɋ



Ɇɋ



²

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɞɥɹɬɪɟɯɪɚɫɫɦɨɬ

ɪɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɦɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ4



4



4



²ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɛɴɟɦɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ

ɫɬɜɚɧɚɤɚɠɞɨɦɢɡɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ

Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɚɦɢ

ɢɜɵɪɭɱɤɨɣ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɱɟɦ

ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɫɨɛɚɹɪɨɥɶɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ

ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ

ɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɞɚ

ɱɟɣɧɚɟɞɢɧɢɰɭɡɚɬɪɚɬ

Ⱦɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟ

ɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɰɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ

ɪɵɧɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ

ɜɥɢɹɬɶɧɟɦɨɝɭɬɬɨɬɨɝɞɚɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɪɢɫ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ



²

ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ

ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ



²

ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ



²

ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ȿɫɥɢ ɢɡ

ɷɬɨɣ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɦɵ ɜɵɱɬɟɦ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ





6



 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢɡɨɛ

ɪɚɡɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨ ɩɨ

ɥɭɱɢɦɪɢɫ







Ɋɢɫ

Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɞɨɯɨɞɨɜɨɬɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ  ɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɞɨɯɨ

ɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɡɚɜɢɫɹɬɨɬɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɞɚɧɧɵɯɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ

ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿɊȿɇɌɇɕɏȾɈɏɈȾɈȼ

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ

ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ

ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɦɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤɚɹɬɨ

ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɚ ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɨ

ɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ  ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨ  ɰ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ

Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɧɚ

ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɭɦɚ ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟ

ɧɵɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɧɚɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ

ɇɨɦɟɪɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ       

Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɵɬɵɫɪɭɛ

ɧɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɰ

Ʉɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ

      





ɍɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɷɤɫ

ɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ  ɰ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫ

ɬɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ²  ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ²  ɢ ɬɞ

ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɟɞɶɦɨɦ ²  ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛɬ ɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɦɜ  ɪɚɡ

ɜɵɲɟɱɟɦɧɚɩɟɪɜɨɦ

ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɵ

ɧɨɤ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɚɫɶ ɰɟɧɚ  ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɡɚ  ɰ

ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɟɟ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ

ɋɩɪɨɫ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ

Ʉɚɤɢɟɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɱɬɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɵ

ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸ

ɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ =



  ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɝɞɟ =



²ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵɧɚLɨɦ

ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɚ  ² ɷɬɨ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɡɚ  ɰ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɰɟɧɟ  ɬɵɫ

ɪɭɛɡɚɰ"

ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɭ ɧɚ   

 ɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɚ ɜɨɬ ɧɚ  ɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɥɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɛɟɫɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨ

ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɨ ȼɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ  ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɧɚ

ɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟɨɧ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɧɚ

ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ²  ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ²  ɧɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦ ²  ɧɚ ɩɹɬɨɦ ²

ɬɵɫɪɭɛ

Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ

ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɇD ɫɚɦɨɦ

ɞɟɥɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɨɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ

ɢ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟ

ɧɢɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɭ ɩɪɢɞɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɞɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɨ ɩɨɬɟɧ

ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬ ɟɟ ɱɟɦɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɧɚ

ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɯɥɟɛɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɢɫɨɦ ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ

ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɪɢ

ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɰɢɹɦɢ ² ɩɨ  ɟɞɢ

ɧɢɰ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶ

ɧɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɭɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ

ɫɟɥɶɯɨɡɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɗɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ

Ɉɛɴɟɦɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ

ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵɜɰɟɧɬɧɟɪɚɯ

      

ɐɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɦɨɣɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ

ɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɟɧɚɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ

ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɰ

      





 



Ɋɢɫ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɦɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɫɭɱɟɬɨɦ

ɢɛɟɡɭɱɟɬɚɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ²²ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ

Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ©ɧɟ

ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨª ɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɚ  ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɡɚ  ɰ

ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɤɭɩɥɟɧɨ  ɰ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɨ

ɫɚ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɬɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ  ɰ ɫɨɫɬɚ

ɜɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ  ɬɵɫ ɪɭɛ ɱɬɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɰɟɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ

ɭɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ

ɐɢɮɪɵ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɪɨɫ ɢ

ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ

ɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ  ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɇɚ

ɪɵɧɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɚ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

Ɋɢɫɧɢɱɟɦɧɟɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹɨɬɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ

ɢɧɚɩɟɪɜɵɣɜɡɝɥɹɞɦɨɠɟɬɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹɱɬɨɧɢɤɚɤɨɣɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢɧɟɬ

ɑɟɦ ɠɟ ɬɚɤ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ" ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɥɢ

ɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ





ȿɫɥɢ

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɚ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɥɚ

ɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɥɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ

ɫɬɜɨ ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ





ɨɧ

ɛɭɞɟɬɜɬɨɱɤɟ





ɪɢɫ





ȼ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ

ɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ 4



 ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɤ





ɬɚɤ

ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟ

ɦɚɯ ȼ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ



ɨɬ



ɛɭ

ɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɇɟɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ² ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨ

ɜɟɧɢɹɪɟɧɬɵ

ȼɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟ

ɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ȼ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ

ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɪɨ

ɞɭɤɰɢɢ Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɞɨɯɨ

ɞɵ ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɤɬɨɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ

ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɋɨɫɟɞɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ

ɫɜɨɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ȿɫɥɢ =





ɏ



 ²

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɪɨ

ɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ D =



ɏ



 ² ɩɨ

ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ





ɢ



² ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɟɪ

ɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟ

ɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ





  ɚ





ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ

ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɩɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɭɩɚɞɟɬ ɞɨ

ɧɭɥɹɚɩɨɩɟɪɜɨɣ²ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ

ȼ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ

ɧɚ

;





ɢ



ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ

ɡɟɦɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɉɨ

ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞ

ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹɜɞɪɭɝɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ

ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ



 ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɨ

ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɨɧ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɭ 4



 ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɡɧɚɟɬ

ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɢɡɡɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɪɚɳɢ

ɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɧɚ ɭɩɚɞɟɬ ɞɨ



ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ

ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ



 Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɩɨɧɟɫɟɬ

ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ =



Ɋ



 ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɜɵ

ɩɭɫɤɚ



ɫɦɪɢɫ

ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚ ɬɨ ɨɧ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ

ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɡɡɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɵ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡ

ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɫɧɢɡɤɢɦɢɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɚɦɢ

ɂɬɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɨɪɢ

ɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤ

ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɹɥɨɫɶ ɰɟɧɟ ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ

ɫɦɨɬɪɹɬ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɚ

ɡɧɚɱɢɬɢɧɚɰɟɧɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ







Ɋɢɫ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɪɟɧɬɵɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɚɧɚɥɢɡɚɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ

ɢɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɟɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ²²ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ

ɍ ɦɨɧɨɩɨɥɢɫɬɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ȿɦɭ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɧɚ

ɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶɜɵɩɭɫɤɞɨɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ

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 ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ

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ɟɝɨ ɞɨɯɨ

ɞɵɛɭɞɭɬɜɵɲɟ

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ

ɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɛɟɫ

ɫɩɨɪɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ

ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɷɤ

ɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ  ɰ ɤɭɤɭɪɭɡɵ ȿɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ

ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ

ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ Ɉɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟ

ɫɭɪɫɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ

ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɚɦɢɱɶɢɭɱɚɫɬɤɢɯɭɠɟ

ɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮ

ɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ ɞɢɮ

ɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ

ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚɯ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ ɬɨ ɧɢɤɬɨ ɢɡ ɡɟɦɥɟɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭ

ɱɢɥ ɛɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɇɚ ɪɢɫ  ɷɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɛɵ

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