Лекции - Теоретические основы ценности природных ресурсов

  1. Файлы
  2. Академическая и специальная литература
  3. Финансово-экономические дисциплины
  4. Экономика природопользования
Назад
Ƚɥɚɜɚ,,,
ɍɋɌɈɃɑɂȼɈȿɊȺɁȼɂɌɂȿɈȻɓȿɋɌȼȺɂɋɈɏɊȺɇȿɇɂȿ
ɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɈɊȿɋɍɊɋɇɈȽɈɉɈɌȿɇɐɂȺɅȺɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɈɃ
ɋɊȿȾɕ
 ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɋɈɋɌȺȼɅəɘɓȺə ɌȿɈɊɂɂ
ɍɋɌɈɃɑɂȼɈȽɈɊȺɁȼɂɌɂə
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɉɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ
ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɧɚɞ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɫɟ
ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɬɪɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
 ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɣ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɷɤɨ
ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɜɧɢ
ɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɥɚɝɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵ
ɡɵɜɚɟɬɜɧɟɲɧɢɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ
 ɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɨ
ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɧɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɵ ɭɞɟɥɢɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
 ɋ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨ
ɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟ
ɞɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɜɟɫɬɢɫɶ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɧɚɧɨ
ɫɢɦɵɣ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɡ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɨ ɧɭɥɹ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚ

ɸɬ ɡɚɦɨɪɨɡɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭ
ɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
Ⱥɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ Ⱦ ɉɢɪɫ ɢ Ʉ Ɍɟɪɧɟɪ ɞɚɜɚɹ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɤɥɚɫ
ɫɢɮɢɰɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɢ
ɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɷɤɨ
ɰɟɧɬɪɢɤɨɜ ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɧɚɫɬɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟ
ɥɚɸɬ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɜ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɪɚɡ
ɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ
ɜɬɚɛɥ
Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨ
ɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟª ɍɠɟ ɤ  ɝ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚ
ɥɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ  ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɟɜɝɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɜ
ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɢɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɛɵɥɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɩɨɞɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦɩɪɟ
ɦɶɟɪɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ Ƚɪɭɏɚɪɥɟɦɚ Ȼɪɭɬɥɚɧɞɚ Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚ
ɫɢɬ ©ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ
ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɟɡ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢª
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚ
ɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɜɫɟɯ²ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɯɢɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ²ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣɗɬɨɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɱɬɨ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚ
ɡɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜɢɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɞɥɹɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ
ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɸ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɬɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɦ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɨɥ
ɧɚɹɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɹɢɯɜɬɨɣɢɥɢɢɧɨɣɮɨɪɦɟ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɜɨɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
ȼɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɬɪɢɜɢɞɚɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
 ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɦɨɛɢɥɶ
ɧɵɟɮɨɧɞɵɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ²
.P

ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɜɵɤɢ²
.K

ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ²
Ʉɩ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɡɬɪɟɯɜɢɞɨɜɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
Ʉ .PɄKɄɩ
Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɹɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɍɟɯɧɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɤɢ ɗɤɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɤɢ
Ɋɨɝɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɹ ɉɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶ
ɳɢɤɢ
Ƚɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɧɚ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɨɫɬɡɚɫɱɟɬ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɉɨɥɧɨɟ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɡɚ
ɰɢɢ
ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ
ɪɵɧɨɤɧɟɭɱɟɬ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ
ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɪɵɧɤɨɦɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ƚɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɫ
ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ
ɩɚɱɟɬɤɢɟ
ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɥɨ
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ
ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɟɧ
ɧɵɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫ
ɤɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭ
ɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ɉɱɟɧɶɝɥɭɛɨɤɚɹ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɫɭɩɨɪɨɦɧɚ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
Ɍɢɩ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ
Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɪɨɫɬ
ȼɇɉ
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜɫ
ɭɱɟɬɨɦɷɤɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ
ɢ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ
ȼɇɉ
ɇɭɥɟɜɨɣ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫ
ɤɢɣɪɨɫɬɢ
ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣɪɨɫɬ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢɢ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ
ɧɢɹ
Ⱥɤɫɢɨɦɚ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚɩɪɢ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦɪɵɧɤɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɭ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɢɫɧɢɦɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜɫɟɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɵ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ
ɩɨɫɬɭɥɚɬɨɜ
ɫɥɚɛɨɣ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫ
ɤɢɯɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ
ɨɬ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫ
ɤɢɯɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ
ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ²
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɜɫɟɣ
ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ
ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧ
ɧɨɝɨɪɨɫɬɚ
ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɩɨ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ
Ɉɱɟɧɶɫɥɚɛɚɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɋɥɚɛɚɹɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɫɬɶ
ɋɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
Ɉɱɟɧɶɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢ
ɜɨɫɬɢ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
3HDUFH'7XUQHUɄ%DWHPDQ,
(QYLURQPHQWDO(FRQRPLFV$Q
(OHPHQWDU\,QWURGXFWLRQ7KH-RKQ+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV%DOWLPRUH3


>++=
GW
G.Q
GW
G.K
GW
G.P
GW
GN
ɗɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɧɟɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɇɚɢɥɭɱ
ɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɜ ɉɪɚɜɢɥɟ ɏɚɪɬɜɢɤɚ ɫɢɬɭ
ɚɰɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ
ɡɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ȼ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ
ɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɢɫɬɨ
ɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɗɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ
Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤ
ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ² ɤɚɤ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɭɦɟɟɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɬɨ ɫ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟ
ɦɟɧɢ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ Ɂɟɦɥɟ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɭɜɲɢɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢ
ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɧɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ Ɉɡɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜ
ɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɹɦɢ ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɥ
ɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ
ɟɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
ɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɷɤɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɗɬɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɟɝɨɫɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɢ
ɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟ
ɞɭɪɚɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɱɬɨ

W'W6
GW
GN
−=
ɝɞɟ
6 W ²
ɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ W D
' ²
ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɫɥɟ
ɞɭɸɳɢɣɜɢɞ
6
W
'W 6
W
'PW'KW'QW!

Ⱥɟɫɥɢɭɱɟɫɬɶɱɬɨ
'K 
ɬɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɧɟɚɦɨɪ

ɬɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɤ ȼɇɉ ɬɨ ɩɨ
ɥɭɱɢɦɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɫɥɚɛɨɣɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ=
>−−=
<
'Q
<
'P
<
6
=
Ⱦɥɹɫɢɥɶɧɨɣɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢɞɨɥɠɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ
>
GW
G.Q
ɢɥɢ
<
<
'Q
ɬɟɡɚɩɚɫɵɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ
ȼɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɟɣɫɹɪɚɛɨɬɟȾɉɢɪɫɚɄɌɟɪɧɟɪɚɢəȻɚɬɦɚɧɚɛɵɥɢ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɫɥɚɛɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɹɞɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɦɬɚɛɥ
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚ
ɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢ
ɪɨɤɨ ɗɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɩ
ɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ©ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟª Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɞɨɫɬɚ
ɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟ
ɪɟɞɧɵɟɡɚɞɚɱɢɩɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɛɭɞɭɳɢɯɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɋɬɪɚɧɚ
<
6
<
'P
<
'Q
=
Ɏɢɧɥɹɧɞɢɹ    
Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ    
əɩɨɧɢɹ    
ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ   " "
ɋɒȺ    
Ɍɚɤ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹɢɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
 ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɝɞɟ ɧɟ ɫɨ
ɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵɱɢɫɬɨɬɵɜɨɞɵɢɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
 ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸ
ɳɢɯɧɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
 ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟȼɇɉɧɚɞɭɲɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɢɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɪɚɛɨɱɢɯɦɟɫɬ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɱɢɫɥɚɥɸɞɟɣɠɢɜɭɳɢɯɧɢɠɟɱɟɪɬɵɛɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɪɨɫɬɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɣɢɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣɧɚɞɭɲɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɪɨɫɬɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɧɚɨɯɪɚɧɭɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɞɨɯɨɞɨɜɧɚɞɭɲɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
 ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ
 ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɤɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɛɥɚɝɚɦ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ
 ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɩɨɱɜ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɩɥɨɳɚɞɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɯɛɨɥɨɬɢɫɟɧɨɤɨɫɧɵɯɭɝɨɞɢɣ
 ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɥɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɢ
ɞɨɜ
 ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɪɨɡɨɣ ɢɫ
ɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɜɢɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɯɭɞɨɛɪɟɧɢɣ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɷɦɢɫɫɢɢɝɚɡɨɜɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɢɯɩɚɪɧɢɤɨɜɵɣɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ
 ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚ
ɞɭɲɭɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
 ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɭɩɨɪ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɷɧɟɪɝɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɵɯɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
Ʉ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɬɨ
ɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɡɚ
ɰɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɡɚɱɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɩɨ
ɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ" Ɉɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
=
ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ ɬɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ

ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ȿɫɥɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɨɛ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɨ
ɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧ
ɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɱɚɹ ɷɤɨ
ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɵɱɚɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɯɪɚ
ɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨ
ɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧ
ɰɢɚɥɚ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢɡɵɦɚɬɶ ɞɢɮ
ɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɟɧɬɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢ
ɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬ ©Ⱥɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥª ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɩɪɟ
ɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɰɚ
ɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɭ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɨɪɨɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ©ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɹɰɢ
ɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚªɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɈɐȿɇɄȺɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɟɫɹɬɨɤ ɥɟɬ ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ
ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɬɨ
ɨɧɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɨɰɟɧɟɧɵɤɚɤɢɥɸɛɨɣɞɪɭɝɨɣɬɨɜɚɪ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ
ɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ
 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢ ɜɵɝɨɞ ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɜɫɟɯ
ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟ
ɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢ
ɬɢɸɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɫɰɟɥɶɸɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɧɢɯ©ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢªɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ
 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɟ ɰɟɧɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ
ɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢ
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɦ
ɝɥɚɜɭ  Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɫ
ɱɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ
ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟ
ɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɚɤ ɨɰɟ
ɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɧɨ
ɜɚɠɟɧɢɞɥɹɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɢɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɟɬɟɣɢɬɞ"
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɵ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɦɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ
ɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɝɨɞɨɣ ɨɬ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɚ ɡɚ
ɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ² ɜɫɟ ɱɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫ
ɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɦɢɧɭɫ ɡɚɬ
ɪɚɬɵ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɜ ɡɚ
ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɪɚɫ
ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɜɫɸ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɨ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ
ɜɵɝɨɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞ
ɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɗɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚ
ɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦɢɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɢɢɬɞ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ
ɬɟɥɟɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɤɪɢɜɭɸ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ ɨɛɨ
ɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɡɚ ɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɬɟ ɜɞɨɥɶ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɤɪɢ
ɜɚɹɫɩɪɨɫɚɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɪɢɜɨɣɫɩɪɨɫɚɩɨɆɚɪɲɚɥɥɭ
ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟɤɨ
ɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɈȺ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ²ɪɋ ɫɩɪɨɫ
ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɭɥɸ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ

Ɋɢɫ
ɋɩɪɨɫɧɚɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣɪɟɫɭɪɫ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɪɟ
ɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ȿɫɥɢ
ɪ ²
ɪɵɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɜɫɟ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɥɚɬɹɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
Ɉɪȼɋ
ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɠɟ ɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟ
ɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɈȺȼɋ
ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɟ
ɪ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɨɋɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɀɟɥɚɧɢɟɩɥɚɬɢɬɶɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɡɢɡɛɵɬ
ɤɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ
ɪȺȼ
ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
Ɉɪȼɋ
ɂɧɨɝɞɚɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ
ɪȺȼ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɱɢɫɬɵɦɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ
ɑɀɉ
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɜɵɢɝɪɵɲɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟ
ɥɟɣɩɪɢɩɨɤɭɩɤɟɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ
ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɠɟɥɚ
ɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ
ɀɇɍ ɂɧɚɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ
ɥɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ
ɨɬɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ
ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɵ ɨɬ
ɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɶɸɟɪɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ
ɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɭɛɵɬɤɢ ɩɨɞ
ɜɟɪɠɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɭ ȼɨɬ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɚ
ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɧɟɫɬɢɭɛɵɬɤɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ

ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɑɀɉ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɬɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɱɟɫɬɶ ɀɇɍ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɬɨ
ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥ ɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɨɨɬɟɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɍɑȿɌɎȺɄɌɈɊȺȼɊȿɆȿɇɂɂɐȿɇȺɉɊɂɊɈȾɇɕɏɊȿɋɍɊɋɈȼ
ȼɵɲɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɲɥɚ ɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬ ɷɤɫɩ
ɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɇɨ ɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɩɪɨɛ
ɥɟɦɭ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ Ʉɚɤɨɜɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɰɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤ
ɬɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɝɨɞ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠ
ɧɨɜɟɱɧɨ
ȼɥɚɞɟɥɟɰ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɧ ɫɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɨɫɬɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ
∑
∞
=
−
+=
W
(5S

ɝɞɟ 5
² ɪɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɦɚɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ W
Ɋ
²
ɰɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
ȿ ²
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ
ɟɧɬɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȿ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚ
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɇɨɪɦɚ
ɬɢɜ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɟɫɰɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ
ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɗɬɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ
ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨ
ɯɨɞ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɩɨɞɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɧɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɬɟɪɩɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭ
ɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ ɧɟɤɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɞɟɧɟɝ ɪɚɜ
ɧɨɣ
Ʉ
Ɉɧɢɦɟɟɬɞɜɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɷɬɢɞɟɧɶɝɢɞɥɹ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɦɵ
ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɢɫɤɚ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɝɨɞ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞ
ɫɬɜɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɭɬ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɪɚɜɧɭɸ
ɊɄ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ
ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ
ɊɄ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ
Ɋ
² ɷɬɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɶ

  • 2008 — 2025 «СтудМед»