Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

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Ɋɢɫ. 136. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ-ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ:

1 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ; 2 – ɜɚɥ; 3 – ɤɨɥɟɫɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ; 4 – ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ;

5 – ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ; 6 – ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ; 7 – ɨɩɨɪɚ ɨɫɟɜɚɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ;

8 – ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ; 9 – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ; 10 – ɪɟɛɪɨ; 11, 12, 13 – ɤɨɥɶɰɚ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ

ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɫɨɱɥɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɮɟ-

ɪɢɣɧɵɦ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ, ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɨɧɢ ɜɫɟ ɨɩɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ

ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤ 6 (ɪɢɫ. 136) ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ 9, ɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ

ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɠɚɬɵ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ.

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Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ-

ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɨɝɨ ɱɭɝɭɧɚ ɢ ɪɚ-

ɞɢɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɚɦɢɞɚ, ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ – ɢɡ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɭɝɭɧɚ ɐɇ16Ⱦ71ɏɒ ɬɢ-

ɩɚ «ɧɢɪɟɡɢɫɬ».

ȼɚɥɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ

ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɨɣɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɈɁ×14ɇ

7ȼ. Ɉɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɰɟ ɦɚɪɤɢ-

ɪɨɜɤɭ «ɇɀ» (ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ) ɢɡ ɤɚ-

ɥɢɛɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɭɬɤɨɜ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɇ65Ⱦ29ɘɌ-ɂɒ-Ʉ-ɦɨɧɟɥɶ, ɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɰɚɯ –

ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ «Ɇ».

ȼɚɥɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ-ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ

ɞɥɢɧɵ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɨɜ 3, 4 ɢ 5 ɦ, ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ.

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ-ɫɟɤɰɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ

ɜɚɥɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ (ɢɥɢ ɜɚɥɚ ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ), ɜɚɥɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭ-

ɥɹ ɫ ɜɚɥɨɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɲɥɢɰɟ-

ɜɵɯ ɦɭɮɬ.

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ –

ɮɥɚɧɰɟɜɨɟ. ɍɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɤɪɨɦɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭ-

ɥɹ ɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɫ ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ) ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɶɰɚɦɢ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɭ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɜɯɨɞ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɫɜɵɲɟ 25 % (ɞɨ 55 %) ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ, ɤ

ɧɚɫɨɫɭ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɣ – ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ (ɪɢɫ. 137).

Ɋɢɫ. 137. Ƚɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ:

1 – ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ; 2 – ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤ; 3 – ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ; 4 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ; 5 – ɜɚɥ; 6 – ɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ;

7 – ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ; 8 – ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɤɨɥɟɫɨ; 9 – ɲɧɟɤ; 10 – ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤ;

11 – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ

Ƚɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ ɢ ɦɨɞɭ-

ɥɟɦ-ɫɟɤɰɢɟɣ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɢ-

ɩɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɮɚɡɵ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɚ ɝɚɡ – ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɱɚɫɬɢ ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ. Ƚɚɡɨ-

ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɆɇȽ ɢɦɟɸɬ: ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ – 250…500 ɦ

/ɫɭɬ,

ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɢ – 90 %, ɦɚɫɫɭ – ɨɬ 26 ɞɨ 42 ɤɝ.

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Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚ-

ɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢ (ɪɢɫ. 138)  ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡ-

ɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɥɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ

ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɉɗȾɍ ɢ ɜ

ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɉɗȾ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ʌ. Ƚɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 20 Ɇɉɚ. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɬ

16 ɞɨ 360 ɤȼɬ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ – 530…2300

ȼ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ

– 26…122,5 Ⱥ.

Ɋɢɫ. 138. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɉɗȾɍ:

1 – ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ; 2 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ; 3 – ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ; 4 – ɩɹɬɤɚ; 5 – ɩɨɞɩɹɬɧɢɤ;

6 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ; 7 – ɩɪɨɛɤɚ; 8 – ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ;

9 – ɪɨɬɨɪ; 10 – ɫɬɚɬɨɪ; 11 – ɮɢɥɶɬɪ; 12 – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ

Ƚɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 139) ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɉɗȾ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟ-

ɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɨ-

ɥɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬ-

ɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɜɚɥɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɜɚɥɭ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 139. Ƚɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɚ:

ɚ – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ; ɛ – ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ;

Ⱥ – ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ; Ȼ – ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ; 1 – ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ;

2 – ɬɨɪɰɟɜɨɟ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ; 3 – ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɧɢɩɩɟɥɶ; 4 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ;

5 – ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɧɢɩɩɟɥɶ; 6 – ɜɚɥ; 7 – ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɧɢɩɩɟɥɶ; 8 – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ;

9 – ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɤɚ; 10 – ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚ

214

Ƚɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨ-

ɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ. Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ.

ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɉ92, ɉɄ92 ɢ ɉ114 (ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɬɢ-

ɩɚ) ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɚɦɟɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɞ-

ɤɨɫɬɶɸ (ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨ 2 ɝ/ɫɦ

, ɧɟ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ

ɦɚɫɥɨɦ), ɧɢɠɧɹɹ – ɦɚɫɥɨɦ ɆȺ-ɉɗȾ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

Ʉɚɦɟɪɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɵ ɬɪɭɛɤɨɣ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɚ ɜ

ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɝɢɞ-

ɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ.

ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɉ92Ⱦ, ɉɄ92Ⱦ ɢ ɉ114Ⱦ (ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ

ɬɢɩɚ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɵ, ɢɯ ɷɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ

ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɚ ɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟ.

Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ – ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɚ 1Ƚ51Ɇ ɢ 1Ƚ62 ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɪɚɡɦɟ-

ɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɞ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɤ ɧɢɠ-

ɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɨɪɰɟɜɵɯ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ

ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɨɬ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɚɥɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɉɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ

ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬ – 125…250 ɤȼɬ, ɦɚɫɫɚ – 53…59 ɤɝ.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɌɆɋ-3 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚ-

ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ

ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ

ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟ-

ɥɹ) ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɚɹ ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɚɹ

ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 20

Ɇɉɚ. Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ

ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ – ɨɬ 25 ɞɨ 105 ºɋ.

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɳɚɹ – 10,2 ɤɝ.

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɟ, ɧɚɦɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ

ɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧ.

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ – ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ ɄɉȻɄ (ɤɚ-

ɛɟɥɶ, ɩɨɥɢɷɬɢɥɟɧɨɜɚɹ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ, ɛɪɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ, ɤɪɭɝɥɵɣ) ɢɥɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ –

ɄɉȻɉ (ɪɢɫ. 140), ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɫ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ

ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ (ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ

ɦɭɮɬɨɣ).

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɠɢɥ, ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹ-

ɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɭ; ɩɨɞɭɲɤɢ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɪɟɡɢɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɢ ɛɪɨɧɢ. Ɍɪɢ ɢɡɨɥɢ-

ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɥɵ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɫɤɪɭɱɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɚ ɠɢɥɵ

ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɹɞ.

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɄɎɋȻ ɫ ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫ-

ɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɞɨ +160 Ûɋ.

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɭɮɬɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ

Ʉ38 (Ʉ46) ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ȼ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɦɭɮɬɵ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨ

ɡɚɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɥɵ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɡɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ

ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɹ.

215

Ʉ ɬɨɤɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɠɢɥɚɦ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɲɬɟɩɫɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɱɧɢɤɢ.

Ʉɪɭɝɥɵɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɬ 25 ɞɨ 44 ɦɦ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɝɨ

ɤɚɛɟɥɹ – ɨɬ 10,1 × 25,7 ɞɨ 19,7 × 52,3 ɦɦ. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ

ɞɥɢɧɚ – 850, 1000…1800 ɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 140. Ʉɚɛɟɥɢ:

ɚ – ɤɪɭɝɥɵɣ; ɛ – ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ; 1 – ɠɢɥɚ; 2 – ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ; 3 – ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ;

4 – ɩɨɞɭɲɤɚ; 5 – ɛɪɨɧɹ

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɒȽɋ5805 ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ

ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ

ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɢ

ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ, ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ-

ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɜɵɲɟ 10 % ɢɥɢ ɧɢɠɟ 15 % ɨɬ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ,

ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɭɸ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɭɸ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ

ɨɛ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ (ɜ

ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ).

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ

ɄɌɉɉɇ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨ-

ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢɡ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ

16…125 ɤȼɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 6 ɢɥɢ 10 ɤȼ,

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 1208 ɞɨ 444 ȼ (ɬɪɚɧɫ-

ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ ɌɆɉɇ100) ɢ ɨɬ 2406 ɞɨ 1652 ȼ (ɌɆɉɇ160). Ɇɚɫɫɚ

ɫ ɬɪɚɧɫ-

ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɦ – 2705 ɤɝ.

216

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɄɌɉɉɇɄɋ ɩɪɟɞɧɚ-

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨ-

ɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ 16y125 ɤȼɬ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ

ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɤɭɫɬɚɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɚɧ-

ɤɨɜ-ɤɚɱɚɥɨɤ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ-

ɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɄɌɉɉɇɄɋ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Ʉɪɚɣɧɟɝɨ

ɋɟɜɟɪɚ ɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ

ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɧɚɫɨɫ, ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɟ, ɞɜɢ-

ɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ,

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ.

20.2. Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɣ ɪɩɞɫɮɡɨɶɰ ɝɣɨɭɩɝɶɰ ɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɛɬɩɬɩɝ

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ

ɍɗȼɇ5 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɚɱɤɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ (ɞɨ 1  10

/ɫ) ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ 70 ºɋ, ɫ

ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,4 ɝ/ɥ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ

ɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ – ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 % ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚ (ɪɢɫ. 141)

ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬ-

ɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨɤɨɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɫ ɦɭɮɬɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɜɨɞɚ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɭɫ-

ɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɫ ɩɨɞɚɱɚɦɢ 63, 100 ɢ 200 ɦ

/ɫɭɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɳɟ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ, ɬɚɤ

ɤɚɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ-

ɧɢɟ 700 ɢ 1000 ȼ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɤɨ-

ɥɨɧɧɵ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ 146 ɦɦ.

ɋ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɪɟɯ

ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹɯ:

ɞɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 30 ºɋ (Ⱥ);

ɞɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 30…50 ºɋ (Ȼ);

ɞɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 50…70 ºɋ (ȼ, Ƚ).

ȼ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɟ-

ɦɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɜɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɛɭɤɜɵ: Ⱥ, Ȼ ɢ ȼ (Ƚ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɍɗȼɇ5-16-1200Ⱥ

ɢɥɢ ɍɗȼɇ5-200-900ȼ.

ȼɫɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɦɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɉɗȾ ɫ

ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ 1Ƚ51.

ɉɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡ-

ɧɵɣ, ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ, ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ, ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ, ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ,

ɦɚɫɥɨɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ

ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɫɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ

ɤɨɧɰɨɦ ɜɚɥɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɜɟɪɯ.

217

Ɋɢɫ. 141. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɞɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɚ:

1 – ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ; 2 – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ; 3 – ɩɨɹɫ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɣ;

4 – ɇɄɌ; 5 – ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ; 6 – ɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɜɨɞ;

7 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ

Ƚɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɹ

ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ

ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɢɞɪɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɧɚ

ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ.

ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɫɥɨɦ

ɞɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɨɬ 16 ɞɨ 200 ɦ

/ɫɭɬ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

9…12 Ɇɉɚ; ɄɉȾ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 38–50 %; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ – 5,5, 22 ɢ 32 ɤȼɬ; ɦɚɫɫɚ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ –

341…713 ɤɝ; ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ – 1500 ɦɢɧ

–1

20.3. Ɏɬɭɛɨɩɝɥɣ ɪɩɞɫɮɡɨɶɰ ɟɣɛɯɫɛɞɧɠɨɨɶɰ ɸɦɠɥɭɫɩɨɛɬɩɬɩɝ

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɍɗȾɇ5

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɞɟɛɢɬɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬ-

ɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɫɤɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɪɢ-

ɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɜɨɥɚɦɢ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɨ-

ɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 121,7 ɦɦ.

218

ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢ-

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ – 0,2 %

(2 ɝ/ɥ); ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ

ɧɚɫɨɫɚ – 10 %; ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɪɇ = 6,0…8,5;

ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ – 0,001 % (0,01 ɝ/ɥ).

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɬɢɩɚ ɍɗȾɇ5 ɜ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟ-

ɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫɨɦ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ 45 °ɋ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ 350 ȼ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɬɨɤɚ 50 Ƚɰ

ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 37. ɉɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫ ɨɩɭɫɤɚ-

ɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ (ȽɈɋɌ 633–80) ɭɫ-

ɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 42, 48 ɢɥɢ 60 ɦɦ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 37

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɍɗȾɇ5

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ

ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤ-

ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ

Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ

ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ

Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

(ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪ)

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ, ɦ

ɫɭɬ,

ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ

(ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ

)

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɌ,

ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ

ɄɉȾ, %,

ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ

ɉɨɞɩɨɪ, ɦ,

ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ

Ɍɨɤ, Ⱥ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ

Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ

(ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ

)

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ, ɦ

/ɫɭɬ,

ɍɗȾɇ5-4-1700 4 17 (170) 2,20 35 10 9

3…17

(30…170)

6…4

ɍɗȾɇ5-6,3-1300 6,3 13 (130) 2,45 38 10 9

3…13

(30…130)

8…6,5

ɍɗȾɇ5-8-1100 8 11 (110) 2,60 38 10 9,2

3…11

(30…130)

10…8

ɍɗȾɇ5-10-1000 10 10 (100) 2,80 40 10 9,5

3…10

(30…100)

11…10

ɍɗȾɇ5-12,5-800 12,5 8 (80) 2,85 40 15 9,6

3…8

(30…80)

14…12

ɍɗȾɇ5-16-650 16 6,5 (65) 2,85 40 20 9,6

3…6.5

(30…65)

17…16

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ:

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɥɨɬ-

ɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1000 ɤɝ/ɦ

, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ 45qɋ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɬɢ 380 ȼ ɢ

ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ 50 Ƚɰ.

ɗɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɦ

ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ.

ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ: ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ ɢɦ. ɋɚɪɞɚɪɨɜɚ, ɝ. Ȼɚɤɭ.

219

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫ (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 142 ɧɚɫɨɫ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɨɪ-

ɩɭɫɟ) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɤɨ-

ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɫ ɷɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɢ

ɩɪɭɠɢɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ. Ɇɭɮɬɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɤɨɜ-

ɜɨɞɨɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 142. ɉɨɝɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɫɨɫ:

1 – ɬɨɤɨɜɜɨɞ; 2 – ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ; 3 – ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ;

4 – ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚ; 5 – ɩɪɭɠɢɧɚ; 6 – ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ; 7 – ɷɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɤɨɜɵɣ

ɩɪɢɜɨɞ; 8 – ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ; 9 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ; 10 – ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ: ɩɨɞɚɱɭ – ɨɬ 4 ɞɨ 16 ɦ

; ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – 6,5…17 Ɇɉɚ;

ɄɉȾ 35–40 %; ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ – 2,2

…2,85 ɤȼɬ; ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɪɚ-

ɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ – 1500 ɦɢɧ

–1

; ɦɚɫɫɭ – ɨɬ 1377 ɞɨ 2715 ɤɝ.

20.4. Ȼɫɧɛɭɮɫɛ ɮɬɭɷɠɝɛɺ

Ⱦɥɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ-

ɝɪɭɠɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ, ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚ-

ɫɨɫɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɭɸ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɭ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥɍɗ-65/50-14 ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɟ

ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ Ɉɍɗ-65/50-14. Ⱥɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥɍɗ-65/ 50-14 ɫɨɫɬɨ-

ɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ, ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ, ɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢ-

ɤɨɦ, ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɟɣ, ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɫɛɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢ-

ɧɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 143).

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

, Ɇɉɚ ................................................................................14

Ɍɢɩ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ:

ɫɬɜɨɥɚ.............................................................................ɤɪɚɧ ɩɪɨɛɤɨɜɵɣ

ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɜɨɞɨɜ.......................................................... ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ ......................................................................3452 × 770 × 1220

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ ......................................................................................................200

220

Ɋɢɫ. 143. ɍɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥɍɗ:

1 – ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ; 2 – ɦɚɧɠɟɬɚ; 3 – ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ;

4 – ɩɪɨɛɤɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ; 5 – ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ; 6 – ɡɚɠɢɦɧɚɹ ɝɚɣɤɚ;

7 – ɬɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ; 8 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ; 9, 12, 13 – ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ;

10 – ɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɛ; 11 – ɛɵɫɬɪɨɫɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ

20.5. Ʌɩɧɪɦɠɥɬ ɩɜɩɫɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɺ ɭɣɪɛ ɅɉɌ ɣ ɅɉɌ1

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɩɪɢ

ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ

ɩɨɥɭɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ, ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɝɪɭɠ-

ɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨ-

ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɭɲɟɧɢɹ.

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɄɈɋ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ ɉȾ-əȽ ɢɥɢ 2ɉȾ-əȽ, ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢ-

ɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɬɢɩɚ

ɁɊɄ ɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ-ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɄȺɋ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɬɢɩɚ

ɁɇɐȻ.

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɄɈɋ1 (ɪɢɫ. 144) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɛɭɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ ɫ

ɯɥɨɩɭɲɟɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɚ 1ɉȾ-əȽɊ ɢ ɫɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ-

ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɢɥɶɮɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɄȺɋ1, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɚɤɟɪ, ɝɢɞɪɚɜ-

ɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɤɪɚɬɚ ȾȽ.

ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɦɨɧ-

ɬɚɠɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɫɬɟɧɞ ɞɥɹ

ɡɚɪɹɞɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ-

ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɟɣ.