Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

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ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɝɚɡɚ

2, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɮɥɚɧɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɫɨ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɨɦ ɜɵɯɨ-

ɞɚ ɝɚɡɚ 11, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɞɧɢɳɟ. ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨ

ɨɬɫɟɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ 4, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ-

ɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɨɬɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ. ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɨɬɫɟɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ 6

ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜɨɞɵ.

ɉɨɞɨɝɪɟɬɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɚɹ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ 1 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟ-

ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ. ɉɪɢ

ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡ ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɝɚɡɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ

ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ɉɬɞɟɥɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɝɚɡ

ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ 11 ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ

ɜ ɫɟ-

ɩɚɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɟɤɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɦɟɠɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ

ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɩɨɩɥɚɜɤɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɡɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɸɤ 9. Ⱦɟɝɚɡɢɪɨ-

ɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɢɡ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ 8,

ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɟɤɟ. ɇɚɞ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟ-

ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ 7. ɂɡ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɪɨɛɱɚɬɵɟ

ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɪɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ

ɢɯ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɨ-

ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɧɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɣɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ

ɨɬɫɟɤɟ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɸ ɤɨɪɨɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛ-

ɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.

Ɉɛɟɡɜɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ 4, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨ-

ɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ, ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ 5 ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ

ɢɡ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ. Ɉɬɞɟɥɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ

ɨɬ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ

ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ 6 ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɩɥɚɜɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ

ɦɟɠɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ

ɫɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɞ.

Ɉɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ ɈȽ-200ɋ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-

ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «ɧɟɮɬɶ – ɝɚɡ» ɢ «ɧɟɮɬɶ – ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ

ɜɨɞɚ» ɜ ɨɬɫɟɤɚɯ, ɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɚɩɩɚ-

ɪɚɬɟ, ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «ɧɟɮɬɶ – ɝɚɡ» ɢ «ɧɟɮɬɶ – ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ».

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɈȽ-200ɋ

ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɬ/ɫɭɬ................. 4000…8000

Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ........................................................ɧɟɮɬɶ, ɝɚɡ, ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ

Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ ...............................................................................0,6

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ, °ɋ ......................................................................... ɞɨ 100

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɦ

.....................................................................................200

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ:....................................................................................................

ɞɥɢɧɚ...............................................................................................25 420

ɲɢɪɢɧɚ...............................................................................................6660

ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ................................................................................................5780

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ .................................................................................................48 105

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Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɢ ɈȼȾ-200 ɢ ɈȻɇ-3000/6 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ

ɞɥɹ ɨɬɫɬɨɹ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ-

ɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɧɟɮɬɶ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ. ȼ ɲɢɮɪɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɨ-

ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɈȼȾ – ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ ɫ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ; 200 – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɟɦ-

ɤɨɫɬɢ (ɜ ɦ

); ɈȻɇ – ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ ɛɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɨɣ; ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟ –

ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ (ɜ ɦ

/ɫɭɬ); ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɟ –

ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ.

Ɉɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ ɈȼȾ-200 (ɪɢɫ. 104) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ

ɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 3400 ɦɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 104. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɈȼȾ-200

Ɉɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ 2, ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɦɢ

ɧɟɮɬɢ 1 ɢ ɜɨɞɵ 4, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɝɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ (ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ) ɫ ɱɟɬɵɪɶɦɹ

ɬɪɭɛɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ. ɉɨ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɪɭɛ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɨ-

ɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ V-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɬɛɨɣɧɵɟ

ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ 3. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɝɪɹɡɢ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪ-

ɧɨɦɭ ɨɬɜɨɞɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɬɛɨɣɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ

ɞɥɹ ɝɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɣ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ, ɪɚɜ-

ɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ

ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ɜɨɞɵ.

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɬɨɟ ɢ

ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɞɪɟɧɚɠɧɨɣ

ɜɨɞɵ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ

ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɥɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸ-

ɳɟɦ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɚɥɟɫɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɈȼȾ-200

ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɵɪɶɸ, ɦ

/ɫɭɬ............................... 4000…8000

Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ..................................................... ɧɟɮɬɶ (ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ), ɜɨɞɚ

Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ ...............................................................................0,6

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɵ, °ɋ ......................................................................... ɞɨ 100

Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɮɬɢ, %: ................................................................................

ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ............................................................................................ɞɨ 30

ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ.....................................................................................0,2…0,5

163

ȼɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ, ɦɦ

/ɫ, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ............................................................10

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɦ

.....................................................................................200

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ .................................................................................................34 950

Ɉɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤ ɈȻɇ-3000/6 (ɪɢɫ. 105) ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɨɪɢ-

ɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 3400 ɦɦ. Ɉɧ

ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ 3, ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ 1 ɢ ɜɨɞɵ 5, ɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ 4, ɜɵɜɨɞɚ

ɧɟɮɬɢ 2 ɢ ɜɨɞɵ 6. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ – ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ-

ɥɹ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɟɪɮɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜ

, ɪɚɫ-

ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɜɞɨɥɶ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɤ ɨɫɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɦ-

ɤɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɫɬɨɟ

ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ ɧɚ

ɧɟɮɬɶ ɢ ɜɨɞɭ.

Ɋɢɫ. 105. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɈȻɇ-3000/6

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚ ɈȻɇ-3000/6

Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ, ɦ

.....................................................................................200

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ ..................................................................................................34000

Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ...............................................................ɧɟɮɬɶ, ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɞɚ

ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦ

/ɫɭɬ ................................................ 3000…6000

Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɵɪɶɹ, %, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ .............................................................30

Ɉɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ, %, ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ .......................................0,5

164

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɡɜɨɠɢɜɚ-

ɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɫɨɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ.

ȼ ɲɢɮɪɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɗȽ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚ-

ɬɨɪ; ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦ

; ɜɬɨɪɨɟ – ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ.

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɥɶ-

ɧɭɸ, ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 3400 ɦɦ. Ɉɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ, ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɮɨ-

ɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ.

Ɋɢɫ. 106. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪ ɗȽ-200-10

ɗɬɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɬɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɚɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɈȻȾ-200. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɬ-

ɫɬɨɣɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪ ɗȽ-200-10 ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ –

ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ, ɤɭɞɚ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ

ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ

ɧɚ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. ɉɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬ-

ɜɢɟɦ ɫɢɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ

ɝɥɨɛɭɥɵ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ

ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɭɸ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟ-

ɧɢɸ ɷɦɭɥɶɫɢɣ. Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟ-

ɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 28.

165

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 28

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɟɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɪɵ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ

1ɗȽ-160 2ɗȽ-160 ɗȽ-200-10

ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ

ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɬ/ɫɭɬ

2000 –

8000

3000 –

9300

5000 –

11500

Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, qɋ

ɞɨ 110 ɞɨ 110 ɞɨ 110

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ,

ɤȼȺ

50 50 150

ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚɦɢ, ɤȼ ɞɨ 44 ɞɨ 44 ɞɨ 50

ȼɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɦ

160 160 200

16.6. ȼɦɩɥɣ ɟɩɢɣɫɩɝɛɨɣɺ ɰɣɧɫɠɛɞɠɨɭɩɝ

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬ-

ɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ (ɞɟɷɦɭɥɶɝɚɬɨɪɨɜ,

ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ, ɫɨɥɟɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) ȻɊ-2,5; ȻɊ-10; ȻɊ-25; ɇȾɍ;

ɍȾɋ; ɍȾɗ; ɍȾɉȼ. ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ

ɜɜɨɞɚ ɠɢɞɤɢɯ ɞɟɷɦɭɥɶɝɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ

ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ

ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ

ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ.

ȼɫɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ȻɊ-2,5 ɢ ȻɊ-10 (ɪɢɫ. 107) ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɨ

ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɞɤɟ 1, ɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɦɟ-ɫɚɧɹɯ 2.

Ȼɭɞɤɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɨɣ 4 ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɨɬɫɟɤɚ (ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɵɣ).

ȼ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɫɟɤɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ 8,

ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ 5, ɲɟɫɬɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ 7 ɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ 6

ɧɚ-

ɫɨɫɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ 3.

ɉɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ

ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ȻɊ-25 ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 107. Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ ȻɊ-2,5 ɢ ȻɊ-10

166

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ȻɊ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 29.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 29

Ȼɥɨɤ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɯɢɦɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ

ȻɊ-2,5 ȻɊ-10 ȻɊ-25

Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɞɨɡɵ, ɝ/ɬ 10…50 10…50 10…50

ȼɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, Ɇɉɚɫ

ɞɨ 1000 ɞɨ 850 ɞɨ 850

ɉɨɞɚɱɚ ɞɨɡɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɥ/ɱ 2,5 10 25

Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, Ɇɉɚ

10 10 4

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɞɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, qɋ

50…60 20…60 20…60

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, qɋ

–40…+50 –40…+50 –40…+50

Ɂɚɩɚɫ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɟɧɬɚ, ɫɭɬ 15 30 2…10

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ

3360 u 2300 u

u 2725 u 300

3770 u 2250 u

u 3090

3770 u 2400 u

u 2680 u 4500

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ 3000 3090 4500

16.7. Ɉɠɯɭɺɨɶɠ ɫɠɢɠɫɝɮɛɫɶ

ɇɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ (ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ,

ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ «ɫɵɪɨɣ» ɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ.

Ƚɪɭɩɩɭ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ, ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɟɪ-

ɜɭɚɪɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɤɨɦ.

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɋɇɢɉ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɵɪɶɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟ-

ɧɟɟ ɩɹɬɢɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚ-

ɪɨɜ – ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɞɜɭɯɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ. ɇɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ

ɫɬɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ 100…20 000 ɦ

ɢ ɪɟɠɟ –

ɠɟɥɟɡɨɛɟɬɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨ 100 000 ɦ

ɇɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɫɬɪɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɝɨɪɚɟɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɡɟɦ-

ɧɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ.

ɋɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɚɸɬ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɥ-

ɳɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɢɯ

ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɨɬ 4 ɞɨ 10 ɦɦ. ɉɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ (ɫɜɚɪɤɚ) ɥɢɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɚɥɶ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ 4 ɦɦ

ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɩɨ-

ɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɦ, ɬɟɥɟɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɜɫɬɵɤ.

ɋɬɟɧɤɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬ-

ɜɢɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ ɫɬɨɥɛɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ-

ɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɫɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ

, ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ

ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ

ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ɋ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ:

ghP 

167

Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ:

ɞɨɩ



ɝɞɟ h – ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ, ɦɦ; ȡ – ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɤɝ/ɦ

; g – ɭɫɤɨ-

ɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ, ɦ/ɫ

; D – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ; ı

ɞɨɩ

– ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ

ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟɧɢɟ.

Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɭ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɞɧɢɳ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ

ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5 ɦɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɝɢɞɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɦ.

Ʉɪɵɲɤɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɧɟ

ɛɨɥɟɟ 2,5 ɦɦ. Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ: ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɥɨɫɤɢɟ.

ɇɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɫ

ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɚɦɢ.

Ʉɪɵɲɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɹɯ

(ɮɟɪɦɚɯ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ

ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ.

Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ

ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ, ɜ ɱɚ-

ɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ: 1) ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ; 2) ɡɚɦɟɪ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ

ɧɟɮɬɢ; 3) ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɛ ɧɟɮɬɢ; 4) ɡɚɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬ

ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ; 5) ɨɬɫɬɨɣ

ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ; 6) ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪ-

ɜɭɚɪɟ ɜ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ.

ɇɚ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɯ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ-

ɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 108.

Ɋɢɫ. 108. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ:

1 – ɩɪɢɟɦɨ-ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɢ; 2 – ɡɚɯɥɨɩɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɹ;

3 – ɩɪɢɟɦɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ; 4 – ɡɚɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɥɸɤ; 5 – ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɸɤ; 6 – ɥɸɤ-ɥɚɡ; 7 – ɫɢɮɨɧ;

8 – ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ; 9 – ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɢɺɦɨ-ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɛɥɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ

168

150…700 ɦɦ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɢɯ – ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0,5…2,5 ɦ/ɫ,

ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ.

Ɂɚɯɥɨɩɤɚ 2 ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɬɟɱɟɤ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢɡ

ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɟɤ.

ɉɨɞɴɺɦɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ 3 ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟ-

ɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ.

Ɂɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɥɸɤ 4 ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ

ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ

ɩɨɞɬɨɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɛ ɩɪɨɛɨɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɦ.

Ɂɚɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɥɸɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɟ, ɜɜɚɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶ-

ɧɨ ɜ ɤɪɵɲɭ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ. Ʉɪɵɲɤɚ ɡɚɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɸɤɚ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɧɨɝɨ, ɨɬɤɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɬɚ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɡɚ-

ɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɥɸɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɭɫɤɚ-

ɸɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɡɚɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɥɟɧɬɭ ɫ ɥɨɬɨɦ

Ʉɨɥɨɞɤɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɦɟɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚ-

ɬɢɬɶ ɢɫɤɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

ɋɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɥɸɤ 5 – ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ

ɡɚɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ, ɪɟɦɨɧɬɨɦ. Ʌɸɤ-ɥɚɡ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ,

ɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɞɨɫɩɭɫɤɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨ-

ɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɮɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɛɨɪɚ ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.

ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɤɨɥɟɧɚ ɫɢɮɨɧɚ

h ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ

ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɬ ɫɬɨɥɛɨɜ ɜɨɞɵ

h ɢ ɧɟɮɬɢ

h ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚ-

ɪɟ, ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:



ghghh  

ɜcɜɜɧɧ

ɨɬɫɸɞɚ

ɧɧ

h 



Ⱦɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ 8 ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨ-

ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɫ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɜ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ

ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡ-

ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɟɪ-

ɜɭɚɪɚ. Ⱦɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɚ-

ɤɭɭɦ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ: Ɋ

ɢɡɛ

= 20 ɦɦ ɜɨɞ. ɫɬ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ

ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɪɨɜɥɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɥɢɫ-

ɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ 2,5 ɦɦ, ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɨɣ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ. Ɇɚɫɫɚ 1 ɦ

ɤɪɵɲɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 20 ɤɝ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ,

ɤɪɵɲɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɧɟ ɛɭ-

ɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɣ ɤɪɵɲɢ (ɪɢɫ. 109).

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ 2 ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɢ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɝɚɡ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ 1 ɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ

169

ȼɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɢ ɫɟɞɥɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɡ

ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɜ ɡɚɜɢ-

ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 109. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ:

1 – ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɚ; 2 – ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ; 3 – ɮɥɚɧɟɰ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ

ɧɚ ɨɝɧɟɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɟ

Ⱦɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨ-

ɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚ-

ɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɡɢɦɧɟɟ

ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨ-

ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɥɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɜɥɚɝɚ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ

ɬɚɪɟɥɤɚɯ ɢ ɫɟɞɥɚɯ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ

ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɸ. ɗɬɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɫ-

ɬɚɬɨɤ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɦɟɪɡɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ

ɮɬɨɪɨɩɥɚɫɬɨɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡ-

ɤɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɶ.

Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ 9 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ

ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɚ ɜ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ

ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟ-

ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ

ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ɉɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ

ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ, ɱɟɦ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ: ɧɚ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɟ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ 60 ɦɦ ɜɨɞ. ɫɬ. ɢ ɪɚɡɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ – 40 ɦɦ ɜɨɞ. ɫɬ. ȿɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-

ɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 110.

ɉɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɡɚɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɸɳɢɦɢ, ɧɟɢɫɩɚ-

ɪɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɢ ɦɚɥɨɜɹɡɤɢɦɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɹɦɢ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ

, ɷɬɢ-

ɥɟɧɝɥɢɤɨɥɟɦ ɢ ɞɪ. ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɬɜɨɪ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ

ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɚɪɛɨɬɚɠ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɟɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɝɚɡɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɦ

ɢɥɢ «ɜɞɨɯ» ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ.

170

ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨ-

ɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ

ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɤɚɪɦɚɧɚ. Ɉɝɧɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚ-

ɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ

ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ

ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ

ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɱɟ-

ɪɟɡ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ.

Ɋɢɫ. 110. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɝɧɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ,

ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɦɹ, ɩɨɩɚɞɚɹ ɜ ɨɝɧɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ

ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɞɪɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ

ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢ-

ɬɟɥɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɨɬɞɚɱɚ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ, ɢ ɩɥɚ-

ɦɹ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɟɬ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɸ ɨɝɧɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ

ɥɟɧɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɫɫɟɬɚ

ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɡ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ

ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹ.

Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɵ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɪɢɫ. 111)

ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɬɢ, ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɧɬɨɧɨɦ ɢ ɛɟɡ

ɩɨɧɬɨɧɚ.