Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

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191

ɍɒɋɇ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ:

ɚ) ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɫɬɚɧɨɤ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɚ (ɋɄ), ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɭɫɬɶɹ, ɛɥɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ;

ɛ) ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ

(ɇɄɌ), ɲɬɚɧɝɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ (ɒɇ), ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ (ɒɋɇ) ɢ

ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɭɥɭɱɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɨɫ-

ɥɨɠɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɮɢɥɶɬɪ, ɝɚɡɨɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɞɪ.).

ɒɬɚɧɝɨɜɚɹ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 123) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ

2 ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ

ɲɬɚɧɝ 4, ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ 3, ɩɨɞɜɟɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɲɚɣɛɟ

ɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɟ 8 ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ, ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ

6, ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɬɨɤɚ 7, ɫɬɚɧɤɚ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɢ 9, ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ 10 ɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɚ 5.

ɇɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɫɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ 1

19.1. Ɍɭɛɨɥɣ-ɥɛɲɛɦɥɣ

ɋɬɚɧɨɤ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 124) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɢ – ɪɚɦɚ, ɫɬɨɣɤɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɫɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɟ-

ɬɵɪɟɯɝɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵ, ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪ ɫ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɣ, ɬɪɚɜɟɪɫɚ ɫ

ɲɚɬɭɧɚɦɢ, ɲɚɪɧɢɪɧɨ-ɩɨɞɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɭ, ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ ɫ ɤɪɢɜɨɲɢ-

ɩɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫɚɦɢ. ɋɄ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɫɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɤɢɜɨɜ ɞɥɹ

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɤɚɱɚɧɢɣ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ

. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɵɫɬ-

ɪɨɣ ɫɦɟɧɵ ɢ ɧɚɬɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɦɧɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ

ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɚɥɚɡɤɟ.

Ɇɨɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɤ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɦɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɟɡɨ-

ɛɟɬɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ). Ɏɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɦ

(ɤɪɚɣɧɟɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ) ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɨɪ-

ɦɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɚɛɚɧɚ (ɲɤɢɜɚ). Ƚɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ ɨɬɤɢɞɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ

ɞɥɹ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɚ ɫɩɭɫɤɨ-ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɨɝɨ

ɨɛɨ-

ɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɛɚ-

ɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɞɭɝɟ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɵɦ

ɲɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɲɬɚɧɝɚɦɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɛɤɚɹ ɤɚɧɚɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ 17 (ɪɢɫ. 124).

Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɭ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɞɥɹ

ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ ɨ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ

ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ ɢɡ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ, ɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɨɝɪɚɮ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-

ɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ⱥɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ (ɞɥɢɧɚ ɯɨɞɚ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ

ɲɬɨɤɚ 7 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 123) ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɨɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɹ

ɤɪɢɜɨɲɢɩɚ ɲɚɬɭɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ (ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɚɥɶɰɚ

192

ɤɪɢɜɨɲɢɩɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ). Ɂɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɯɨɞ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡ-

ɤɚ ɧɚ ɋɄ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɚɧɤɚ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɢ

ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɝɪɭɡɵ (ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫɵ) ɧɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪ, ɤɪɢɜɨɲɢɩ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪ

ɢ ɤɪɢɜɨɲɢɩ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɛɚɥɚɧ-

ɫɢɪɧɵɦ, ɤɪɢɜɨɲɢɩɧɵɦ (ɪɨɬɨɪɧɵɦ) ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 124. ɋɬɚɧɨɤ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɋɄȾ:

1 – ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɲɬɨɤɚ; 2 – ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ; 3 – ɫɬɨɣɤɚ; 4 – ɲɚɬɭɧ;

5 – ɤɪɢɜɨɲɢɩ; 6 – ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ; 7 – ɜɟɞɨɦɵɣ ɲɤɢɜ; 8 – ɪɟɦɟɧɶ; 9 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ;

10 – ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɲɤɢɜ; 11 – ɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ; 12 – ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɧɚɹ ɩɥɢɬɚ; 13 – ɪɚɦɚ;

14 – ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫ; 15 – ɬɪɚɜɟɪɫɚ; 16 – ɬɨɪɦɨɡ; 17 – ɤɚɧɚɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ

193

Ȼɥɨɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɋɄ ɜ

ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ (ɨɛɪɵɜ ɲɬɚɧɝ, ɩɨɥɨɦɤɢ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ, ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɩɨɪɵɜ

ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɋɄ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ.

Ⱦɨɥɝɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɬɚɧɤɢ-

ɤɚɱɚɥɤɢ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɋɄ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨ ɈɋɌ 26-16-08–87 ɜɵ-

ɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɤɨɜ-ɤɚɱɚɥɨɤ ɬɢɩɚ ɋɄȾ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 34.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 34

ɋɬɚɧɨɤ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɚ ɑɢɫɥɨ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ, ɦɢɧ Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ Ɋɟɞɭɤɬɨɪ

ɋɄȾ3-1,5-710 5…15 3270 ɐ2ɇɒ-315

ɋɄȾ4-21-1400 5…15 6230 ɐ2ɇɒ-355

ɋɄȾ6-25-2800 5…14 7620 ɐ2ɇɒ-450

ɋɄȾ8-3,0-4000 5…14 11600 ɇɒ-700Ȼ

ɋɄȾ10-3,5-5600 5…12 12170 ɐ2ɇɒ-560

ɋɄȾ12 –3,0-5600 5…12 12065 ɐ2ɇɒ-560

ȼ ɲɢɮɪɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɋɄȾ8-3,0-4000, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ: Ⱦ – ɞɟɡɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ;

8 – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ P

max

ɧɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ

ɩɨɞɜɟɫɚ ɲɬɚɧɝ, ɬ; 3,0 – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɯɨɞɚ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɲɬɨɤɚ, ɦ;

4000 – ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ M

ɤɪ. max

ɧɚ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɦ

ɜɚɥɭ ɪɟɞɭɤɬɨɪɚ, ɜ ɤɝɫɦ (1 ɤɝɫɦ = 10

2

ɤɇ·ɦ).

ȺɈ «Ɇɨɬɨɜɢɥɢɯɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɨɞɵ» ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚ-

ɫɨɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ Ʌɉ-114.00.000, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫɨ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɉɈ «ɋɭɪɝɭɬɧɟɮɬɟɝɚɡ».

Ɇɨɧɨɛɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ

ɟɝɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɭɸ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ (ɞɚɠɟ ɜɟɪɬɨɥɟɬɨɦ) ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɛɟɡ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ

(ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɮɥɚɧɰɟ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ) ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ-

ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɢ ɩɪɨ

ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɫɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ

ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛ-

ɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɝɨ

ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɇɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɲɬɨɤ, ɤɇ (ɬɫ) ......................................................................60 (6)

Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɯɨɞɚ, ɦ ......................................................................................1,2…2,5

ɑɢɫɥɨ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ...............................................................1…7

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤȼɬ ...........................................................................................18,5

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ, ɤɝ

.....................................................................................1800

ɋɬɚɧɤɢ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ

ɩɧɟɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ (ɢɥɢ ɝɭɫɟɧɢɱɧɨɦ) ɯɨɞɭ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ – ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɤ-

ɤɚɱɚɥɤɚ «ɊɈɍȾɊȺɇȿɊ» ɮɢɪɦɵ «ɅȺɎɄɂɇ».

194

19.2. Ɏɬɭɷɠɝɩɠ ɩɜɩɫɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɠ

ɍɫɬɶɟɜɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɇɄɌ, ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢ-

ɧɵ, ɩɨɞɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɇɄɌ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ.

ȼ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɜ ɡɚ-

ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɨɞɜɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɟ ɩɥɚɧɲɚɣɛɵ

ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɧɨɣ

ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɟ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɲɬɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤ

ɬɢɩɚ ɋɍɋ1 ɢɥɢ ɋɍɋ2 (ɪɢɫ. 125).

Ⱥɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥɍɒ-65/50ɯ14 ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɬ-

ɪɭɛɤɚ ɫ ɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɛ, ɭɝɥɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɟɣ, ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤɧɨɝɨ,

ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 126).

Ɍɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɞɜɚ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫ-

ɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɟɫɭɳɢɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ

ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɫɨ-

ɫɨɦ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɢ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ. Ʉɨɪɩɭɫ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ

ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ.

ɉɪɨɟɤɰɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ

ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ, ɚ ɫɛɪɨɫ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ

ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ.

Ɋɢɫ. 125. ɍɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɬɢɩɚ ɋɍɋ1:

1 – ɧɢɩɩɟɥɶ; 2 – ɧɚɤɢɞɧɚɹ ɝɚɣɤɚ; 3 – ɜɬɭɥɤɚ; 4 – ɲɚɪɨɜɚɹ ɤɪɵɲɤɚ;

5 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ; 6 – ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɜɬɭɥɤɚ; 7 – ɧɚɠɢɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ; 8, 10 – ɦɚɧɠɟɬɵ;

9 – ɲɚɪɨɜɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ; 11 – ɨɩɨɪɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ; 12 – ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɜɬɭɥɤɚ; 13 – ɤɨɥɶɰɨ;

14 – ɝɚɣɤɚ; 15 – ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤ; 16 – ɛɨɥɬ ɨɬɤɢɞɧɨɣ; 17 – ɩɚɥɟɰ

195

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ Ⱥɍɒ-65/50×14

Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɦ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɟ ɋɍɋ:

ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɤɟ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɟ ..........................................................4

ɩɪɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɤɟ-ɤɚɱɚɥɤɟ....................................................14

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ, ɦɦ:

ɫɬɜɨɥɚ.....................................................................................................65

ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ...................................................................................................50

ɉɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ........................................ɤɨɧɭɫɧɚɹ

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɢ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦɦ .........................................................................73

ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɡɶɛɚ (ȽɈɋɌ 632–80) .............................. Ɋɟɡɶɛɚ ɇɄɌ

Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ, ɦɦ...............................................................146

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ ......................................................................3452 × 770 × 1220

Ɇɚɫɫɚ, ɤɝ ......................................................................................................160

Ɋɢɫ. 126. ɍɫɬɶɟɜɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥɍɒ:

1 – ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ; 2 – ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɨɟ

ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ; 3 – ɬɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɤɚ; 4 – ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ;

5, 8 ɢ 9 – ɭɝɥɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ; 6 – ɨɬɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɛ; 7 – ɛɵɫɬɪɨɫɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ;

10 – ɩɟɪɟɩɭɫɤɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɨɤ; 11 – ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɶɰɨ

196

19.3. ɓɭɛɨɞɣ ɨɛɬɩɬɨɶɠ (ɓɈ)

ɒɇ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨ-ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢ-

ɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɭ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ (ɪɢɫ. 127). ɂɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɥɟ-

ɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 16, 19, 22, 25 ɦɦ, ɞɥɢ-

ɧɨɣ 8000 ɦɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ – 1000–1200, 1500, 2000 ɢ 3000 ɦɦ,

ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 127. ɇɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɲɬɚɧɝɚ

ɒɢɮɪ ɲɬɚɧɝ – ɒɇ-22 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ: ɲɬɚɧɝɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ

22 ɦɦ. Ɇɚɪɤɚ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ – ɫɬɚɥɶ 40, 20ɇ2Ɇ, 30ɏɆȺ, 15ɇɁɆȺ ɢ 15ɏ2ɇɆɎ

ɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɦ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɨɬ 320 ɞɨ 630 Ɇɉɚ.

ɇɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɲɬɚɧɝɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ

ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɧɝ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɭɮɬ.

Ɇɭɮɬɵ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ: ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ Ɇɒ

(ɪɢɫ. 128) – ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɵɟ

ɬɢɩɚ Ɇɒɉ – ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ I ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ II

ɚ ɛ

Ɋɢɫ. 128. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ: ɚ – ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ I; ɛ – ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ II

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɭɮɬɵ – Ɇɒ16, Ɇɒ19, Ɇɒ22,

Ɇɒ25; ɰɢɮɪɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɲɬɚɧɝɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɥɭ (ɦɦ).

ȺɈ «Ɉɱɟɪɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɜɨɞ» ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɲɬɚɧɝɢ

ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɨɫɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɦ

197

ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 80 ɤɝɫ/ɦɦ

. Ʉɨɧɰɵ (ɧɢɩɩɟɥɢ) ɲɬɚɧɝ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ-

ɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɟɣ. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɲɬɚɧɝ – 19, 22, 25 ɦɦ, ɞɥɢɧɚ – 8000…11000 ɦɦ.

ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ: ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɚ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɜ 3 ɪɚɡɚ, ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨ-

ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ 18…20 %, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨ-

ɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɟ

ɲɬɚɧɝɢ «Ʉɨɪɨɞ».

19.4. ɓɭɛɨɞɩɝɶɠ ɬɥɝɛɡɣɨɨɶɠ ɨɛɬɩɬɶ (ɓɌɈ)

ɒɋɇ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɠɢɞ-

ɤɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɜɨɞɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ – ɞɨ 99 %, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ – ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 130 qɋ, ɫɨ-

ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɟɪɨɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ – ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 ɦɝ/ɥ, ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ – ɧɟ

ɛɨɥɟɟ 10 ɝ/ɥ.

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ, ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɲɚɪɢɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɦɢ. ɇɚɫɨɫɵ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɧɚ

ɲɬɚɧɝɚɯ ɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 129).

Ɋɢɫ. 129. Ɍɢɩɵ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ

ɇȼ1 – ɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ;

ɇȼ2 – ɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɜɧɢɡɭ;

ɇɇ – ɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɛɟɡ ɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ;

ɇɇ1 – ɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɫ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɧɵɦ ɲɬɨɤɨɦ;

ɇɇ2 – ɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɫ ɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ.

198

ȼɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ:

ɚ) ɩɨ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɭ:

Ȼ – ɫ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ (ɛɟɡɜɬɭɥɨɱɧɵɦ) ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ;

ɋ – ɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɦ (ɜɬɭɥɨɱɧɵɦ) ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ;

ɛ) ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ:

Ɍ – ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ (ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɦ) ɲɬɨɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɧɚ-

ɥɭ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɵɯ ɲɬɚɧɝ;

Ⱥ – ɫɨ ɫɰɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɇɇ), ɨɛɟɫ-

ɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɲɬɚɧɝ ɫ

ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɨɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ;

Ⱦ1 – ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɟ, ɞɜɭɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɝɨ ɧɢɡɚ;

Ⱦ2 – ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɟ, ɞɜɭɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɟ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ-

ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ;

ɍ – ɫ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɇɇ2),

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɧɹɬɢɟ ɫ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.

ɇɚɫɨɫɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɪɨɦɟ Ⱦ1 ɢ Ⱦ2, – ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɟ, ɨɞ-

ɧɨɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɟ;

ɜ) ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ

ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ:

ɛɟɡ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ – ɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ

ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɞɨ 1,3 ɝ/ɥ – ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ;

ɂ – ɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ

1,3 ɝ/ɥ – ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ.

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɚɲɢ-

ɧɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɝɞɟ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ

ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɟɝ-

ɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɡɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ (ɧɚ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ) ɜ ɩɚɪɟ «ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ-ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪ» ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ

(ɬɚɛɥ. 35).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 35

Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɨɦ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ

ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ, ɦɦ

Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ

Ȼ ɋ

 0,045  0,045

1 0,01…0,07 0,02…0,07

2 0,06…0,12 0,07…0,12

3 0,11…0,17 0,12…0,17

ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɇɇ2ȻȺ-44-18-15-2,

ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɜɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɢɩ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ –

ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ, ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɞɜɟ ɰɢɮɪɵ – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ

(ɦɦ), ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ  ɞɥɢɧɭ ɯɨɞɚ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ (ɦɦ) ɢ ɧɚɩɨɪ (ɦ), ɭɦɟɧɶ-

ɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ 100 ɪɚɡ, ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɰɢɮɪɚ – ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ.

199

ɐɢɥɢɧɞɪɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɯ:

ɐȻ – ɰɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɟɡɜɬɭɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɣ;

ɐɋ – ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɜɬɭɥɨɤ, ɫɬɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɩɟɪɟ-

ɜɨɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ.

ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ,

ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɵ ɢ ɩɚɪɵ «ɫɟɞɥɨ-ɲɚɪɢɤ» ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ-

ɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

ɉɥɭɧɠɟɪɵ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɯ:

ɉɏ1 – ɫ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɚɦɢ, ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚ

ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɢ ɫ ɯɪɨɦɨɜɵɦ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɟɦ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ;

ɉɏ2 – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɛɟɡ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ;

ɉ111 – ɫ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɜɤɚɦɢ, ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɧɚ

ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɢ ɭɩɪɨɱɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɵɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɡ-

ɧɨɫɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɲɤɚ;

ɉ211 – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɛɟɡ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ.

ɉɚɪɵ «ɫɟɞɥɨ-ɲɚɪɢɤ» ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ

ɬɪɟɯ ɢɫ-

ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɯ:

Ʉ – ɫ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɟɞɥɨɦ ɢ ɲɚɪɢɤɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ;

ɄȻ – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɫ ɫɟɞɥɨɦ ɢ ɛɭɪɬɢɤɨɦ;

Ʉɂ – ɫ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɟɞɥɨɦ ɢɡ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɝɨ ɫɩɥɚɜɚ ɢ ɲɚɪɢɤɨɦ ɢɡ

ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ.

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ,

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ (ɞɨ 1,3 ɝ/ɥ

) ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬ

ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɉɏ1 ɢɥɢ ɉɏ2 ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ «ɫɟɞɥɨ-ɲɚɪɢɤ» ɢɫɩɨɥ-

ɧɟɧɢɹ Ʉ ɢɥɢ ɄȻ. ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɂ,

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ, ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ

ɛɨɥɟɟ 1,3 ɝ/ɥ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɫɟɣ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɬ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥ-

ɧɟɧɢɹ ɉ1ɂ ɢɥɢ ɉ2ɂ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ «ɫɟɞɥɨ-ɲɚɪɢɤ» ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ Ʉɂ.

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɫɟ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ,

ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ, ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɜ, ɡɚɦɤɚ (ɞɥɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ), ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ.

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɇȼ1 ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɯ:

ɇȼ1ɋ – ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɦ ɜɬɭɥɨɱɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧ-

ɞɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɐɋ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ;

ɇȼ1Ȼ – ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ, ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ (ɛɟɡɜɬɭɥɨɱɧɵɦ

) ɰɢ-

ɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɐȻ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ;

ɇȼ1Ȼ ɂ – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ;

ɇȼ1ȻɌ ɂ – ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɫ ɩɨɥɵɦ ɲɬɨɤɨɦ, ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ

ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ;

200

ɇȼ1ȻȾ1 – ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ, ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥ-

ɧɟɧɢɹ ɐȻ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ, ɞɜɭɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ;

ɇȼ1ȻȾ2 – ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɧɚɜɟɪɯɭ, ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥ-

ɧɟɧɢɹ ɐȻ, ɞɜɭɯɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ, ɞɜɭɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ.

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɇȼ1ȻȾ1

ɢ ɇȼ1ȻȾ

2, – ɨɞɧɨɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɟ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɟ.

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɇȼ2 ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ:

ɇȼ2Ȼ – ɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɦɤɨɦ ɜɧɢɡɭ, ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɐȻ,

ɨɞɧɨɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣ-

ɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɪɢɫ. 130).

Ɋɢɫ. 130. ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɇȼ2Ȼ:

1 – ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ; 2 – ɭɩɨɪ; 3 – ɲɬɨɤ; 4 – ɤɨɧɬɪɝɚɣɤɚ; 5 – ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ;

6 – ɤɥɟɬɤɚ ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɚ; 7 – ɩɥɭɧɠɟɪ; 8 – ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ;

9 – ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ; 10 – ɭɩɨɪɧɵɣ ɧɢɩɩɟɥɶ ɫ ɤɨɧɭɫɨɦ

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɇɇ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɣ:

ɇɇȻȺ – ɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ, ɛɟɡ ɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɐȻ, ɫɰɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ, ɨɞɧɨɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ,

ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ;

ɇɇȻȾ1 – ɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ, ɛɟɡ ɥɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥ-

ɧɟɧɢɹ ɐȻ, ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ, ɞɜɭɯɩɥɭɧɠɟɪɧɵɣ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ.

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɇɇ1 ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ

ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ:

ɇɇ1ɋ – ɧɟɜɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɫ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɧɵɦ ɲɬɨɤɨɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɨɦ

ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɐɋ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɟ.