Крец В, Г., Саруев Л.А. Нефтегазопромысловое оборудование

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35 – ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ; Ʉ1 – ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɣɤɨ-

ɫɬɢ (ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞ ɫ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɋɈ

ɞɨ 10 %).

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɤɨɪɹ: əȽ-118-21. ə – ɹɤɨɪɶ; Ƚ – ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ; 118 – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɹɤɨɪɹ, ɦɦ; 21 – ɪɚɛɨ-

ɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ.

ɉɚɤɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ-

ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɜɟɪɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɢɡ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɟ ɢ ɜɵ-

ɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɡɜɥɟ-

ɤɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ.

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ

ɬɪɭɛ ɨɬ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɫ ɩɚɤɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ

ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ ɬɢɩɚ ɊɄ, 3ɊɄ, 4ɊɄ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɞ ɩɚɤɟ-

ɪɨɦ. ȼ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɫ ɩɚɤɟɪɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢ-

ɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɚɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɤɚ, ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵ-

ɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɥɚɫɬ, ɚ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ

ɤɨɥɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ:

ɊɄ 89/145-80-350. ɊɄ – ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ; 89 – ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ,

ɦɦ; 145 – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɚɤɟɪɚ, ɦɦ; 80 – ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ, ɦɦ;

350 – ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ

18. ɉȼɉɋɎȿɉȽȻɈɃɀ ɏɉɈɍȻɈɈɖɐ ɌɅȽȻɁɃɈ

Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨ-

ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɧɟɞɪ,

ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɨɞ-

ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɟ (ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɟ) ɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɟ (ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɟ).

18.1. Ɉɛɢɠɧɨɩɠ ɩɜɩɫɮɟɩɝɛɨɣɠ

Ʉ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɭɸ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɦɚɧɢ-

ɮɨɥɶɞ. Ɏɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɭɸɬ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɚɡɨ-

ɜɵɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ. ȿɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ. Ɏɨɧɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɪ-

ɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 13846–89.

Ɏɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬ-

ɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ. ɗɬɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɲɢɮɪ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ.

Ɏɨɧɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɛɧɭɸ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɭ (ɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ

) ɢ ɮɨɧ-

ɬɚɧɧɭɸ ɟɥɤɭ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.

Ɍɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɚ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɉɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭɸ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɭ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ

ɞɜɭɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɦ (ɦɟɠɬɪɭɛɧɨɦ) ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ.

182

ɋɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɤɨɧɰɨɦ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ

ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ-ɬɪɭɛɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɧɭɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ

ɦɭɮɬɟ-ɬɪɭɛɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ.

ɋɯɟɦɵ ɬɪɭɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɜɹɡɨɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 115.

Ɏɨɧɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – 14, 21, 35,

70, 105 ɢ 140 Ɇɉɚ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɨɬ 50 ɞɨ 150 ɦɦ, ɩɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ

ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɟɥɤɢ  ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɨɜɚɹ, ɩɨ

ɱɢɫɥɭ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɪɹɞɨɜ ɬɪɭɛ  ɨɞɧɨɪɹɞɧɚɹ ɢ ɞɜɭɯɪɹɞɧɚɹ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɚ ɡɚɞɜɢɠ-

ɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɚɧɚɦɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 115. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɬɪɭɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɜɹɡɨɤ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ:

1 – ɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɣ ɮɥɚɧɟɰ; 2 – ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ; 3 – ɬɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ;

4 – ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ȺɎɄ6ȼ-80/50×70ɏɅ-Ʉ2ɚ

ɏ1 ɏ2 ɏ3 ɏ4 – ɏ5/ɏ6 ɯ ɏ7 ɏ8 – ɏ9 ɏ10

ɏ1 ȺɎ – ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɚɹ;

Ⱥɇ – ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ

ɏ2 ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɞɜɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ:

ɜ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɟ – ɧɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ;

ɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤɟ ɤ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɟ – Ʉ;

ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɍɗɐɇ – ɗ

ɏ3 Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɟɥɤɢ

ɞɥɹ

ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɪɭɛɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɤ ɧɨɦɟɪɭ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɨ-

ɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ «ɚ»

183

ɏ4 Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ:

ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ – ɧɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ;

ɫ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ – Ⱦ;

ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ – Ⱥ;

ɫ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ – ȼ

ɏ5 ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɟɥɤɢ, ɦɦ

ɏ6 ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɜɨɞɨɜ ɟɥɤɢ, ɦɦ,

ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɨɦ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ

ɏ7 Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ ( ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ

)

ɏ8

Ʉɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ 16350

–80:

ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ-ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɣ-

ɨɧɨɜ – ɧɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ;

ɞɥɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɪɨɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ – ɏɅ

ɏ9 ɂɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ:

c ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɇ

S ɢ ɋɈ

ɞɨ 0,003 % ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ – ɧɟ

ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ;

ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɋɈ

ɞɨ 6 % ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ – Ʉ1;

ɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɇ

S ɢ ɋɈ

ɞɨ 6 % ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ – Ʉ2 ɢ Ʉ2ɂ

ɏ10 Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɥɤɢ

Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟ-

ɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɟɥɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

ɫɪɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɚ ɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ

ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɭɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ-

ɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ.

Ɏɨɧɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɟɥɤɚ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ

, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ

ɬɪɭɛɧɭɸ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɭ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɦ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜ

ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ. Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɟɥɨɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ

ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 116.

ɉɪɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚɦɢ

ɇɄɌ (ɞɜɭɯɪɹɞɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚ) ɬɪɭɛɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ

ɩɨɞɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɶɛɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɚ (ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɢ-

ɧɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

ɧɚ ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɧɭ, ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɡɚ-

ɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ.

Ɍɪɭɛɵ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɨɞɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɶɛɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ

(ɫɬɜɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ), ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɨɦ (ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɤɨɦ)

(ɪɢɫ. 116, ɛ).

Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɟɥɨɤ (ɪɢɫ. 116) ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɞɢɧ

(ɫɯɟɦɵ 2 ɢ 1), ɥɢɛɨ ɞɜɚ (ɫɯɟɦɵ 3 ɢ 4) ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɚ (ɨɞɧɨ- ɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɯɴɹɪɭɫɧɚɹ

ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ), ɥɢɛɨ ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɧɭ (ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ – ɫɯɟɦɵ

5 ɢ 6).

184

Ɋɢɫ. 116. Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɟɥɨɤ:

ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ – ɫɯɟɦɵ 1, 2, 3 ɢ 4; ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ – ɫɯɟɦɵ 5 ɢ 6

(1 – ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɤ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɟ; 2 – ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤ; 3 – ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ;

4 – ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪ ɫ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨ-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ; 5 – ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶ;

6 – ɨɬɜɟɬɧɵɣ ɮɥɚɧɟɰ; 7 – ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɢɧɚ)

Ⱦɜɭɯɫɬɪɭɧɧɚɹ (ɞɜɭɯɴɹɪɭɫɧɚɹ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɤɪɟɫɬɨɜɚɹ) ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤ-

ɰɢɹ ɟɥɤɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɢɥɢ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɛɨɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɧɚ,

ɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɬ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ – ɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɦ. ɋɜɟɪɯɭ ɟɥɤɚ ɡɚɤɚɧ-

ɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɩɚɤɨɦ (ɛɭɮɟɪɨɦ) ɫ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɤɪɚɧɨɦ ɢ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ. Ⱦɥɹ

ɫɩɭɫɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ

ɛɭɮɟɪɚ

ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɭɛɪɢɤɚɬɨɪ.

Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 117. Ɇɨɧ-

ɬɚɠ-ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɶɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɜ-

ɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɚɧɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦɢ.

185

Ɋɢɫ. 117. Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ:

1 – ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɟɥɤɚ; 2 – ɬɪɭɛɧɚɹ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɚ

Ɂɚɩɨɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɢ-

ɩɨɜ: ɩɪɨɛɤɨɜɵɟ ɤɪɚɧɵ ɫɨ ɫɦɚɡɤɨɣ, ɩɪɹɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɦɚɡɤɨɣ

ɬɢɩɚ 5Ɇ ɢ ɁɆɋ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɱɚɬɵɦ ɢ ɁɆȺȾ – ɫ ɞɜɭɯɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɱɚɬɵɦ

ɲɢɛɟɪɨɦ. Ɂɚɞɜɢɠɤɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɁɆɋ ɢ ɁɆȺȾ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ

ɩɧɟɜɦɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ.

ɉɪɨɛɤɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ ɫɨ ɫɦɚɡɤɨɣ ɬɢɩɚ Ʉɉɉɋ-65×14 (ɪɢɫ. 118) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ

ɢɡ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ, ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɤɢ, ɤɪɵɲɤɢ, ɱɟɪɟɡ

ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɝɭ-

ɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ ɡɚɡɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɩ-

ɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɤɢ. ɍɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ-

ɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɧɠɟɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞɠɚɬɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-

ɞɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɧɞɛɭɤɫɨɣ.

Ɋɢɫ. 118. ɉɪɨɛɤɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ ɬɢɩɚ

Ʉɉɉɋ-65

14:

1 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ; 2 – ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɚ; 3 – ɬɨɥɤɚɬɟɥɶ;

5 – ɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɶ; 6 – ɜɬɭɥɤɚ;

7 – ɤɭɥɚɱɤɨɜɚɹ ɦɭɮɬɚ; 8 – ɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɩɪɨɛɤɚ; 9 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ; 10 – ɦɚɧɠɟɬɵ;

4, 11 – ɝɪɭɧɞɛɭɤɫɵ;

12 – ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɢɧɬ

186

Ʉɪɚɧɵ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɦɚɡɤɨɣ «Ⱥɪɦɚɬɨɥ-238» ɱɟɪɟɡ 150–180 ɰɢɤɥɨɜ

ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.

Ɍɢɩɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɪɚɧɨɜ Ʉɉɉɋ-65×14 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ.

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɞ, ɦɦ...................................................................................65

Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, Ɇɉɚ ................................................................................14

Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɦɦ:

ɞɥɢɧɚ....................................................................................................350

ɲɢɪɢɧɚ.................................................................................................205

ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ..................................................................................................420

Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɜ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɤɝ .........................................................................53

Ɂɚɞɜɢɠɤɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɁɆɋ ɢ ɁɆɋ1 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 119.

Ɋɢɫ. 119. Ɂɚɞɜɢɠɤɚ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɁɆɋ ɢ ɁɆɋ1 ɫ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɦ:

1 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ; 2 – ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɤɚ; 3 – ɤɪɵɲɤɚ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɨɜ; 4 – ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ

ɝɚɣɤɚ; 5 – ɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɶ; 6 – ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɤɨɠɭɯ; 7 – ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤɢ; 8 – ɭɩɨɪɧɵɣ

ɲɚɪɢɤɨɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤ; 9 – ɯɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɝɚɮɤɚ; 10 – ɭɡɟɥ ɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ; 11 – ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚ;

12 – ɲɢɛɟɪ; 13 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ; 14 – ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɟɞɥɨ; 15 – ɲɬɨɤ; 16 – ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ

ɤɥɚɩɚɧ; 17 – ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɤɨɠɭɯ; 18 – ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɟɞɥɨ; 19 – ɬɚɪɟɥɶɱɚɬɚɹ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɚ

187

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɩɪɹɦɨɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚɦɢ

ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɦɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɲɢɩɧɢɤɢ ɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɹ ɠɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɥɢɞɨɥɨɦ,

ɚ ɜ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ ɜ ɞɧɢɳɟ ɧɚɛɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ

ɫɦɚɡɤɭ ɅɁ-162 ɢɥɢ «Ⱥɪɦɚɬɨɥ-238».

ɇɚ ɜɵɤɢɞɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚ-

ɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɲɬɭɰɟ-

ɪɵ), ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ

ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ

ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ.

ɇɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɲɬɭɰɟɪ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɭ

ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɭɸ ɜɬɭɥɤɭ (ɧɚɫɚɞɤɭ) ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦ. Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ

ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 5…25 ɦɦ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚ (ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɹ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ

ɪɢɫ. 120.

Ɋɢɫ. 120. ɇɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶ:

1 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ; 2 – ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɢ; 3 – ɩɪɨɛɤɚ

Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɨɣ ɤɨɪ-

ɩɭɫɚ ɫ ɧɚɫɚɞɤɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ.

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɢ (ɪɢɫ. 121), ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ

ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɟɫɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ. ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ

ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤɚ 3 ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ.

188

ɋɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜ-

ɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɝɢɥɶɡɭ ɧɚɫɚɞɨɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ 8.

Ɋɢɫ. 121. Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɪɨɫɫɟɥɶ ȾɊ-65

ɍɫɬɶɟɜɨɟ (ɞɨ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚ) ɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ

ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɇɚ ɮɥɚɧɰɚɯ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɜɨɞɨɜ ɬɪɭɛɧɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɮɨɧɬɚɧ-

ɧɨɣ ɟɥɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɨɪɪɨ-

ɡɢɢ ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɬɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɬɜɨɥ ɟɥɤɢ, ɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɤɚɪɦɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɦɟɬɪɚ.

Ɇɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɜɵ-

ɤɢɞɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ

(ɲɥɟɣɮɨɦ), ɩɨɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɭɸ ɡɚɦɟɪ-

ɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ. Ɇɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨ-

ɜɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɛ-

ɜɹɡɤɭ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɬɪɭɧ ɫɨ ɲɥɟɣɮɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɧ ɫ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ, ɫɬɪɭɧ

ɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɮɚɤɟɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɦɛɚɪɨɦ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ

ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.

122.

189

Ɋɢɫ. 122. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɭɫɬɶɟɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ:

1 – ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɜɹɡɤɢ ɨɛɫɚɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɧɧ; 2 – ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɚ;

3 – ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞ; 4 – ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɨɣ

18.2. ɉɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ

Ʉ ɩɨɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨ-ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ

ɬɪɭɛɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦ-

ɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɄɍɋȺ ɢ ɄɍɋȺ-ɗ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ.

Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɨ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɝɟɪɦɟ-

ɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɬɶɹ, ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɟ-

ɛɢɬɚ) ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ – ɩɚɤɟɪ, ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ-

ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɶ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɇɄɌ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɞɨ 200 ɦ, ɢ ɧɚɡɟɦɧɚɹ

ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ-ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɧɟɜ-

ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɬɢɩɚ ɄɍɋȺ) ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ (ɬɢɩɚ ɄɍɋȺ-ɗ).

Ɂɚɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɯɥɨɩɭɲɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɲɚɪ.

190

Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ-ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɶ (ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚ ɚɪɦɚɬɭɪɵ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚ-

ɤɪɵɬ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨ

ɫ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ

ɩɪɨɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɥɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ.

ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ-ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɢ, ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ

ɩɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɛɢɬɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ. Ɉɧɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ-

ɫɹ ɧɚ ɇɄɌ. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɚɜ-

ɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɜɵɤɢɞɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɝɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɟɦ

ɦɚɧɢɮɨɥɶɞɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɚ ɊɈɆ-1. Ɉɬɫɟɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ

ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ 0,45 Ɇɉɚ (ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚ-

ɪɚɮɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɤɢ) ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ 0,15 Ɇɉɚ (ɩɨɪɵɜ

ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ).

19. ɓɍȻɈȾɉȽɖɀ ɈȻɌɉɌɈɖɀ ɎɌɍȻɈɉȽɅɃ (ɎɓɌɈ)

ɉɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɨɧɬɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ-

ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨ-

ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ. ɗɬɢɦɢ ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ

ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ. Ⱦɟɛɢɬ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ – ɨɬ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ

ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɨɧɧ. ɇɚɫɨɫɵ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ ɨɬ

ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɨ 3000 ɦ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɨ 3200…3400 ɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 123. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɲɬɚɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ