Kissinger Henry. White House Years

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TheSenateSelectCommittee,supposedlyinvestigatingassassinationplots

bytheUnitedStatesgovernment,spentagreatdealofspaceinits1975report

mullingoverwhetherAlHaigorIwasmisleadingtheCommitteewhenwe

testifiedthatcoupplanning hadbeenendedonOctober15orwhethertheCIA

proceededwithoutauthority.Thefactsarethese.TheSenateSelectCommittee

discoveredasecondgroupofplotters,inadditiontotheViauxgroup,withwhom

theCIAwasincontactandwhoalsoplannedtokidnapGeneralSchneider.

NeitherHaignorIwaseverawareoftheirexistencefortheverygoodreasonthat

theyneverdidanything.WhenIorderedcoupplottingturnedoffonOctober15,

1970,Nixon,Haig,andIconsideredittheendofbothTrackIandTrackII.TheCIA

personnelinChileapparentlythoughtthattheorderappliedonlytoViaux;they

felttheywerefreetocontinuewiththesecondgroupofplotters,ofwhomthe

WhiteHousewasunaware.Theyevenprovidedthemwiththreesubmachine

gunsonOctober19withoutinforminganyoneintheWhiteHouse.Military

plottersthatneededforeignweaponsshouldnothavebeenregardedasserious.

Fortheywerenot.InacomedyoferrorsworthyoftheKeystoneKops,the

plottersweresettokidnapSchneiderinhiscarafteradinnerpartyonOctober

19;theymissedhimbecauseheleftinadifferentcar.Thenextdaytheytried

againbutlostsightofSchneider’scarinSantiagotraffic.Thegunswerereturned

unusedtoourCIAstation.Theplottersre turnedtoawell‐deservedobscurity

whichtheymercifullyenjoyeduntiltheirexploitsweregivengreatnotorietyby

theSenateCommittee.



ThenonOctober22,theViauxgroup,whichhadbeenexplicitlytoldto

desistbytheCIAonOctober17,proceededonitsownindefianceofCIA

instructionsandwithoutourknowledge.ItattemptedtoabductGeneral

Schneider,andbungledit.Schneiderdrewhispistolinself‐defenseandwas

mortallywoundedbygunfire.ThedeathofGeneralSchneider,causedbythe

bunglingofakidnappingplotwhichwehadorderedcalledoffandtowhichwe

gavenosupport,noendorsement,noassistance,andnoapproval,isoneofthe

featuredeventsintheSenateCommittee’sinvestigationofUSgovernmentplots

toassassinateforeignleaders.AmidallitsinsinuationtheSenateCommitteedid

findthattherewasnoUSplottoassassinateGeneralSchneider.Indeed,noone

intendedassassination,notevenGeneralViaux.Assassinationwasnever

discussedorimpliedinany40Committeemeetingonanysubjectduringmytour

ofduty,norwasiteverconsideredaspartofTrackII.Viauxplanneda

kidnapping—andwetoldhimnottodoit;thesecondgroupof plottersdid

nothing.AndalltheschemesofeitherTrackIorTrackII,eventheconvoluted

schemesinvolvingthemilitary,weredesignedtoproduceanewelectionthatwas

totestinatwo‐manracewhethertheChileanpeoplewantedademocratic

PresidentoranavowedlyLeninistone.Itisavirtualcertaintythatinatwo‐man

racetheChileanpeoplewouldhavechosenthereformistdemocrat,EduardoFrei.



AfterOctober15ourattentionturnedtothepost‐Allendeperiod.Icalleda

meetingoftheSeniorReviewGrouponOctober17todiscussouroptionsafter

Allende’sinauguration.OnOctober18—beforeanyofthevariouscoupattempts

weremade—IsentamemorandumtothePresidentthatcanleavenodoubtthat

atthehighestlevelallthoughtsofcoupshadbeenabandoned:“Itnowappears

certainthatAllendewillbeelectedPresidentofChileintheOctober24

Congressionalrun‐offelections.”



Ibelievewewererightinourassessmentoftheperilstoourinterestsand

totheWesternHemisphereofAllende’saccessiontothepresidency.Thesolution

wesoughtwastopromoteaclear‐cutpopularchoicebetweenthedemo cratic

andthetotalitarianforces.Toassistsucheffortsseemedrighttomethenand

seemsrighttometoday.IcannotacceptthepropositionthattheUnitedStatesis

debarredfromactinginthegrayareabetweendiplomacyandmilitary

intervention,ashadowworldinwhichouradversarieshaveasinstrumentsa

politicalparty,theirowninfinitelygreaterforeignresources,andinnumerable

frontorganizationstomasktheirrole.Theeffortwasamateurish,being

improvisedinpanicandexecutedinconfusion.The“covertoperations”nevergot

offtheground;incontrastto1964wedidtoolittleandactedtoolate.Allende

wasinaugurated;therewasnocoup;wehadnofurthercontactsaimedat

organizingoneafterOctoberof1970(despitesomefalseandmisleading

innuendosintheSenatereport).WhenAllendewasfinallyoverthrown,itwasby

hisownincompetenceandintransigence;militaryleaderswithoutconsultingus

movedagainsthimontheirowninitiativebecausetheywereconvincedthathe

wasintentontakingovertotalpowerandabouttoorganizehisowncouptothat

end.Theyhadgoodreasontothinkso—butthatisformysecondvolume.



<<Contents>>

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****



AllendeInaugurated



fterOctober15theimpossibilityofpreventingAllende’saccessiontothe

presidencywasacknowledged,andseniorofficialsincreasinglyturnedtothe

problemofrelationswithanAllendegovernment.AmbassadorKorry,whohad

urgedearlierthatamodusvivendiwithAllendewasanillusion,changedhismind

andrecommendedtheimmediateopeningofnegotiationswiththePresident ‐

elect.SinceAllendewantedinternationalrespectabilityandlegitimacy,Korrynow

argued,andsincethisrequiredouracquiescence,weshouldofferournonhostility

inreturnforChileanrestraint,especiallyonexpropriationissues.IgaveKorryan

opportunitytopresenthisviewstoNixononOctober15.Nixonwasreconciledto

Allende’saccessionbutnottocooperationwithhim.Herepliedevasivelyand

thereafterunfairlyclassifiedKorryasa“softhead.”



Korry’srecommendationillustratedourpolicydilemma.I outlinedittothe

SeniorReviewGrouponOctober17:



Ifwearepubliclyorprematurelyhostile,ourattitudemayrallyChileannationalists

behindAllende.If,ontheotherhand,weareaccommodating,weriskgivingtheappearanceof

weaknessorofindifferencetotheestablishmentofaMarxistgovernmentintheHemisphere.



WhatIgotoutofthemeetingtheotherdayisthatnoonebelievesalong‐term

accommodationispossible.Wearefacedonlywithachoiceintactics.Thequestioniswhether

itwouldbebetterifaconfrontationwereseentoresultfromAllende’sactionsorwhetherthe

USshouldmoveimmediatelytoapositionofmilitanthostility.



NextdayIoutlinedthestateofplayforthePresident.Allende’s

inauguration,Iwrotehim,asindicatedabove,nowappearedcertain.[

Leavingno

doubtthatwehadnoforeknowledgeofViaux’splotofOctober22.

]TheUSgovernment

wasunanimousthathewasatough,dedicatedMarxistwithastronglyanti‐

AmericanbiaswhowouldseekcloserelationswithCubaandtheSovietUnion,

leadoppositiontoUSinfluenceinthehemisphere,andsystematicallypromote

policieshostileto ours.HewouldalmostsurelyexpropriateAmericaninvestments

andprobablywithoutadequatecompensation.Theveryexistenceofsucha

governmentwasboundto encourageelementshostiletousinotherLatin

Americancountries.Tobesure,Allendestartedfromaweakposition.The

coalitionsupportinghimwasfractious;theeconomywasdeteriorating;Chile’s

democratictraditionwouldforatimeinhibitmo vestoestablishatotalitarian

state;themilitarydistrustedhim.“Tomeettheseweaknesses,”IwroteNixon,

“Allende’s‘gameplan’willalmostcertainlyseeklegitimacyandrespectability;to

reassuretheapprehensiveorconcernedandtomovecarefullytoavoidcoalescing

oppositiontohimprematurely;tokeephisopposition fragmentedandthenslice

theirpowerbitbybitasheisable.Lefttohisowngameplanandpacehe

probablyhasthecapacityandskilltoconsolidatehispowerandneutralizehis

oppositioninayearortwo.”



Thuswefacedthedilemmathatapolicyofaccommodationwouldnot

work:“Allendeisnotvoluntarilygoingtomodifyhisgoals,norishelikelytohave

anyinterestinnegotiatingsuchamodificationjusttogetalongwithus.AU.S.

policyofseekingaccommodationwithhim,therefore,isunlikelytodeterhim

fromananti‐UScourseifhewantsandisabletotakeit.”Inotherwords,ourreal

choicewasthatdefinedbytheSeniorReviewGroup:whetherweshouldadoptan

openlyhostileattitudeorwhetheritwouldbebettertopursuea“correct”but

“cold”posture,leavingittoAllendetoforcetheconfrontation.Iurgedthe

PresidenttohavethisissuedeliberatedataNationalSecurityCouncilmeeting.I

madeclearmypreferenceforavoidingaconfrontationandadoptingthe“cool

butcorrect”stance.



Anumberofspecificprotocolquestionshad,however,tobedecided

immediately.TheyconcernedourformalresponsetoAllende’snowimminent

inauguration.IproposedthatRonZieglershoulddeclarethat wehadtakennote

ofAllende’selectionandourfuturerelationshipwasuptoChiletodetermine;

thatwesendasmall,low‐keydelegationheadedbyAssistantSecretaryofState

CharlesMeyertoattendtheceremonies;thatpipelineshipmentstotheChilean

militaryberesumed.IrecommendedthatwecloseourAirForceatmosphere‐

testingstationinChile(sinceAllendewascertaintorequestit),andthatwe

consultwithkeyLatinAmericangovernmentstoattempttocoordinatepolicies

towardthenewChileanPresidentthroughoutthehemisphere.



Nixonapprovedallmyrecommendations.Theywereconveyedtothe

agenciesonOctober21.TheChileanCongressvotedAllendePresidenton

October24.OnOctober30IsupportedState’srecommendationthatAssistant

SecretaryMeyerbeauthorizedtoconveyamessageofcongratulation,tothe

effectthatPresidentNixonwascognizantofthegreathonorandresponsibility

accordedtoAllendebytheChileanpeople.Itwasnotanexuberantmessage,and

Iurgedthatitbeconveyedorallyratherthaninwriting,butitobservedthe

appropriatecourtesiesandleftthewayopenforaconciliator yresponseshould

Allendechoosesucharoute.



OnOctober30Allendeannouncedthemakeupofhisnewfifteen‐strong

Cabinet.AllkeyeconomicandpatronagepostsweregiventotheCommunist

Party(Finance,PublicWorks,andLabor);theMinistryofEconomywenttoan

independentveryclosetotheCommunists;fourpostswenttoAllende’sown

SocialistParty(Interior,ForeignRelations,Housing,andSecretaryofthe

Presidency);sevenotherswenttovariousotherradicalandsplinterparties.The

newMinisterofForeignRelations,ClodomiroAlmeyda,wassofartotheleftthat

inthepasthehadopposedSovietposition soutofadmirationforthemoreradical

ChineseCommunistsandCubans.



InhisfinaladdresstothenationonOctober31,outgoingPresidentFrei

statedhisintentiontoremainpoliticallyactiveasaconstructiveopponentofthe

AllendeAdministration.HeurgedChileanstodefenddemocracy,warnedagainst

convertingtheuniversitiesintopoliticalbattlegrounds,andappearedtoreflect

thewidespreadconcernaboutthefutureofpoliticallibertiesunderAllende.



AllendewassworninbeforeaJointSessionofCongressonNovember3.He

pledged“tomaintaintheintegrityandindependenceofthenationandkeepand

obeytheconstitution.”Healsocalledfor“workandsacrifice”fromChileansas

necessaryfortheconstructionofsocialism.Attendingtheinauguralceremonies

wererepresentativesfrommorethansixtyforeignnations,includingunofficial

delegationsfromNorthVietnam,thePeople’sRepublicofChina,EastGermany,

andCuba(thelatterledbylongtimeCommunistPartyleaderCarlosRafael

Rodriguez).AsaforetasteofAllende’santi‐USbias,theleadersofthePuerto

Ricanindependencepartywerealsoinvitedtotheinauguration.Inpublic remarks

relatedtothefestivities,Allendewasquotedassayingheplannedtohold

nationalplebiscitesiftheCong ress(inwhichhisPopularUnitycontrolledonly90

ofthe200seats)rejectedthe“newforms”ofgovernmenthemightpropose.

On

November5,inaspeechatarallyclimaxingthethree‐daycelebrations,Allende

pledgeda“republicoftheworkingclass”andblamedthecapitalistsystemfor

socialandeconomicinequities.Hehintedatamajornationalizationprogram.



CharlesMeyerwasreceivedbyAllendeanddeliveredNixon’smessage.

Allendegavenoevidenceofaconciliatoryapproach.Thetenorofhis

administrationwasset.Afewdayslater,forexample,astatueofCheGuevara

wasunveiledinaworking‐classdistrictofSanMiguel.LatinAmerican

revolutionarymilitants,includingtheSec retaryGeneraloftheCubanWorkers

Federation,werepresentforthededication,whichwasmarkedbycrowdssinging

thenationalanthemsofChileandCuba.



ThiswastheatmosphereinwhichtheNationalSecurityCouncilmeton

November6toreviewourpolicytowardChile.Anditwasscarcelyimprovedbya

reliablereportthatdaywhichdescribedaclandestinemeetingbetweenAllende

andmembersoftheChileanNationalLiberationArmy,aradicalgroupcreatedto

promoterevolutioninBolivia.Allendewassaidtohavepledgedthatoncehis

administrationwasfirmlyinpower,Chilewouldbecomeacenterofassistance

andtrainingforLatinAmericanrevolutionaryorganizationsseekingto“liberate”

theircountriesthrougharmedstruggle.



Nixonaccepted,nevertheless,theconsensussupporting a“coolbut

correct”posture.HeexpressedconcernthatAllende’ssuccessfulconsolidat ionof

hispowerwouldencourageallouropponents throughoutLatinAmericaand

mightmovemanysittingonthefenceintooppositiontous.Butheagreedthat

overthostilitymightplayintoAllende’shands.Hethereforedecidedonapolicy

thatwasembodiedinadirectiveissuedonNovember9.Itaffirmedthatthe

publicpostureoftheUnitedStateswouldbe“correctbutcool,toavoidgivingthe

Allendegovernmentabasisonwhichtorallydomesticandinternationalsupport

forconsolidationoftheregime.”Butitalsocalledforassemblingpressuresto

preventtheconsolidationof“acommuniststateinChilehostiletotheinterestsof

theUnitedStatesandotherhemispherenations.”ThePresidentorderedthatno

guaranteesofnewprivateinvestmentbeissued,thatoldones,ifpossible,be

terminated,andthatweuseourinfluenceininternationalfinancialinstitutionsto

limitcreditorotherfinancingassistancetoChile.Nonewbilateraleconomicaid

commitmentsweretobeundertakenforthetimebeing.Ho wever,anexception

wasmadeforhumanitarianprograms.Existingcommitmentswouldbefulfilled.



Thedirectivewassternbutlessdrasticanddecisivethanitsounded.(It

was,forexample,muchlesssothanthepolicylaterpursuedagainstAugusto

PinochetofChileorAnastasioSomoza ofNicaragua.)WiththeChilean

government’snewpolicyofexpropriationwithout compensationdesignedto

discourageanyprivateinvestment,withgovernment‐fueledinflationreachinga

levelofsome350percent(onthedayofAllende’sdeath)anddestroyingthe

middleclass,andwithdefaultonitsinternationaldebtrepaymentsin1971,the

credit‐worthinessofChilewouldhavedroppeddrasticallybetween1970and

1973whateverpolicytheUnitedStatespursuedin internationallending 

institutions.Itwouldhavebeenanimprudentfinancialinstitution,nationalor

international,thatextendedsubstantialcredittosomeonewho,inhis1970

campaigndeclaration(“ThePopularGovernment’sFirstFortyMeasures”)had

pledgedto“renegethecommitmentswiththeInternationalMonetaryFund,”or

whoinhis1970PopularUnityprogramhadproclaimedtheintentionof

“expropriatingimperialistcapitaland…increasing ourcapacitytoselffinanceour

activities”andwhohadregardedit“absolute lynecessarytoreview,denounceor

renounce,asbefitseachcase,thosetreatiesoragreementswhichinvolve

commitmentslimitingoursovereignty,and,inparticular,trea tiesofreciprocal

assistance,pactsofmutualaidorotherpactswhichChilesignedwiththeU.S.A.”



AsforbilateralUnitedStatesaidprograms,grantaid,ashasbeen

mentioned,wasterminatedin1968whileFreiwasstillPresident.Theloan

programshaddroppedtosome$40millionin1969and$70millionin1970.Even

underAllendetheexceptionforhumanitarianprogramsresultedinauthorization

of$16.8millioninFoodforPeaceprograms,some$250,000inspecialdisaster

relief,andfavorableUSactiononInter‐AmericanDevelopmentBankloansof

$11.5milliontotwoChileanuniversitiesinJanuaryof1971.AndthePeaceCorps

remained.WhileAllendewasinoffice,theUnitedStatesalsoauthorizedover$42

millioninmilitaryassistance,agreedtothereschedulingofaround$250millionof

Chile’sdebt,participatedin$82.3millionIMFloans,andhonoredpreviousaid

commitmentamountingtosome$25million.ThusChileunderAllenderemained

oneofthelargestrecipientsofofficialAmericanaidpercapitainLatinAmerica.

Altogether,Allendereceivednewcreditsofnearly$950millionfromallsources,

includingwellover$600millionfromCommunistsources.

Painfulasitmaybe

toadmitforthosewhoseeksomeextraneousreasonforMarxist‐managed

economicdisasters,itwasnotAmericaneconomicpressurebutAllende’sown

policiesthatbroughthimdown.



Allendedidnotwaitlongtoimplementhisprogram.OnNovember12he

announcedreestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationswithCuba,incontraventionof

theOASresolutionof1964,whichAllendedenouncedaslacking“juridicaland

moralbasis”;thenewagreementwasnegotiatedbyCarlosRafaelRodriguez

duringAllende’sinauguration.TheStateDepartmentreactedthefollowingday

withastatementwhich“deplored”thatChilehadactedwithoutresorttotheOAS

consultativeframework.TheAllendegovernmentalsomovedrapidlytosigna

pactwiththeNorthKoreandelegation.Whilenotmentioningdiplomaticties,it

nonethelessconstituteddefactorecognition.Chilepromptlywithdrewfromthe

UNCommissiononKorea.



Allende’sfirstmoveagainstAmericanindustryoccurredonNovember20,

whenheorderedanadministrativetakeover,underprovisionsofa1945labor

law,oftwoChileancompaniescontrolledbyNorthernIndianaBrassandRalston

Purina.AllendechargedthatthecompanieshadintentionallydeprivedChileansof

jobs.ThiswasfollowedbyaspeechonNovember26—totheCommunistParty

plenum—inwhichhedeclaredthathisgovernmentwouldshortlypropose

legislationto nationalizeUSinterestsaswellasChileanandforeignbanking,

insurance,andunidentifiedindustrialproperties.Itwasreportedthatthe

legislationwouldprobablybeaccompaniedbyaproposaltoaltertheguarantees

ofprivatepropertyintheconstitutiontoenablethegovernmenttotakeover

workinginstallations(suchasindustrialandminingplants),aswellasprivately

ownedland(alreadyauthorized).Thisspeechwasfollowe dbydisclos ur eofplans

forlarge‐scalenationalizationofbasicindustr y andcentralplanninganddirection

ofindustry,banking,trade,andagriculture,aspledgedinhis1970program.

Allende’sFinanceMinister,whooutlinedtheeconomicprogramtoacommittee

oftheChileanCongress,placedtheblameforChile’seconomicproblemsonthe

“capitalistsystem”andonforeign,especiallyUnitedStates,investors.



WithinamonthAllendehadamnestiedhundredsofrevolutionaryterrorists

belongingtoMIR—anorganizationtotheleftoftheCommunistsdedicatedto

seizingpowerbyviolence.Withinayear—in1971—dramatizingthebreachin

hemisphericunity,FidelCastropaidavisittoChilethatlastedfornearlyamonth.

Thetripconcludedwithajointcommuniquéaffirmingthe“commonstruggle”

and“commonoutlookofbothgovernmentsandpeoplesinanalyzingtheworld

situation,”condemningthe“imperialistintervention”inVietnam,hailing“the

crisisofthecapitalistmonetarysystem”and“thegradual,substantialincreaseof

theeconomic,political,socialandtechnologicalpowerofthesocialistcamp.”



IntimeAllende’sCubanson‐in‐law,LuisFernandezdeOna,whohadbeen

activelyinvolvedinplanningCheGuevara’sBolivianexpe dition,wasgivenan

officeinthepresidentialpalaceinSantiago.Allendeorganizedhisownprivate

securityforce,madeuplargelyofextremistmembersoftheterroristMIRgroup,

outsidetheexistingarmyandpolicestructure.Heclandestinelyimportedlarge

quantitiesofCubanweaponstoarmsupportersforstreetfighting—aninteresting

procedurefora“constitutional”President.Betweentenandfifteenthousand

visalessforeignerscameintohelporganizetheguerrillaleftwithinChileand

terroristactivitiesinneighboringcountries.Attemptsweremadetooverthrow

themilitarystructure;noncommissionedofficersstagedacouptotakeoverthe

NavywiththetacitapprovalofthePresidentin1971.



ThemyththatAllendewasademocrathasbeenasassiduouslyfosteredas

itisuntrue.ThefactisthatvariousmeasurestakenbyAllende’sgovernment were

declaredtobeunconstitutionalandoutsidethelawbytheChileanSupremeCourt

onMay26,1973,bytheComptrollerGeneralonJuly2,1973,andbytheChamber

ofDeputiesonAugust22,1973.ItistheoppositionhearousedwithinChilethat

triggeredthemilitarycoupof1973,intheconception,planning,andexecutionof

whichweplayednorolewhatever.



InNovember1970allthiswasstillfarinthefuture.Wehadbeenunableto

preventAllende’saccessiontopower.Wewereopentoaccommodationshould

Allende,againstallexpectations,bepreparedforone.Butwewerealso prepared

todefendourowninterestsinthemorelikelyeventthatAllendewasasgoodas

hisword.



SoChiletookitsownplaceinourautumnofcrisis.Wehadprevailedin

JordanandCienfuegos,butweweretofaceacontinuingchallengeinthe

WesternHemisphere.Ourdeliberationshadhonedourowncapacitytodealwith

other,futurecrises.Wehadenduredtrialsallthemorecomplicatedbecausethey

occurredpracticallysimultaneouslyandfollowedsocloselyonthewrenching

experienceofCambodia.Havinggrappledwithchallengesimposeduponus,we

couldnowseektoshapeeventsinthelightofourownpurposes.



<<Contents>>



****



XVIII



AnInvitationtoPeking



TheEndoftheWarsawChannel



herewas,onthesurface,nothingdramaticaboutthefirstofficialmeeting

intheNixonAdministrationbetweentheUnitedStatesandthePeople’s

RepublicofChina.IttookplaceinWarsawattheChineseEmbassy,on

January20,1970,withourAmbassadortoPoland,WalterStoessel,sittingacross

thetablefromLeiYang,chargéd’affairesofthePeople’sRepublic.Itwasthefirst

meetingintwoyears,butambassadorialsessionsofthiskindhadbeengoingon

sporadicallyforfifteenyearsandtheirmajorsignificanceseemedtobethatthey

representedthelongestcontinualtalksthatcouldnotpointtoasingleimportant

achievement.Therehadbeen134meetingsandallofthemhadbeensterile.The

agendaforthe135thmeetingwasheavywiththesameairoffutility.The

differencewasthatafterbureaucraticbloodlettinginWashington,Stoesselhad

beeninstructedtosaysomethingdifferent—andso,ittranspired,hadLeiYang.

T



Themainpointoftheprevious134meetingshadbeenourrelationshipto

Taiwan,aclassicCatch‐22topic:nosolutionwasconceivablesolongasUS‐

Chinesehostilitypersisted,andthehostilitywouldnotendsolongastheTaiwan

issuewasunsettled.Otherquestionsraisedfromtimetotimewerethehoary

standbysofbilateralperplexity:Americanclaimstocompensationfornationalized

propertyanddefaulteddebts;ChineseeffortstorecoverassetsintheUnited

States,frozenafter1949undertheTradingwiththeEnemyAct;oureffortsto

securethereleaseofAmericansimprisonedinChina;andfitfulattemptstogain

accesstoChinaforAmericannewsmen,ortoexploretheprospectsfortrade.



Allthefamiliarthemeswereduefortediousrehearsalagainatthe135th

meeting.TheinstructionsforoursidewerebeingpreparedbytheState

Department’sBureauofEastAsianandPacificAffairs,which,unawareofthe

messagesthathadbeenpassedtotheChineseduringthepreviousyear,sawno

reasontochangeanapproachthathadseenitthrough134previousWarsaw