Jenkins N., Strbac G., Ekanayake J. Distributed Generation
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
Transmission connected generating
unit
virtual power plant and 171
Transmission system, distributed
generation on 19
Transparency
in network pricing 145
Turbines, in hydro generation 29
TVPP. See Technical virtual power
plant (TVPP)
Two-busbar system 64–6, 64f,71
Two-bus system
distribution use-of-system charges
and 151–5, 152f–153f,
153t–156t
Type 51 relay 116
UK Renewables Obligation 7
Unbalanced fault. See Asymmetrical
fault
Under-excited mode
of phasor diagram 209, 209f
Variable slip wind turbine 33, 34f
Vector shift 118–19, 118f
Virtual power plant (VPP) 171–5
aggregatio n of generators and loads
in 172f
benefits of 171
commercial 173–4
parameters associated with 171,
172t
technical 174–5
transmission connected generating
unit and 171
Voltage
in asymmetrical fault 76–7
of busbars 64–77
example 70–3
Gauss–Siedal method 68–9, 70,
72
Newton–Raphson method
69–70
on busbars
case study 85, 86t,87
control, synchronous generators
and 48–9, 49f
in distribution circuits 12–15, 13t
hazardous, fault current and 96
with LDC 87, 87f
for line section 76
neutral, displacement 117–18
profile, of radial distribution feeder
13, 13f
of PV module 40–1, 41f
receiving end 64–6
required, in distribution networks
12–15
sending end 65
steady-state, case study. See
Steady-state voltages
terminal, of generators 252–3
of three-phase source 78–9
three-phase voltage system 253–6,
253f
with two-busbar system 64–6
under/over, frequency and 117
variations, on network 15
Voltage control
active network management and
169, 169f
in distribution networks 146
Voltage-controlled devices 233–5
IGBT 234–5
MOSFET 234
Voltage-controlled time-over-current
relays 116–17, 117f
Voltage fluctuations
network design expenditure and
146–7
Voltage-restrained relays
over-current relays and 116–17
Voltage source converter (VSC) 238
HVDC in 62, 63f
STATCOM and 89
Voltage source inverters 237–41
single-phase voltage source
inverter 238–41
three-phase voltage source
inverter 241
Index 277
VPP. See Virtual power plant (VPP)
VSC. See Voltage source converter
(VSC)
Water flow, hydro generation and
27–9, 28f
Wide-area active network
management 170, 170f
Wind farm. See also Wind turbines
capacity factors of 32f
network, example 60
offshore
AC transmission and 37, 38f
HVDC transmission and 37,
38f
reactive power imported from 32f
real power output of 31f
Wind generat ion 130–3
additional costs for 132–3, 132t
capacity credit of 131–2, 131f.
See also Wind penetration
Windings
armature of stator 204f, 205
primary 244
secondary 244
in three-phase voltages, AC 195–7
delta connection 196–7, 196f
star connection 195–6, 196f
transformer
and tap changing arrangement
247–8, 248f
Wind output data 130
Wind penetra tion
vs. capacity credit of wind
generation 131, 131f
Wind speed, and wind turbine 29
distribution of 30–1, 31f
variation in 32–3
Wind turbines 29–37
architectures 33–4, 34f–36f
in DFIG 33, 34f–35f
application 57
fixed speed 33, 34f
full power converter 34–5,
34f–36f
induction generator in 33
pitch regulation in 36
power coefficient 29, 30
power curve of 30, 30f
rotor 30
regulation in 36
stall regulation in 36
synchronous generators in 33
torque fluctuations of 32–3
variable speed 33–6, 34f–36f
variable-speed, FPC and 62, 62f
wind speed and 29, 30–1, 31f
Wound rotor 216–17, 216f
induction generators 50
Zero sequence components 253–6,
253f
Zero sequence networks 76, 76
f, 78,
79, 80t, 82–4
278 Distributed generation
