Houze Robert A., Jr. Cloud Dynamics
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Index
Accretion of liquid water, 199, 222
Adiabatic
conditions, 28, 53
cooling, 229, 452, 504-505
warming, 329, 383, 452, 504-505
Aerosol particles, 71-72, 90, 110, 148-149
Ageostrophic
circulation, 32, 442, 444-445, 451-453, 457,
459, 460, 463, 475-477
component, 456
motion, 31, 442, 444, 452, 460
stream function, 458
Aggregation, 85-86, 106, 198-204, 214, 374,
482, 487, 495
Altocumulus, 7, 15,61, 137, 189-195
as high-based convective clouds, 189-191
as remnants of other clouds, 189
as shallow layer clouds aloft, 191-193
castellanus, 15, 189-191, 194
floccus, 15, 194
interaction with lower cloud layer, 194-
195
stratiformis, 15-16, 191, 193
Altostratus, 13-15, 137, 189-191,218
as outflow from cumulonimbus, 179
as remnant of other clouds, 189
as shallow layer clouds aloft, 191-193
Anelastic
approximation, 35-37
continuity equation, 37, 41, 124, 126, 128,
233,255,264,266,422,487
Angular momentum, 33, 47, 56, 301, 311, 409,
411-414,418
Anticyclonic outflow, 396, 406, 409
Anvil, 8, 17,
179-185,221,269,271,348,353,
498
Arc cloud, 315
Arctic
front, 500
stratus, 138, 150-152
Asymmetric organization, 346, 351, 389
Autoconversion, 103, 105, 532
Balanced flow, 30-35, 40
Banner cloud, 22, 529-530
Baroclinic
circulation, 463-465
generation
(see Vorticity, baroclinic genera-
tion)
instability, 440-441
structure and dynamics 440-449
wave, 203, 438-449, 463-465, 467-472, 491,
496-498, 501
zone, 438
Benard
(see Rayleigh-Benard)
Blocking
of flow, 512-520, 535
of radar beam, 114
Boundary layer, 5, 64-68, 120
associated with frontal systems, 484
cloud-topped mixed layer, 138, 152-174
in hurricane, 411, 416-427, 432, 43;
in mesoscale convective systems, 350, 360,
365,400
in thunderstorms, 295, 301, 308, 326
in upslope flow, 501-502
radar observation of, 107, 120, 126
stable with fog and stratus, 138-152
Boussinesq approximation, 35-38,40, 42-45,
47,48,61,67,60,
159, 187,232,301-304,
421,443-444,506
Breakup
of stratiform cloud, 155-157, 171-173
of drops, 80-81, 94,
97-99,101,114,141,241
Bright band (see Radar, bright band)
Bubble model, 234-236, 245
Bulk aerodynamic formula, 422
Bulk water-continuity model, 97, 101-106
cold clouds, 105-106, 210, 372
warm clouds, 102-105, 129, 261
Buoyancy, 54-55, 157, 163,212,221-223,235,
236,245,261,262,375,377,400-401,413,
418,452
equivalent, 443
flux, 163
force, 36, 37, 46-48, 53, 54, 57, 59-61, 68
frequency, 45, 457,458
generation of turbulent kinetic energy, 43, 68,
143, 155, 163, 182, 226, 418
generation of vorticity
(see Vorticity, baro-
clinic generation)
hydrometeor drag, 36-37, 415
in microburst, 323, 324, 326
in multicell storm line, 330-333
oscillations, 44-45, 48
557
558 Index
pressure-gradient force, 224-226, 251, 264,
288, 355, 365, 400-401
retrieval, 129-132, 358-360, 375
Burgers-Rott vortex
(see Vortex one-cell)
Cap cloud, 19, 512, 528
CAPE
(see Convective available potential
energy)
Cell
(see also Multicell thunderstorms; Super-
cell)
closed, 169
generating, 205-210, 482, 484, 487, 495
in altocumulus, 193
in cirriform clouds, 188
in stratocumulus and cumulus, 138, 165-174
open, 169
Rayleigh-Benard cells
(see Rayleigh)
thunderstorm
(see Single cell thunderstorm;
Multicell thunderstorm; Supercell; Squall
line; Squall line with trailing stratiform
precipitation; Mesoscale convective
systems, life cycle of precipitation area)
Centrifugal force, 33, 309-311, 413
Charge
distribution in squall line, 353-354
distribution in thunderstorm, 271-276, 280-
282
reversal temperature, 271-272, 353
Circulation
ageostrophic, 32, 442, 444-445, 451-453, 457,
459, 460, 463, 475-477
in tornado vortex, 305-311
primary/secondary, in hurricane, 411,
414-
416, 418, 433, 425, 427
Cirriform clouds, 15-19, 22-23, 174-189, 191-
192, 406, 469-472, 489, 498, 508
Cirrocumulus, 7, 15-17, 61, 137, 138, 174, 188,
193
Cirrostratus, 15-17, 19, 137, 138, 174, 179,
218, 508
Cirrus, 6, 15, 16, 137, 138, 174,508,512
fibratus, 17
floccus, 16, 175, 188, 194
spissatus, 17-18, 175, 177, 179, 194
uncinus, 16-17, 175, 177-179, 188, 194,207
Clausius-Clapeyron equation, 73
Climate, 138, 154
Cloud
are, 315
bands, 16, 19, 25, 438, 469-472
banner, 22, 529-530
cold, 69, 77, 81-95, 101, 105-106,273
condensation nuclei, 71-72, 83, 98-99, 140-
141
droplets, defined, 75
etages,
5-7,
13
funnel, 249, 253, 278, 297-303, 306, 411-413
genera,
5-8,
9, 13, 15, 405
horseshoe-shaped, 19, 522-526
ice, 94, 101, 105-106,210,217
lenticular, 7,
19-21,501,504
liquid water, 94, 95,
97,101,102,104,105,
199, 261, 264, 532
modeling, 253-267, 360
rope, 477
species,
5-7
streets, 9, 13, 165-169,439, 499
types
(see Genera of clouds)
wall, Fohn, 20, 513
wall, in hurricane
(see Eyewall, cloud)
wall, in supercell thunderstorm, 278, 299
warm, 69, 98, 102-105,244
wave, 19-20, 501-530, 532, 534
Clouds
convective
(see Convective clouds)
in frontal cyclone,
19,24,25,
137, 155, 196,
201,203-210,212,262,266,275,438-
440,447,449,460-463,467-496,50t;
531,532
in occlusion, 473, 474, 489-496, 499
in polar low, 25, 438-440, 447, 496-500
Coalescence, 76-80, 100, 103, 141, 210
Cold pool, 319, 330-333, 350-351, 355-361,
363-369, 375, 385
Collection, 94, 97, 98, 100, 106, 114
continuous, 76-78, 85, 104
efficiency, 77, 78, 86, 104, 106
kernel,78
of cloud water, 76, 103,
104,201,208,210,
275
stochastic, 78-80, 99, 101, 241
Collision efficiency, 77-78
Comma
cloud, 25, 439, 447, 475, 496-499
pattern, 467, 469, 472, 489
Condensation, 28-29, 66, 72-75, 84, 95, 98,
102, 103, 137, 145, 149, 150, 152, 159, 187,
191,207,228-230,242,243,269,299,415,
429,461-463,467,493,504,531-534
Confluence mechanism, 451-452, 458, 462
Continuity equation, 29, 41, 52, 62, 124, 128-
129,307,452,456,505
anelastic, 37,
128,233,255,266,288,422,428
Boussinesq, 37,
186,232,304,443-444,506
Continuous collection, 76-78, 85, 104
Convection
bubble model, 234-236, 245
embedded in nimbostratus, 204-210, 214
hypothesis for electrification, 272