Houghton David. Political Psychology: Situations, Individuals, and Cases
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Simon, Herbert x, 31
Situational determinism; see
situationism.
Situationism 4, 10–11, 13–18;
and international relations theory
216–220; and neuroscience
152–153; and terrorism 207–209;
and voting behavior 157; and
Western notion of legal responsibility
43–44, 66; as a critique of Barber’s
“presidential character” theory
96–97; attribution theory and
118–119, 131; contrasted with
dispositionism 4–5, 22–23; defined
4; emphasized by social psychology
25; forms of 8–19; “gray area” with
dispositionism 6–8; “hyper-
situationism” 9; integration with
dispositionism 13, 232–241 passim;
power of situations 13–18; see also
dispositionism
Skinner, B.F., 10, 37–44 passim 82; see
also behaviorism; conditioning
Slater, Lauren 233
Smith, Steve 219
Snidal, Duncan 227
Sniderman, Paul 193, 196, 198
Snyder, Richard 220
Social Cognition (Fiske and Taylor) 187
Social dominance theory: and
psychology of nationalism 174–175;
and psychology of racism 186–187;
and social dominance orientation
(SDO) 174–175, 186–187
Social identity theory: and psychology
of nationalism 171–173, 178; and
psychology of racism 194–195;
minimal group paradigm of 172
Social pressure: and Asch line
experiments 47–49; and Challenger
shuttle disaster 67–68; and Janis’s
groupthink theory, 71–78 passim; and
Milgram’s shock experiments 49–52
Social psychology: differences with
cognitive psychology 9–10, 22–23
Sorensen, Theodore 75
Spielberg, Steven 19
Spock, Mr. 134–136
S-R (Stimulus-Response) Behaviorism;
see Behaviorism.
Stalin, Joseph 108, 123
Stanford experiment 8, 10, 17, 44; as
an illustration of situationism 60–61;
criticisms of 61–63; ending of 60;
ethical concerns about 62–63; mock
“prison” used in 59; purpose of 57;
parallels with Abu Ghraib scandal 57,
64–65; “reality” of 59; role of “John
Wayne” in 59–60; summarized
59–63; screening processes used in
59; transformation of subjects in
59–60, 61; variation in behavior of
subjects in 62; see also Zimbardo,
Philip; The Lucifer Effect; Abu Ghraib
scandal.
Star Trek 134–135
“State of nature” 24, 60–61
Stein, Janice Gross 226–228
Steinberg, Blema 139
Stereotyping 187–190; and affect
191–193; and “cold” cognition
187–190
Stern, Eric 80–82
Stevenson, Adlai 29
Stewart, Jon 61
Stewart, Potter 169
Stone, William 24
Stouffer, Samuel 197–198, 200
Suedfeld, Peter 102
Suicide Killers (film) 211
Suicide terrorism 211–215
Sullivan, John 120–121, 197–198, 200
Sundelius, Bengt 80–81
Sung, Kim Il 224
Superego 26–27, 86
Superficial similarity: cognitive appeal
of 127, 128
Sylvan, Donald 129–130
Taber, Charles 138
Tabula Rasa; see “blank slate”
Taine, Hippolyte 24
Tajfel, Henri 171–173, 194
Talaska, Cara 191
Taliban 21
Taylor, Maxwell 207
Taylor, Shelley 6, 117, 119, 187–188
Terrorism 12; definition of 202;
frustration-aggression theory and
202–203; narcissism-aggression
theory and 203–207, passim; negative
identity theory and 204–205;
political psychology of 201–215;
psychoanalytic accounts of 204–207;
situational theories of 207–209;
suicide terrorism and 211–215
278 Index
“Terrorist personality”: attempts to
uncover 13; move away from notion
of 233, 202
Tetlock, Philip 78, 102
Thagard, Paul 126
Thatcher, Margaret 19
The Agenda (Woodward) 96
The American Voter (Campbell et al.) 29,
158
The Cult of the Suicide Bomber (film) 211
The Fog of War (film) 230
The Hidden-Hand Presidency (Greenstein)
108
The Human Behavior Experiments (film) 63
The Lucifer Effect (Zimbardo) 3, 17, 61,
66, 207; parallels between Stanford
experiment and Abu Ghraib drawn in
65, 207; situationist argument in 61,
66, 236
The Mind of the Political Terrorist
(Pearlstein) 203
The Nature of Prejudice (Allport) 188
The Need to Have Enemies and Allies
(Volkan) 175
The Poverty of Historicism (Popper) 98
The Presidential Character (Barber) 11,
93–97
The Psychological Dimension of Foreign
Policy (de Rivera) 220
The Responsible Electorate (Key) 161–162
The Selfish Gene (Dawkins) 176–177
The Specialist (film) 17
The World in Their Minds (Vertzberger)
106
“The Vietnam” torture position 64
Thompson, Fred 159
Thompson, Llewellyn “Tommy” 119, 231
Thomson, James 230
Thorndike, Edward 37
Tingley, Dustin 153
Tito, Marshal 180
Tolerance 197–200; and dispositionism
200; and McCarthyism 197, 199;
measurement of 198; in South Africa
194–195; in United States 197–200;
“Islamophobia” 198–200
Total Recall (film) 165
“Trophy photos” 19, 63–64, 65, 67
Trotsky, Leon 108
Truman, Harry: and misperception of
Stalin 122–123; as “active-positive”
93–94, 95; “can do” personality of 94;
“the buck stops here” quote of 237
Tuckman, Bruce 81
“Tuesday Lunch Group” 77
Turner, John 172, 194
Tversky, Amos 224–225
Unconscious, the: Of Woodrow Wilson
89; role of within Freudianism
86–87, 204
United Nations (UN) Convention
Against Torture 16
Utility maximization 30
Vance, Cyrus 8; and use of the Pueblo
analogy 129, 131
Van Hechten, Renee 174
Verba, Sidney 160–161, 162
Vertzberger, Yaacov 69–70, 106, 120,
137, 140
Vietnam War: and Henry Kissinger’s
operational code 110–111; and U.S.
relationship with Ho Chi Minh
76–77; as an analogy 126; as “vivid”
experience 120; background of
76–77; end of 76; “inevitable” nature
of 96–97; Lyndon Johnson’s handling
of 76–78, 110, 127–128, 230;
Richard Nixon’s handling of 94; U.S.
decision to escalate 11, 76–78, 92,
127–128, 230
Volkan, Vamik 175–176, 214
Voltaire 197
Voting behavior: and cognitive research
162–165; and Index of Political
Predisposition 157; and issue voting
160–162; and party identification 29,
157–160; as a rational process
29–30; decision-making process in
165–167; dispositionism in 157–160;
online versus memory-based
perspectives in 165–167; psychology
of 157–167; situationism in 157;
study of 28–30
Wahabbism 209
Walden Two (Skinner) 38–39, 41;
characters of Frazier, Castle and
Burris in 38–39
Walker, Stephen 106, 110–112, 113
Wallace, George 196
Wallas, Graham 24
Wallenberg, Raoul 53–54
Waller, James 47, 54, 178, 183
Waltz, Kenneth 5, 9, 217–219
Index 279
“War on Terrorism” 21
Watson, John B., 37, 39, 44
Wattenberg, Martin 160
We All Lost the Cold War (Lebow and
Stein) 227–228
Weinstein, Edwin 89
Wendt, Alexander 217
West, Dean 89
Westen, Drew 87, 144–145, 146–147
Whistleblowers 19
White, Ralph 141, 216, 229
Whitlam, Gough 223
Wilkins, Roger 189
Wilson, Joseph 11, 88–89
Wilson, Woodrow 11, 28; Freud’s
theory of 87; George and George’s
theory of 28, 88–89; inflexibility of
89; strokes suffered by 89; supposed
insecurity of 88–89
Wilson’s Ghost (McNamara and Blight,
231)
Winter, David 102, 103
With Malice Toward Some (Marcus et al.)
200
Wolfowitz, Paul 239–240
Wood, Jeremy 196
Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House
(Wilson) 11, 28, 88–89, 97;
criticisms of 89
Woodward, Bob 96, 240
Woodward, Susan 180–181
World Trade Center 16, 132, 207
World War II: as an analogy 126; as
“vivid” experience 120
Zajonc, Robert 132, 137
Zakaria, Fareed 208–209
Zelikow, Philip 71, 219
Zimbardo, Philip 3–5, 8, 10, 17,
18, 44, 57–68 passim 236; as a
defense witness in trial of Ivan
“Chip” Frederick 66; as a situationist
57, 60–61, 65, 82; “bad barrel”
theory of 60–61, 65, 82; role in
the Stanford experiment 62; view
of good and evil 57–59, 207; see
also Stanford experiment; The Lucifer
Effect
280 Index