Ершов Ю.Г. Философия права
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6*+7,-1 -,H+7,5?1 -,H,!+7!,51 1 6!G,0,51 -.?1 G1
0,-/,:0,6-01 1 /621 ,1 /,,+*1 1 /,,+K?1 --<1
-<,-,*+7>G1 1 :0-<>G1 ,1 ",-!6-01 , L-0>G1
-!,01 1 ,,85?1 ,,>1 /:0>1 , -/271 !-+,0*1
6+*1 -<,+:H1 ,6+7>G1 606,01 1 ,++0,0?1 +;
:H1 2->G1 -,01 1 /, ,-5?1 !671 ,1 606!+7;
>G1+1,++0>GJ
%
(1
1!6!21-,2-1/02,51.,<,5?1:/6,0,/5-,1
"=6-,1, L-0,1,+2-*1,1+,"2>G1, :,05101
>G1-,H+7,;!+7!>G1",G(1 16!"G1-G11H0;
+:H*G1 "=6-,1 , L-0,1 -+,1 0,:71 :2+7,1
/,:=1SNAN191NN100(T1?10,1<,",<?1/,610,:65-0<10,/5-,51
H0+:H(1B-+1 -G,671:10,/,H--,51<,6,+,";
2-,51 !-,01 1 ,/6+*71 "=6-,1 , L-0,1 01 !:,<1
:2?10>6+**101<1H,-11-!>1/0,0,51:L>1
+2,-1 1 1 2-,-, -02-G1 -,0?1 ,1 <>11 5;
6<1 +,"2>G1 -!!1 01 :08,<?1 ,.,<+,<1 06(1
,M,<!1 /G,6-*1 :2+7,1 06,:<*71 /, +<!1 "=;
6-,",1 , L-01 6+*1 -1 1 :/6>G11 /,-;
-,H+-2-G?10,-,2>G?1-1I7",1<J?1",0,71,1
",1 :+,-?1 6.,<,0,-?1 ,-!-01 1 (/(?1/1 -0;
1-1IM+,,<J(1
C=6!1<?1-+1--<071/,*1"=6-,",1, L;
-01018,,<1-<>-+11--<!1-<,6*+7>G1,":H51
2+,01-,H!<16+*1:L>1-0,G1-,01/,<<,1",-!6-01
101G;,1-+!2*G1910,/1",-!6-0!?1,111U/6?111
,-,1, !=-*1-G,6>1/,H-->?1G,*11,+2KL-*1/,1
-/1 -0,-?1 /,1 .,<(1 1 6H,>G1 , L-0G1
,-,1,2,11=?1101-60,0,51B0,/?1-!L-0,0+1
-<7*?1 , L?1 ,.--,+7>1 , P6*?1 /,.--,+7;
>1"!//>?1.,<+7>1,++0>11(/(1F1-<+-71:;
LL71-0,1"!//,0>1+1,/,0>1->101/H/1
1 =?1 1 0,/5-1 ",,6?1 "+761 +1 ,<<!>(1 :01
M,?1<>?1:!<-*?16,+=>1/:711-7:>1,+2*?1,,;
>1-0*:>?10,;/0>G?1-1:+2*<101,,8*G1<=6!1",-!;
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
%
1 E:A3F7 7 8,H/H*1 "=6-,",1 , L-011 65>1 -,1 1 ,-,0>10G1
.,<,0*1331,/,->1.+,-,.(1%EE%(1Q1'(17(1R$(1
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6-0,<11",-!6-0,5?12-,51-.,5?10,;0,>G?1-1:;
+2><1G,<1,/,0>G1, L>G1"!//101:/6>G11
:/6>G1, L-0G(1
1 ,2,<1 ,"1 "=6-,1 , L-0,1 1 U/61 -+,=;
+,-711--<1, -/2*1=:6*+7,-1M,,<2-,5?1
-,H+7,51 1 6!G,0,51 -.?1 G1 0,-/,:0,6-01 1 /621 ,1
/,,+*11/,,+K(1O,191--<10,,<>G11,,-+7;
,1:0-<>G1,1",-!6-01, L-0>G1-!,011,,;
85?1,,>1/:0>1, -/271!-+,0*16+*1-<,+:H1
,6+7>G1606,011,++0,0?16,-=*12->G?16;
06!+7>G1 +1 ,++0>G1 H+5(1 B-+1 ",-!6-0,1 91 M,?1
/=61 0-",?1 /,--0,1 "+<,0>G1 0:<,,,8;
51 /,+2-G1 -! P,0?1 ,1 "=6-,1 , L-0,1 91 /,;
--0,1 606!+7,",1 1 -<,-,*+7,",1 0> ,1 -0, ,6;
>G1 "=6?1 -.1 +2,->G1 1 -<5>G1 0:<,,,85(1
81,>,1-,H+7,1, :,01"=6-,1, L-0,1;
<>-+<,1 01 /01 -0, ,6,",1 0>:61 1 0P:6?1 8,,",1!+7;
!,",11!2,",1-,!62-01-1:! =><1",-!6-0;
><11, L-0><1,":H*<?1-0, ,6>1-+,0?1"+-,-?1
6,-!/11.,<H(1
3:01 -, >51 01 NN1 01 /,:+,?1 2,?1 -<,*1 1
-<+1/,+2-G1=<,01/,6271-.>1"=6-,;
",1 , L-01 ",-!6-0,<!1 ,,+K?1 01 -G1 -1 /,2><1
6H*<1"=6-,51!+7!>11:0><1<G:<<1-;
<,!/0+*1 ",-!6-0,1 >+,1 0>!=6,1 --6,,2071
-, -0!K1 0+-7?1 -,65-0,071 .,<,0K1 ,0>G1 <G;
:<,01-<,"!+,0*(1
C,L>1 .,>1 "+, +:H1 <,0,",1 -,2-,",1
/,H--1, !-+,0+0K12-2,1-,0/61-</,<,011;
6H51 01 :01 "=6-,",1 , L-01 1 U/61 1 6!"G1
-G(1</>11!-/8,-71/,H--,01<,6:H101!-+,0*G1
"+, +:H110,:-*1,!H10-1 ,+1,/6+*K-*1
-/,-, ,-7K1 G,671,</,<-->?1L0716H1-;
6,51!+7!>(11-,0<>G1,--5-G1!-+,0*G101,+1<;
6,1 -1 : =,-7K1 6,+=,1 0>-!/71 ",-!6-0,?1 -1 ",1
-"2-,51 /,+,5?1 /2-,51 6*+7,-7K1 01 -.1
",-!6-0,",1!/0+*?1/1,<1/<,<1!-+,0?12,1
1
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#
3
",-!6-0,165-0!101-,,0-01-10,:<,=,-*<1->11
2-,1:<*KL<-*108<1!-+,0*<(1
1F<2*1:0-<,-71"=6-,",1 , L-01,1 ",-!6;
-0?1:/110<8+7-0,10+-1012-!K1=:71"=6?11
!=,1 -,+K:,071 0,,<K1 +2,-1 01 , L-01 01
!L 1 , L-0><1 -<?1 /,0,/,-0+*71 2-,1 1
/! +2,1/0,(152,-710-"61-!L-0!101<G1:+2,;
",1 ,61 ,.H+7>G1 1 .,<+7>G1 , P651 1 ,":;
H5?1 ,-!L-0+*KLG1 /,H--1 /-,+:H(1 D-!--0,1
/,0,/,-0+1 , L-01 1 ",-!6-0?1 !0=6*1 ,1
/H/+7,51 0=6 ,-1 ",-!6-01 1 "=6-,<!1 , ;
L-0!1 20>1 /,,2><1 /2-<1 /,-+6-0*<(1 ,;
0-60*1 =:71 +K651 -,1 0-<1 <,",, :<1 G1 /, ,-5?1
-,0?1H+51 1/02>G1 .,<1G1 +:H*11 !1 /! ;
+2,10+-1916+*1-,"+-,0*11"H1606!+7>G1!-;
+511"!//,0>G165-0516+*10,-/,:0,6-01H+,-,-1, L;
-0?1/6,0L*1,.+,0?18*1, L-,H+7>G1:62(1
g,-,1:,, :1"=6-,",16<,2-,",1, L-01
!1 =-,51 -!!>1 :,,0?1 /0+1 1 -!,0?1 -, +K;
6<>G1 ",-!6-0,<1 1 -,:+7,1 0,-/,:0,6<>G1 ,-,0,51
<--,51-+*Y1,+7,101M,<1-+!21,1<,",, :1-,;
0-*1-!-,<1"H12+,011-,H!<(1
1E=6-,1 , L-0,?1 1 1 ",1 -!>?1 -!L-0!1 1
.!H,!1 01 -,51 0:<,-0*:1 -1 /,+2-<1 -!;
<1",-!6-0(15K *1/,/>?1/<?1/, +7-G1,;
":H5?1M,+,"2-G160=511(/(1:<71:,1+16,;
7-*1,/6+>G1851,1",-!6-0,510+-?1/6;
1G165-0*<1/,+2-51G?11G1-<G16+1-! P;
,<1/,+2-G1,,85(1
,1 , L-0,1 1 -,:1 - *1 ,,-+7,1 -<,-,*+7;
><1/,1,,8K11",-!6-0!1, :,0<?1,-,0>0KL<;
-*11,+7,11,!H?1,111.!6<1,/6+,",1
H,-,",1 -,"+-*?1 -,+6,-?1 ,,1 -,6=1 ,+7,1 /6;
/,->+1 "=6-,",1 , L-0(1 1 M,51 -0*:?1 /1 81 0,;
/,-1 ,1 ,<?1 1--,HH10G,6*101<1"=6-,",1 , ;
L-0?1!=,1-,,,-71,!K1--,HHK1+1,":;
HK1-10>/,+<1K1G1.!H5?1,,>1/-!L1"=6;
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-,<!1 , L-0!11 "H*1 -,H!<?10061 -,H+7>G1 ,;
.+,0101H0+:,0>1<Y1/,6!H,01,<11H,;
-5?1,,>1:<1-/+*1-0,51-H51",-!6-0,Y1, ;
:,01-6>?1"61.,<!-*1, L-0,10>51606(1
81 M,<!1 <,=,1 / 071 .!HK1 0,:65-0*1 1",-!6-0,?1
.,<,0*1",101-,,0-01-16<,2-<1,<<11
-<1"=6(1O,151-0101<,1"=6-,;
",1 , L-01 *61 "!//11 :+2,",1 ,61 ,":H?1 !+70;
!KL1-,H+7,1 /,06?1 <+:,0>?1<.,:>1
, P6*?1--,HH?1/,/,06!KL1M,H,+7!K1-;
+K2+7,-7?1 .:<?1 .!6<+--1 0:"+*6>1 :+2;
,",1,+(1,",1,61, P6*1/,0,21-!1"=6;
-,",1, L-0?1,1/,-,+7!1,1*0+*K-*1",1/,,=6<?1/,1
<-8 <1/,6, >G1-,H+7>G1-!!11/,1,,8K11<1
<,=,1-!671,1G11-/1:0,-1"=6-,",1, ;
L-0101,51+1,51-(11
18<1,-*1G1+1>G1-!!11"=6-,;
<!1 , L-0!1 -,0*-*1 , G,6<>1 1 6,-,2>1 /:?1
-,0/6KL101:+2>G1",1,/6+*G(1>6+<101--,H;
H*G1"=6-,",1, L-01,-,0>12-011%T101G?101,+;
21 ,1 ",-!6-0>G1 -!!?1 1 =-,51 H+:H1 1
/, +6K1 ,,8*1 ,!H1 1 -,+6,-1 <=6!1
K62-<1-0, ,6><110,/0><1/<Y1#T1M1
--,HH1 ,,-+7,1 0,,<>1 ,1 ",-!6-0Y1 RT1 <1 /;
-!L1I"=6-0,-7J191!<1-27-*1-1-<16!;
"G1+K65?1-<1, L-0?1:,,/,-+!8,-7Y1@T16+*1G1
G>1 6, ,0,+7,-71 !2-5?1 /,60=,-71 -,H+7>G1
-0*:5?1-0, ,61,1/!=6*?10,/01,,85(11
E=6-,1, L-0,?11+K *1-,H+7*1, L,-7?1-;
,2,?1 :<20,Y1 <,=,1 :.-,071 1 /,+:,071
,>1-!!>?101,,>G10,/+,L-*1</!+7-11.,<;
,0K1 1 M0,+KH1 "=6-,",1 , L-01 1 ,,>1 ->;
0K1",12>101M0,+KH(11+7,51=:112G1"51
<=6!1:+2><1-,<1"=6-,",1, L-0?10,11
G11 <=6!1 <11 ",-!6-0,<(1 F6,1 0>6+1 MG1 -;
H51/,:0,+*10>*0711/,+:,071:+2>1-,,>1
<,6:H1, L-011",-!6-0?10>6+7160=!L1-+>1
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3
G1 .,<,0*?1 2,1 ,-, ,1 0=,1 -",6*1 6+*1 3,--1 1
6!"G1 /,--,H+-2-G1 -(1 1 /,-+61 ",6>1 01 3,--1
0,:+,1 6,-,2,1 ,+78,1 ,+2-0,1 60=51 1 ,":;
H5?1/6!KLG11/6-0+7-0,1"=6-,",1, L-011
/0,:L>11M,+,"2-1,":HY1, L-01/,1:L1
/01/, +*Y1, P6*101-.1!?1!+7!>11, :,;
0*11=-11<,+,6=>160=*11(/(106?1/,1<-;
8 1 G1 6*+7,-1 1 0+*1 1 , L-0>1 /,H-->1 ;
:2+7>?1 01 ,<1 2-+1 1 :;:1 -,/,0+*1 6<-0;
>G1-!!(1
1F L-0*1 +1 3,--?1 -,:6*1 /,1 H01
((1!?16,+=1 >+1-71+:,,<1:0*1"=6;
-,",1 , L-0?1 0> >071 --<>1 8*1 ,+1 ,;
+:>G1 /, +<1 S66,0L101 <?1 M2-1,.+>?1
/,-*"+7-011/01=!+-,0?1/-!/+*1/,01651
1 <,"1 6!"T(1 F L-0*1 +1 /:01 , -/2071
-,"+-,01 , L-0,1 :2<>G1 -,01 "=61 3,--?1
, L-0>G1 , P65?1 ,",01 ",-!6-0,51 0+-1 1
,",01 <-,",1 -<,!/0+*?1 :LL71 /01 1 -0, ,6>1
"=6?1 ,-!H,>51 -,51 1 6<,2-1 /H/>1
:0*1 "=6-,",1 , L-01 01 3,--5-,51 6H(1 ,1
/<!L-0,16<-0>51 /,*6,1.,<,0*1F ;
L-0,51+>11,<6+7>51G11/,+,<,251
0>:>0K1-,<*101:!+70,-116*+7,-(11
12:1:6131#$%%1",61-,+7,1-8+1,</;
HK17,01 /1 /:61 /,1:0K1"=6-,",1, L;
-011/0<12+,0(1/717,01<,=10,-71/6+,=*1
/1 /,6",,01 =",6>G1 /,-+51 /:61 6+7,<!1
7, K?1/"+8711-0,1:-6*11,+7,1.6+7>G1
1",+7>G?1,11<!H/+7>G12,0,0?10,-71,;
<6H1/,1/621,6+7>G1.!H5
1",-,",01-!<1
"=6-,",1, L-0(11
F-, ,1:2101-,0<,513,--1/, 10,/,-1,1
,+1 g01 01 , L-0?1 /=61 0-",?1 0,-+0,51 91 006!1
2-+,",1 ,+78-01 1 /-0>1 1 :>0,51 -,2-,51
-0*:1-1",-!6-0,<11, L-0,<(17,H+7*16,13g1,;
2+0,1H+110,:,=616!G,0,-101, L-011, ;
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1 H,+7,51 6?1 -,G1 !+7!,;-,2-,51
-<, >,-1->(1,66=0*16K1<,6:H?1g,071
/<1 0> ,1 , L-01 01 /,+7:!1 /0,0,",1",-!6-0?1 -;
-<01 -0, ,6!1 -,0-1 1 , G,6<,1 !-+,01 ,-!L-0;
+*11<--1/,1-,:6K1G12-01"=6-,",1, L-;
0?11/,:<?1!0=11-,2-<16H*<?10-;
0*1+2,-711(6(11F-,0G1-,H+7,51,H/H13!--,51
0,-+0,51 g01 :.-,0,11 I3+",:,;<,0,:;
:2-51 5+1 ",-!6-01 1 /,0,21 G-;
-,<!1 /6-0+K1 ,1 /:01 g01 01 , L-0(1 F6,1
g,071 6,+=1 !:>071 ",-!6-0!1 1 6,/!-<,-71 -;
/,-*1! =651+165-05?106!LG11!-,0+K1
0-H+,",1 ,,+*161 =:7K1+2,-?11 ! =6*<11,;
,8*<1-16!"<1+K67<?11=11:!8K1+2,5?1-;
<5,51 +1, L-0,51 0-0,-?1 ,-, +K1 +";
,:>G12!0-0?1-K1!L 1!+7!,;6!G,0,51-<, >,;
-1,61+10,:,0K1!",:>1-0*L,<!16!1=:J
%
(11
1A!G!1 "=6-,",1 , L-01 0/,+1 -,:0!21 /:>01 ;
G1 8++1 1 -,+6,<!1 1 -+7-0,<!1 8K1
,->G1-,H+7>G11<=H,+7>G1/, +<?16-0!10+-1
1 , L-01 0,!"1 , LG1 H,-511 /06>?1 -0, ,6>?1 -/06;
+0,-?12-?1: ,>1, 1, L<1 +"(11,.H+7,516,1
-/06+0,1!:>0-*?12,1/H/1-0-,-1",-!6-011
,:21 6+7,",1 0>-*1 +"1 :1 0-G1 -.1 =:1
,6(1D:0-,1:6+1-.1,</H1g0110+-?1
0<8+7-0,1G10,10!16+16!"16!"1-,0<-<,1-1
!2-<1+",:>G1, P6510181, L-0,1:;
2<>G1:62(11
g,07116,+=1 711- *1.!H?1/6+=L1",;
-!6-0!?1 /6/,+"KL1 /!=61 +1 ,"2(1 E,-!;
6-0,1 1 6,+=,1 0<807-*101=:71g0?1011!/0+?1
0,!2?1 +!"2-!K1 =:7?1 6!G,02-!K1 /!1 1 1
6+?1 :1 -+K2<1 G1 -,,?1 ,,>1 /6/,+"K1 1 6*;
+7,-71012-01K62-,",1+H?1: =,10-!/KL",101
-,,0-0!KL1,,8*1-1",-!6-0,<?1",1:,,6+7-0,<1
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
%
1 F-,0>1 -,H+7,51 ,H/H1 3!--,51 0,-+0,51 g01 331 F.H+7>51 -51
C,-,0-,",1/G(17(1%#(1
1
1
1
#!
3
10+-><1,"<(1g,071,=61,1",-!6-01!0=*11
1,2-<1,<<11><10!<1!-,0+*<(1
1,1=10<*1g,071<,=1, L7-*11",-!6-0,51
0+-1 -1 /,-7 ,51 +1 /:>0,<1 !/, 71 0+-71 01 G1 +1
>G1-+!2*G?1,6,1/0,18*1M,",10,/,-1,--*1:1",;
-!6-0,<
%
(11
,:,01 I/,"2>GJ1 ,":H51 "=6-,",1
, L-01 -+!=16,:+7-0,<1 ",1 /,-,*,",1 :0*(1;
,,>1 --,HH1 -,0*-*1 0=,51 -,-0,51 2-7K1 ",1
=:6*+7,-?1 6!"1 /LK1 -0,1 -!L-0,0?1 2,1
-06+7-0!1,1.,<,01<,",, :*1<,6+51"=6;
-,",1 , L-0(1 81 /,"2><1 -!!<1 "=6-,",1 , L;
-01 -+6!1 ,-1 /,+2-1 /1 1 ,/,H(1 ?1
7((1"!6,01/6+"1-2712-7K1"=6-,",1, L-01
,+7>1-!!>1/?10>-KL1:161-,H!;
<?10>0,6*1:1",1/6+>12-710+-,51M+>1SI/+<-!K1
/KJT?1--KL!K-*1-,1-!!<1",-!6-01
#
(1
3>,2>?12->1/,:0,6-0>1-!!>1"K1,";
,<!K1,+7101, -/210,,<1, L-01,1",-!6-0?1
,1/,1-0,51"+0,51.!H1M,1M,,<2-?111-,H+7>1
,":H?1 /,-,>1 /,1 G2-,<!1 /H/!(1
(1X<1 /6+"1 01 ,/6+1 "=6-,",1 , L-01
0+K271/!1,1:0-<,-11,+7,1,1",-!6-0?1,11,1
I2->G16H1/,:0,6-0110,-/,:0,6-0J?1,1-71.<1
1 -<5(
R
1 6<,?1 ,+1 :!<><1 0>0,6,<1 *0+,-71 >1/;
:1G,:*5-0>G1,/,H51-!!<1"=6-,",1, ;
L-01+871/,-,+7!?1/,-,+7!1,10>/,+*K1-,H+7>11
-,H+7,;/,+2-1.!H(1
,<=!,2,1<-,1<=6!1,"<1",-!6-0,510+;
-11, L-0,51-<,,":H51:<K1:,0>1,">1
<-,",1-<,!/0+*(1
,H?11/,<=!,2,51-.1<,=,1,-11-6-01
<--,0,51.,<H11+>1-<,0>=*1, L-0?1.;
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
%
1F-,0>1-,H+7,51,H/H13!--,510,-+0,51g0(17(&(1
#
1"!6,017((1E=6-,1, L-0,101/,+2-,<1:<1331CO11CF(1%EE)(1
Q1%#(1
R
1 2DA37 41 3:<>8+*1 ,1 "=6-,<1 , L-011 ,-,+6H1 6<,1 331
,+-(1%EEF(1Q1)(17(1%%F(1
1
#"
3
,1 .,<,0*1 , L-0,",1<*(1 1-,0<,<1, L;
-01 !+,,1 0,:-1 ,+71 :0-<>G1 M+,>G1 1 /;
2>G1 7CD?1 -/,-, >G1 M..0,1 .,<,071 1 0>=71
, L-0,1<(1,1"! +71/,+*:H*1-6-01<--,;
0,51 .,<H1 1 ,">?1 , -+!=0KL1 0+-7?1 /,+,-7K1
/,62>1 5?1 +1 -,-6,,2>1 1 :0+2*G?1 >1
,<<2-,51 +<>(1 +",6*1 0,:,0K1 <=6!,6;
,51 +,<<!H,,51 -1 D1 :00K-*1 ,0>1
.,<>1 .,<H,,",1 0:<,65-0*1 , L-01 1 ",-!6-;
0(1F1/,:0,+*K1,":,071/*<!K11, !K1-0*:71<=6!1
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%
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11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
%
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1
1
1
##
3
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1, !=0-*1016*+7,-1/5?160=5?1"!//1;
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1
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3
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6-,",1 , L-01 /,620-*1 ",1 :0-<,-71 ,1 ",-!;
6-0?1:/110<8+7-0,10+-1012-!K1=:71"=;
6?1 !1 -1 16,+=,1 0,:71-, +:16+*1/,0,/,-0+;
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%
(1
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-0, ,6,51 606?1 ((1 0,:<,=,-7K1 6+*1 +K ,",1 "=61
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51 %515!65
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11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
%
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#
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