E(p) = D(p) − S(p),
y
0
= αE(p)
E(p)
p
0
½
> 0, E(p) > 0
< 0, E(p) < 0
(3.14)
E(p) = 0
D(p) = a − bp, S(p) = c + dp,
a, b, c, d > 0
E(p) = (a − c) − (b + d)p,
p
∗
=
a − c
b + d
.
p
0
½
> 0, p < p
∗
< 0, p > p
∗
p
∗
p
p
∗
D(p) S(p)
p
∗
> 0 E(p
∗
) = 0
α > 0 f
0
(y
∗
) < 0
E
0
(p
∗
) < 0
D
0
(p
∗
) < S
0
(p
∗
).
D
0
(p) < 0 S
0
(p) > 0 p > 0