Drake G.W.F. (editor) Handbook of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
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1498 Subject Index
– atom–atom 753
– autodetachment 391
– autoionization 391
– basic definitions 741
–Born 714, 716
– charge exchange 761
– charge transfer 753, 775
– classical 659, 835, 841, 976
– classical trajectory method 869
– close-coupling 706
– continuum distorted wave method
775
– coordinate systems 694
– density matrix formalism 126,
695
– distorted wave 716
– elastic 659, 976
quantum amplitudes for 664
– electron–atom 367, 705
– electron–ion recombination 800,
829
– electron–molecule 720
– energy loss straggling 1375, 1392
– energy transfer cross section, for
Coulomb potentials 841
– identical particles 666
– intermediate and high energy 714
– ion–atom collisions 753, 761
– ion–atom ionization 789
– laboratory frame representation
720
– line broadening 279, 875
– linear algebraic equations method
714
– mass transfer 863
– model potential formulae 684
– molecular frame representation
721
– Monte Carlo method 869
– normalization choices 668, 790,
821
– optical potential 715
– orbiting and spiraling collisions
662
– orientation and alignment 123,
693
– photoionization 379
– potential scattering 112, 669
– reactive 561, 978, 984
ionic 576
– recombination 800, 829
– regions of validity (diagram) 871
– relativistic effects 708
– resonant 391, 671, 924
– R-matrix 712, 714, 723
– Rydberg atom collisions 835
– semiclassical 663, 675, 835
– Thomas process 863
– variational methods 713
– Wannier method 781
Schawlow–Townes formula 1028
Schiff cross section 663
Schmidt model 459
Schrödinger equation 109, 235, 307
– asymptotic form 200
– cusp conditions for 200
– for Zeeman effect 227
– hydrogenic 153
– many-electron 308
– mathematical properties of 200
– momentum space 156
– parabolic coordinates 155
– radial solutions of 667
– spherical coordinates 153
– three body 199
computational methods for 200
– time-dependent 1078
direct integration of 1086
solution of 724
– two-electron 199
Schrödinger’s cat 1144
Schwartz inequality 1146
Schwinger generating function 34,
45
Schwinger g-value 184
Schwinger variational method 713
Schwinger–Bargmann generating
function 44
Schwinger–Wu generating function
51
second quantization 105, 115
selection rules
– for electron impact excitation 932
– for molecular radiative transitions
521
– for nonadiabatic coupling 745
– for photoionization 381
– for radiative transitions 187
self-consistent field method
– energy derivatives 472
– for molecules 471
self-energy 208, 414, 439
self-focusing 1058
– critical power 1058
self-imaging 1133
self-induced transparency 1005
self-pulsing instability 1033
self-trapping 1058
semiclassical approximation 675,
783, 835, 951, 997
– for heavy particle scattering 754,
757
– for ionization 783
– Monte Carlo 871
semiclassical quantum defect
representation 837
semiclassical theory
– Young’s two slit experiment,
exclusion of 1185
semiconductor clusters 597, 598
semiconductor laser 1028, 1029,
1033
semirigid rotor 491
seniority 81, 117, 308, 350, 351
separability criterion 1216
separatrix curve 496
series limit 185
series summation formula 5
Seya–Namioka design 647
shakedown process 906, 925
shakeoff process 908, 922, 1358
shakeup process 906, 922, 1358
shallowest ascent path 469
Shannon’s information entropy 233
shape resonance 672
– in surface scattering 1346
Shavitt graph 96
shell structure
– group theory of 80
– mixed configurations 80
shelving state 1104
Sherman function 938
shocked gas, interstellar 1243
Shor’s algorithm 1223
Shore profile 905
shot noise 1188
SI units 1
Sil variational principle 778
silicon
–clusters 597
– oscillator strength spectrum 1375
– photodiode 650
– proton scattering cross section
1377
single active electron approximation
1086
single, double, triple, quadruple
(SDTQ) replacements 316
single-atom detection 1080
single-atom laser 1033
single-centered expansion 757
single-ion trap 457
single-particle model 902
single-photon sources 1182
singlet states 1218
singlet–triplet mixing
– helium mixing angles 216
– scattering phase difference 700
Subject Index
Subject Index 1499
– spin-flip cross section 667
sinusoidal variation 1171
Sisyphus effect 1097, 1098
–originof 1096
size extensivity 472
Slater determinant 115, 350, 471
Slater integral 309
Slater rules 106
Slater-type orbital 317
slice imaging 980
slow light 1020, 1205
slowly varying envelope
approximation 1000
– in de Broglie optics 1130
S-matrix 707, 882
– impact parameter 877
– near a resonance 710
SN1987A (supernova) 1242
Snell’s law 1131
sodium, energy levels of 237
solar corona
– emissivity of 1238
solar radiation
– interaction with the atmosphere
1265
solar wind 1266
solid harmonics 12
– orthogonality 13
– product 13
–table 69
– vector addition rule 13
solids
– impurity spectroscopy in 1012
soliton
– in dispersive nonlinear media
1058
– laser 1033
– optical pulse 1070, 1074
solvent shell 600, 603
Sommerfeld parameter 1359
space physics 1397
space shuttle environment 576
space-fixed coordinates 557
space-fixed frame 742
spark 644
spatial coherence length 1138
special functions 162
spectator stripping 979
spectator vacancy 921
spectral
– aliasing 610
– density 1170
– line series 185
– method, analysis of data 139
– range of laser emission 1036
– redistribution 286
– resolution 101
spectrometer 647
– Fourier transform 608, 648
– grazing incidence grating 648
– normal incidence grating 648
– spatial heterodyned 648
spectrometry
– photoelectron 908
spectroscopic data, atomic 197
spectroscopic factor 366
spectroscopic notation 176–179
spectroscopy
– accelerator based 265, 269, 1359
– atomic 175
– Auger 1346
– beam-foil 269
– beam-gas 270
– beam-laser 271
– cavity ring-down 1342
– cold-target recoil-ion momentum
922
– Doppler 539
– Doppler-free 1015
– electron emission 948
– electron energy loss 1345
– Fourier transform 608, 615, 648
– hole-burning 629, 1015
– infrared 607
absorption, defined 608
emission, defined 608
– intensity versus line position 515
–iontrap 272
–Lambdip 629
– laser 623
electric resonance (LER) 616
magnetic resonance (LMR)
616, 618
– linear 1012
–momentum 922
– nonlinear 1015
–ofclusters 590
– photoassociation 1103
– photoelectron 901
angle-resolved 1346
ultraviolet 1346
X-ray 1348
– polarization 1016
– pump/probe 1015
– Raman 1060
– recoil ion momentum 873, 948,
955
– saturation 1015
– selection rules 187
–Stark 238
– submillimeter and far-infrared
615
– three-level 1016
– time-resolved 539, 643
– translational energy 947
–two-level 1015
– two-photon 1017
– ultraviolet 641
– wavelength and frequency
standards 186
– wavelength ranges 185
spectrum generating algebras 87
speed of light 1
Spencer–Fano equation 1392
spherical harmonics
– angular momentum operator
actions 53
– definition 15
– spinor 53
–tableof 69
–tensor 52
– vector 53
spherical top 499
– Hamiltonian for 493
spin groups spin(m) 94
spin magnetic moment 998
spin polarimetry 908
spin-dependent effects
– in collisions 129
– on radiative transitions in helium
216
– on scattering 938
molecular 530
spin-dependent operators 97
spin-flip amplitude 667, 700, 938
spinor representation 94
spin–orbit interaction 177, 308,
335, 938
spinorial invariant 15
spin-polarized projectiles, scattering
of 130, 699, 938
spin–rotation Hamiltonian 519
spline, cubic 136
split-step method 1113
spontaneous decay 1010
spontaneous emission 1013, 1159
–rateof 215, 1169
– suppression of 1168, 1172
– Wigner–Weisskopf theory 1159
spontaneous symmetry breaking
– in molecules 501, 506
spontaneously broken symmetry
1114
squeeze operator 1144
squeezed state 1144
– gravitational radiation detection
1206
– two-mode, or twin-beam 1187
Subject Index
1500 Subject Index
squeezing
– amplitude 1188
– number 1188
– quadrature 1187, 1188
standard quantum limit (SQL) 1188
Stark
– ionization 231
– parameter 969
– representation 881
–shift 231, 239, 493
dynamic (ac) 1002, 1073, 1080
hydrogenic 92
linear 231
quadratic 232
third order 233
– spectroscopy 238
– switching 240, 241
state multipole
– definition 127
– for coupled systems 129
– symmetry properties 127
– time evolution 129
– transformation properties 127
stationary phase approximation
284, 675
– superluminal group delays 1203
statistical
– adiabatic channel model (SACM)
752
–analysisofdata 138
– weight (level, term) 187
steepest descent, method of 168
stellar atmospheres 1241
– circumstellar shells 1241
Stern–Gerlach effect
– atom optical 1128, 1134
–inverse 1137
Stieltjes imaging 1358
stimulated emission 1023
stimulated raman adiabatic passage
(STIRAP) 1019
stochastic differential equations
1158
– Ito approach 1158
– Stratonovich approach 1158
stochastic integrals 1158
stochastic model, laser 1079
Stokes amplification
– stimulated Raman scattering 1055
Stokes parameter 126, 131, 695
– angle-differential 126, 131
– definition 131, 132
– generalized 126, 131
–integrated 126, 131
Stokes vector 695
– density matrix representation 696
stopping power 959, 1379
– at small speeds 1380
straggling 1374
– energy loss 1381
extremely thin absorbers 1382
thick absorbers 1381, 1383
thin absorbers 1381
– Monte Carlo method 1384
– multiple scattering 1384
– range 1383
straggling function 1374
– analytic methods 1383
stratosphere
– terrestial 1261
stripping reaction 978, 989
strong coupling
– cavity QED 1173
– correspondence principle 840
– detecting and trapping atoms
1182
– in experiments 1174
– open optical cavities 1174
strong interaction 418
strong-field processes 1077
strontium, Rydberg states of
244
STU parameters 700
Stückelberg
– angle 1002, 1128
– oscillations 770
– phase 749
Sturmian basis set 759
Sturmian expansion 796
Sturmian functions 154
subexcitation electrons 1390
submillimeter spectroscopy 615
sub-Poissonian fields 1144
sum frequency generation 1054,
1056
– nonlinear polarization 1054
sum rule 393
– momentum space wave function
840
– oscillator strength 205
–radialintegral 837
supercontinuum light
– generation of 1062
supercontinuum radiation 644
superelastic scattering 936, 937
superfine splitting 497
superfine structure 494, 501, 506
– octahedral 502
superfluid 1117, 1118
– Fermion 1120
– strongly interacting 1120
superhyperfine structure 505
superluminal communication,
impossibility of 1200
superluminal group delays 1203
superluminal velocity
– in tunneling 1203
supermultiplet 178
supernova 1242, 1245
– ejecta 1242
– SN1987A 1242
– X-ray spectrum of 1236
supersonic
– beam 967, 1138
– expansion 967
surface
– extended X-ray absorption fine
structure (SEXAFS) 1349
– ionization detector 969
– of intersection 479
–physics 1343
surface-hopping approximation 752
surfaces, atomic processes on 1344,
1351
– adsorption and desorption 1352
– Auger spectroscopy 1346
– chemisorption 1352
– impact scattering 1345
– inverse photoemission spectroscopy
1347
– photoelectron spectroscopy 1346
– resonance scattering 1345
– X-ray absorption 1349
– X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
1348
swarm method 947
s-wave 1110
Swings effect, in comets 1251
symmetric resonance 750
symmetric rotator
– angular momentum operators 30
– body frame components 30
– inertial frame components 30
– wave functions 30
symmetric top 492, 519, 559
–energylevels 492
– Hamiltonian 492
– transition moments for 530
symmetry
– breaking 1114
–CPTtest 429, 430
– dynamical 87
– groups (algebras) 87
molecular 493, 498, 522
– oscillations 666
synchrotron radiation 642, 907
– insertion devices 918
– monochromator 908
Subject Index
Subject Index 1501
– polarization property 643
– sources 918
– spectral property 642
– temporal property 642, 643
– undulator 643
– wiggler 643
T
tableaux, outer product 79
Talbot effect 1133
target continuum distorted wave
approximation (TCDW) 777
target recoil method, for electron
scattering 933
target, excited, scattering from 936
Taylor expansion 135
Taylor series algorithm 142
teleportation of photons 1200
tensor construction 116
tensor coupled forms 116
tensor harmonics (table) 69
tensor operator
–algebra 37
coupling of tensor operator 39
properties of tensor operator 39
tensor operator 37
universal enveloping algebra 38
Wigner Operators 40
Wigner–Eckart theorem 39
– for coupled systems 129
– irreducible 38, 127
tensor representation 94
tensor spherical harmonics
– angular momentum operator
actions 52
term series 184
term value 184
term, atomic structure 176, 178
termolecular recombination 800
ternary reactions, ion–molecule 581
tetrahedral symmetry, molecular
499
thermal beam method 945
thermal coherence time 1138
thermal equilibrium
– density matrix for 125
thermal model
– of radiative association 571
thermal state 1177
thermal wavelength 1138
thermochemistry 1335
thermodynamical instability 1115
thermosphere
– model for the Earth and planets
1274
– terrestial 1261
Thomas peak 777, 865–867
Thomas process 863
– classical 863
– diagram for mass transfer 864
– equations of constraint 864
– interference effects 867
– off-energy-shell 866
– quantum 864
Thomas ridge 865
Thomas–Fermi approximation
1111, 1115, 1310
Thomas–Fermi theory 295, 1358
– Dirac exchange correction 299
– gradient expansion for the kinetic
energy 298, 302
– no-binding result for molecules
295
– nonrelativistic energy expansion
300
– relativistic effects 303
– von Weizsäcker correction 298
Thomas–Reiche–Kuhn sum rule
205, 1004
Thomson scattering 1006
– cross section 919
differential 919
– nuclear 917
Thomson theory of recombination
807
three-level processes 1016
three-level systems 1018
– special effects in 1018
three-point vertex
– irreducible 407
– reducible 406
threshold
– analytic continuation through
708, 793
threshold cross section
– for photodetachment 387
– for photoionization 383, 384,
386, 818, 906, 923
Auger decay effect 906, 923,
925
delayed maximum 384, 386
– orbiting (shape) resonances 672
threshold law
– Wannier 717, 781, 906
– Wigner 781, 906
threshold, laser
– condition for 1023
–gain 1023
– population difference 1023
– second threshold 1033
threshold, maser 1179
throughput advantage, in Fourier
transform spectroscopy 611
tidal recombination 800
tight-binding approximation 1122
tilting transformation 90
time evolution operator 124
time of flight technique 935
time orbiting potential trap 1116
time reversal symmetry 516
time-independent perturbation theory
101
time-of-flight (TOF) technique 935
time-of-flight analyzer 910
time-of-flight imaging 1117
time-ordered operator 111, 331
T-matrix 707, 882
Tokamak 872
tomographic reconstruction 974
Tomonaga–Schwinger equation 111
TOP trap 1116
topological phase 1136
total angular momentum of the
composite system
– SU(2) transformation properties
55
– uncoupled and coupled basis
vectors 55
total cross section 930
total internal reflection, frustrated
1203
total photoionization cross section
908
trajectory
– in Monte Carlo calculations 873
transfer excitation 753
transfer ionization 753, 943
transit time broadening 1103
transition array 178
transition moment matrix
– orbital and spin selection rules
523
transition probability, collisional
– approximate formulae 750
– double passage 749
– Landau–Zener model 746
– molecular 518
– multiple passage 751
– Nikitin model 747
– nonadiabatic 744
– Rosen–Zener–Demkov model
748
– single passage 746
transition state 575
– barrier 563
– loose 567
– theory
Subject Index
1502 Subject Index
bimolecular statistical 566
unimolecular statistical 568
– tight 567
translation factor 761
translational energy spectroscopy
947
transmission matrix 555
transmission method, for electron
scattering 933
transmittivity
– coefficient of 1131
transparency
– induced 1074
– self-induced 1070
transport cross section 665
transverse diffusion 1095
trap
– frequency 1110
– optical 1116
trapped ion method 946
trapping
–atom 1096, 1098, 1099, 1103,
1116
– axial motion 1101
– cyclotron motion 1101
–diffusion 1093
– dipole force 1096
– Earnshaw theorem 1098, 1099
– electron 1104
– Ioffe–Pritchard trap 1116
– ion chaos 1102
– ion crystal 1102
– ion phase transitions 1102
– Lamb-Dicke regime 1101
– linear trap 1100
– magnetic 1099, 1116
– magneto-optical 1098, 1103
– magnetron motion 1101
– many ions 1102
– micromotion 1100, 1101
– molecule 1096
– of charged particles 1099, 1101
– Penning trap 1101
– quantization of motion 1100
– quantum theory 1094, 1097
– race track 1100
– radius method, for recombination
processes 815
– secular motion 1100, 1101
– semiclassical theory 1093, 1097
– state 1073, 1179
– sympathetic cooling 1103
– time orbiting potential trap 1116
–TOPtrap 1116
– trap frequencies 1100, 1104
triple tensors 118
triple-centered expansion 758
tritium
– β-decay 1358
troposphere, terrestial 1261
tunneling 871, 1360
– dynamic 494, 497
matrix eigenvector table 503
– Hamiltonian matrix for 497
– in binary reactions 580
– ionization 240, 1081
– reaction mechanism 569
– resonance 672
– RRKM correction 569
– superluminal delay time 1203
– transmission probability for 1203
– Wigner correction to 569
tunneling time
– definitions 1203
– interpretation of 1204
– measurement using dieletric mirror
1203, 1204
– weak measurement approach
1205
twin beams and twin pulses 1145
two-beam resonance 1134
two-centered expansion 758
two-level atom 1000
–damped 1154, 1155
– density matrix 1010
– model Hamiltonian 1001, 1010
– squeezed bath 1154
– steady state 1005
two-loop corrections 441
two-particle operator 1108
two-photon
– absorption 1058
– coherence 1073
– corrections 441
– laser 1033
– process 1017
– resonance 1072
two-state approximation
– for collisions 743
two-step mechanism
– for heavy particle scattering 756
two-step process 1017
two-time correlation functions 1156
U
U(n) Casimir operators 93
U(n) representation theory 92
Ugo Fano 1397
ultracold collisions 1103
ultrafast electron diffraction 551
ultrashort pulse generation 1032
ultraviolet spectral region
– definition 641
– near ultraviolet 641
– vacuum ultraviolet 641
uncertainty principle
– energy–time form 1189
– in cryptography 1201
– number-phase form 1193
undulator 643, 907
unimolecular decay 566, 568
–thermal 568
unimolecular reactions 544
unit tensor operators
– coupling laws 41
unitary group approach (UGA) 92,
471
unitary group U(n) 92
– generators of 92, 471
unitary irreducible representations
18
units
– atomic 3
physical quantities in (table) 5
– electromagnetic 1
– Gaussian 1
– Heaviside–Lorentz 1
natural units 4
– in atomic spectroscopy 176
–SI 1
– systems of 1
universal set of quantum gates 1225
universe, early, molecular processes
in 1244
unrestricted Hartree–Fock (UHF)
110
up-conversion pumping 1041
uranium
– fully stripped 1359
V
vacancy production 953
– K-shell 952
– rotational coupling 956
vacancy states
– nomenclature 920
vacuum diagrams 107
vacuum fluctuations 1159, 1186
vacuum polarization 330, 353, 415,
440
– current 330
vacuum splitting 1177
vacuum state 330, 1143
–energy 330
van Cittert–Zernike theorem 1138
van der Waals force 282, 570, 599
Subject Index
Subject Index 1503
– in neutral–neutral reactions 564
– unretarded limit 1172
variable phase method 673
variation of constants method 112
variational method 144
– for capture rate 565
– Kohn 713
– Kohn–Sham 302
– Schwinger 713
– transition state 567
variational principle
– for bound state wave functions
200, 309
– for charge transfer 778
– for recombination processes 814
– Hohenberg–Kohn 301
– Rayleigh–Ritz 200
–Sil 778
vector coupling coefficients 31
vector solid harmonics
– angular momentum operator
actions 53
vectors of zero length 14
velocity distribution, thermal 1011
velocity mapping 980
velocity-selective coherent
population trapping 1105
vertical external cavity
surface-emitting laser (VECSEL)
1047
vertical-cavity surface-emitting
laser (VCSEL) 1047
vibrational
– excitation, theory 722
–period 547
– scattering 977
– structure 480
– transitions 526
– wave packet 548, 549
vibron model 95
virial theorem 298
virus coat, symmetry of 506
viscosity cross section 661
Voigt function 910
Voigt line shape 279, 1012
Vo i g t p r o fi l e 1015
Vo l k o v s t a t e 1087
Volkov wave function 724
von Neumann entropy 1217
von Neumann rejection method, for
random numbers 150
vortex 1117
W
Wadsworth mount 647
waiting time probability 1181
Wang transformation 519
Wannier exciton 600, 601
Wannier method 781, 782
– ridge 782
– threshold law 717, 781, 784, 906
Wannier state 1122
warm dense matter (WDM) 1303
warming, of troposphere 1296
water clusters 603
Watson Hamiltonian 481
wave function
– coupled cluster expansion for
109
wave function collapse
– energy-time uncertainty relation
1190
– speed of 1197
wave operator 336
wave packet
– coherent 1071
waveguide
– atomic 1132
– radiating atoms in 1169
wavelength standards 186
wave–particle duality 1185, 1191
weak coupling
– experiments on 1172
weak interaction 417
weak measurement 1195
– approach to tunneling times
1205
Weber bar 1206
Weight, highest and vector 93
Weyl dimension formula 93
white noise 1079
Wick’s theorem 105, 332, 337
Wiener–Khintchine theorem
1146
wiggler 643, 907, 919
Wigner
– causality condition 668
– coefficient 560
– function 1093, 1149
– threshold law 781, 906
– tunneling correction 569
Wigner–Clebsch–Gordan coefficients
31
– combinatorial definition 61
– discretized representation functions
37
– Kronecker product reduction
32
– Racah’s form 33
– tensor product space construction
33
– Van der Warden’s form 33
– Wigner’s form 33
Wigner–Eckart theorem 39, 82,
119, 128
Wigner–Weisskopf theory of
spontaneous emission 1159
Wilkinson microwave anisotropy
probe 1244
Winans–Stückelberg vibrational wave
function 809
window, optical 651
witness operator 1217
WKB approximation 1130, 1359
– in de Broglie optics 1130
work function 591
X
xenon
– photoionization of 387
X-ray
– absorption 1349
EXAFS 1376
ionizing effects of 1391
– diffraction 551
– emission 921
detector correction for 1385
– pulses 551
Y
Young double slit 1135
Young tableau 79, 80
Z
Zeeman effect 92, 228, 241, 493
– anomalous 228
– classification of energy levels
229
– energy tabulation 230, 231
– Landé g-value 229
– nonrelativistic theory 228
– normal 229
– quadratic 230
– quadratic relativistic 230
– strong field 230
– weak field 228
intermediate-coupling g-value
184
Landé g-value 184
Lorentz unit 184
magnetic splitting factor g
183
Schwinger g-value 184
Zeeman slower 1103
zone plate 1133
Subject Index