Drake G.W.F. (editor) Handbook of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
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1488 Subject Index
local thermodynamic equilibrium
(LTE) 263, 1304
local-density approximation 1114
locked dipole approximation 564,
578, 687, 1274
locking, of magnetic moment 592
locking-radius model 693
log derivative method 765
logarithmic negativity 1218
London phase distribution 1145
long range interactions 365
– capture theories 563
Lorentz
– approximation 1053
–atom 999
– group 327, 328
homogeneous 89
proper 327
– local field 1053
– transformation 326
boosts 326
discrete 326
infinitesimal 327
rotations 326
–triplet 229
Lorentzian line shape 876, 1012
Lorentz–Lorenz corrections 1025
LoSurdo–Stark effect 92
low field seeker 1129
luminosity, atmosphere 1284
M
Møller operator (matrix) 779
Møller–Plesset perturbation theory
106, 472
Mach number 968
Mach–Zehnder interferometer 1135
Mackay icosahedra 599
macroscopic wave function 1110,
1114
magic angle 225, 934
– pseudomagic 902
magic numbers 590, 601
magic squares
– addition of angular momentum
63
magnetic
– dipole interaction 997, 999
motional correction 1127
– dipole transition 187, 192
–field
atoms in 227, 247
in neutron stars 230
– mirror 1132
–moment
electron 429
of clusters 592
– multipole 258, 997
–trap 1099, 1116
– white dwarf
presence of helium in 233
magneton 998
magneto-optical
– diffraction 1135
–trap 457, 1098, 1103
magnetron cooling 1102
magnetron motion 1101
Majorana transition 1099, 1116
Mandel Q parameter 1144
Mandel’s formula, for photon
counting 1030
Manley–Rowe relations 1055
many-body calculations, relativistic
350
many-body perturbation theory
(MBPT) 105, 353, 359, 401
– configuration mixing 367
– correspondence rules 362
–diagrams 360
– effective interelectron interaction
369
– electron and vacancy states 362
– electron scattering 367
– electron–vacancy states 370
– Hartree–Fock approximation 364
– one-particle states 366
– photoionization diagrams 385
– photon emission 374
– role of the Pauli principle 362,
367
– summation of sequences 363
many-body theory 105
– relativistic 334
Markov approximation 125
maser
– microscopic 1175
– threshold 1179
mass polarization 199
mass ratios
– measurement of 1105
mass shift 199, 256
– normal 199, 256, 318
– reduced 257
– specific 199, 256, 318
mass transfer cross section 863
Massey parameter 742
Massey–Mohr cross section 663,
680
master equation 125, 1004, 1010,
1092, 1152, 1159, 1162
– correlation functions 1156
– damped harmonic oscillator 1153,
1154
– damped two-level atom 1154,
1155
in squeezed bath 1154
– recombination theory 816
master oscillator power amplifier
(MOPA) 1044, 1046
master theorems
– MacMahon form 64
– Schwinger form 64
material science 1397
mathematical constants (table) 6
mathematical functions
– digital library of 153
Maxwell equations 3, 1142
– absorptive 1070
–dispersive 1070
Maxwell–Bloch equations 1069,
1070
McCall-Hahn area theorem 1070,
1071
mean energy loss per collision 1380
mean field approximation 1129
mean free path 1319
mean speed, thermal 824
mean-field theory 1110, 1113
measurement
– quantum theory of 1189
– weak 1195
measurement-induced nonlinearities
1225
mechanical effects of radiation
1127
mercury clusters 592
merged beam method 830, 946, 991
– form factor 946
mesosphere
– terrestial 1261
metal cluster 590
– molecules 593
metal-fullerene clusters 595
metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diode
617
metallocarbohedrenes 593
metallofullerenes 595
metastable atoms 320
– electron scattering by 939
– in atomic beams 932, 935, 939,
968, 1132
–incomets 1253
– in discharges 1329
– in planetary atmospheres 1281
Metropolis algorithm 150
Michelson interferometer
–(diagram) 609
Subject Index
Subject Index 1489
– distribution of modulation
frequencies 611
microcanonical ensemble 871
microchannel plate 649
microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS) 1047
micromaser 1174, 1178
– quantum nondemolition experiment
1194
microstructure fabrication 1332
microwave cavities 1174
Milky Way galaxy, age 1358
Milne detailed balance 822
minimax method
– for autoionizing states 316
minimum uncertainty state 1144
Minkowski space 326
mirror images
– radiating atoms and 1170
mirror, atomic 1131
mixed states 123
mobility
– coefficient 806, 1323
– of ions in a gas 666
mode locking 1031, 1045
mode pulling 1027
model potentials
– scattering results for 684
–tableof 685
modulation
– cross-phase 1057
– self-phase 1057
molecular beam 933, 967
– angular momentum polarization
studies 968
– beam splitters 1134
– epitaxy 1044
– reagent preparation 968
– sources 967
molecular clock 979
molecular clouds
– carbon chemistry of 1239
–dark 1239
–diffuse 1238
molecular clusters 602
molecular dynamics 491, 537
– simulation
dense plasmas 1313
molecular formation, resonant 1361
molecular fragmentation 537, 803,
969, 1084
– pattern 969
molecular orbital X-rays 962
molecular spectra 491
– measurement of 615
molecular structure 467
– ab initio methods 762
– adiabatic states 762
– approximation methods 467
– empirical estimates 764
– fitting experimental energies 520
– nuclear motion 480
– rotation 467
– rotational-vibrational 481
– vibration 467
– wave function 107, 468, 516
– weakly interacting systems 476,
482
molecular symmetry 491, 516
molecule, compound 1365
molecules in intense laser fields
1084
Mollow spectrum 1161
momentum space wave function
– quantum defect representation
841
momentum spectroscopy 922
momentum transfer
– collision frequency 1280
– cross section 661, 708, 930, 933,
1265, 1307
Monte Carlo integration 151
– relation to random number
distributions 151
Monte Carlo method 149
– classical trajectory 869
exotic projectiles 873
heavy particle dynamics 873
hydrogenic targets 869, 871
many-electron targets 870
multiply-charged projectiles
870
nonhydrogenic one-electron
models 870
pseudo-one-electron targets
872
state-selective electron capture
872
– dense plasmas 1313
– for line broadening 888
Morse potential, scattering by 688
most probable energy loss 1373,
1374, 1381, 1382
MOT 1098, 1103
motional correction
– magnetic dipole interaction 1127
Mott insulator 1123, 1227
Mott scattering 938
Mott term, stopping power 1380
MR CC
– state selective 110
– state universal 110
– valence universal 110
multibeam resonance 1134
multichannel quantum defect theory
711
– multiphoton processes 1078
multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock
approximation 313, 315
– Breit–Pauli interaction 316
multiconfigurational self-consistent
field theory 474
multi-electron
– excitation 922
– transitions 957
multilayer coating 651
multipactor discharge mode 1332
multiphoton process 628, 1072,
1077
– multi-electron effects 1079
– rate enhancement 1080
– strong field 1080
– weak field 1078
multiple fragmentation 550
multiple lasers, excitation by 1080
multiple path occupation 498
multiplet 177
multiplex advantage, in Fourier
transform spectroscopy 610
multiplexed detection 267, 610
multiplicity 176, 177
multipole
– effects 912
– expansion 997
–moments 221
multireference (MR) CC theory 110
multireference configuration
interaction theory 474
muon 1359
– atomic capture 1361, 1362
– lifetime 1359
– scattering 754
muon-catalyzed fusion 1359
–cycle 1361
– experimental methods 1368
– muon loss 1367
– reactions and energy release 1360
muonic atom
– cascade 1364
– elastic scattering 1364
– formation 1362
– helium 1367
– hydrogen 1362
– hyperfine transitions 1364
– isotopic transfer 1364
– sticking 1367
– stripping 1368
muonic molecule
Subject Index
1490 Subject Index
– Auger formation 1364
– energy corrections 1365
– nuclear fusion rate 1366
– resonant formation 1365
– rovibrational energy levels 1361
– scaling 1360
– three-body formation 1366
mutual neutralization 575, 576,
584, 800, 810, 1330
– cross section 811
– Landau–Zener probability 811
– rate coefficient 811
N
nanocapsules 596
nanocavity laser 1047
natural
– coordinate system 127
– frame 694
– orbital expansion 316
– width 911
near-edge X-ray absorption fine
structure (NEXAFS) 1351
nebular equilibrium 1309
negative
– energy states 330
–glow 1327
– ions 369, 578, 1330
autodetachment from 320, 391
cluster 603
harpoon mechanism 979
photodetachment from 387, 946
neutral–molecule reactions 563
neutral–neutral reactions 564
neutrino mass 1358
neutron diffraction 1133
neutron optics 1125
neutron stars, magnetic fields 230
neutrons, ultracold 1131
Neville’s algorithm 136
Newton diagram 975, 985
nightglow 1284
– spectrum of Venus 1287
nightside ionospheres 1277
noble gas
–clusters 599
– compounds with diatoms 482
– discharge 644
– electron scattering by 368, 1320
– harmonic generation in 1082
– lasers 1036
– photoionization 384, 912
– scattering lengths for 669
noble metal clusters 590
no-cloning theorem 1200, 1216
noise
– colored 1157
– operator 1157
– white 1157
nonadiabatic
– coupling 742, 744
– scattering theory 723
– transition 535, 551, 761, 1129
relativistically induced 478
nonclassical fields 1143
nonclassical light
– atomic cascade source 1186
noncrossing rule 470, 743, 810
nonlinear
– atom optics 1126
– mixing 1039
– optics 629, 1051
enabled by ultra-intense laser
pulses 1062
enabled by ultrashort laser pulses
1062
focused beam effects 1056
wave equation 1053
– polarization 1051
– refractive index 1052
coefficient 1052
in an atomic vapor 1058
intensity-dependent 1052
mechanisms 1052
– Schrödinger equation 1111
pulse propagation 1055
– susceptibility 629, 1051
quantum mechanical expression
1053
relation to hyperpolarizability
1053
tensor properties 1052
nonlocal transients 1074
nonlocality 1216
– GHZ test 1199
–Hardytest 1199
– in quantum measurement 1195
nonreactive scattering 555
normal modes 1142
normal ordering operator 105
normal product of operators 105
normal product with contractions
105
normalization
– incoming wave 381
– of continuum wave functions 668,
790, 821
northern aurae, spectrum of Jupiter
1289
novae 1236
nuclear charge distribution 340
nuclear electric quadrupole moment
255, 258, 320
nuclear magnetic dipole moment
255, 259, 319
nuclear motion
– in molecular scattering 722
– in molecules 480
nuclear polarization 439
nuclear reactions
– astrophysical factor 1359, 1366
– Coulomb barrier 1359
– cross sections 1359
– electronic screening of 1359
nuclear scattering 917
nuclear size effect 318, 443
– for hydrogenic atoms (table) 230
– in atoms 1356
– quantum electrodynamic 1358
– relativistic 1357
nuclear spin 560
nuclear spin and statistics
– in molecules 522
nuclei
– isobaric 1358
number
– of photons 1142
– operator 1108, 1142
– states 1143, 1162
numerical differentiation 140
numerical integration 147
Numerov method 141, 236
Nyquist frequency 139
O
occasional proportional feedback
technique 1033
Ochkur approximation 716
octahedral rotor, semirigid 500
octahedral symmetry, molecular
499
one-and-a-half centered expansion
(OHCE) 758
one-particle density operator 1114
one-particle operator 1108
one-way quantum computer 1226
onions 595
Oort cloud 1247
opacity project 1241
open shell 393
operator
– annihilation/creation 76, 94, 115,
118, 330
– commutation relations 330, 331
– conjugation 118
– non-commuting 330, 354
Subject Index
Subject Index 1491
– normal ordering 330
–ordering
antinormal 1148
normal 105, 330, 1146, 1148
s-ordered 1148
symmetric 1148
– quasiparticle 120
– representation of 116
– time evolution 124
Oppenheimer–Brinkman–Kramers
(OBK) approximation 777, 859,
955
optical
– Bloch equations 1003, 1066
with decay 1004
– cavities
strong cavities 1174
–depth 1267
– Earnshaw theorem 1098
– emission cross section 934
– excitation 237
–force 1093
– frequency comb 631
– lattice 1096, 1121, 1226
– material 651
coating 651
interference filter 651
multichannel plates 651
multilayer coating 651
polarizer 652
thin film 651
window 651
– molasses 1095, 1098
σ
+
– σ
−
1098, 1099
corkscrew 1098
lin lin 1098
lin ⊥ lin 1097
– nutation 1067
– parametric oscillator 630, 1056
– potential 392, 683, 710, 715
second order 716
– pumping 221, 224
diode laser 1041
in molecular beams 968
– theorem 665
in quantal impulse approximation
848
–trap 1096, 1116
optics, near-field 1133
orbital collapse 312
orbitally forbidden transitions 531
orbiting and spiraling collisions 662
Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
1248
orbit–orbit interaction 308
order parameter 1114
orientation 222, 693
– atomic 936
– density matrix formalism 128
– from spin-orbit interaction 129
– in electron capture 770
– in molecular beams 969
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process 1079
orthopositronium decay rate 422
oscillator strength 186, 187, 261,
321, 1004, 1011
– absorption 186, 878
– bound–free 822
– connection with line strength 838
– definition 215
– finite nuclear mass effects 215
– generalized 790, 838, 931, 1377
– helium (table) 216, 217
– length and velocity forms 215
– measurement of 262, 264
– molecular 524
– silicon
comparison of atomic and solid
1375
–sumrule 205, 524
– time-resolved measurement 265
Ostwald’s step rule 602
output coupling 1026
overtone bands 526
oxygen
– green
spectrum of Venus 1289
– quenching reactions 484
ozone
– hole 1299
– stratospheric
depletion 1293, 1300
destruction 1298
formation 1298
P
PADDS (Perpendicular ADDS) 973
Padé approximation 137
pair production
– electron–positron 1359
Paldus tableau 96
papier mâché 595
parabolic coordinates 155, 232
parabolic quantum number 238
paramagnetic clusters 592
parametric
– amplification 1056
– oscillation 1056
squeezed light generation 1145
– process 1055
paraxial approximation
– in de Broglie optics 1130
paraxial wave equation 1028
parent term, atomic structure 179
parity 176, 557, 560
– combined with rotations 493
– molecular structure and selection
rules 521
– selection rule 901
partial
– cross section 908
– transposition 1217
– wave expansion 667, 706
particle identification
–PID 1384
particle–hole interaction
– in photoionization 384
– interchannel interactions 385
– intrachannel interactions 384
– virtual double excitations 385
partition sum 125
Paschen–Back effect 229
– relativistic 229
path integral Monte Carlo method
– dense plasmas 1313
Paul trap 1099
– electrode configuration and
voltages 1100
Pauli
– correlations (blocking) 755
– matrices 10, 94
– principle 498
– pseudo-spin operator 1001
peaking approximation
– in quantal impulse approximation
848
Pearson-7 function 910
pendellösung oscillations 1134
pendular states 969
Penning ionization 836
Penning trap 1101
perfect crystal
– neutron interaction with 1127
perfect scattering experiment 133,
693, 696
periodic orbit 542
permeability of vacuum 1
permittivity of vacuum 1
permutation symmetry
–full 1052
– intrinsic 1052
– of wave functions 516
persistent current 1118
perturbation theory 101, 359
– central field 92
– continuum distorted wave
third-order 777
Subject Index
1492 Subject Index
– degenerate 336
– diagrammatic 107, 359
– Epstein–Nesbet 106
– expansions 102, 104, 109
– for state multipoles 129
– large order 91
– Møller–Plesset 106
– many-body 105, 359
–matrix 101
– multiphoton processes 1078
– principal term 104
– Rayleigh–Schrödinger 104, 335
– renormalization term 104
– time-independent 101
– Z-dependent 313
perturbed stationary state (PSS)
method 757
Peterkop semiclassical theory 782
Peterkop theorem 717
Petermann Kfactor 1028
Pfaffians
– skew symmetric matrices 65
phase
– contrast imaging 1117
–diffusion 1028, 1122
model 1079
– dispersion 1122
– matching 630, 1083
of nonlinear optical processes
1054
– operator 1145
hermitian 1146
operational 1146
sine and cosine 1146
–shift 666–668, 708, 1135
binary encounter approximation
852
Born S-wave 673
dispersive 1136
effective range expansion 668,
708
eigenphase sum 710
geometric 1136
near resonances 710
quantum defect equation 708
topological 1136
– space averaging method 1087
– space theory
of gas phase reactions 565
– velocity 1130
photoabsorption
–4d
10
subshell threshold 372
– by ionic clusters 596
photoassociation 1119
– spectroscopy 1103
photochemical processes
– atmospheric 1289
photodetachment
– double electron 785
– from H
−
,He
−
,andK
−
785
– mirroring of resonance profiles in
alternative partial cross sections
388
–ofH
−
,Li
−
,andNa
−
388
–oftheK-shell of He
−
and Li
−
388
photodetection theory 1147
photodiode 649
photodissociation 1267, 1294
– absorption cross section 537
– anisotropy parameter 538
– branching ratios 537
– direct 535
– experimental techniques 539
–incomets 1254
– indirect 535
– interstellar 1238
– molecular 535
– partial cross section 537
– predissociation
electronic 535
rotational 535
vibrational 535
– quantum yields 537
– rates of 1239
– selection rules 536
– state-resolved 973
photodissociative ionization 1267
photoelectric effect 901, 916
– angular distribution 902
– dipole approximation 901
– experimental methods 907
– open-shell atoms 902
– spin analysis 901, 903
photoelectron
– angular distribution 904
– energy analysis 906
– spectrometry 908
– spectroscopy
operational modes 909
spectrum 901
– spectrum 910
correlation satellites 906
photographic plate 649
photoionization 379, 918, 970,
1236, 1267, 1294
–5s
2
electrons 372
– angular distribution 902
anisotropy parameter 903
asymmetry parameter 387
– anisotropy parameter 902
– configuration interaction effects
906
– Cooper minimum 383
– cross section 382, 386
– delayed maximum 383
– diagrammatic perturbation theory
361
– double photoionization of He 387
– electron correlation effects 904
– field-induced oscillatory structure
241
– high photon energy behavior of the
partial cross sections 383, 384
–incomets 1254
– interaction Hamiltonian 379
– mirroring of resonance profiles in
alternative partial cross sections
388
– multiple excitation 374
– multiple ionization processes 906
– non-dipole effects 387
– of positive ions 388
– of Rydberg atoms 240, 242
– particle–hole interaction effects
384
– polarization effects 387
– post collision interactions 906
– random phase approximation for
371
– rates of 1239
– relativistic and spin-dependent
effects 387, 911
– relaxation effects 387
– resonances 385, 386, 904
– theoretical methods for 371, 386
– threshold laws 906
– two-electron 922
– wave function boundary conditions
381
photoionized clouds
– modeling 1245
photoionized gas
– processes in 1235
photomultiplier tube 649
photon
– antibunching 1162
– bandpass 911
– bunching 1030
and antibunching 1147
– cloning 1200
– correlation 1146, 1147, 1186
– counting
Mandel’s formula 1030
– density of states 215
– distribution
Poissonian 1144
squeezed state 1145
– echo 1069
Subject Index
Subject Index 1493
– indivisibility 1186
– information content of 1200
– number
average 1179
intracavity 1178
variance normalized 1179
– occupation number 238
– recoil effects 1091
– sources, single 1182
– statistics 1030
Bose–Einstein distribution
1030
Poisson distribution 1030
– teleportation of 1200
photon–atom scattering
(1 keV–1 MeV) 915
– elastic 916
– inelastic 918
– lead, cross section for 916
photonic
– bandgaps 1173
superluminal tunneling 1203
– crystal fibers 1047
photon-number resolving
photodetectors 1225
photorefractive effect 1061
physical constants 1
–tableof 2
physisorption 592, 1351
planar imaging, two-dimensional
1339
plane wave Born approximation
(PWBA) 757, 951
planetary atmospheres 576
planetary nebulae 1236
planets
– exobase properties (table) 1289
plasma
– diagnostics 872
– etching 1331
– frequency 1000, 1305
– laser induced 1303
plasma conditions, diagram 1304
plasma physics 1303
– collisional processes in dense
plasma 1311
– ionization balance 1308
– one-component model 1306
– radiative processes in dense
processes 1311
– two-component model 1306
plasma screening
– Debye model 1306
– ion-sphere model 1306
– Thomas–Fermi model 1310
plasmoid mode 1332
plasmon excitation 1375
plethysm 80
Pluvinage wave function 780
Pockels effect 1061
Poincaré
– group 328
– sphere 696
– transformation 327
Poisson distribution 1012
– sub-Poissonian fields 1144
Poisson sum formula 675
polarizability 110
– complex 999
– frequency dependent 366
– hydrogenic 213, 232
– relativistic, for hydrogen 233
polarization 934
– correlation 937
– effect 939
– ellipse 694
nonlinear rotation 1059
– entanglement 1196
– in heavy atom scattering 700
– in optical transitions 265
– interaction 946
–ofmedium 3
– optical 125, 131, 695
– particle scattering phenomena
126, 693
– photon 331
– potential 669, 707, 708
– redistribution 286
– relaxation 221
– spectroscopy 1016
–spin 125, 130
polarized
– atoms 222
– beams, collisions involving 125,
699, 938
– electrons 938
– light 999
and atomic multipoles 224
production of 642, 652
–target 938
polarizer 652
polyatomic molecules
– electron scattering by 723
polynomial quadrature 139
ponderomotive energy 1080, 1096,
1100
population inversion 1014, 1023
population representation 222
population trapping 1079
positive partial transpose 1217
positron pair production 1359
positron production 962
positron scattering 731, 873
– annihilation 732
angular correlation 732
– atomic hydrogen 735
resonances 735
– atoms 736
– Born approximation 733
– close-coupling approximation
734
– convergent close-coupling method
735
– eikonal-Born series 734
– ionization 735, 780
Wannier threshold law 735
– noble gases 735
Ramsauer minimum 736
– optical potentials 734
–Oregap 732
– positronium formation 731
– potential scattering 733
– variational method 735
– Wigner cusp 735
positronium 731
– Thomas peak 867
post collision interaction 925
– photoionization 907
postion senitive detectors (PSD)
267
potential energy curves (PEC) 742,
744
potential energy surface (PES) 467,
518, 535, 742, 744, 978, 984, 987,
1336
– analytic derivative technique 471
– for chemical reaction 987, 991
– intersection of 470
– perturbations of 476
potential scattering 976, 977
– hard-core 669
– laser field effects 724
– modified Coulomb 669
– polarization potential 669
– van der Waals 669
power broadening 1005, 1011
predissociation 535
pre-master equation 1162
pressure broadening 279
principal axes 559
probability density function 1374
processes, electron driven 940
product growth method 945
product imaging 973, 980
– detection 973
product kinetic energy distribution
973
product quantum state 984
Subject Index
1494 Subject Index
– distribution 973
projectile continuum distorted wave
approximation (PCDW) 777
projectile electrons 796
projection operator 101, 710, 716
– formalism 392
– hole 394
– quasiprojectors 394
propagator 407
– electron 333
– one-body 402
– photon 333
– two-body 405
– two-point 409
propensity rules 693
protected measurements 1195
proton charge radius 443
proton transfer 579
proton–helium scattering 865
pseudocrossing 743
pseudopotential 300, 1110
– method 396, 397
results 398
pseudostate expansion 715, 759
pulse area theorem 1067
pulse compression 1031, 1045
pulse propagation, resonant 1069
pulse shaper 552
pump mechanisms 1023, 1024
pump–probe experiment 548
pump–probe resonance 1073
Q
Q-switching 1030, 1031
–self 1045
quadrature operator 1143
quadrature states 1148
– rotated 1148
quadrupole interaction
– electric 998
quadrupole moment 110
quadrupole potential 575
quadrupole tensor 999
quantization 115
– of circulation 1118
quantized field effects 1141
quantum
– beats 129, 267
time integration of 130
– chaos 1085
– cryptography
with entangled pairs 1201
– defect 184, 211, 237, 240, 242,
313, 872
analytic continuation 708
definition of 211
in momentum space wave
functions 841
multichannel 726
parameters 312
relativistic and finite mass
corrections to 211
relativistic theory 353
Rydberg series 312
semiclassical representation
837
theory 235
use in radial integrals 837
– degenerate gas 1107
– electrodynamics 1358
electron factors 416
equations of motion 329
fine structure 420
helium-like ions 208
hyperfine structure 421
lepton scattering 416
many-electron ions 425
muon g factors 416
one-electron ions 424
perturbation theory 331
precision tests 423
two-photon interactions 425
–eraser 1191
– error correction 1224
– field theory 401, 1107
–fluid 601
– information processing 1162
– interference 1144
– interrogation 1194
– jumps 1104
– key distribution 1219
– liquid 599
– localization 1085
– Monte Carlo formalism 1159
– Monte Carlo method
dense plasmas 1313
–networks 1222
– nondemolition experiment 1181,
1193
gravitational radiation detection
1206
– number 176, 411
molecular 518
– optics 997
– phase 1145
transition 1123
– random walks 1223
– regression hypothesis 1156
– scars 1086
– search algorithm 1223
– teleportation 1200, 1219
– theory of measurement 1180
reality of the wave function
1195
– trajectory 1159
–well 1043
– Zeno effect 1193
quantum-cascade laser 1047
quantum-mechanical correlation
1216
quasi-elastic collisions, -and
J-mixing 836
quasi-electron 368
quasifree electron model
– of Rydberg atom collisions 842
quasiparticle 120
quasi-probability distribution 1148
– Cahill and Glauber 1149
– Kirkwood 1151
– P function 1149
– positive P 1149
– Q, Husimi 1151
– Wigner 1149
quasiprojection operators 394
quasispin 81
– bosons 118
– conjugation 118
– dependence on electron number
119
– fermions 117
– half-filled shell 119
– spin-quasispin interchange 119
– triple tensors 118
quasisteady state 802
qubits 1216
R
Rabi frequency 1001, 1010, 1023,
1066, 1128
– generalized 1001, 1067
– power dependent 629
– two-photon 1073
– vacuum 1002
Rabi oscillations 1067, 1176, 1177
–damped 1067
Racah
– coefficients
definition 43
fundamental identities 44
orthogonality 43
recurrance relations 46
relation to hypergeometric series
46
relation to
Wigner–Clebsch–Gordan
coefficients 43
Subject Index
Subject Index 1495
Schwinger–Bargmann generating
function 44
symmetries 45
– commutation relations 116
– invariant operator 42
– lemma 82
– operators
Biedenharn–Elliott identity 50
– reciprocity relation 83
radial coupling 745
– matrix elements 766
radial Dirac equation
– boundary conditions 340, 341
– free electron
progressive waves 343
standing waves 343
radial Dirac equation for bound states
– approximation by finite elements
350
– approximation by spinor basis set
345
G-spinors 348, 349
L-spinors 347
S-spinors 348
variational collapse 349
– finite difference methods
deferred correction 344
double shooting 344
– variational derivation
Rayleigh quotient 345
radial integrals
– hydrogenic, for dipole transitions
837
– semiclassical quantum defect
representation 837
radial wave functions
– for H and Na 236
radiating atoms
– and mirror images 1170
– in resonators 1170
– in waveguides 1169
radiation absorption 1390
radiation detectors 1374, 1389
radiation dose 1375
radiation physics 1390
– cross sections for 1374, 1392
radiation reaction 999
radiation theory
– semiclassical 1025
radiation therapy 1383
radiation trapping 287, 934, 1011
– multiple component lines 290
radiationless transition 920
radiation–matter interactions 1389
radiative association 561, 570, 582,
1239
– thermal model 571
modified 571
radiative corrections 353, 416
radiative damping
– Lorentz atom 999
radiative electron capture 961
radiative forces 1171
radiative lifetime 194, 237, 264
– cavity effects 238, 1168
– finite temperature effects 238
– measurement of 265
– np2P
J
states 266
radiative line strength 187
radiative processes 353
radiative recoil 444
radiative recombination 576, 800,
817, 1236, 1274
– collisional 801, 802
– cross sections for 817, 819, 821
– electron energy loss rate 817, 819
– Gaunt factor 823
– normalization of continuum wave
function 821
– photon emission probability 819
– radiated power 817, 819
–rate 817, 822
– scaling laws 823
– three-body collisional 800
radiative self-interference forces
1172
radiative shifts 1171
radiative stabilization 391, 570,
578, 943
radiative transition 187, 215
– molecular 520
– moment matrix 520
–rate 186, 187
hydrogen (table) 195
hydrogenic matrix elements 836
– selection rules 187
– theory 215
radio frequency heating 1102
rainbow angle 677, 977
Raman cooling 1105
Raman linewidths 1338
Raman process 1017
– Auger 924
Raman scattering 630
– radiationless 924
– stimulated 630, 1059
anti-Stokes field 1059
Stokes field 1059
– stimulated, Stokes amplification in
1055
– X-ray 924
Raman sideband cooling 1105
Raman–Nath approximation 1131
Rampsberger–Rice–Karplus–Marcus
(RRKM) theory 542, 568
Ramsauer–Townsend effect 669,
1320
random number generation 149
– Metropolis algorithm 150
– nonuniform 150
– rejection method 150
– transformation method 150
random phase approximation 365,
401, 663
rate coefficient 556, 576, 578
rate constant
– in combustion reactions 1336
– state-to-state 984
–thermal 984
rate equation 125
– approximation 1005, 1013, 1014,
1024, 1025
– chemical 578
rate laws 561
Rayleigh (unit) 1286
Rayleigh scattering 915, 916, 1006
Rayleigh–Ritz variational principle
144, 200
r-centroid 526
reactance matrix 556
reaction 967
– association 570
– barrier 563
– bimolecular 563
– competition with association 572
– complex 562
– coordinate 563, 761
– energetics 576
– ion–molecule 563, 983
– ion–neutral 575
– neutral–molecule 563
–path 483
curvature 483
– spontaneity 577
– termolecular 562
– unimolecular 562
reactive scattering 684, 967, 978
reactive sphere model, for
recombination processes 804
rebound collision 988
rebound reaction 979
recoil
– corrections 418
– in heavy particle scattering 754
– ion momentum spectroscopy 873
– ion momentum spectroscopy
(RIMS) 955
– peak 953
Subject Index
1496 Subject Index
recombination 583
– coefficient 1330
– destruction rates 801
– dielectronic 829
– distributions used in 811
– electron–ion 829, 1330
vibrational populations in 584
– high gas density theory 815
diffusional-drift 806
– ion–ion 584
– Langevin rate 806
– microscopic methods 812
bottleneck method 815
diffusion theory 814
master equations 816
time dependent 813
time independent 814
trapping radius method 815
– nonequilibrium theory 815
– processes of 1330
– production rates 801
– radiative 829, 1330
–rate 806
– theory
macroscopic methods 803
– Thomson theory of 807
– three-body 800, 829, 1330
– tidal 800
– variational principle for 814
– working formulae 802, 805
recoupling theory
– commutation andf association of
symbols 59
– construction of transformation
coefficients 58
– unsolved problems 59
recoupling theory and 3n − j
coefficients
– composite systems 54
recurrence relations
– d
j
m
m
(β) functions 22
red giant 1241
reduced density operator 1152,
1159
reduced mass
– electronic, for light nuclei 207
reflection
– critical angle 1131
–lawof 1131
– principle 542
– symmetry 694
conservation of in scattering
697
–total 1131
– total mirror 1131
reflectivity
– coefficient of 1131
refraction
–lawof 1131
refractive index 1023, 1027, 1030
– nonlinear 1032
Regge generating function 34
regions of nonadiabatic coupling
(NAR) 742
relative flow technique 933
relativistic binding energy 231
relativistic corrections 460
– asymptotic expansions for 214
– Darwin term 709
– for helium 208
– hydrogenic atoms in strong fields
231
– mass-correction term 709
–software 354
– spin–orbit potential 709
relativistic effective Hamiltonian
– Breit–Pauli 335
– Dirac–Coulomb 335
– Dirac–Coulomb–Breit 335
– nonrelativistic limit 335
relativistic effects
– magnetic field 228
– Thomas–Fermi theory for 303
relativistic recoil 438
– Hamiltonian for 209
relaxation 1003, 1065
– density matrix formalism 125
– effective Hamiltonian 1004
– homogeneous 1066
– inhomogeneous 1068
– intrinsic 1071
– observed levels 1003, 1004
– operator 1004
– unobserved levels 1003
relaxation rate
– longitudinal 1004, 1010
– transverse 1004, 1010
Renner–Teller effect 480, 536
renormalization 332
– theory 414
representation theory
– bosonic 94
– fermionic 94
– universal enveloping algebra 97
reservoir 1151, 1162
– squeezed 1152
– theory 1162
–thermal 1152
resolution
– in Fourier transform spectroscopy
611
– in photon experiments 910
resolvent operator 103, 336
resonance
– Auger 905
– autoionizing 391, 904
–Bragg 1134
– Breit–Wigner parameters 396
– double 1080
–giant 371, 591
– in electron scattering 932
– intensity-induced 1080
– isolated 830
– laser 1001, 1009, 1058, 1066,
1078, 1095, 1134
electric/magnetic 618
– line broadening 195, 877
– mirroring of resonance profiles
388
– overlapping 832
– photoionization 386, 904
– pump-probe 1073
– quasi-Landau 241
– scattering 671
– shape parameter 395
– strong field mixing 240
– Thomas peak 867
– two-beam 1134
– two-photon (diagram) 1072
– width and shift 394, 710, 1172
resonance fluorescence 265, 1160
– coherent intensity 1160
– incoherent intensity 1160
– photon antibunching 1162
– photon correlations 1162
– spectrum 1161
resonance scattering 391, 672, 710,
1284
– on surfaces 1346
resonance theory 391, 722
– multichannel 710
resonant capture-stabilization model
803
resonant enhanced multiphoton
photoionization (REMPI) 970,
1078
resonant photoionization
– detector 970
resonant pulse propagation 1069
resonant Raman effect 911, 924
resonant rearrangement collision
925
resonant transfer 961
resonant-mass detector 1206
resonators, radiating atoms in 1170
revivals 550
Riemann zeta function 5
rigid rotor 29, 492
Subject Index
Subject Index 1497
– asymmetric 493
symmetry analysis 498
– eigenvalue graph 493
– symmetric 29
representation function 29
Ritz formula 185
R-matrix 1366
– fixed nuclei 723
– method 712
R-matrix–Floquet method 726
rock salt lattice 596
Rodrigues formula 167
rotating frame
– molecular 517
– optical 242, 1001
rotating wave approximation 1001,
1010, 1093, 1128, 1169
rotation
– dynamics
semiclassical 494
– group
SU(2) group (SO(3, R)) 10
Clebsch–Gordan series 337
irreducible representations
(irreps) 337
Lie algebra SO(3) 88
– matrices 18
– parametrization
Euler angles 19
rotation matrices 517, 559
– as generalized Fourier transforms
493
– as rigid rotor eigenfunctions 492
rotational branch strengths 526
rotational branches, molecular 521
rotational coupling matrix elements
766, 767
rotational energy surface 494
– asymmetrical gyro-rotor, diagram
511
–diagram 495, 501
– multiple 507
– octahedral and tetrahedral 500
– quadrupole 508
– scalar monopole 508
– spherical gyro-rotor, diagram
508
– vector dipole 508
rotational excitation, theory 722
rotational invariants
– solid harmonic expansions 14
rotational scattering 977
rotational structure 497
– octahedral and tetrahedral 500
rotational symmetry
– molecular 517
rovibrational coupling 491
rovibrational structure 95, 503
–diagram 504
Rowland circle 647
Runge–Kutta method 142
Runge–Lenz vector 81
Russell–Saunders (LS) coupling
177, 179
– allowed LS terms 178
Russian doll 505, 595
Rutherford cross section 671, 686,
1375, 1376
Rydberg atom 1174
– in electric fields 238
– in magnetic fields 241
– in microwave fields 242
– microwave ionization 1084
– optical excitation 237
– radiative lifetimes 237
– wave functions for 235
Rydberg atom collisions 243, 836
– binary encounter approximation
852
– Born approximation 858
capture 859
– classical impulse approximation
849
– classical scattering theory for 841
– elastic n → n
transitions 844
– fine structure transitions 844
– inelastic n → n
transitions 843
Born results for 843
– inelastic n,changing transitions
842
– momentum distribution functions
840
– quantal impulse approximation
845, 849
– quasi-elastic mixing transitions
844
– quasifree electron model 842
– semiquantal impulse approximation
851
– spatial distribution functions 840
– types of collision processes 836
Rydberg constant 5
Rydberg formula 184, 905
Rydberg states 829
– autoionizing 244
– basic properties 836
–high 237, 239
–inclusters 600
– in laser fields 726
– quantum nondemolition experiment
1194
Rydberg unit 5
Rydberg wave packet 1071
– free evolution (diagram) 1072
S
saddle-point method
– for autoionizing states 316
Sagnac effect 1136
Saha distribution, definition 802
Saha–Boltzmann formula 1308
satellite lines 887
saturable absorption
– optical nonlinearities 1058
saturation 1005
– in ion–molecule reactions 582
– laser 1015
– parameter 1005
– spectroscopy 1015
scale height 1260
scaled-energy spectroscopy 248
scaling transformation 90
scattering
– electron
by atoms in laser field 725
by ions in laser field 725
scattering (see collisions, light
scattering, and particular
processes) 1006
scattering amplitude 664, 671, 672,
674, 675, 679, 706, 707, 769, 771,
882, 915, 917, 930, 936, 938
– Born, second 866
– capture 955
– continuum distorted wave 783
– distorted wave strong potential
Born (DSPB) 795
– for polarization phenomena 701
– impulse approximation for 848
–spinflip 701
scattering equations 743
scattering length 708, 1110, 1111,
1119, 1127
– effective 1119
– in elastic scattering 668
–sign 1111
– s-wave 1129
– tuning 1119
– use of, in Rydberg collisions 842
– values for noble gas atoms 669
scattering matrix 555
scattering signal calculation 971
scattering theory
– adiabatic nuclei approximation
722
– angular momentum recoupling
709
Subject Index