Dobak William A. Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862-1867 (ENG)
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Bibliographical Note
511
M1619, Headquarters of the Army, Letters Sent
M1635, Headquarters of the Army, Letters Received
M1818, Compiled Military Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who
Served in the U.S. Colored Troops: Artillery Organizations
M1820, Compiled Military Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who
Served in the U.S. Colored troops: 2d through 7th United States Colored
Infantries (USCIs)
M1907, Records of the Field Ofces for the State of Mississippi, BRFAL
M1909, Records of the Field Ofces for the State of North Carolina, BRFAL
T142, Selected Records of the Tennessee Field Ofce of the BRFAL
T289, Organization Index to Pension Files of Veterans Who Served Between
1861 and 1900
Private diaries and letters quoted in this book are housed at the following
institutions:
American Antiquarian Society
Edward W. Bacon Papers
James H. Rickard Letters
Boston Public Library
James H. Wickes Papers
Connecticut Historical Society
Henry Harrison Brown Papers
Dartmouth College
Elias C. Mather Papers
Andrew H. Young Papers
Duke University
Frederick and Sarah M. Cutler Papers
Edward W. Kinsley Papers
James O. Moore Papers
Alonzo Reed Papers
Emory University
Henry M. Crydenwise Letters
William M. Parkinson Letters
Harvard University, Schlesinger Library
James C. Beecher Papers
Huntington Library
George W. Buswell Journals
Indiana Historical Society
Caleb Mills Papers
Library of Congress
Matthew C. Brown and John C. Brown Papers
Christian A. Fleetwood Papers
Samuel M. Quincy Papers
Massachusetts Historical Society
Warren Goodale Papers
Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862–1867
512
Michigan State University
Wilbur Nelson Diary typescript
Minnesota Historical Society
Christopher C. Andrews Papers
James M. Bowler Papers
Benjamin Densmore Papers
New Hampshire Historical Society
Duncan-Jones Family Papers
New-York Historical Society
Daniel Ullmann Papers
Oberlin College
Eliott F. Grabill Papers
Giles W. Shurtleff Papers
Ohio Historical Society
Jacob Bruner Papers
Evans Family Papers
Albert Rogall Papers typescript
Poughkeepsie Public Library
Robert N. Verplanck Letters typescript
Rutgers University
Aaron K. Peckham Letters
Smith College
James S. Rogers Letters typescript
State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa City
John L. Mathews Papers
U.S. Army Center of Military History, Historians les
Delavan Bates Letters
Joseph M. Califf Diary typescript
Henry C. Merriam Diary typescript
U.S. Army Military History Institute
John W. M. Appleton Diary photocopy
Solon A. Carter Papers
John Habberton Papers
“War-Time Letters from Seth Rogers” typescript
Joseph J. Scroggs Diary typescript
Edward A. Wild Papers
University of Arkansas
Milton P. Chambers Papers
Minos Miller Papers
University of Iowa
John L. Mathews Letters
University of Maryland
Freedmen and Southern Society Project, indexes and photocopied material
University of Michigan
William Elgin Journal—Clements Library
Morris S. Hall Papers—Bentley Library
Bibliographical Note
513
Harrison Soule Papers—Bentley Library
John Pearson Letters—Clements Library
University of North Carolina
Jonathan L. Whitaker Papers—Southern Historical Collection
Wabash College
Henry Campbell Journal
Wisconsin Historical Society
Thomas S. Johnson Papers
Yale University, Sterling Library
Walter A. Chapman Papers
Charles G. G. Merrill Papers typescript
Lewis L. Weld Papers
Nineteenth-century American newspapers were more overtly political than the
relatively bland sheets produced by later generations of journalists. James Gordon
Bennett’s Democratic New York Herald, for instance, took a view of black
Americans noticeably different from that of Horace Greeley’s Republican New
York Tribune. Other newspapers and periodicals quoted are:
Anglo-African (New York)
Army and Navy Journal (New York)
Atlantic Monthly (Boston)
Baltimore Sun
Christian Recorder (Philadelphia)
Colored Tennessean (Nashville)
Congressional Globe (Washington, D.C.)
Constitutional Union (Washington, D.C.)
Daily National Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.)
Evening Star (Washington, D.C.)
Janesville [Wis.] Daily Gazette
Kansas Daily Tribune (Lawrence)
Leavenworth [Kans.] Conservative
National Republican (Washington, D.C.)
National Tribune (Washington, D.C.)
New York Herald
New York Times
New York Tribune
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin
Philadelphia Inquirer
Since the earliest sessions of Congress, committees of both houses have collected
testimony and documents and published them in the thousands of volumes that
constitute the Congressional Serial Set. Documents cited in this work are:
Alldredge, J. Haden. “A History of Navigation on the Tennessee River System.”
75th Cong., 1st sess., H. Doc. 254 (serial 10,119).
Freedom by the Sword: The U.S. Colored Troops, 1862–1867
514
“Annual Message of the President.” 39th Cong., 1st sess., H. Ex. Doc. 1 (serial
1,244).
“Condition and Treatment of Colored Refugees.” 38th Cong., 2d sess., S. Ex.
Doc. 28 (serial 1,209).
“Condition of Affairs in Texas.” 39th Cong., 2d sess. H. Ex. Doc. 61 (serial
1,292).
“Diary and Correspondence of Salmon P. Chase.” Annual Report of the American
Historical Association for . . . 1902. 57th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc. 461, pt. 2
(serial 4,543).
“Fort Pillow Massacre.” 38th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rpt. 65 (serial 1,206).
Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America, 1861–1865. 58th
Cong., 2d sess., S. Doc. 234 (7 vols., serials 4,610–4,616).
“Memphis Riots and Massacres.” 39th Cong., 1st sess, H. Rpt. 101 (serial 1,274).
“Mexico.” 39th Cong., 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 17 (serial 1,288).
“Occupation of Mexican Territory.” 39th Cong., 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 8 (serial
1,287).
“Present Condition of Mexico.” 39th Cong., 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 76 (serial
1,292).
Report of the Eleventh Census of the United States, 1890, Part 2. 52d Cong., 1st
sess., H. Misc. Doc. 340, pt. 19 (serial 3,019).
Report of the Secretary of War for 1863. 38th Cong., 1st sess., H. Ex. Doc. 1, vol.
5 (serial 1,184).
Report of the Secretary of War for 1864. 38th Cong., 2d sess., H. Ex. Doc. 83
(serial 1,230).
Report of the Secretary of War for 1865. 38th Cong., 1st sess., H. Ex. Doc. 1, vol.
3, pt. 1 (serial 1,249).
Among the scholarly works cited in this book, three in particular stand out:
Dudley T. Cornish’s The Sable Arm; Joseph T. Glatthaar’s Forged in Battle; and the
series of documentary collections produced by the Freedmen and Southern Society
Project at the University of Maryland, beginning in 1982, which runs to ve
volumes so far.
2
Cornish’s book was the rst scholarly work devoted entirely to the U.S.
Colored Troops. While the book has attained the status of a classic, Cornish’s
research at the National Archives was apparently limited to the papers of
Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas, correspondence of the Colored Troops
Bureau, and the regimental books of the 79th and 82d U.S. Colored Infantries
(formerly the 1st and 2d Kansas Colored Infantries). Only some 10 percent of
Cornish’s citations are of newspapers and unpublished material not available at
the Kansas State Historical Society, but that is to be expected in a work that the
author produced while teaching at a state teacher’s college during the pre-
Sputnik era, before travel grants were widely available and when passenger
jets and interstate highways had not yet made visits to the National Archives
almost routine for historians.
2
Full bibliographical citations appear below.
Bibliographical Note
515
Forged in Battle, the next comprehensive treatment of the U.S. Colored Troops,
appeared thirty-three years after Cornish’s book. Not surprisingly, Glatthaar was able
to consult manuscripts at forty-four repositories in twenty-four states, besides the
Library of Congress and the National Archives and two private collections, and his
book reects the change between his generation and Cornish’s. Both authors are
leading gures among the historians who, as Brooks D. Simpson put it, “have
concentrated on the consequences of military service for blacks and for the whites
who commanded them.” Cornish wrote before, and Glatthaar during, the increasing
amount of attention historians have paid in recent decades to irregular tactics in the
Civil War, a literature summarized by Daniel E. Sutherland in “Sideshow No Longer:
A Historiographical Review of the Civil War.” Freedom by the Sword, on the other
hand, attempts to place black soldiers in the larger operational context of the Civil
War and to take account of the irregular nature of the conict in parts of the country
where many black regiments served, at some distance from the Union’s main armies.
3
The output of the Freedmen and Southern Society Project’s documentary history
of emancipation at the time of writing includes four volumes under the general
editorship of Ira Berlin: The Destruction of Slavery; two about The Wartime Genesis
of Free Labor, one dealing with the Upper South and one with the Lower South; and
a fourth, The Black Military Experience. Most recently, the rst volume about the
postwar period has appeared, under the general editorship of Steven Hahn: Land and
Labor, 1865. Documents found at the National Archives by a team of researchers
constitute the bulk of these volumes. Each begins with a long, unsigned essay on the
subject of the volume. Shorter essays introduce each chapter throughout the book.
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3
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