Bourke Ulick J. Easy lessons, or Self-instruction in Irish / Легкие уроки: самоучитель ирландского языка

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SELF-TNSTR-DCTION IN

IRISH. 41

<\]]t

bA.rr),

<\5uf AT|t

CAO|t<x,

A^uf

a^i uat)?

21.

Uiv

&Arb

bAOjl,

A5U|* Zi\

luAC

UAID

fAOjl.

22.

iV^l

llOrp

CATUC.

23.

fAOfi

cAjT^c.

24.

Mac t)cM

5ítí\6

bv\oc? 25.

b<\U

A15

5tXs\ó

bAoc.

26.

Mac

rt^iljf*

pjor) ; t)ac ]*eA|tb a joc?

27.

n^jlir i-ioT)

;

]-ev\]tb

^oc.

28.

2Ca

tdaic

leAc

be^c buAT),

cA^c ]:iia|x a5u^

ceic.

29.

liioit

Ciuic,

acc tjac

b-fuil f:;vc

5AC

iji6?

30.

CC\ ]:ivc

3^6

t)i6.

31.

Siq^

Ar)i)

le rf)o

CAob

^-^iiy

béAi)

CAit;c

lion?.

32.

^t}

njA^c

leAc A

bejc

caiuc

liorn?

33.

tdajc

1|oid

beiri^in

(indeed).

34.

X)-}:n]\

lojéAr)

pófXA?

35. M]

b-i-nijl,

n7A|i

UAc

b-f*uil fpjié

A1C1.

36. C]a

au Ao]f

;

]*eAcc-béA3,

AT)

eAÓ

fa?i

?/a7i,

it) ?

37. Civ,

occ-béA5

2l)C\iic

(March).

38. CjA

Ai)

AtDiT)

Civ

Ajixci?

39. S|t;éAb

(Jane).

40.

SUt;

jiAib

]']•

NINTH LESSON.

The

following simple

prepositions,

&e,

;

bo,

;

^a,

for

;

^AO],

under;

from; ca]x, over;

cfie,

by, through

;

and

sometimes <\]]i, on

;

curt^, to, towards

;

5An,

without,

aspi-

rate the initial aspirable

letter

of a noun

when

the article

is not expressed.

EXAMPLES.

buij,

efficacy;

bjtig,

of, or from

efficacy;

hence

btt)5

comes to signify,

because

;

and

is now

used

adverbial phrase.

CAob,

side

;

cAob,

concerning

;

i.e., of the

side of

Latin, relate ad.

Cuf,

beginning

;

tiiy, from the

beginning

;

Latin,

initio.

SeArnuj*,

James;

i>o

SéAmuf,

James.

SeA5C\u,

John;

cun)

Se<v3au,

to John.

beACA,

life;

cA|t bcArA,

above life.

\)]i, life,

existence;

ath

h]c, in

life,

i.e., at

all.

bi\)iii,

top; A^ji

b^]i|t,

top.

CaUh),

earth;

a^i caIaíí), on earth;

as,

civ DjA

A]rx

i;eAri)

A3Uf

Ai|t

caIatt}," a3u)-

At)t; jac

SELF-INSTRUCTION IN

IRISH.

xi}\e b.\ll

be*t) í5orT)<\n,

God is

in heaven

and

earth, and

every;

place in the world, b, of

bmj

; c,

cAob ;

b, of

beACA,

SéAit)»f,

and of

Sei^^M), h

bixjifi,

are

aspi-

rated by

the prepositions.

Sesl

Ain

njeir^e,

rsAl

biqle,

KeubAo

ceu&

A5 sul

Aitt

r\)me

At)

v^MH^O

tlf)

cleAccAnjATt,

t)i

rs-MnrAti)'

letr

&eo."

—

Hardiman's Irish Minstrelsy, voL i.

22.

(See following

Exercise for the translation of

these words).

the

above distich

n?,

in the

word

xxjeyy^e.,

and

in the

word

bujle, and

rp,

n^ijie,

after

ai|i.

are

not aspirated.

Again

—

5v\r)

Circe

^UJin

at; cl|u

;

Without

treasm-e

fame is cold.

the

word

c^yze.

after

the preposition

5AT7,

is not

aspirated.

Nouns

beginning

with

b, c,

after

Ai|t,

ca]i,

(commonly)

aui;,

Ar,

any preposition ending in

b, c,

x,\,

(see

Obs.

page

29),

have

not the

initial letter aspirated.

VOCABULARY,

law

ther.

CpeArrA,

Sliloe,

for Alu-ne,

comparative de

gree of

AlU|t),

beautiful.

21^50^»,

money

of aU kinds

;

rived

from

Ans,

old Irish

word

signifying white ; and

TiAeb,

res, a thing

;

Gr.,

c^^"??

whence

arguros,

the

Greek

term for silver

;

French

argent,

money

;

Latin,

argentum, sil-

ver.

I'tein), a stain.

beour,

Venus

;

derived from the

Irish

beAt), a woman,

as she

was by

excellence the

—

beAfj.

bfiixcAni,

a brother

;

friar

;

Latin,

/rater.

Duile,

frenzy

;

Latin, bilis.

CleAcrA,

a habit.

CleAcrAHKxri, we

practised.

Cle|b, breast, a basket

;

possessive

case of cl[v\b, breast, because,

a basket,

it is

set

with

ribs.

Cl|Abuin

(from

cliAb,

breast,

and

euine,

person),

a son-in-law

;

ACAin-cliAbu;r},

a father-in-law

;

beAf)»cl;Abuit),

daughter-in-

; n)AÍ:Aitt-cl]Abuir)e,

a mo-

in-law,

honest.

tieAnb-bfiArAitt, a (real)

brother,

opposed

to b|tACAin,

a friar,

i.e.,

a brother in religion.

3tti^rA,

gi-ace

r)AotT),

holy,

a saint

;

r)AotT)-5|UxrA,

holy grace,

l-il,

lily

;

Gr.

XEtptii/

; Latin, hhum

;

Welsh,

Ihjren.

2I)AireAr, goodness

;

from tijAit,

good.

SDejrse,

drunkenness.

2i)ine,

wanton madness, frolic.

KeubAe,

tearing

;

from

|teub,

rend.

ReulcAf),

diminutive of

tieulr,

star.

Rór,

rose.

SaoJaI,

the

world

;

Latin,

secidum.

5eAl,

turn, a

while.

SsAinr^^")'»

foi"

rsAmr^^")»]"»

shall cease.

CiaCAttOA,

arid

cjAttHA,

Gr.

TV^xnii;,

lord, sir

;

Ger, Herr

;

derived

from

cm,

country, and tiac

t)Ai, the

ancient

Irish for

ijeAC,

person,

a man.

Ulle, all.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

ESAIMPLES.

b|teA5A

'tjA

I'erjuv cu,

Ailije

't)A

iaeiilr;\r) cu,

?f)o

hi-Clei)

5AT)

bejn)

cu,

CiLlft)

tiuit)

2^0

ttóf,

TT)0

1)1,

T1)0

CAOfl

rU,

20o

rcó|i

ib-fuirtAt)

c-rA05Ai

to,

cu,

Rui)

n>o cnojóe 'r

rtjo

cleib

cu,

e(blir) A

t^ujr)

More beauteous

than Venus, far,

More fair

than the midnight

star.

My Helen, without stain you

are,

Eibhlin a Ruin

My red Rose,

Lily

white,

My Treasure, unfading

bright,

Darling

! my

soul's delight

Eibhlin

a Ruin

Hardiman's

Irish Minstrelsy

7Vanslatedfor

TJie

Nation.

EXERCISE

XXI.

Civ

ti^e

3A1}

fill]!,

5A1)

bjtACA^jt. 2.

Civ

3<m)

ó\i

5A1) AiTtjeAb.

3. Civ

jat)

olc

rt}<x}t. 4.

b-pujl

OeApb-biiACAiji

A5uf

6eA]tb-f]ii]i le

ri)ACAi|i Atjij

Aor)

C15?

Civ 1170

TÍjACAiii

A5uf mo

6eA]ib-f)u|i

At;i?

A01)

CI5

liorT)-|*A.

SioéAÓ,

b-pu]l cu ai;i;

]*jut)?

?t éeAn)U]|-

A5U|-

Seiv5A]T)

b-puil

5|tivb

AjAjb

A]|i

Tt)o

HiACAiit?

b-pu^l bo

ri)AC

beo,

b-t3^lblir)

9. Ca

b-ííu]l rt)AC

f*nt

cueAfCA

i)Ae?

10.

Z^ix,

At)

beAt)

ri)ó|i

A5uf

n^AC

at)

^'Hx

riióni Aui)

cuj-

ai?

Iao

t;Ae.

11. ^t

S^neAb

CU5

cu Ai) ciju

leAC.

12.

TPAbA buAi>

|*ao5aIac

|tA]b cu,

T\iM'^

S^aI

cftoióe.

13. De

h]\]^

b-pu]!

cu |to-ti)Aic, A

Oi5eA]ti)A,

civ

]tút)

A5ArD A|*

fO I'UAi*

be^c

t^]\]y bujc.

14.

<Dé

b]l|r,

feApc-5fii\D

too

c|ioibe,

njo

rbjle

fcont,

it?'

ujle

TT)<vjceA|*,

beijiirT)

n}e

pé|t)

]-UAi-buic

le bejc

fA0|

bo yt.]n]i

b]tAc; be

bfxij

b-f.'u]l

TT^Aic

A3UI'

5tU\6ri)Ari

l]on},

A5ui* 50

cu^UeADu

(clesei've)

n)o

3fU\b

ujle;

a|*

|*ua|*

(up,

forward,

henceforth),

be]8

5ltC\6

A5Arn ó cjtoióe 0|ic,

A^uf if]

bejb

Cftjoc

leif

bjiivc

coi)5T)Ari) (help)

60 t)aott)-5|ií\|-a.

15.

rcóifi

TOO

clé)b T;AC

TTJÓfl

SflÍAÓ

A5Ab

A^jt b'

ACAI|V

cllAbHjTje,

t)UA1il

IOC

CU AT)

n)eub

AI^l.

16.

b-puil

t)0

tÍ3ACAI|l

cliAbu]i)e

AT)

17.

Ci\,

be cAob

b-pujl a

b-IU5éAT)

cjoi):

Acc

beió

bjióib ajiici

'i;ua]|i

bei6

piof

ajc]

5Ufi

|iA|b

SELF-IXSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

^eAjt

cn^AfCA

rnA]a cu-|*a

ai3

•p]AV|tu5A6

(enquiring)

Af]ici.

18.

rnÓ|t A

ca]l

Ajui*

clii

z]ip

Ai}

ci|i.

19.

pio|t

b-pujl,

20.

"Oo

]iAib |*e mA|i

rii)

A]*

|to

]*iia]*.

Obs.

—The

final

vo\Yel

of the possessive

pronouns n)o,

my ; bo,

thy

;

and

of the prepositions be,

;

&o,

;

elided, and an apostrophe

(')

substituted for the

elided

letter, when

a vowel comes immediately

after

as—

A|r)rn,

thy name,

for

Aii^rn

;

T)Aori)-:A|t

Ajt^rp,

hallowed

be thy name

b-f'uil

ArAHi

a5ii|* bo

rViACA^jt

i*U\n,

ai*e

four

father and

mother

well?

D'aoh*

C|iio|*c,

of the age

of Christ.

Obs.

—

the

possessive pronoun

i>o,

thy; should

never, when

is elided, be changed

into

c—a

cognate

letter

near kindred

sound—a

process which has, very

incor-

rectly,

been often gone through; as,

catmh?,

for

bAnArn,

which itself is an

old

stenographic form for

bV^Anj, thy

soul;

again,

cA]Uft?,

thy

name, for

t)A]viv;

cacai^,

thy

father,

for

b'ACAnt;

ceAStjA,

thy wisdom, for

b'eA5in\;

C05IAC,

thy

man-servant,

thy

young

man, for

b' ojIac.

This

mutation of the Unguals b,

one

for the other, is

puzzling

mere learners

that

it should never in

future be

practised.

her; takes the aspirate

before

the

vowel immedi-

ately

following it;

—Is her

father alive,

b-pujl

b-^cAifi

beo?

her

soul safe,

b-piijl

b-At)Art7

x^iw)?

his,

and

not

her

—both of

which

are

expressed in Irish

the letter

—

was meant,

the

expression should

have been written

thus

—A

ACA1H,

and not

b-ACAifi;

aijahí, and

not

At)Art7.

This difference is very carefully

attended to by Irish-

speaking

people.

The

sound of

before the initial

vowel

fallmg on

the

ear tells them at

once

that

the subject

which

refers

is feminine.

Example

—

pAt»

ó'o

5-C|xic,

b-TfUjl

"b-05

Uoi" 'f) A lU]!De,

'S 5At)

ivutt) A]^ A

vuifiijtib

brieu5Aó

2lc-

loippui^eAt)

vuA|i

6 Tiiilib

5AC

tao],

Oiit

cA A c|to)6e le r)-A

céjle

eu5Aó.

She is far from the land where her young hero

sleeps,

And lovers are

round her

sighing

;

But coldly

she turns from

their gaze and

Aveeps,

For her

heart in his grave

Ijing.

—

Ins/i, 3Ielodies, bj Dr.

MacHale.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

/ Ca,

what,

were

;

t)-^oir

suic,

what

age is to you,

i.e

what

age are

you ; or

how

old

are you

3o, that (conj.)

;

a par-

5°

b-AT)ATb b|óeAnt}

These particles take

tide that renders

the

Atjn

r»)

It is

seldom you

before the

sue-

adj. before which it is

here,

ceeding vowel. put,

adverb,

Wa,

not

(in

commanding);

as, ijAi)-ob

A5ur

tjA

[Ann

ofjoiTt,

not refuse

and do not

seek

honour.

re cioi)

le í)-eA5lA,

He is sick

(with) from

fear.

When the

possessive pronouns

his, her,

their;

Ati,

our,

the simple prepositions

that end in

a vowel,

is,

for

euphony, inserted

before

the pronoun to prevent hiatus

—

as,

A5u|* cloc

i-'AO]

h-a" ceAou,

and a stone under his

head

;

i)-a"

c|toióe,

from her heart

;

ii-a"

^-c^io^oe,

from

their

heart. In these

Examples i; is inserted

before

his

;

her ; and

their, following

pAO] ; o.

le, >

Re,

with,

TENTH

LESSON.

CONJUGATON OF

THE

VERB

to he"

t)0

be|C,

—CONTINUED.

INDICATIVE MOOD.

Future

Tense.

SINGULAR.

PLURAL.

'béi6-i&,

beT/id,

I will

be.

\)é]S-rr)p, heymidh,

we will be.

l»éió-]^,

heyirh,

thou

wilt be. 2. beió-qó,

beyhee,

you will be.

3. \}e\i>

re,

bey she, he (or, it)

will

l)é]óií),

beyidh,

they

will

be.

;

t)e]&

ti)

^^y

s'ise, she (or,

it) will be.

the

Present

tense, the Future, after the relative

pronouns

who; i)oc,

who; adopts

the

termination

—eA|*;

as, from

be|6,

will be;

and

b^Ó

(present

tense), is

usually;

formed

b^iOeA^-;

and

b]6eA|*;

as,

ai) cé

bejOeAf,

he who

will'be

;

aij

biSeAi-,

who

usually. This ending

is assumed

after the

same

relatives

(a,

and i)oc) by every

other

verb,

neuter and

active,

in the language,

In the

coming Lessons it will not,

therefore,

necessary

to give,

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IN IRISH.

in other

verbs,

tlie

relative

assertive form

the

Present

Future tenses indicative.

The relative form

of the

verb for the

other tenses

—imperfect, perfect,

conditional

;

or for the

relative

negative of even the present and

future,

that of

the

third person singular of each

respective

tense.

This special ending of the tenses after

the

relative

pro-

noun, is

peculiarity

Irish.

The future of

^y,

it is; bv\ or biió, it was; is

buf,

will

;

which is seldom employed

except

before

adjectives

the

superlative degree with a contingent

future

mean-

ing

;

as Ai)

KeC\|t|t,

he "who

is best ;

ai)

re a b'

|:e;\]i|i,

he who

was best

;

At;

buf

]:eAii|i,

who

will be

best.

COKDITIONAL.

SINGULAR, PLTTRAL.

béió-inn,

veyhinn, I might, or

could be.

2. beió-reív,

veyhaio,

thou mightest,

or couldsb

be.

béió-eAó,

vcijhoo,

she,

(or

it),

might

or could be.

1. tejo-njuir,

vepnush,-we

might,

could be.

béió-C;ó,

veyhee, ye

might,

could be.

3. t'éió-CJÍr,

veydisli, they

might, or

could be.

The

first

letter of

the foregoing

tense,

that

of the

imperfect,

aspirated, if

it be one of the

nine

mutable

consonants.

OPTATIVE

MOOD.

|\Ab-A», go

roioadh,

that

may

be.

TtAb-A]tt,

roiuirh,

that

thou

mayest

be.

txAib

re,

rowv she,

that

(or,

it) may

;

tyAjb

rí,

rowvshee,

that she(or, it)may

be.

riAb-Tt)U]ii,

go rownmdh, that

we may be.

nAb-rAjó,

roivliy,

that you

may be.

3o |tAb-A]fc,

rowidh,

that they

may be.

bu6,

that

it may

be,

is the Optative

form

}x>

it is

;

buó,

was

;

and

bur,

will

;

as,

m-biio

x^'-^"^^

|;a&-i*ao5a-

Iac

cu,

health and long life to

you

;

literally,

may

you

healthy

and

long-lived.

IMPERATIVE.

...

\)]-Vi)\X]X,leemush, let

VLB he,

\)\,

bee, be

thou

bió-ió,

beeyee, be ye.

b|ó-eAó

té,

beeyoo

she, let him

be.

I 3.

l>|-&if

beedish, let

them

be.

SELF-INSTEUCTION

I]S[^

IRISH.

The

second

person

plural h]S}^, is

commonly,

the

spoken

language,

pronounced

as if written,

b|5i6,

heegee.

The

infinitive

mood

and" participles

are

formed by

put-

ting

certain

prepositions before the

verbal

noun—be^c,

being

—as,

English,

to; about to;

in French,

four;

placed

before

the

infinitive,

bejc,

a being; bo

beic,

to be

;

le be|c,

in order to

be.

Le, with

;

placed

before

the infinitive

mood,

gives,

j90?ir,

French, the idea of intent,

purpose,

perform

what is

expressed

the

verb.

?l]fi

beic

(on the point of being),

about to be.

?Ci5

beic

(at) being ; same

the

old

English

form,

being,

a-walking, a-loving;

for—

being,

walking,

loving.

?il|t beic,

on being.

)a|i

Tr)-beic,

after

being,

having been.

VOCAEULAEY.

Branch,

bongh,

CfUoB,

56115.

Bush,

T5eAc.

Bank,

border, edge, b|tuAc

;

Aj^t

bnuAc

linf)S,

on the border

the pond ;

Ajti

briUAC

AiUe,

on the verge of the

cliff

;

Ain

brtUAc

OA b-Aiboe,

the

bank

of the river.

Comet,

i\eAnnAiti,

from

t^eApn,

star,

and

ajo,

beautiful, spark-

ling

;

neulc,

also

means star

;

and tteulrAt),

small star,

same

rieulco5

;

or a

star-

measuring

instrument, an as-

trolabe. Comet,

can well be

called

also \\e\.\\T:

5riuA5Ac

;

tieul-

ciorcAc;

ReAtinAir) may

i)e

considered by

many

only

merely the diminutive

TieAon-

Cut,

seAnn

;

from

seivtiTt,

short

;

because whatever

cut is

shortened.

Deep, í30iiT)ir).

Dike,

xs]\ ;

Latin, vallum.

Ditch, cliAD.

Dust,

ashes.

luAicrie

(from

Iuac,

quick,

and

crié,

earth) ;

lUAicíxe

C[)Ari),

bone dust.

For,

because,

ój|\ ;

Greek)

yaf

;

Fr.

car.

Farm,

jreilnj.

Fertile,

tAioBm

;

rich

;

—

tAlóblTi

Í3

derived from

fo,

ease

;

and

AóbA|\, cause.

Fertilize, seAi)

t^^lobitt^Cmake

fer-

tile).

Granary, stall,

TtjAinnsAc, tBTobol

;

Heb.

'jia-tt',

sliibol, an ear of

coi-n.

Harrow,

cl]Ac-^utircA.

Harbinger,

cuAtt

;

a rainbow is

called

' the

harbinger

of a

shower,"

-uA^i

ccaca."

Irrigated,

irliuccA

;

from

x\]\.\c,

irrigate, to

wet;

l^ljuc,

adj

wet,

moist.

Lake,

loc; Fr. lac;

Basq.

lac;

Greek,

T^ccxy-o^

;

Latm, luciis

;

Italian,

Iciffo ;

Spanish,

/«^70;

Welsh,

Ihoch.

INIaniu-e,

aoIac, from Aol,

lime.

INIarsh,

low

meadow land,

leAO-

INIoor,

V-h\r3

;

(as if from ^ijc, flow-

ing, and

uif5e,

water).

IMoory,

^ilArsAc

;

moory

land, ca-

lATT)

niArsAc

Nutriment

(juice),

rwo-

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

Oak,

!3Aitt

;

Greek,

tfp?i

;

Sansk.,

druh

;

Welsh,

derw.

Hence

the

name

Deny, from

the

grove

Ijlanted

there by Colmnbkille.

Pile,

heai)

stones,

CAnn-

Pit,

clAir,

sand-pit, cVa]]-

sJ^fne.

Philosopher,

fAO)

;

Greek,

a-o!po<;.

In Irish

it means also, a

man

of letters

;

any man of position

in the

world ; A

Saoj,

Sir.

Plough,

ceAccA

;

to plough,

ctteAb

;

cneAbAó

AgUr

A15

pUTirAB,

ploughing

and han-owing

;

CAtT)-céAccA,

the plough

;

Charles's

Wain.

Purpose,

íxóbAn

;

that

purpose,

At)

r-ívóbAtt

Tin

;

for that

purpose,

therefore,

A]\\ ai)

ixobAji

riO-

Eock,

CAllTtAjC,

Alll.

Soil,

earth,

c^e,

ú]p,.

Sowing,

c\x\x

;

from

cuift,

to put,

sow,

to set.

Spring (time),

eA^riAc;

from

einio,

spring

nj), arise,

when mother

earth

rises, as

were,

from the

dormant

state

in which she

lay

dui'ing

winter; Greek,

««f-

Stack, cituAc

;

from

this word

derived

C^xuAc

PA&tiiMC,

the

name of

mountain in

INIayo,

sixmiles

from

Westport

;

called

C|auAc,

from

its

conical, reek-

shape

;

and

pA&fiUic,

Pa-

trick's

;

because the

Saint,

another

jSIoses, spent,

whila

preaching the

faith in

Con-

naught,

forty days

on its sum-

m.it,

prayer

and fasting.

Swamp,

linO)

rP'-^F-

Surround

(to),

cuti

cin)C]oU.

Uplands, iX|i!5A|r),

X'^^'^P-

Use, ^e]ón)

;

pronounced

/eyiire.

Very,

ao,

ri^^t^j

both

employed

only

in composition,

as,

A()-ú)Air,

very

good;

Ti^n-")A1C,

sui-passingly

good;

Ciri,

very;

as,

iifi-iriol,

very

low;

íitx-5Tt<vnA,

very

ugly ;

CiTX-eArbA,

great

want.

EXERCISE

XXII.

God bless

your

work

(bA^l

Oia

Ai]a

obAift

—

liter-

ally, prosperity

from

God on thy work).

2. In

wliat

state

your

sowing

? 3. My

sowing is exceedingly good. 4.

Have you tlie

farm

cheap? 5. I have the farm cheap;

my father had

it cheap;

and my grandfather

had

cheap

;

and may

it never

dear. 6. Is the soil

fertile?

7. It is fertile;

for, it is

irrigated by the

water of the

lake, which is

at the

mearing,

the bor-

der of

the marsh.

Have

you got

sand from the

sea-

shore to put on the

moory land

No :

for

have

sandpit in my

own farm, the sand of which is of great use

to me for

that

purpose.

10.

Has the

ploughshare

over-

come the stones

and rocks

the craggy

uplands which

bound (are

on the border

of) yom'

farm? 11. It has, and

even the harrow

there

is not a rock

nor

stone which

have not put into

one pile

;

and I have surrounded

(put

around) the whole

(with)

high ditch and a deep

dike.

12.

What manure do

you put on the

land in the

time

spring?

13. I put bone-dust. 14.

not

bone-dust dry,

SELF-IXSTRUCTION IN IRISH.

and

-without nutriment to the

earth? 15.

No; it is

pos-

sessed

of a

certain

property

(b|ti5)

which fertilizes the soil,

16. Is

there

a large oak

tree

in your

farm?

17. There is

not,

nor even

bush. I cut

every bush

from the

root.

18. See (peuc)

that field how

green

it it.

19.

Was it not

always green? 20. It is

good to be

here. 21. Have

you

all

your

corn

stack,

and in

granary?

22.

have not.

This season was

very

wet.

23.

Philosophers say

(beift

^AOiée)

that

a comet

brings

hot

weather

(that

there is

Usually

hot weather with a

comet),

but

truly

this

blazing

comet

(fte

At}) which

was

lately

with us* was the

har-

binger of rain

and wet

weather.

24.

When will

it be

back

again

to us ?

25.

It is not

easy to

tell—

t)]

^o\iny

]i^6.

Written in the end of October,

]

So8.

ELEVENTH

LESSON.

Adjectives

have their first

letter,

if aspirable, affected

aspiration, in the same

manner as

the nouns with which

they

agree,

and

arising

fi'om

the

same causes

;

Ex.

IVjo

Tíóif

56^1,

bub,

fair

black

(haired)

Rose;

a \e]vh

6]\ mo

cleib,

fond

child

bosom; 1X)o

catia

buAt),

cói|t,

bA-jr)-

5eAn,

h]\]y

cu,

my constant,

true,

firm,

fond

fi'iend

thou

(art)

;

cei^t)

óuib,

bjlir»

dear head

of dark (hair).

The initial

in each adjective

in these

sentences is

aspi-

rated

account of the

possessive

pronoun njo, which,

as has

been shown

(p.

28),

aspirates

the

initial aspirable of nouns.

The same

letters,

b, c,

which

nouns are

exempted

from

aspiration,

when they

come

immediately

after the

dentals,

r»,

(See

Sixth

Lesson,

Obs.

page

29,)

are

exempted

also

adjectives.

Every

adjective

Irish

becomes

an adverb

placing

the

particle

before it. To

this rule there is no exception.

ADJ.

ADV.

OeAcc,

trim,

neat,

perfect, complete.

bit)t), melodious.

Caoc,

blind

;

Latin,

ccecus.

Ctioti), crooked,

bent

;

Ger. Icrom.

to'Ao,

Greek,

octv»,

deina,

vehement.

WuAó,

new.

3o beAcc,

perfectly,

completely.

5o b|Tii), melodiously.

CAoc,

blindly,

00 C]xon), in a bent manner,

&iArj,

vehemently.

ijUAó, Latin,

de novo

;

Spanish,

nuévo.

SELF-INSTRUCTION

IRISH.

Obs.

—

Adjectives

beginning

with

vowel

take,

on be-

coming

adverbs,

before

them,

not only after

50,

but

also

after

]y,

it is;

bA, or bu6, it was;

i;i,

not; as,

l)A

b-^T^"

UbAjtt

(lowrh)

té,

it was loudly

lie

spoke.

Aflb

é AT)

^UASflAD

o'l)

C-r^OfirACC

TjCVm.

Grand

was

the warning

when

liberty spoke.

Irish Melodies,

John Archbishop

Tuam.

The adverb whose initial

a vowel, on

coming

after

if,

it is;

bA,

it was;

t)i,

not; is distinguished

from the

adjec-

tive whence it is derived by the

asi^irate,

which it

as-

sumes; as.

olc <M)

peAji

é,

he is a bad

man;

\^]

olc av)

veA|i

i*,

not a

bad

man;

Ij-oXc

caiuc

ye,

badly he spoke;

Yi]

b-olc

caioc

ye,

it is not badly

s])oke;

1)a

b-olc

cAinc

rí",

it was

badly he spoke

—

wliich sentences

—

olc, as an

adverb,

is prefixed,

well

i'or

cujihony

to distinguish it from the adjective

from

hieh it is derived,

THE ARTICLE.

In Irish,

there is but

one Article,

ah,

the. In the sin-

gular

number it

ao,

the; in all cases and genders,

except

the

possessive case feminine,

in which it becomes

DA,

of the.

In the plural

it is

r)A

(the) in all cases and

genders;

as,

Singular. Plural.

Mas. Fem. Mas. &

Fern.

Nominative and

Objective

...

atj, the

;

...

da,

the.

AT), of the

;

t)A

Prepositional

...

(i?o)

't)

to the

. .

tjA ...

prefixed

the

initial vowel

the

noun

word

immediately

following

the form

of the Article

—the

jjossessive

feminine,

and all the

cases

the plural.

Ex.

—

yni

bixrx

t)A

b-AiUe

C]Ot)v

atj

cuaip.

Where

the cliflf

hangs

high and

steep.

Literally:

—

On the

cliff's

top,

above

the

beach.

Song

—

By that

lake

whose gloomy shore."

h-o]S^,

the

virgin's,

poss. case

013,

virgin

;

derived

from

05,

young

;

ha b-ACAifte,

the

fathers

;

plural

ACAiyt

;

b-ó7^At)Ai3,

the

young

men

;

plural

o^adac,

a young

man

;

derived

from

63^x1),

youngster,

and

that

from

05,

young.