Bongard Frederic , Darryl Sue. Diagnosis and Treatment Critical Care

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INDEX

877

in intraabdominal abscess, 177–178, 373

in pregnancy, 805

in pulmonary embolism, 555t

in surgical infections, 398

in urinary obstruction, 322

in urinary tract infection, 185, 383

Unfractionated heparin (UFH). See also Low-molecular-

weight heparin

for acute arterial insufficiency, 636

complications, 556–557, 828–829, 829t

for deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism

prophylaxis, 559–561, 560t, 644, 827t

treatment, 554–557, 645, 827t

for disseminated intravascular coagulation,

421, 622

dosing and adjustment, 826, 826t

factors modifying effects, 827–828, 828t

in hemodialysis, 337

hyperkalemia and, 40

indications and administration, 827, 827t

intravenous, weight-based dosing, 555t

vs. low-molecular-weight heparin, 830t

mechanisms of action, 825–826

in peritoneal dialysis, 340

pharmacology, 826

postoperative hypocoagulability and, 521

in pregnancy, 827t, 838, 839t

protein binding, 89t

renal clearance, 90

for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 509

in total parenteral nutrition solution, 128

for unstable angina or non-STEMI, 504, 505t

Unstable angina pectoris (USA), 502–504, 505t

Upper airway obstruction, 254

Urea, in acute renal failure, 315–316

Urea-bridged gelatin, 229

Urea clearance, 317, 333

Urea nitrogen appearance (UNA), 333

Uremia, 61t, 62

Ureteral obstruction, 321–322

Urinalysis, in acute renal failure, 317

Urinary catheter–associated infections, 382–383

Urinary obstruction, 321–322

Urinary tract infections

clinical features, 366

complications, 366

in diabetes, 375

essentials of diagnosis, 365

general considerations, 366

imaging studies, 185–186

microbiologic etiology, 366

pathophysiology, 366

in pregnancy, 811–812

treatment, 367

Urine concentration, 23

Urokinase, 410t, 558, 637, 836t.

See also Thrombolytic therapy

Urticaria, drug-related, 613, 614t

Uterine atony, 818

Uterine inversion, 817

Uterine rupture, 817, 820

Valacyclovir, 315t, 627

Valproate sodium, 665, 665t

Valvular heart disease

aortic regurgitation, 198, 475

aortic stenosis, 475

cardiac sufficiency following surgery for, 530

clinical features, 474–475

emboli, 476

essentials of diagnosis, 474

general considerations, 474

imaging studies, 475

infective endocarditis. See Endocarditis

mitral senosis, 198, 475, 494

native valve regurgitation, 475

native valve stenosis, 475

paravalvular leaks and valve dehiscence, 476

during pregnancy, 493–494

prosthetic valve dysfunction, 475–476

Vancomycin

for C. difficile–associated diarrhea, 387

for dialysis-related peritonitis, 339t

resistance to, 376t, 389

therapeutic ranges, 92t

Vancomycin-insensitive Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), 390

Variant-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,

transfusion-associated, 82t

Variceal bleeding

clinical features, 707, 716

differential diagnosis, 716

essentials of diagnosis, 716

general considerations, 707, 716

treatment, 428, 709–710, 717

Varicella-zoster virus, 626–627

Vascular surgery patient

complications, 655–656

nutritional management, 651–652

postoperative care, 653–654

preoperative risk assessment, 652–653

renal failure in, 653–654

respiratory management, 651

Vasculitis, 620–621, 620t, 621t

Vasodilators, 237, 244–245

Vasopressin. See also Antidiuretic hormone

for diabetes insipidus, 33

in hypovolemic shock, 224

for septic shock, 237

for variceal bleeding, 717

Vecuronium, 89t, 107t, 109

Vena cava filters

inferior, 558, 561, 647, 821

Venography, 643

nous air embolism, 141

Venous thromboembolism. See Deep venous thrombosis;

Pulmonary embolism

Ventilation-perfusion index (V/QI), 198

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, 251

Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, 153, 154, 550–552, 551t

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)

in ARDS, 307

diagnosis, 277, 400–401

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INDEX

878

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) (Cont.):

morbidity and mortality, 276–277

prevention, 277, 401

treatment, 402, 404t

Ventricular arrhythmias. See also Arrhythmias

after acute myocardial infarction, 510

cardioversion for, 520

general considerations, 488–489

postoperative, 520

ventricular ectopy (premature ventricular contractions),

489

ventricular tachycardia, 489–491, 490f

Ventricular septal defect (VSD), 512

Ventriculitis, 400, 401t

Venturi mask, 258, 259t

Verapamil, 89t, 486, 501–502

Viral meningitis, 677

Virchow’s triad, 546, 640

Vital capacity, 99–100, 281

Vitamin A, 55, 122t, 123–124

Vitamin B

(thiamine), 122t, 131

Vitamin B

(riboflavin), 122t, 124t

Vitamin B

(niacin), 122t, 124t

Vitamin B

(pyridoxine), 122t, 124t

Vitamin B

, 122t

Vitamin C, 122t, 123, 124t

Vitamin D, 52, 55, 122t, 124t

Vitamin E, 122t

Vitamin K

daily requirements, 122t

deficiency

coagulation disorders and, 413–414t,

416t, 418

drug-induced, 124t, 418

dosing in coagulation disorders, 420

sources, 122t

Vocal cord dysfunction syndrome, 536

Volume-control ventilation (VCV), 269–271, 270t.